EP0168600A2 - Bipolar apparatus for electrolysis using a gas diffusion cathode - Google Patents

Bipolar apparatus for electrolysis using a gas diffusion cathode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0168600A2
EP0168600A2 EP85106418A EP85106418A EP0168600A2 EP 0168600 A2 EP0168600 A2 EP 0168600A2 EP 85106418 A EP85106418 A EP 85106418A EP 85106418 A EP85106418 A EP 85106418A EP 0168600 A2 EP0168600 A2 EP 0168600A2
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Prior art keywords
cathode
anode
partition
electrolysis
shells
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0168600B1 (en
EP0168600A3 (en
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Rudolf Dr. Staab
Kurt Hannesen
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bipolar electrolysis apparatus with an oxygen consumable cathode for producing chlorine and sodium hydroxide solution from aqueous alkali chloride solution with devices for supplying the electrolysis current and the electrolysis starting products and for removing the electrolysis starting products, in which the anode and cathode are arranged separated from one another by a partition.
  • Aqueous sodium chloride electrolysis is an important process for the production of the heavy chemicals chlorine and sodium hydroxide.
  • a modern variant is carried out in a membrane cell.
  • the electrolysis cell consists of an anode compartment with an anode and a cathode compartment with a cathode, and a cation exchange membrane that separates the two electrolysis compartments from one another. If a saturated sodium chloride solution is fed into the anode compartment, the chloride ions at the anode are discharged into elemental chlorine under the influence of the electric current. At the same time, water is decomposed at the cathode with the formation of elemental hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
  • the underlying chemical reaction corresponds to the following equation:
  • an alkali metal chloride such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride or lithium chloride
  • a material must be used which is resistant to the corrosive medium, which contains high chloride ion concentrations and elemental chlorine.
  • titanium, iridium or noble metals preference is given to titanium metal, which can be activated on the surface with a mixed oxide in order to reduce the chlorine overvoltage and at the same time increase the oxygen overvoltage.
  • the anode is also made of titanium, which can be activated by transition metal oxides such as ruthenium oxide or iridium oxide in order to lower the chlorine overvoltage and at the same time increase the oxygen overvoltage.
  • Titanium cannot be used for the cathode compartment because the hydrogen formed would cause embrittlement of the titanium metal.
  • the cathode compartment is therefore made of normal steel, stainless steel, nickel or nickel-plated steel.
  • the cathode also consists of these materials, but can additionally be activated by noble metals or other electrocatalysts such as, for example, Raney nickel or sulfur-containing nickel.
  • Electrochemical cells for alkali chloride electrolysis additionally contain a diaphragm or a cation exchange membrane, which separate the anode and cathode compartments.
  • Cation exchange membranes that is perfluorinated membranes containing sulfonic acid or carboxyl groups, are preferably used if high-purity sodium hydroxide solution is to be obtained.
  • the membranes are cation-selective, i.e. only allow sodium ions to pass through during sodium chloride electrolysis, whereas the chloride ions remain in the anode compartment.
  • electrolysis cells which consist of an anode compartment with anode, cathode compartment with cathode and a cation exchange membrane, are used to assemble larger electrolyzers, which can consist of a large number of individual cells.
  • electrolysers can be switched monopolar or bipolar. The bipolar circuit is preferred since very large cell units can be operated with it.
  • the invention solves the problem in that at least one element with the shape of a double trough is arranged between two half-shells with edges designed as a flange, one of which carries an anode and the second a cathode the anode and the cathode, which are spatially separated from one another by the wall, and the struts which are perpendicular on both sides from the common floor and a side wall divided by the floor in height, the edges of which are provided with flanges Protrude from the bottom are electrically connected, the partition walls are clamped between the flanges of the half-shells and the element Sealing elements are arranged so that a cavity is formed between the partition and the cathode.
  • two or more elements can be arranged between the half-shells.
  • the partition is clamped between the flanges of the elements and a sealing element is arranged so that a cavity is formed between the partition and the cathode.
  • a spacer can be arranged between the partition wall and the cathode and the sealing element can have recesses which connect the cavity between the partition wall and the cathode with devices for supplying and removing the catholyte.
  • Titanium can be used as the material for the half-shells and elements. Suitable as anode is titanium, which is activated with an oxide or mixed oxide of the metals of subgroup 8 of the periodic table.
  • the element 6 has the shape of a double trough, which consists of a common floor 7 and one divided by the floor at its height side wall 8 is formed.
  • the bottom 7 can also be arranged asymmetrically, so that the tubs are of different depths.
  • the edges of the wall, i.e. the free ends, are provided with flanges 9 and 10.
  • the flange 9 or the wall part adjoining it each carries an anode 4 and the flange 10 or the wall part adjoining it each carries a cathode 5.
  • the space formed by the anode 4 and the trough is the anode space 11 and that by the cathode 5 and the trough formed space the gas space 12.
  • struts 13 are arranged which protrude vertically from the floor and connect the electrodes 4 and 5 to the floor 7 in an electrically conductive manner.
  • Partitions 14 such as ion exchange membranes, diaphragms etc. and sealing elements 15 are arranged between the flanges 3, 3a, 9, 10 of the half-shells 1, 2 and the elements 6.
  • the sealing element consists of an alkali-resistant material, preferably PTFE.
  • the thickness of the sealing element 15 is such that a cavity 16, the cathode space, is created between the partition 14 and the cathode 5. It may be expedient to arrange a spacer 17 between the partition wall 14 and the cathode 5 in the cavity 16, which spacer sets a uniform distance between the cathode and the partition wall.
  • the spacer is made of an alkali-resistant material such as PTFE or nickel.
  • a cathode space depth of about 2 to 3 mm is preferred, particularly preferably 0.5 to 1 mm.
  • the sealing element 15 can be provided with recesses 18 which connect the cavity 16 with devices 19 for feeding and removing the catholyte.
  • Anolyte is supplied and discharged via the lines 20 and gas (air, oxygen) for the oxygen consumable cathode via the lines 21.
  • the half-shells 1, 2 and the elements 6 are connected by means of screws 23 guided in bushings 22 made of electrically insulating material.
  • the power supplies are marked with plus and minus.
  • the partition 14 can rest on the anode 4.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)

Abstract

In this electrolysis apparatus, the anode and the gas diffusion cathode are arranged to be separated from one another by means of a partition. At least one element (6) which has the form of a twin trough is located between two half-shells (1, 2) which are located at the ends and of which one carries an anode (4) and the second carries a cathode (5). This twin trough is formed by a common plate (7) and a lateral wall (8), the height of which is divided by the plate and the edges of which are provided with flanges (9, 10). The anode (4) and the cathode (5) are electrically conductively connected to the wall (8) and to struts (13) which protrude vertically from the plate on both sides. In order to form a cavity (16) between the partition (14) and the cathode (5), a sealing element is arranged between these two.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen bipolaren Elektrolyseapparat mit Sauerstoffverzehrkathode zum Herstellen von Chlor und Natronlauge aus wässeriger Alkalichloridlösung mit Einrichtungen zum Zuführen des Elektrolysestromes und der Elektrolyseeingangsprodukte und zum Abführen der Elektrolyseausgangsprodukte, bei dem Anode und Kathode durch eine Trennwand voneinander getrennt angeordnet sind.The present invention relates to a bipolar electrolysis apparatus with an oxygen consumable cathode for producing chlorine and sodium hydroxide solution from aqueous alkali chloride solution with devices for supplying the electrolysis current and the electrolysis starting products and for removing the electrolysis starting products, in which the anode and cathode are arranged separated from one another by a partition.

Die wäßrige Natriumchlorid-Elektrolyse ist ein wichtiges Verfahren zur Herstellung der Schwerchemikalien Chlor und Natronlauge. Eine moderne Variante wird in einer Membranzelle durchgeführt. Bei diesem Verfahren besteht die Elektrolyse-Zelle aus einem Anodenraum mit einer Anode und einem Kathodenraum mit einer Kathode,sowie einer Kationenaustauscher-Membran, die beide Elektrolyseräume voneinander trennt. Speist man in den Anodenraum eine gesättigte Natriumchlorid-Lösung ein, so werden unter der Einwirkung des elektrischen Stromes die Chloridionen an der Anode zu elementarem Chlor entladen. Gleichzeitig findet an der Kathode eine Wasserzerlegung unter Bildung von elementarem Wasserstoff und Hydroxidionen statt. Etwa in gleichem Maße wie Hydroxidionen erzeugt werden, wandern Natriumionen aus dem Anodenraum durch die Kationenaustauscher-Membran in den Kathodenraum. Die zugrundeliegende chemische Reaktion entspricht der folgenden Gleichung:

Figure imgb0001
Für den Anodenraum einer Elektrolysezelle in der ein Alkalichlorid wie beispielsweise Natriumchlorid, Kaliumchlorid oder Lithiumchlorid elektrolysiert werden soll, muß ein Werkstoff verwendet werden, der beständig ist gegen das korrosive Medium, das hohe Chloridionenkonzentrationen und elementares Chlor enthält. Stand der Technik ist die Verwendung von Titan, Iridium oder Edelmetalle, bevorzugt ist Titanmetall, welches oberflächlich mit einem Mischoxid aktiviert sein kann, um die Chlorüberspannung zu verringern und gleichzeitig die Sauerstoffüberspannung zu erhöhen. Die Anode besteht ebenfalls aus Titan, welches durch übergangsmetalloxide wie Rutheniumoxid oder Iridiumoxid aktiviert sein kann, um die Chlorüberspannung zu erniedrigen und gleichzeitig die Sauerstoffüberspannung zu erhöhen.Aqueous sodium chloride electrolysis is an important process for the production of the heavy chemicals chlorine and sodium hydroxide. A modern variant is carried out in a membrane cell. In this method, the electrolysis cell consists of an anode compartment with an anode and a cathode compartment with a cathode, and a cation exchange membrane that separates the two electrolysis compartments from one another. If a saturated sodium chloride solution is fed into the anode compartment, the chloride ions at the anode are discharged into elemental chlorine under the influence of the electric current. At the same time, water is decomposed at the cathode with the formation of elemental hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Sodium ions migrate from the anode compartment through the cation exchange membrane into the cathode compartment to approximately the same extent as hydroxide ions are generated. The underlying chemical reaction corresponds to the following equation:
Figure imgb0001
 For the anode compartment of an electrolytic cell in which an alkali metal chloride such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride or lithium chloride is to be electrolyzed, a material must be used which is resistant to the corrosive medium, which contains high chloride ion concentrations and elemental chlorine. State of the art is the use of titanium, iridium or noble metals, preference is given to titanium metal, which can be activated on the surface with a mixed oxide in order to reduce the chlorine overvoltage and at the same time increase the oxygen overvoltage. The anode is also made of titanium, which can be activated by transition metal oxides such as ruthenium oxide or iridium oxide in order to lower the chlorine overvoltage and at the same time increase the oxygen overvoltage.

Für den Kathodenraum kann der Werkstoff Titan nicht verwendet werden, da durch den gebildeten Wasserstoff eine Versprödung des Titanmetalls verursacht würde. Der Kathodenraum wird deshalb aus Normalstahl, Edelstahl, Nickel oder vernickeltem Stahl gefertigt. Die Kathode besteht ebenfalls aus diesen Materialien, kann aber zusätzlich durch Edelmetalle oder andere Elektrokatalysatoren wie beispielsweise Raney-Nickel oder schwefelhaltigem Nickel aktiviert sein. Elektrochemische Zellen für die Alkalichlorid-Elektrolyse enthalten zusätzlich ein Diaphragma oder eine Kationenaustauschermembran, die Anoden-und Kathodenraum voneinander trennen. Bevorzugt werden Kationenaustauscher-Membranen, das sind perfluorierte Membranen, die Sulfonsäure- oder Carboxylgruppen enthalten, verwendet, wenn hochreine Natronlauge erhalten werden soll. Die Membranen sind kationenselektiv, lassen also bei der Natriumchlorid-Elektrolyse nur die Natriumionen durch, wohingegen die Chloridionen im Anodenraum verbleiben.Titanium cannot be used for the cathode compartment because the hydrogen formed would cause embrittlement of the titanium metal. The cathode compartment is therefore made of normal steel, stainless steel, nickel or nickel-plated steel. The cathode also consists of these materials, but can additionally be activated by noble metals or other electrocatalysts such as, for example, Raney nickel or sulfur-containing nickel. Electrochemical cells for alkali chloride electrolysis additionally contain a diaphragm or a cation exchange membrane, which separate the anode and cathode compartments. Cation exchange membranes, that is perfluorinated membranes containing sulfonic acid or carboxyl groups, are preferably used if high-purity sodium hydroxide solution is to be obtained. The membranes are cation-selective, i.e. only allow sodium ions to pass through during sodium chloride electrolysis, whereas the chloride ions remain in the anode compartment.

In der Praxis werden aus solchen Elektrolysezellen, die aus Anodenraum mit Anode, Kathodenraum mit Kathode und Kationenaustauscher-Membran bestehen, größere Elektrolyseure zusammenstellt, die aus einer Vielzahl von Einzelzellen bestehen können. Solche Elektrolyseure können monopolar oder bipolar geschaltet sein. Bevorzugt ist die bipolare Schaltung, da hiermit sehr große Zelleneinheiten betrieben werden können.In practice, such electrolysis cells, which consist of an anode compartment with anode, cathode compartment with cathode and a cation exchange membrane, are used to assemble larger electrolyzers, which can consist of a large number of individual cells. Such electrolysers can be switched monopolar or bipolar. The bipolar circuit is preferred since very large cell units can be operated with it.

Schwierigkeiten treten aber beim Stromübergang von Zelle zu Zelle auf. Wegen der unterschiedlichen Materialien von Kathodenraum und Anodenraum, über deren jeweilge Rückwand die Stromleitung erfolgt, und vor allem wegen der Passivierung des Titans in Luftatmosphäre, treten große übergangswiderstände und damit erhebliche Spannungsverluste auf.However, difficulties arise in the current transfer from cell to cell. Because of the different materials of the cathode compartment and the anode compartment, through whose respective rear wall the power is conducted, and above all because of the passivation of the titanium in an air atmosphere, there are large contact resistances and thus considerable voltage losses.

Es bestannd daher die Aufgabe, eine elektrochemische Zelle zur Verfügung zu stellen, die aus einfachen Bausteinen besteht und zu großen Elektrolyseuren zusammengestellt werden kann, und die bei bipolarer Schaltung eine optimale Stromleitung von Zelle zu Zelle gewährleistet.It is therefore the task of providing an electrochemical cell which consists of simple building blocks and can be put together to form large electrolysers and which ensures optimal current conduction from cell to cell in the case of bipolar switching.

Die Erfindung, wie sie in den Patentansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, löst die Aufgabe dadurch, daß zwischen zwei Halbschalen mit als Flansch ausgebildeten Rändern, von denen eine eine Anode und die zweite eine Kathode trägt, mindestens ein Element mit der Form einer Doppelwanne angeordnet ist, die aus einem gemeinsamen Boden und einer durch den Boden in ihrer Höhe geteilten seitlichen Wand gebildet wird, deren Ränder mit Flanschen versehen sind, die Anode und die Kathode, die durch den Boden räumlich voneinander getrennt sind, mit der Wand und Streben die beidseitig senkrecht aus dem Boden herausragen elektrisch leitend verbunden sind, zwischen den Flanschen der Halbschalen und des Elements die Trennwände eingeklemmt und Dichtungselemente so angeordnet sind, daß zwischen Trennwand und Kathode ein Hohlraum entsteht.The invention, as characterized in the claims, solves the problem in that at least one element with the shape of a double trough is arranged between two half-shells with edges designed as a flange, one of which carries an anode and the second a cathode the anode and the cathode, which are spatially separated from one another by the wall, and the struts which are perpendicular on both sides from the common floor and a side wall divided by the floor in height, the edges of which are provided with flanges Protrude from the bottom are electrically connected, the partition walls are clamped between the flanges of the half-shells and the element Sealing elements are arranged so that a cavity is formed between the partition and the cathode.

In einer Ausgestaltung können zwischen den Halbschalen zwei und mehr Elemente angeordnet sein. Zwischen den Flanschen der Elemente ist die Trennwand eingeklemmt und ein Dichtungselement so angeordnet, daß zwischen Trennwand und Kathode ein Hohlraum entsteht. Zwischen Trennwand und Kathode kann ein Abstandshalter angeordnet sein und das Dichtungselement Ausnehmungen aufweisen, die den Hohlraum zwischen Trennwand und Kathode mit Einrichtungen zum Zu- und Abführen des Katholyten verbindet. Für die Halbschalen und Elemente kann Titan als Werkstoff verwendet werden. Als Anode eignet sich Titan, das mit einem Oxid oder Mischoxid der Metalle der 8. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems aktiviert ist.In one embodiment, two or more elements can be arranged between the half-shells. The partition is clamped between the flanges of the elements and a sealing element is arranged so that a cavity is formed between the partition and the cathode. A spacer can be arranged between the partition wall and the cathode and the sealing element can have recesses which connect the cavity between the partition wall and the cathode with devices for supplying and removing the catholyte. Titanium can be used as the material for the half-shells and elements. Suitable as anode is titanium, which is activated with an oxide or mixed oxide of the metals of subgroup 8 of the periodic table.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von lediglich einen Ausführungsweg darstellenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Figur 1 einen Schnitt durch einen Elektrolyseur der aus drei bipolaren Zellen besteht (zwei Elemente gemäß Figur 2 zwischen den Halbschalen)
  • Figur 2 einen Schnitt durch ein Element
  • Figur 3 einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt "Z" von Figur 1
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of drawings which illustrate only one embodiment. It shows
  • 1 shows a section through an electrolyzer consisting of three bipolar cells (two elements according to FIG. 2 between the half-shells)
  • Figure 2 shows a section through an element
  • 3 shows an enlarged detail "Z" from FIG. 1

Zwischen den Halbschalen 1 und 2, deren Ränder als Flansche 3 und 3 a ausgebildet sind und von denen die eine eine Anode 4 und die andere ein Gasdiffusionskathode 5 trägt, wie sie beispielsweise in der deutschen Patentanmeldung P 33 32 566.9 beschrieben ist, ist mindestens ein Element 6 angeordnet. Das Element 6 besitzt die Form einer Doppelwanne, die aus einem gemeinsamen Boden 7 und einer durch den Boden in inrer Höhe geteilten seitlichen Wand 8 gebildet wird. Der Boden 7 kann auch asymmetrisch angeordnet sein, so daß die Wannen unterschiedlich tief ausfallen. Die Ränder der Wand, also die freien Enden sind mit Flanschen 9 und 10 versehen. Der Flansch 9 bzw. das an ihn angrenzende Wandteil trägt jeweils eine Anode 4 und der Flansch 10 bzw. das daran angrenzende Wandteil jeweils eine Kathode 5. Der durch die Anode 4 und die Wanne gebildete Raum ist der Anodenraum 11 und der durch die Kathode 5 und die Wanne gebildete Raum der Gasraum 12. Im Anodenraum 11 und Gasraum 12 sind Streben 13 angeordnet, die senkrecht aus dem Boden herausragen und die Elektroden 4 und 5 elektrisch leitend mit dem Boden 7 verbinden. Zwischen den Flanschen 3, 3a, 9, 10 der Halbschalen 1,2 und der Elemente 6 sind Trennwände 14 wie Ionenaustauschermembranen, Diaphragmen etc. und Dichtungselemente 15 angeordnet. Das Dichtungselement besteht aus einem laugebeständigen Material, bevorzugt PTFE. Das Dichtungselement 15 ist bezüglich seiner Dicke so bemessen, daß zwischen Trennwand 14 und Kathode 5 ein Hohlraum 16, der Kathodenraum entsteht. Es kann zweckmäßig sein, zwischen Trennwand 14 und Kathode 5 im Hohlraum 16 einen Abstandshalter 17 anzuordnen, der einen gleichmäßigen Abstand der Kathode von der Trennwand einstellt. Der Abstandshalter besteht aus einem laugebeständigen Material wie beispielsweise PTFE oder Nickel. Bevorzugt ist eine Kathodenraumtiefe von etwa 2 bis 3 mm, besonders bevorzugt 0,5 bis 1 mm. Das Dichtungselement 15 kann mit Ausnehmungen 18 versehen sein, die den Hohlraum 16 mit Einrichtungen 19 zum Zu-und Abführen des Katholyten verbinden. Anolyt wird über die Leitungen 20 zu- bzw. abgeführt und Gas (Luft, Sauerstoff) für die Sauerstoffverzehrkathode über die Leitungen 21. Die Halbschalen 1, 2 und die Elemene 6 werden mittels in Büchsen 22 aus elektrisch isolierendem Material geführten Schrauben 23 verbunden. Die Stromzuführungen sind mit plus und minus gekennzeichnet. Die Trennwand 14 kann auf der Anode 4 aufliegen.Between the half-shells 1 and 2, the edges of which are designed as flanges 3 and 3 a and of which one carries an anode 4 and the other a gas diffusion cathode 5, as described for example in German patent application P 33 32 566.9, is at least one Element 6 arranged. The element 6 has the shape of a double trough, which consists of a common floor 7 and one divided by the floor at its height side wall 8 is formed. The bottom 7 can also be arranged asymmetrically, so that the tubs are of different depths. The edges of the wall, i.e. the free ends, are provided with flanges 9 and 10. The flange 9 or the wall part adjoining it each carries an anode 4 and the flange 10 or the wall part adjoining it each carries a cathode 5. The space formed by the anode 4 and the trough is the anode space 11 and that by the cathode 5 and the trough formed space the gas space 12. In the anode space 11 and gas space 12 struts 13 are arranged which protrude vertically from the floor and connect the electrodes 4 and 5 to the floor 7 in an electrically conductive manner. Partitions 14 such as ion exchange membranes, diaphragms etc. and sealing elements 15 are arranged between the flanges 3, 3a, 9, 10 of the half-shells 1, 2 and the elements 6. The sealing element consists of an alkali-resistant material, preferably PTFE. The thickness of the sealing element 15 is such that a cavity 16, the cathode space, is created between the partition 14 and the cathode 5. It may be expedient to arrange a spacer 17 between the partition wall 14 and the cathode 5 in the cavity 16, which spacer sets a uniform distance between the cathode and the partition wall. The spacer is made of an alkali-resistant material such as PTFE or nickel. A cathode space depth of about 2 to 3 mm is preferred, particularly preferably 0.5 to 1 mm. The sealing element 15 can be provided with recesses 18 which connect the cavity 16 with devices 19 for feeding and removing the catholyte. Anolyte is supplied and discharged via the lines 20 and gas (air, oxygen) for the oxygen consumable cathode via the lines 21. The half-shells 1, 2 and the elements 6 are connected by means of screws 23 guided in bushings 22 made of electrically insulating material. The power supplies are marked with plus and minus. The partition 14 can rest on the anode 4.

Claims (6)

1. Bipolarer Elektrolyseapparat mit Sauerstoffverzehrkathode zum Herstellen von Chlor aus wässeriger Alkalichloridlösung mit Einrichtungen zum Zuführen des Elektrolysestromes und der Elektrolyseeingangsprodukte und zum Abführen der Elektrolyseausgangsprodukte, bei dem Anode und Kathode durch eine Trennwand voneinander getrennt angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen zwei Halbschalen (1,2) mit als Flansch (3,3a) ausgebildeten Rändern, von denen eine eine Anode (4) und die zweite eine Kathode (5) trägt, mindestens ein Element (6) mit der Form einer Doppelwanne angeordnet ist, die aus einem gemeinsamen Boden (7) und einer durch den Boden in ihrer Höhe geteilten seitlichen Wand (8) gebildet wird, deren Ränder mit Flanschen (9,10) versehen sind, die Anode (4) und die Kathode (5), die durch den Boden (7) räumlich voneinander getrennt sind, mit der Wand (8) und Streben (13), die beidseitig senkrecht aus dem Boden (7) herausragen, elektrisch leitend verbunden sind, zwischen den Flanschen (3,3a, 9, 10) der Halbschalen (1,2) und des Elements (6) die Trennwände (14) eingeklemmt und Dichtungselemente (15) so angeordnet sind, daß zwischen Trennwand (14) und Kathode (5) ein Hohlraum (16) entsteht.1.Bipolar electrolysis apparatus with an oxygen consumable cathode for producing chlorine from aqueous alkali metal chloride solution with devices for supplying the electrolysis current and the electrolysis input products and for removing the electrolysis output products, in which the anode and cathode are arranged separated from one another by a partition, characterized in that between two half-shells (1 , 2) with edges designed as a flange (3,3a), one of which carries an anode (4) and the second a cathode (5), at least one element (6) with the shape of a double trough is arranged, which consists of a common Bottom (7) and a side wall (8) divided in height by the bottom, the edges of which are provided with flanges (9, 10), the anode (4) and the cathode (5) which are passed through the bottom ( 7) are spatially separated from each other, with the wall (8) and struts (13), which protrude vertically on both sides from the floor (7), are electrically conductively connected between the F flanges (3,3a, 9, 10) of the half-shells (1,2) and the element (6) the partitions (14) are clamped in and sealing elements (15) are arranged in such a way that between the partition (14) and cathode (5) Cavity (16) is created. 2. Elektrolyseapparat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Elemente (6) zwischen den Halbschalen (1,2) angeordnet sind und zwischen den Flanschen (10,11) der Elemente (6) eine Trennwand (14) eingeklemmt und ein Dichtungselement (15) so angeordnet ist, daß zwischen Trennwand (14) und Kathode (5) ein Hohlraum (16) entsteht.2. Electrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that two elements (6) are arranged between the half-shells (1, 2) and a partition (14) is clamped between the flanges (10, 11) of the elements (6) and a sealing element ( 15) is arranged such that a cavity (16) is formed between the partition (14) and the cathode (5). 3. Elektrolyseapparat nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen Trennwand (14) und Kathode (5) ein Abstandshalter (17) angeordnet ist und das Dichtungselement (15) Ausnehmungen (18) aufweist, die den Hohlraum (16) zwischen Trennwand (14) und Kathode (5) mit Einrichtungen (19) zum Zu- und Abführen des Katholyten verbindet.3. Electrolysis apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a spacer (17) is arranged between the partition (14) and cathode (5) and the sealing element (15) has recesses (18) which the cavity (16) between the partition (14) and cathode (5) with devices (19) for supplying and removing the catholyte. 4. Elektrolyseapparat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Halbschalen (1,2) und die Elemente (6) als Werkstoff Titan verwendet wird.4. Electrolysis apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that titanium is used as the material for the half-shells (1, 2) and the elements (6). 5. Elektrolyseapparat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Anode (4) eine Titananode verwendet wird, die mit einem Oxid oder Mischoxid der Metalle der 8. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems aktiviert ist.5. Electrolysis apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a titanium anode is used as the anode (4), which is activated with an oxide or mixed oxide of the metals of the 8th subgroup of the periodic table. 6. Elektrolyseapparat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Kathode 5 eine Gasdiffusionskathode verwendet wird, die aus einem Stromkollektor aus Nickelgewebe besteht, welches mit einem porösen kolloidalen Silberkatalysator, welcher auf Polytetrafluorethylen abgeschieden ist, beschichtet ist, und auf der Langseite eine hydrophile Deckschicht besitzt.6. Electrolysis apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a gas diffusion cathode is used as cathode 5, which consists of a current collector made of nickel fabric, which is coated with a porous colloidal silver catalyst which is deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene, and on the Long side has a hydrophilic top layer.
EP85106418A 1984-06-01 1985-05-24 Bipolar apparatus for electrolysis using a gas diffusion cathode Expired EP0168600B1 (en)

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AT85106418T ATE36562T1 (en) 1984-06-01 1985-05-24 BIPOLAR ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE WITH GAS DIFFUSION CATHODE.

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DE3420483 1984-06-01
DE19843420483 DE3420483A1 (en) 1984-06-01 1984-06-01 BIPOLAR ELECTROLYSIS WITH GAS DIFFUSION CATHODE

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ES543698A0 (en) 1986-06-01
CA1258045A (en) 1989-08-01
ATE36562T1 (en) 1988-09-15
NO852207L (en) 1985-12-02
FI79145C (en) 1989-11-10
NO163909B (en) 1990-04-30
EP0168600B1 (en) 1988-08-17
BR8502618A (en) 1986-02-04
ES8607425A1 (en) 1986-06-01
AU566360B2 (en) 1987-10-15
DE3564454D1 (en) 1988-09-22
AU4321185A (en) 1985-12-05
JPS60258489A (en) 1985-12-20
MX159262A (en) 1989-05-09
DE3420483A1 (en) 1985-12-05
FI79145B (en) 1989-07-31
NO163909C (en) 1990-08-08
EP0168600A3 (en) 1986-03-19
US4584080A (en) 1986-04-22

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