EP0165860B1 - Axial locking device for a rotor blade of a turbo machine - Google Patents

Axial locking device for a rotor blade of a turbo machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0165860B1
EP0165860B1 EP85401152A EP85401152A EP0165860B1 EP 0165860 B1 EP0165860 B1 EP 0165860B1 EP 85401152 A EP85401152 A EP 85401152A EP 85401152 A EP85401152 A EP 85401152A EP 0165860 B1 EP0165860 B1 EP 0165860B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disc
blade
locking ring
axial
blade root
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85401152A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0165860A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Marc Surdi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
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Publication date
Application filed by Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA filed Critical Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
Publication of EP0165860A1 publication Critical patent/EP0165860A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0165860B1 publication Critical patent/EP0165860B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/32—Locking, e.g. by final locking blades or keys
    • F01D5/323—Locking of axial insertion type blades by means of a key or the like parallel to the axis of the rotor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an axial locking device for a turbomachine blade.
  • Document FR-A-2 345 605 constitutes the state of the art closest to the invention and has served as a basis for establishing the preamble of the main claim of the present invention.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by using a device allowing unitary disassembly of the blades.
  • a locking ring having regularly spaced notches in each of which is inserted an axial protuberance of each blade root projecting downstream of the disc and said axial protuberance of the blade root has on its sides two radial grooves which cooperate with the edges of the notches of the locking ring by lifting the blade foot under the action of the wedge.
  • This locking device makes it possible, compared to French patent 2,507,679, to use a simplified disc and to avoid the presence of teeth both on the blades and on the disc, the realization of which is difficult.
  • the device according to the invention allows unitary disassembly of the blades unlike known collective locks which require unlocking of an entire sector to disassemble a blade.
  • the locking ring according to the invention which is in one piece does not add any additional force to the disc supporting it unlike sectored rings whose centrifugal forces are taken up by the disc.
  • the embodiment in which the locking ring is integrated into the compressor drum has the advantage of a further reduction in the number of parts because the attachment of the disc to the drum is achieved by means of the ring of locking.
  • Figure 1 there is shown a disc 1 of a turbomachine rotor having at the upper part of the upstream face a rim which is smooth, the lower part of the rim having a flange 2 on which is fixed a conical front cover 3 .
  • the rim of the disc 1 On its downstream face the rim of the disc 1 has a radial flange 5 which is intended for fixing, by bolts 6 of a locking ring 7 and of a sealing ring 8.
  • the sealing ring 8 comes to bear on the downstream edge of the platform 9 of the vanes 10 and its internal edge on the drum 11 of the intermediate compressor.
  • a lower flange 12 is also provided on the downstream face of the rim of the disc 1 and on this flange is fixed the drum 11 of the low pressure compressor.
  • Each blade 10 is mounted on the disk 1 by means of a foot 13 with a section in the shape of a dovetail and which is slidably engaged in a cell 4 of the disk, said blade foot 13 being locked radially by a wedge 14 engaged between said foot 13 of the blade and the bottom of the cell 4.
  • the wedge 14 bears on one side against a stop 15 of the front cover 3 and on the other side against a flange 16 of the drum 11.
  • the rear part of the blade root 13 is extended by an axial protuberance 17 which is engaged in one of the notches 18 ( Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5) provided in the locking ring 7, said notches are regularly spaced in number equal to that of the blades.
  • the notches 18 of the ring 7 are located opposite the cells 4 of the disc rim and their sides partially mask each side of the cells 4.
  • the axial protuberance 17 which projects beyond the downstream face of the disc has two radial grooves 19, 19a machined on the sides of said protuberance ( Figures 3 and 5).
  • the grooves 19, 19a are engaged on the edges of the notch 18 of the locking ring 7 during the lifting of the foot 13 of the blade under the action of the wedge 14 thus ensuring the axial locking of the blade 10 .
  • the rear part of the foot 13 is extended by a radial protuberance 20 which can come to bear against the bottom of the notch 18, in the case of loss of a blade.
  • Each blade 10 is inserted from front to back into the corresponding socket 4 of the disc, until the rear face of the stilt comes to bear on the ring.
  • the front cover 3 is mounted on the flange 2 which axially locks the shims 4 in abutment against the flange 15.
  • the cover 3 is removed and the shim 14 is deposited, which has the effect of allowing the blade to descend to the bottom of the cell 4 and to release the rear part and the protuberance 17 of the locking ring 7.
  • the locking ring 7 is integrated into the drum 22 of the low pressure compressor and forms only one piece with it.
  • the ring 7 has, as previously, indentations 18 in which is engaged by radial grooves 19, 19a the protuberance 17 of the foot 13 of the dawn.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de verrouillage axial d'une aube de turbomachine.The present invention relates to an axial locking device for a turbomachine blade.

Par les brevets français 2 507 679 et 2 345 605, il est connu d'utiliser un dispositif de verrouillage axial d'une aube de turbomachine dans lequel l'aube est déplacée radialement vers l'extérieur par l'introduction d'une cale sous son pied. Par ce déplacement des butées transversales saillantes, solidaires de l'échasse ou du pied viennent en prise avec des portées sur la jante de façon à empêcher tout déplacement axial de l'aube. Ce dispositif a pour avantage de permettre un démontage unitaire des aubes, toutefois, il nécessite un assez grand nombre de pièces et la réalisation de dents sur les aubes et le disque dont la réalisation est difficile.By French patents 2,507,679 and 2,345,605, it is known to use an axial locking device for a turbomachine blade in which the blade is moved radially outward by the introduction of a wedge under his foot. By this displacement of the protruding transverse stops, integral with the stilt or the foot come into engagement with bearing surfaces on the rim so as to prevent any axial displacement of the blade. This device has the advantage of allowing a unitary disassembly of the blades, however, it requires a fairly large number of parts and the production of teeth on the blades and the disk, the production of which is difficult.

Par ailleurs, il existe un risque d'oubli au montage de l'un des verrous dont l'absence ne peut être constatée après montage.Furthermore, there is a risk of forgetting to mount one of the locks, the absence of which cannot be observed after mounting.

On connait également des dispositifs de verrouillage axial d'aubes dans lesquels on utilise des verrous collectifs, toutefois pour démonter une aube il faut déverrouiller tout un secteur. Par ailleurs, les anneaux sectorisés ajoutent un effort supplémentaire au disque du fait que les efforts centrifuges sont repris par celui-ci.There are also known axial blade locking devices in which collective locks are used, however to disassemble a blade it is necessary to unlock an entire sector. Furthermore, the sectorized rings add an additional force to the disc because the centrifugal forces are taken up by the latter.

Le document FR-A-2 345 605 constitue l'état de la technique le plus proche de l'invention et a servi de base à l'établissement du préambule de la revendication principale de la présente invention.Document FR-A-2 345 605 constitutes the state of the art closest to the invention and has served as a basis for establishing the preamble of the main claim of the present invention.

La présente invention a pour objet de remédier à ces inconvénients en utilisant un dispositif permettant un démontage unitaire des aubes.The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by using a device allowing unitary disassembly of the blades.

Conformément à la présente invention, sur la face aval du disque est fixé un anneau de verrouillage présentant des échancrures régulièrement espacées dans chacune desquelles est insérée une protubérance axiale de chaque pied d'aube faisant saillie vers l'aval du disque et ladite protubérance axiale du pied d'aube présente sur ses flancs deux saignées radiales qui coopèrent avec les bords des échancrures de l'anneau de verrouillage par le soulèvement du pied de l'aube sous l'action de la cale.In accordance with the present invention, on the downstream face of the disc is fixed a locking ring having regularly spaced notches in each of which is inserted an axial protuberance of each blade root projecting downstream of the disc and said axial protuberance of the blade root has on its sides two radial grooves which cooperate with the edges of the notches of the locking ring by lifting the blade foot under the action of the wedge.

Ce dispositif de verrouillage permet par rapport au brevet français 2 507 679 d'utiliser un disque simplifié et d'éviter la présence de dents tant sur les aubes que sur le disque, dont la réalisation est difficile.This locking device makes it possible, compared to French patent 2,507,679, to use a simplified disc and to avoid the presence of teeth both on the blades and on the disc, the realization of which is difficult.

Il est également possible dans une variante de l'invention d'associer le verrou à la fixation du disque sur le tambour.It is also possible in a variant of the invention to associate the lock with the fixing of the disc on the drum.

Avec le dispositif suivant l'invention, il est possible de combiner sur la protubérance axiale du pied de l'aube la fonction de la surface d'appui radial pour absorber les déformations des alvéoles lors de la perte d'une aube.With the device according to the invention, it is possible to combine on the axial protuberance of the root of the blade the function of the radial bearing surface to absorb the deformations of the cells when a blade is lost.

Le dispositif suivant l'invention permet un démontage unitaire des aubes contrairement aux verrous collectifs connus qui nécessitent un déverrouillage de tout un secteur pour démonter une aube.The device according to the invention allows unitary disassembly of the blades unlike known collective locks which require unlocking of an entire sector to disassemble a blade.

L'anneau de verrouillage suivant l'invention qui est en une seule pièce n'ajoute pas d'effort supplémentaire au disque le supportant contrairement aux anneaux sectorisés dont les efforts centrifuges sont repris par le disque.The locking ring according to the invention which is in one piece does not add any additional force to the disc supporting it unlike sectored rings whose centrifugal forces are taken up by the disc.

Enfin, le mode de réalisation dans lequel l'anneau de verrouillage est intégré au tambour du compresseur présente l'avantage d'une réduction supplémentaire du nombre de pièces car la solidarisation du disque au tambour est réalisée par l'intermédiaire de l'anneau de verrouillage.Finally, the embodiment in which the locking ring is integrated into the compressor drum has the advantage of a further reduction in the number of parts because the attachment of the disc to the drum is achieved by means of the ring of locking.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris a la lecture de la description qui va suivre de plusieurs modes de réalisation et en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du dispositif de fixation d'une aube sur le disque rotor d'une turbomachine,
  • - la figure 2 est une vue de dessus d'un alvéole du disque incliné de 10° par rapport à l'axe du disque,
  • - la figure 3 est une vue de face arrière de l'anneau de verrouillage,
  • - la figure 4 est une vue en plan de l'anneau de verrouillage et de la partie en aval du pied de l'aube,
  • - la figure 5 est une vue en coupe du pied de l'aube et de la protubérance engagée dans l'anneau de verrouillage,
  • - la figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une variante de réalisation de l'anneau de verrouillage intégré au tambour du compresseur basse pression.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the following description of several embodiments and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal section of the device for fixing a blade on the rotor disc of a turbomachine,
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a cell of the disc inclined by 10 ° relative to the axis of the disc,
  • FIG. 3 is a rear front view of the locking ring,
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the locking ring and of the part downstream from the root of the blade,
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the foot of the blade and of the protuberance engaged in the locking ring,
  • - Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the locking ring integrated into the drum of the low pressure compressor.

A la figure 1 on a représenté un disque 1 d'un rotor de turbomachine présentant à la partie supérieure de la face amont une jante qui est lisse, la partie inférieure de la jante comportant une bride 2 sur laquelle est fixé un capot avant cônique 3.In Figure 1 there is shown a disc 1 of a turbomachine rotor having at the upper part of the upstream face a rim which is smooth, the lower part of the rim having a flange 2 on which is fixed a conical front cover 3 .

Dans la jante du disque 1 sont usinés par brochage des alvéoles 4 qui sont inclinés de 10° par rapport à l'axe du disque (Figure 2) ou qui sont parallèles à l'axe du disque (Figure 4). Ces alvéoles présentent en section la forme d'une queue d'aronde.In the rim of the disc 1 are machined by pinning of the cells 4 which are inclined by 10 ° relative to the axis of the disc (Figure 2) or which are parallel to the axis of the disc (Figure 4). These cells have in section the shape of a dovetail.

Sur sa face aval la jante du disque 1 comporte une bride radiale 5 qui est destinée à la fixation, par des boulons 6 d'un anneau de verrouillage 7 et d'un anneau d'étanchéité 8.On its downstream face the rim of the disc 1 has a radial flange 5 which is intended for fixing, by bolts 6 of a locking ring 7 and of a sealing ring 8.

L'anneau d'étanchéité 8 vient porter sur le bord aval de la plateforme 9 des aubes 10 et son bord interne sur le tambour 11 du compresseur intermédiaire.The sealing ring 8 comes to bear on the downstream edge of the platform 9 of the vanes 10 and its internal edge on the drum 11 of the intermediate compressor.

Une bride inférieure 12 est également prévue sur la face aval de la jante du disque 1 et sur cette bride est fixé le tambour 11 du compresseur basse pression.A lower flange 12 is also provided on the downstream face of the rim of the disc 1 and on this flange is fixed the drum 11 of the low pressure compressor.

Chaque aube 10 est montée sur le disque 1 au moyen d'un pied 13 à section en forme de queue d'aronde et qui est engagé par coulissement dans un alvéole 4 du disque, ledit pied 13 d'aube étant verrouillé radialement par une cale 14 engagée entre ledit pied 13 d'aube et le fond de l'alvéole 4.Each blade 10 is mounted on the disk 1 by means of a foot 13 with a section in the shape of a dovetail and which is slidably engaged in a cell 4 of the disk, said blade foot 13 being locked radially by a wedge 14 engaged between said foot 13 of the blade and the bottom of the cell 4.

La cale 14 est en appui d'un côté contre une butée 15 du capot avant 3 et de l'autre côté contre une bride 16 du tambour 11.The wedge 14 bears on one side against a stop 15 of the front cover 3 and on the other side against a flange 16 of the drum 11.

La partie arrière du pied 13 d'aube est prolongée par une protubérance axiale 17 qui est engagée dans l'une des échancrures 18 (Figures 1, 3, 4 et 5) prévues dans l'anneau de verrouillage 7, lesdites échancrures sont régulièrement espacées en nombre égal à celui des aubes.The rear part of the blade root 13 is extended by an axial protuberance 17 which is engaged in one of the notches 18 (Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5) provided in the locking ring 7, said notches are regularly spaced in number equal to that of the blades.

Les échancrures 18 de l'anneau 7 sont situées en face des alvéoles 4 de la jante du disque et leurs flancs masquent partiellement chaque côté des alvéoles 4.The notches 18 of the ring 7 are located opposite the cells 4 of the disc rim and their sides partially mask each side of the cells 4.

La protubérance axiale 17 qui fait saillie au-delà de la face aval du disque présente deux saignées radiales 19, 19a usinées sur les flancs de ladite protubérance (Figures 3 et 5). Les saignées 19, 19a sont engagées sur les bords de l'échancrure 18 de l'anneau de verrouillage 7 lors du soulèvement du pied 13 de l'aube sous l'action de la cale 14 assurant ainsi le verrouillage axial de l'aube 10.The axial protuberance 17 which projects beyond the downstream face of the disc has two radial grooves 19, 19a machined on the sides of said protuberance (Figures 3 and 5). The grooves 19, 19a are engaged on the edges of the notch 18 of the locking ring 7 during the lifting of the foot 13 of the blade under the action of the wedge 14 thus ensuring the axial locking of the blade 10 .

Par ailleurs, la partie arrière du pied 13 est prolongée par une protubérance radiale 20 qui peut venir en appui contre le fond de l'échancrure 18, dans le cas de perte d'une aube.Furthermore, the rear part of the foot 13 is extended by a radial protuberance 20 which can come to bear against the bottom of the notch 18, in the case of loss of a blade.

Pour procéder au montage des aubes 10 sur le disque 1, les anneaux de verrouillage 7 et d'étanchéité 8 sont présentés sur le disque 1 et fixés au moyen de boulons 6.To mount the blades 10 on the disc 1, the locking rings 7 and sealing rings 8 are presented on the disc 1 and fixed by means of bolts 6.

Chaque aube 10 est insérée d'avant en arrière dans l'alvéole 4 correspondant du disque, jusqu'à ce que la face arrière de l'échasse vienne en appui sur l'anneau.Each blade 10 is inserted from front to back into the corresponding socket 4 of the disc, until the rear face of the stilt comes to bear on the ring.

Sous le pied 13 de l'aube on insère une cale 14, jusqu'à ce qu'elle vienne en butée contre la bride 16, ce qui a pour effet :

  • - de remonter l'aube 10 radialement et de plaquer la face supérieure du pied 13 contre la paroi supérieure de l'alvéole 4,
  • - de faire pénétrer les flancs de l'échancrure 18 de l'anneau 7 dans les saignées radiales 19,19a du pied 13 de l'aube.
Under the foot 13 of the blade, a wedge 14 is inserted, until it comes into abutment against the flange 16, which has the effect:
  • - wind the blade 10 radially and press the upper face of the foot 13 against the upper wall of the cell 4,
  • - To penetrate the sides of the notch 18 of the ring 7 in the radial grooves 19,19a of the foot 13 of the dawn.

Enfin, le capot avant 3 est monté sur la bride 2 ce qui verrouille axialement les cales 4 en butée contre la bride 15.Finally, the front cover 3 is mounted on the flange 2 which axially locks the shims 4 in abutment against the flange 15.

Pour démonter une aube 10, on enlève le capot 3 et on dépose la cale 14, ce qui a pour effet de permettre la descente de l'aube au fond de l'alvéole 4 et de libérer la partie arrière et la protubérance 17 de l'anneau de verrouillage 7.To dismantle a blade 10, the cover 3 is removed and the shim 14 is deposited, which has the effect of allowing the blade to descend to the bottom of the cell 4 and to release the rear part and the protuberance 17 of the locking ring 7.

Il est alors possible d'extraire l'aube 10 vers l'avant du disque.It is then possible to extract the blade 10 towards the front of the disc.

Suivant un autre mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 6, l'anneau 7 de verrouillage est intégré au tambour 22 du compresseur basse pression et ne forme qu'une seule pièce avec celui-ci.According to another embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the locking ring 7 is integrated into the drum 22 of the low pressure compressor and forms only one piece with it.

L'anneau 7 présente comme précédemment des échancrures 18 dans lesquelles est engagée par des saignées radiales 19, 19a la protubérance 17 du pied 13 de l'aube.The ring 7 has, as previously, indentations 18 in which is engaged by radial grooves 19, 19a the protuberance 17 of the foot 13 of the dawn.

Claims (3)

1. Axial locking device for a rotor blade of a turbo-machine, in which the rim of the rotor disc has substantially axial dovetail-shaped section cavities which receive the blade roots of corresponding shape, which are locked radially by wedges placed between the blade root and the base of the cavity and on the downstream surface of the disc (1) of which a locking ring (7) is fixed, characterised in that the locking ring has uniformly spaced notches (18) into each of which there is inserted an axial protuberance (17) of each blade root (13) projecting towards the downstream direction of the disc (1) and in that said axial projection (17) of the blade root (13) has on its flanks two radial projections (19, 19a) which co-operate with the edges of the notches (18) of the locking ring (7) by lifting of the blade root (13) by the action of the wedge (14).
2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the locking ring (7) is held clamped by means of bolts (6) between the disc (1) and a sealing ring (8) which bears by its outer edge on the downstream edge of the platforms (9) of the blades (10) and by its inner edge on the low-pressure compressor drum (11).
3. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the locking ring (7) having notches (18) is built into the low-pressure compressor drum (22).
EP85401152A 1984-06-14 1985-06-12 Axial locking device for a rotor blade of a turbo machine Expired EP0165860B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8409286 1984-06-14
FR8409286A FR2566061B1 (en) 1984-06-14 1984-06-14 AXIAL LOCKING DEVICE OF A TURBOMACHINE BLADE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0165860A1 EP0165860A1 (en) 1985-12-27
EP0165860B1 true EP0165860B1 (en) 1988-03-16

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EP85401152A Expired EP0165860B1 (en) 1984-06-14 1985-06-12 Axial locking device for a rotor blade of a turbo machine

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US (1) US4604033A (en)
EP (1) EP0165860B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6111404A (en)
DE (1) DE3561897D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2566061B1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DE3561897D1 (en) 1988-04-21
JPH0340204B2 (en) 1991-06-18
FR2566061A1 (en) 1985-12-20
JPS6111404A (en) 1986-01-18
EP0165860A1 (en) 1985-12-27
FR2566061B1 (en) 1988-09-02
US4604033A (en) 1986-08-05

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