EP0159234A1 - Procédé et installation de traitement d'un site de stockage - Google Patents
Procédé et installation de traitement d'un site de stockage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0159234A1 EP0159234A1 EP19850400512 EP85400512A EP0159234A1 EP 0159234 A1 EP0159234 A1 EP 0159234A1 EP 19850400512 EP19850400512 EP 19850400512 EP 85400512 A EP85400512 A EP 85400512A EP 0159234 A1 EP0159234 A1 EP 0159234A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- site
- passages
- tank
- nitrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B57/00—Tank or cargo hold cleaning specially adapted for vessels
- B63B57/04—Tank or cargo hold cleaning specially adapted for vessels by ventilating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/22—Safety features
- B65D90/30—Recovery of escaped vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/22—Safety features
- B65D90/38—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers
- B65D90/44—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers by use of inert gas for filling space above liquid or between contents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
- F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0248—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming, maintenance; Back-up mode or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0157—Compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
- F17C2227/044—Methods for emptying or filling by purging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an installation for treating a storage site, in particular for purging and inerting tanks. It applies in particular to the purging and inerting of tanks of vessels carrying liquefied natural gas (LNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). However, it can also be applied to the purging and inerting of other types of tanks containing volatile flammable, polluting and / or expensive products.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- LPG liquefied petroleum gas
- this purging operation which is often called “deballasting" takes place in two stages: bringing the tanks to room temperature, at sea, then, at the quay, injecting a neutral gas such as nitrogen.
- a neutral gas such as nitrogen.
- the combustible gas expelled from the tanks under the pressure of nitrogen, consisting of light hydrocarbons, is sent to the flare.
- fuel gas is also injected into the mixture leaving the tanks so as to obtain a stable combustible mixture at the flare until the deballasting is completely stopped.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method and an installation making it possible to economically recover most of the gaseous products expelled from the storage site during the purging.
- a process for treating a storage site in particular for purging and inerting a reservoir, of the type in which a gaseous product contained in said site is expelled by injecting nitrogen therein, characterized in that an indirect heat exchange is carried out between the gas leaving said site and liquid nitrogen, so as to partially condense this gas, and in that it is injected into said site nitrogen gas resulting from this vaporization of liquid nitrogen.
- the invention also relates to an installation for treating a storage site, in particular for purging and inerting of tanks, intended for the implementation of such a process.
- This installation includes: a phase separator; a storage container communicating with the phase separator; and an indirect heat exchanger comprising first passages intended to be connected upstream to said site and connected downstream to the separator, and second passages connected upstream to a source of liquid nitrogen and intended to be connected downstream to said site.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 schematically illustrate four alternative embodiments of the method according to the invention.
- an installation intended to purge for inerting a tank 1 which is for example a tank of LNG or LPG transport ship.
- the installation comprises an indirect heat exchanger 2 against the current, a phase separator 3 and a container 4 for storing the recovered liquid products.
- the exchanger 2 comprises first passages 5 connected upstream to the tank 1 and downstream to the separator 3, and second passages 6 connected upstream to a source of liquid nitrogen and downstream to the tank 1 by l intermediate of a pipe 7.
- a pipe 8 is provided on the pipe 7 provided with a valve 9 controlled by the pressure prevailing in the pipe 7.
- a pipe 10 for supplying auxiliary nitrogen gas provided with a valve 11 and supplied by an external nitrogen source opens into the same pipe 7 downstream of the vent 8.
- the base of the separator 3 is connected to that of the container 4 by a line 12, and the top of the separator is equipped with a vent 13 provided with a pressure limiter not shown.
- a pipe 14 provided with a valve 15 makes it possible to bring nitrogen gas into the upper part of the container 4 from an external nitrogen source.
- liquid nitrogen is vaporized in the exchanger 2 against the flow of the gas leaving the reservoir 1. This gas is thus partially condensed, and the liquid obtained is collected in the separator 3 and transferred to the container 4 by driving 12.
- the nitrogen gas vaporized in the exchanger 2 is sent via line 7 to the tank 1, opposite the gas outlet orifice of this tank, and pushes the gas content of the tank towards the passages 5 of the exchanger 2.
- nitrogen is used a first time for its cooling capacity, then a second time for its mechanical energy and for its inerting properties.
- a compressor 16 can be mounted between the outlet of the tank 1 and the inlet of the passages 5.
- the gas formed in the separator 3 can then be reinjected into the passages 6 of the exchanger 2 which convey the liquid nitrogen by a line 17, which is provided with a valve 18 controlled by the pressure of the separator.
- a valve 18 controlled by the pressure of the separator.
- Such reinjection assumes, however, that the content of the gas in the separator in product to be recovered is sufficiently low, so that it occurs only at an already advanced stage of the purging operation, in a phase where, precisely, the Nitrogen flow required for condensation is no longer sufficient to ensure effective purging.
- Vent 13 is equipped with an 18A control valve.
- FIG. 2 assumes that there is a compressor 16 of the cryogenic type. According to the variant of FIG. 3, it may be more advantageous to use an ordinary compressor, less expensive, and an auxiliary exchanger 19 ensuring an indirect heat exchange against the current between the gas entering the compressor and the gas which comes out. Apart from this difference, the arrangement of FIG. 3 is identical to that of FIG. 2.
- Figure 4 illustrates a variant of the diagram of Figure 1 which allows to push to a high degree the recovery without increasing the pressure of the gas leaving the tank, and therefore without using a compressor and a heat exchanger adapted to withstand high pressures.
- it is necessary to lower the temperature in the exchanger 2, which leads to the presence of a sub-cooled liquid in the separator 3.
- We therefore heat this liquid in line 12 by causing it to yield frigories with the gas leaving the tank 1 before the latter enters the passages 5 of the main exchanger 2.
- the auxiliary heat exchanger 20 provides a countercurrent heat exchange between the supply line outlet of the reservoir and the pipe 12, and the treated gas is precooled before exchanging heat with the liquid nitrogen. It is understood that this variant improves the thermal balance of the insatllation.
- FIG. 4 also shows a bypass 21 connecting the sections of the tank outlet pipe located before and after the exchanger 20.
- This bypass is equipped with a valve 22 controlled by the temperature prevailing in the line 12 downstream of the exchanger 20.
- the gas flow which effectively passes through this exchanger is controlled by the quantity of heat which is exchanged.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- La présente invention est relative à un procédé et une installation de traitement d'un site de stockage, notamment de purge et d'inertage de réservoir. Elle s'applique en particulier à la purge et à l'inertage des citernes des navires de transport de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) ou de gaz de pétrole liquéfié (GPL). Cependant, elle peut également s'appliquer à la purge et à l'inertage d'autres types de réservoirs contenant des produits volatils inflammables, polluants et/ou coûteux.
- On sait que de nombreux réservoirs contenant des produits volatils doivent périodiquement être purgés, et qu'il est alors nécessaire de les inerter pour des raisons de sécurité. C'est le cas notamment des cuves ou citernes des navires de transport de GNL ou de GPL après la livraison de la cargaison.
- Dans la technique classique, cette opération de purge, que l'on appelle souvent "déballastage", s'effectue en deux temps : mise à température ambiante des citernes, en mer, puis, à quai, injection d'un gaz neutre tel que l'azote. Pendant cette dernière opération, le gaz combustible expulsé des citernes sous la poussée de l'azote, constitué d'hydrocarbures légers, est envoyé à la torchère. En fin d'opération de déballastage, on procède en outre à une injection de gaz combustible dans le mélange sortant des citernes de façon à obtenir à la torchère un mélange combustible stable jusqu'à l'arrêt complet du déballastage.
- Cette technique, actuellement très généralisée, n'est pas satisfaisante car elle conduit d'une part à des pertes de temps et d'argent (circulation inutile de navires), d'autre part à des pertes de combustible évaluées entre 2 % et 5 % de la cargaison selon la pression de stockage des gaz liquéfiés. Des inconvénients analogues se présentent dans les autres cas évoqués plus haut.
- L'invention a pour but de fournir un procédé et une installation permettant de façon économique de récupérer l'essentiel des produits gazeux expulsés du site de stockage pendant la purge.
- A cet effet, elle a pour objet un procédé de traitement d'un site de stockage, notamment de purge et d'inertage de réservoir, du type dans lequel on expulse un produit gazeux contenu dans ledit site en y injectant de l'azote, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue un échange de chaleur indirect entre le gaz sortant dudit site et de l'azote liquide, de manière à condenser partiellement ce gaz, et en ce qu'on injecte dans ledit site l'azote gazeux résultant de cette vaporisation d'azote liquide.
- L'invention a également pour objet une installation de traitement d'un site de stockage, notamment de purge et d'inertage de réservoir, destinée à la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé. Cette installation comprend: un séparateur de phases ; un récipient de stockage communiquant avec le séparateur de phases; et un échangeur de chaleur indirect comportant des premiers passages destinés à être reliés en amont audit site et reliés en aval au séparateur, et des deuxièmes passages reliés en amont à une source d'azote liquide et destinés à être reliés en aval audit site.
- Quelques exemples de réalisation de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels les figures 1 à 4 illustrent schématiquement quatre variantes de mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'invention.
- Dans tous les modes de réalisation représentés, on voit une installation destinée à purger en vue de son inertage un réservoir 1 qui est par exemple une cuve de navire de transport de GNL ou de GPL. L'installation comprend un échangeur de chaleur indirect 2 à contre-courant, un séparateur de phases 3 et un récipient 4 de stockage des produits liquides récupérés.
- A la figure 1, l'échangeur 2 comprend des premiers passages 5 reliés en amont au réservoir 1 et en aval au séparateur 3, et des deuxièmes passages 6 reliés en amont à une source d'azote liquide et en aval au réservoir 1 par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite 7. Sur la conduite 7 est piquée une conduite d'évent 8 pourvue d'une vanne 9 pilotée par la pression régnant dans la conduite 7. Une conduite 10 d'amenée d'azote gazeux auxiliaire pourvue d'une vanne 11 et alimentée par une source d'azote extérieure débouche dans la même conduite 7 en aval de l'évent 8.
- La base du séparateur 3 est reliée à celle du récipient 4 par une conduite 12, et le sommet du séparateur est équipé d'un évent 13 muni d'un limiteur de pression non représenté. De plus, une conduite 14 pourvue d'une vanne 15 permet d'amener de l'azote gazeux dans la partie supérieure du récipient 4 à partir d'une source d'azote extérieure.
- En fonctionnement, de l'azote liquide est vaporisé dans l'échangeur 2 à contre-courant du gaz sortant du réservoir 1. Ce gaz est ainsi partiellement condensé, et le liquide obtenu est recueilli dans le séparateur 3 et transféré dans le récipient 4 par la conduite 12.
- L'azote gazeux vaporisé dans l'échangeur 2 est envoyé par la conduite 7 dans le réservoir 1, à l'opposé de l'orifice de sortie des gaz de ce réservoir, et pousse le contenu gazeux du réservoir vers les passages 5 de l'échangeur 2. Ainsi, l'azote est utilisé une première fois pour son pouvoir frigorifique, puis une deuxième fois pour son énergie mécanique et pour ses propriétés d'inertage.
- Au fur et à mesure de l'avancement de l'opération, la teneur en gaz combustible du gaz sortant du réservoir diminue. Par suite, la quantité d'azote liquide nécessaire pour récupérer le gaz combustible diminue elle aussi, et il arrive un moment où le débit d'azote vaporsié ne suffit plus pour purger efficacement le réservoir. On injecte alors de l'azote gazeux supplémentaire par la conduite 10.
- Comme représenté à la figure 2, si la pression qui règne dans le réservoir 1 est insuffisante et que l'on ne peut pas envisager de l'augmenter notablement, on peut monter un compresseur 16 entre la sortie du réservoir 1 et l'entrée des passages 5. Le gaz formé dans le séparateur 3 peut alors être réinjecté dans les passages 6 de l'échangeur 2 qui véhiculent l'azote liquide par une conduite 17, laquelle est munie d'une vanne 18 pilotée par la pression du séparateur. Une telle réinjection suppose toutefois que la teneur du gaz du séparateur en produit à récupérer est suffisamment faible, de sorte qu'elle n'intervient qu'à un stade déjà avancé de l'opération de purge, dans une phase où,précisément, le débit d'azote nécessaire pour la condensation ne suffit plus pour assurer une purge efficace. L'évent 13 est équipé d'une vanne de commande 18A.
- Si le gaz contenu dans le réservoir 1 est très froid, le schéma de la figure 2 suppose que l'on dispose d'un compresseur 16 de type cryogénique. Suivant la variante de la figure 3, il peut être plus intéressant de faire appel à un compresseur ordinaire, mins coûteux, et à un échangeur auxiliaire 19 assurant un échange thermique indirect à contre-courant entre le gaz entrant dans le compresseur et le gaz qui en sort. A part cette différence, l'agencement de la figure 3 est identique à celui de la figure 2.
- La figure 4 illustre une variante du schéma de la figure 1 qui permet de pousser à un degré élevé la récupération sans augmenter la pression du gaz sortant du réservoir, et donc sans faire appel à un compresseur et à un échangeur de chaleur adapté pour supporter des pressions élevées. Pour cela, il faut abaisser la température dans l'échangeur 2, ce qui conduit à la présence d'un liquide sous-refroidi dans le séparateur 3. On procède donc à un réchauffage de ce liquide dans la conduite 12 en lui faisant céder des frigories au gaz sortant du réservoir 1 avant que ce dernier ne pénètre dans les passages 5 de l'échangeur principal 2. En d'autres termes, l'échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 20 assure un échange de chaleur à contre-courant entre la conduite de sortie du réservoir et la conduite 12, et le gaz traité est prérefroidi avant d'échanger de la chaleur avec l'azote liquide. On comprend que cette variante améliore le bilan thermique de l'insatllation.
- On a également représenté à la figure 4 un by-pass 21 reliant les tronçons de la conduite de sortie du réservoir situés avant et après l'échangeur 20. Ce by-pass est équipé d'une vanne 22 pilotée par la température régnant dans la conduite 12 en aval de l'échangeur 20. Ainsi, le débit de gaz qui traverse effectivement cet échangeur est piloté par la quantité de chaleur qui est échangée.
- Dans chaque mode de réalisation, il est possible de renvoyer du gaz issu du séparateur 3 dans la partie stpérieure du récipient 4 pour inerter ce dernier, comme représenté par une conduite 23 munie d'une vanne 24 aux figures 2 et 3.
- Il est clair que le procédé et l'installation suivant l'invention peuvent s'appliquer à de nombreux cas où il est nécessaire de purger un réservoir d'un contenu gazeux coûteux, polluant, etc, par exemple un réservoir d'ammoniac, d'acide, d'hydrocarbures, etc.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT85400512T ATE27792T1 (de) | 1984-03-23 | 1985-03-18 | Verfahren und anlage fuer die behandlung einer lagerstaette. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8404536A FR2561751B1 (fr) | 1984-03-23 | 1984-03-23 | Procede et installation de purge et d'inertage de reservoir |
FR8404536 | 1984-03-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0159234A1 true EP0159234A1 (fr) | 1985-10-23 |
EP0159234B1 EP0159234B1 (fr) | 1987-06-16 |
Family
ID=9302388
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19850400512 Expired EP0159234B1 (fr) | 1984-03-23 | 1985-03-18 | Procédé et installation de traitement d'un site de stockage |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4604115A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0159234B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS60232286A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE27792T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU569567B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1272118A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3560254D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES8701350A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2561751B1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA852010B (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990009343A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-23 | Peter Weil | Procede et dispositif pour evacuer le contenu des espaces gazeux de reservoirs volumineux comportant des substances nocives pour l'environnement |
WO1993008103A1 (fr) * | 1991-10-18 | 1993-04-29 | Noya N.V. | Installation pour rendre ininflammable et non-explosif un liquide inflammable et explosif lorsqu'il est contenu dans un reservoir et pour le lavage du reservoir lorsqu'il est vide |
US10663115B2 (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2020-05-26 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method of purging a dual purpose LNG/LIN storage tank |
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US5291751A (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1994-03-08 | Liquid Carbonic Corporation | Cryo-mechanical vapor recovery apparatus |
US5291738A (en) | 1992-12-07 | 1994-03-08 | Edwards Engineering Corp. | Vapor recovery apparatus and method |
US5377723A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-01-03 | Henry T. Hilliard, Jr. | Method and apparatus for venting a storage vessel |
DE10247511A1 (de) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-22 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum Entleeren eines Behälters |
US7087804B2 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2006-08-08 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Use of waste nitrogen from air separation units for blanketing cargo and ballast tanks |
CN101264417B (zh) * | 2007-03-16 | 2010-09-22 | 中国人民解放军后勤工程学院 | 负压富集氮气保护油品的方法 |
JP5099326B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-31 | 2012-12-19 | 農工大ティー・エル・オー株式会社 | 揮発性有機化合物の排出、回収、処理方法、タンクコンテナ内の洗浄処理方法及びタンクコンテナ内の洗浄処理装置表示具保持装置 |
CN103567197B (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-09-03 | 浙江古纤道绿色纤维有限公司 | Pet液相增粘釜清洗装置及其清洗工艺 |
EP3463702A4 (fr) * | 2016-05-17 | 2020-03-25 | Leighton O'Brien Field Services Pty Ltd | Système de nettoyage de carburant |
CN110077746B (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-16 | 中国长城葡萄酒有限公司 | 液体储罐保压装置及方法 |
US11465093B2 (en) | 2019-08-19 | 2022-10-11 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Compliant composite heat exchangers |
US20210063083A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Liquefaction of Production Gas |
US11083994B2 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2021-08-10 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Removal of acid gases from a gas stream, with O2 enrichment for acid gas capture and sequestration |
EP4034798B1 (fr) | 2019-09-24 | 2024-04-17 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Caractéristiques d'extraction de cargaison pour réservoirs cryogéniques à double usage sur des navires ou des unités de stockage flottantes pour gnl et azote liquide |
JP2021095092A (ja) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | 三菱造船株式会社 | ガス置換方法 |
JP7377094B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-19 | 2023-11-09 | 三菱造船株式会社 | 船舶 |
WO2023079683A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-05-11 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Procédé et système de stockage d'hydrogène liquéfié |
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DE2450280A1 (de) * | 1974-10-23 | 1976-04-29 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum behandeln einer kurzzeitig anfallenden grossen gasmenge |
FR2360055A1 (fr) * | 1976-07-28 | 1978-02-24 | Boc Ltd | Procede de condensation de la vapeur d'un liquide volatil tel que le chlorure de vinyle monomere |
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LU37632A1 (fr) * | 1955-08-29 | |||
US3018632A (en) * | 1959-05-11 | 1962-01-30 | Hydrocarbon Research Inc | Cyclic process for transporting methane |
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FR2165729B1 (fr) * | 1971-12-27 | 1976-02-13 | Technigaz Fr |
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1984
- 1984-03-23 FR FR8404536A patent/FR2561751B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-03-18 AT AT85400512T patent/ATE27792T1/de active
- 1985-03-18 DE DE8585400512T patent/DE3560254D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-03-18 ZA ZA852010A patent/ZA852010B/xx unknown
- 1985-03-18 EP EP19850400512 patent/EP0159234B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1985-03-19 US US06/713,627 patent/US4604115A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-03-21 AU AU40201/85A patent/AU569567B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-03-22 ES ES541499A patent/ES8701350A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-03-22 CA CA000477258A patent/CA1272118A/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-03-23 JP JP60057580A patent/JPS60232286A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR1577152A (fr) * | 1967-12-20 | 1969-08-01 | ||
DE2450280A1 (de) * | 1974-10-23 | 1976-04-29 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum behandeln einer kurzzeitig anfallenden grossen gasmenge |
FR2360055A1 (fr) * | 1976-07-28 | 1978-02-24 | Boc Ltd | Procede de condensation de la vapeur d'un liquide volatil tel que le chlorure de vinyle monomere |
GB2018587A (en) * | 1978-01-31 | 1979-10-24 | Boc Ltd | Method and apparatus for storage and transport |
FR2478473A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-24 | 1981-09-25 | Buse Kohlensaeure | Procede et dispositif pour le detournement de gaz s'echappant d'un reservoir d'entreposage en cas d'incident |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990009343A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-23 | Peter Weil | Procede et dispositif pour evacuer le contenu des espaces gazeux de reservoirs volumineux comportant des substances nocives pour l'environnement |
AU629902B2 (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1992-10-15 | Peter Weil | Process and device for evacuating the content of gas spaces of large containers containing pollutant substances |
WO1993008103A1 (fr) * | 1991-10-18 | 1993-04-29 | Noya N.V. | Installation pour rendre ininflammable et non-explosif un liquide inflammable et explosif lorsqu'il est contenu dans un reservoir et pour le lavage du reservoir lorsqu'il est vide |
US10663115B2 (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2020-05-26 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method of purging a dual purpose LNG/LIN storage tank |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA852010B (en) | 1985-11-27 |
AU569567B2 (en) | 1988-02-04 |
FR2561751A1 (fr) | 1985-09-27 |
JPS60232286A (ja) | 1985-11-18 |
ES8701350A1 (es) | 1986-11-16 |
FR2561751B1 (fr) | 1988-11-10 |
DE3560254D1 (en) | 1987-07-23 |
ATE27792T1 (de) | 1987-07-15 |
AU4020185A (en) | 1985-09-26 |
US4604115A (en) | 1986-08-05 |
ES541499A0 (es) | 1986-11-16 |
CA1272118A (fr) | 1990-07-31 |
EP0159234B1 (fr) | 1987-06-16 |
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