EP0158978B1 - Mounting of transducers on a baffle, particularly for loudspeakers, preferentially for loudspeaker boxes - Google Patents

Mounting of transducers on a baffle, particularly for loudspeakers, preferentially for loudspeaker boxes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0158978B1
EP0158978B1 EP85104406A EP85104406A EP0158978B1 EP 0158978 B1 EP0158978 B1 EP 0158978B1 EP 85104406 A EP85104406 A EP 85104406A EP 85104406 A EP85104406 A EP 85104406A EP 0158978 B1 EP0158978 B1 EP 0158978B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
transducer
housing
transducers
electroacoustic
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EP85104406A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0158978A2 (en
EP0158978A3 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Quaas
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QUAAS, JUERGEN, DIPL.-ING.
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Individual
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Priority to AT85104406T priority Critical patent/ATE91211T1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/002Damping circuit arrangements for transducers, e.g. motional feedback circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/227Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only  using transducers reproducing the same frequency band
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2892Mountings or supports for transducers
    • H04R1/2896Mountings or supports for transducers for loudspeaker transducers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/30Combinations of transducers with horns, e.g. with mechanical matching means, i.e. front-loaded horns
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2209/00Details of transducers of the moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type covered by H04R9/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2209/027Electrical or mechanical reduction of yoke vibration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for reducing vibrations of the housing of sound generators, in particular loudspeakers and preferably loudspeaker boxes.
  • the invention relates in particular to loudspeakers for high-quality transmission of music, as are customary in the professional field and in consumer electronics.
  • the purpose of the invention is to improve the reproduction quality of loudspeakers by eliminating disturbing vibrations from the sound guide and the housing.
  • loudspeakers have the task of converting electrical signals into acoustic ones according to given quality criteria.
  • One of these criteria is the degree of distortion that occurs during transmission.
  • the sound guide and housing of a loudspeaker box itself must not act as a sound source, ie they cannot be induced to resonate by the vibrations generated by the sound transducer.
  • sound guidance used here and in the following generally means a device for acoustically adapting the sound transducer to the surroundings at wavelengths that are larger than its membrane. Examples of this are: baffle, funnel, closed box, etc. There is no housing for the baffle, for the closed box the sound guide and housing are identical.
  • the document EP-A-83 310 describes a sound transducer that is not installed in a sound guide with its chassis and generates sound with a membrane, but instead uses the wall in which it is installed instead of the membrane.
  • the installation wall thus takes on the role of membrane and holder at the same time.
  • the inert mass mentioned is necessary for the function, but does not neutralize vibrations, since the concentrated mass cannot move freely.
  • EP-A-54 945 is the integration of a loudspeaker for high frequencies (inner loudspeakers) with an outer loudspeaker for low frequencies without its own membrane.
  • This arrangement is also not suitable for reducing structure-borne noise.
  • a disadvantage of all of these constructions is also that the effort for material and processing is relatively high, accordingly generates high costs and finally leads to heavy, bulky loudspeakers.
  • the disadvantages are all the more serious the larger and less distortion the loudspeaker box is to be designed. If the sound guidance is not stiff enough or if the sound transducer is connected to the sound guidance via a damping material, the impulse behavior and the efficiency also deteriorate.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention has set itself the task of providing a universally applicable design principle for loudspeakers which, regardless of the type of sound transducer and the sound guidance, excludes distortions caused by vibrations of the housing and the sound guidance and thereby manages with a minimum of effort for sound guidance and the housing .
  • the invention is based on the fact that the structure-borne sound of sound transducers excites the sound guidance and the housing to vibrate considerably more than the airborne sound, and solves the problem in that the dynamic forces of the sound transducer chassis or the sound guidance on the installation site are compensated for by dynamic opposing forces . This prevents the transmission of the structure-borne sound of the sound transducer or transducers to the sound guide and the housing and consequently achieves the desired reduction in the expenditure for sound guide and the housing.
  • FIG. 1a shows a typical embodiment of the invention using the example of a closed three-way loudspeaker, which is probably the most frequently encountered type.
  • the low-frequency transducers 4,5 are electrically and acoustically connected in phase. If an electrical signal with a positive sign or gradient is present, the membrane of the sound transducer 4 moves in the direction 10 and the membrane of the sound transducer 5 in the direction 11.
  • FIG. 1b shows the same arrangement from FIG. 1a, but here the entire assembly, consisting of the sound transducers 4, 5 and the connections 6, 7, 8, 9, is connected to the sound guide 1 via suspensions 12, 13. There is an annular gap between the sound transducers 4, 5 and the sound guide 1, which is sealed with damping elastic seals 14, 15. Stops 17, 18 limit strong movements of the assembly when the loudspeaker is being transported. In contrast to the arrangement in FIG. 1a, the transmission of vibrations of the chassis of the sound transducers 4, 5 to the sound guide 1 is prevented even if the forces are not completely compensated for. This is the case, for example, if the connections 6, 7, 8, 9 have elastic properties and thus yield to the forces acting on them.
  • FIG. 2a shows an example of the many possible embodiments of the mechanical connection between the sound transducers 4, 5. Only one of the connecting elements that are present several times (mostly four times) is shown. This is a version that is adjustable in length.
  • a rod 21 is inserted into a tube 20 with a good fit.
  • a locking ring 22 fixes the rod 21 and tube 20 together.
  • the free ends of the rod 21 and the tube 20 are expediently provided with threads that enable a screw connection with the sound transducers 4, 5 and the sound guide 1.
  • the locking ring 22 contains two different internal threads, each of which fit on the external threads of the tube 20 and the rod 21.
  • the simplest embodiment is to dispense with the tube 20 and to design the rod 21 as a continuous threaded rod, which is cut to the length required in each case.
  • FIG. 2b shows another example for the execution of the mechanical connection between the sound transducers 4, 5. Again, only one of the multiple connections is shown.
  • the magnets 24, 25 of the sound transducers 4, 5 are provided with tabs 26, 27 to which a connecting piece 28 is fastened by means of screw connections.
  • This version is characterized by its minimal length, which makes the elastic properties of the material less effective.
  • FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of three sound transducers 32, 33, 34 with their mutual mechanical connection 35 using the example of an all-round radiating loudspeaker box 31, which is shown in partial cross section and in perspective.
  • the point symmetry of the arrangement and with the same data of the sound transducers 32, 33, 34, their dynamic forces on the sound guide 31 compensate for zero.
  • the principle of action, which is shown for the mirror-symmetrical arrangement of the sound transducers in Fig.1a applies accordingly for the point-symmetrical arrangement with more than two sound transducers.
  • the mechanical connection 35 is somewhat more complex here, since connecting rods which lie outside the center plane of the respective sound transducer must be connected to one another in order to be able to absorb lateral forces.
  • a horn speaker is shown in partial cross section.
  • Sound transducers 42, 43 which are connected to one another via mechanical connections 44, 45, 46, 47 (47 hidden behind 45) and are closed at the rear by a sound guide 41, work as drivers for the horn sound guide 40. In this arrangement, more than two sound converters can be combined.
  • Figure 5 shows a three-way speaker in partial longitudinal section from the front and from the side.
  • a sound guide 50 contains a high-frequency sound transducer 51, a mid-range sound transducer 52 and, instead of a pair of large low-frequency sound transducers, three pairs of small low-frequency sound transducers 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58.
  • This arrangement ensures that the low-frequency sound transducers emit better towards the front, which is naturally difficult due to the side installation at higher frequencies and can only be improved by smaller diaphragm diameters.
  • Front radiation occurs when the membrane is smaller than the smallest wavelength to be emitted.
  • Figure 6 shows a partial cross-section of a pentagonal speaker box.
  • Sound transducers 61, 62 are installed in a sound guide 60 and are connected to one another by mechanical connections 63, 64, 65 (65 hidden behind 63). Due to the geometry of the sound guide 60, the sound transducers 61, 62 are inclined at an angle to each other. As a result, the mutual compensation of the forces is not zero, a residual component remains.
  • the example is intended to show that even in loudspeakers in which the sound transducers are not exactly parallel to one another, it makes sense to mechanically connect the sound transducers to one another, because this at least reduces the forces on the sound guidance. The effectiveness of the measure depends on the angle between the transducers.
  • FIG. 7a shows a three-way loudspeaker in partial cross section.
  • a sound guide 70 designed as a closed box contains, in addition to tweeters and mid-range transducers 71, 72, a low-frequency transducer 73, which is connected to a low-frequency transducer 74 by means of mechanical connections 75, 76, 77, 78 (78 hidden behind 76).
  • the sound transducer 73 is mounted on the front and emits acoustically, while the sound transducer 74 is mounted inside the sound guide 70 and does not emit any sound to the outside. It only serves to compensate for the structure-borne noise of sound transducer 73.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for retrofitting in existing loudspeaker boxes.
  • FIG. 7b shows the principle of the electrical wiring of the loudspeaker box from FIG. 7a as a passive box.
  • the input signal reaches the individual sound transducers 71, 72, 73 via a crossover and the transducer 74 via a potentiometer 79 designed as a T-actuator Potentiometer 79 is adjusted for the best possible compensation.
  • the design as a T-actuator ensures constant impedance in the entire setting range and thus avoids effects on the crossover.
  • Wiring examples for active loudspeakers follow in FIGS. 9a-c.
  • FIG. 8 shows a possible improved embodiment of the arrangement according to FIG. 7a in half cross-section.
  • a sound transducer 81 is connected to a special compensation transducer 85 via brackets 83, 84, which at the same time serve for fastening with a sound guide 80.
  • the membrane and the basket can be omitted.
  • the drive system here: magnet, voice coil, centering
  • a special compensation transducer 85 is thus obtained, which is designed to be far less complex than a normal sound transducer.
  • the compensation transducer 85 is advantageously connected to the actual sound transducer 81 to form an integral unit which avoids problems of mechanical and dynamic mutual adaptation.
  • this is a vibration-neutral suspension
  • the chassis of the sound transducer 81 can thus be made cheaper.
  • FIGS. 9a-c show block diagrams for different wiring options of an active loudspeaker box according to FIG. 8 or FIG. 7a.
  • the input signal of the respective circuit is the signal coming from the crossover, which is assigned to the sound converter 81.
  • this signal arrives via a power amplifier 90 to the sound transducer 81 and in parallel to it via an equalizer 92 to a second power amplifier 91 and to the compensation transducer 85.
  • the advantage of this circuit compared to a simple parallel connection of the transducers 81, 85 is that the equalizer 92 makes differences in the frequency responses of the transducers 81, 85 can be compensated. This equalization is usually easier to implement and adjust when the circuit is active than with a passive circuit, such as in Fig. 7b.
  • FIG. 9b the input signal again reaches the sound transducer 81 via the amplifier 90.
  • a measuring device 94 supplies a signal via a measuring amplifier 93 which corresponds to the membrane amplitude of the sound transducer 81.
  • This signal passes through the power amplifier 91 to the compensation converter 85.
  • the measuring amplifier can contain an equalization which corrects irregularities in the frequency response of the converter 85.
  • Different types of transducers 81, sound guides, changes in acoustic load, etc. are automatically taken into account here.
  • FIG. 9c shows a circuit for regulated active loudspeaker boxes.
  • the input signal reaches a control amplifier 95 via a comparison point, is amplified via the power amplifier 90 and fed to the sound converter 81. Its membrane amplitude is again measured directly or indirectly via a measuring device 94 and a measuring amplifier 93 and closes the control loop for the sound converter 81 via the comparison point. At the same time, the signal coming from the measuring amplifier 93 is amplified by the power amplifier 91 and fed to the converter 85. It is also possible to set up a similar control loop for the converter 85 in order to correct its irregularities in the frequency response and data scatter.
  • the invention is explained essentially for dynamic sound transducers in the low frequency range.
  • this is due to the fact that dynamic sound transducers are mostly used in the low frequency range.
  • the problem of structure-borne noise in a loudspeaker box mainly occurs at low frequencies. The effective forces are greatest here and the internal damping of the material of the sound guide and the housing is usually the lowest.
  • the principle of the invention is neither restricted to a specific frequency range nor tied to a specific type of transducer. In the case of reusable loudspeakers in particular, depending on the construction, it makes sense to apply the invention also to sound transducers of higher frequency ranges.
  • the effectiveness of the invention depends to a large extent on the mechanical connection of the sound transducers to one another. Connection points must be without play and materials with elastic properties should not be used. When designing, it must also be borne in mind that a certain minimum distance between the drive systems, i.e. magnets or electrodes, must be observed in order to prevent any adverse mutual influence.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Abstract

An installation of sound converters (e.g., speakers) in an enclosure having mechanical fasteners such that the transmission of solid-borne sound from the speakers to the enclosure is prevented.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung von Schwingungen des Gehäuses von Schallerzeugern, insbesondere von Lautsprechern und vorzugsweise von Lautsprecherboxen.The invention relates to a device for reducing vibrations of the housing of sound generators, in particular loudspeakers and preferably loudspeaker boxes.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere auf Lautsprecherboxen zur hochwertigen Übertragung von Musik, wie sie im professionellen Bereich und in der Konsumelektronik üblich sind.The invention relates in particular to loudspeakers for high-quality transmission of music, as are customary in the professional field and in consumer electronics.

Zweck der Erfindung ist es, die Wiedergabequalität von Lautsprecherboxen durch Beseitigung störender Schwingungen von Schallführung und Gehäuse zu verbessern.The purpose of the invention is to improve the reproduction quality of loudspeakers by eliminating disturbing vibrations from the sound guide and the housing.

Lautsprecherboxen haben bekanntlich die Aufgabe, elektrische Signale in akustische nach gegebenen Qualitätskriterien umzuwandeln. Eines dieser Kriterien ist das Maß der Verzerrungen, die bei der Übertragung entstehen. Um ein Minimum an Verzerrungen zu erreichen, dürfen Schallführung und Gehäuse einer Lautsprecherbox selbst nicht als Schallquelle wirken, d.h. sich durch die vom Schallwandler erzeugten Schwingungen nicht zum Mitschwingen anregen lassen.As is well known, loudspeakers have the task of converting electrical signals into acoustic ones according to given quality criteria. One of these criteria is the degree of distortion that occurs during transmission. In order to achieve a minimum of distortion, the sound guide and housing of a loudspeaker box itself must not act as a sound source, ie they cannot be induced to resonate by the vibrations generated by the sound transducer.

Unter dem hier und im folgenden benutzten Begriff "Schallführung" versteht man ganz allgemein eine Vorrichtung, den Schallwandler bei Wellenlängen, die größer als seine Membran sind, akustisch an die Umgebung anzupassen. Beispiele hierfür sind: Schallwand, Trichter, geschlossene Box, etc. Bei der Schallwand gibt es kein Gehäuse, bei der geschlossenen Box sind Schallführung und Gehäuse identisch.The term “sound guidance” used here and in the following generally means a device for acoustically adapting the sound transducer to the surroundings at wavelengths that are larger than its membrane. Examples of this are: baffle, funnel, closed box, etc. There is no housing for the baffle, for the closed box the sound guide and housing are identical.

Es ist üblich, die Aufgabe technisch dadurch zu lösen, daß man für Schallführung und Gehäuse genügend dicke Wandstärken vorsieht, Verstrebungen und Versteifungen anbringt und / oder ein Material wählt, das eine hohe innere Dämpfung aufweist. Beispiele hierfür sind Lautsprecherboxen aus Beton, Marmor, Keramik, Acrylglas und Aluminium. Es sind auch mehrschichtige Gehäuse nach dem Sandwich-Prinzip bekannt, deren Zwischenschicht ein hochdämpfendes Material wie z.B. Sand enthält.It is customary to solve the problem technically by providing wall thicknesses that are sufficiently thick for sound guiding and housing, attaching struts and stiffeners and / or choosing a material which has a high internal damping. Examples of this are loudspeakers made of concrete, marble, ceramic, acrylic glass and aluminum. Multi-layer housings based on the sandwich principle are also known, the intermediate layer of which is a highly damping material such as Contains sand.

Zum Stand der Technik ist weiterhin zu nennen die FR-A-23 93 500, die eine Lautsprecherbox gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 beschreibt.FR-A-23 93 500, which describes a loudspeaker according to the preamble of claim 1, should also be mentioned in relation to the prior art.

Die Druckschrift EP-A-83 310 beschreibt einen Schallwandler, der nicht wie üblich mit seinem Chassis in eine Schallführung eingebaut wird und mit einer Membran Schall erzeugt, sondern anstelle der Membran die Wand benutzt, in die er eingebaut wird. Die Einbauwand übernimmt damit die Rolle von Membran und Halterung zugleich.The document EP-A-83 310 describes a sound transducer that is not installed in a sound guide with its chassis and generates sound with a membrane, but instead uses the wall in which it is installed instead of the membrane. The installation wall thus takes on the role of membrane and holder at the same time.

Die genannte Inertmasse ist notwendig zur Funktion, bewirkt jedoch keine Neutralisierung von Schwingungen, da die konzentrierte Masse sich nicht frei bewegen kann.The inert mass mentioned is necessary for the function, but does not neutralize vibrations, since the concentrated mass cannot move freely.

Zum Stand der Technik ist weiterhin zu nennen die EP-A-54 945, bei der es sich um die Integration eines Lautsprechers für hohe Frequenzen (innere Lautsprecher) mit einem äußeren Lautsprecher für tiefe Frequenzen ohne eigene Membran handelt.The state of the art also includes EP-A-54 945, which is the integration of a loudspeaker for high frequencies (inner loudspeakers) with an outer loudspeaker for low frequencies without its own membrane.

Auch diese Anordnung ist nicht zur Reduzierung von Körperschall geeignet.This arrangement is also not suitable for reducing structure-borne noise.

Nachteilig bei allen diesen Konstruktionen ist, außerdem daß der Aufwand für Material und Verarbeitung relativ hoch ist, dementsprechend hohe Kosten erzeugt und schließlich zu schweren, unhandlichen Lautsprecherboxen führt. Die Nachteile sind um so gravierender je größer und verzerrungsärmer die Lautsprecherbox ausgelegt werden soll. Ist die, Schallführung nicht steif genug, oder ist der Schallwandler über ein dämpfendes Material mit der Schallführung verbunden, kommt es außerdem zu einer Verschlechterung des Impulsverhaltens und des Wirkungsgrades.A disadvantage of all of these constructions is also that the effort for material and processing is relatively high, accordingly generates high costs and finally leads to heavy, bulky loudspeakers. The disadvantages are all the more serious the larger and less distortion the loudspeaker box is to be designed. If the sound guidance is not stiff enough or if the sound transducer is connected to the sound guidance via a damping material, the impulse behavior and the efficiency also deteriorate.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Insbesondere hat die Erfindung es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, ein universell anwendbares Konstruktionsprinzip für Lautsprecherboxen zu liefern, das unabhängig vom Typ des Schallwandlers und der Schallführung durch Schwingungen des Gehäuses und der Schallführung verursachte Verzerrungen ausschließt und dabei mit einem Minimum an Aufwand für Schallführung und Gehäuse auskommt.The invention seeks to remedy this. In particular, the invention has set itself the task of providing a universally applicable design principle for loudspeakers which, regardless of the type of sound transducer and the sound guidance, excludes distortions caused by vibrations of the housing and the sound guidance and thereby manages with a minimum of effort for sound guidance and the housing .

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Besondere Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen beansprucht.Particular embodiments of the method according to the invention are claimed in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung geht davon aus, daß der Körperschall von Schallwandlern die Schallführung und das Gehäuse erheblich mehr zum Mitschwingen anregt als der Luftschall, und löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch,daß die dynamischen Kräfte des oder der Schallwandlerchassis auf die Schallführung am Einbauort durch dynamische Gegenkräfte kompensiert werden. Damit wird die Übertragung des Körperschalls des oder der Schallwandler auf Schallführung und Gehäuse verhindert und folglich die gewünschte Reduzierung des Aufwandes für Schallführung und Gehäuse erreicht.The invention is based on the fact that the structure-borne sound of sound transducers excites the sound guidance and the housing to vibrate considerably more than the airborne sound, and solves the problem in that the dynamic forces of the sound transducer chassis or the sound guidance on the installation site are compensated for by dynamic opposing forces . This prevents the transmission of the structure-borne sound of the sound transducer or transducers to the sound guide and the housing and consequently achieves the desired reduction in the expenditure for sound guide and the housing.

Die technische Realisierung der Erfindung erfolgt dadurch, daß zwei Schallwandler so angeordnet werden, daß die Bewegungsrichtungen der Schwerpunkte ihrer Membrane auf einer Geraden liegen. Die Geometrie der Anordnung wird durch eine mechanische Verbindung der Chassis der Schallwandler untereinander realisiert, deren Werkstoff sich durch minimale Elastizität auszeichnet. Elektrisch werden die Schallwandler so beschaltet, daß ihre Membranen gegenphasisige Bewegungen ausführen. Für die akustische Beschaltung stehen zwei Realisierungsmöglichkeiten zur Wahl :

  • I) Ein Schallwandler ist in die Schallführung eingebaut und strahlt Schallwellen ab, während der zweite nur die Chassis-Schwingungen des ersten kompensiert und selbst keine Schallwellen in die weitere Umgebung abstrahlt.
  • II) Beide Schallwandler sind in die Schallführung eingebaut und akustisch parallel geschaltet.
Die Möglichkeit I) bietet sich an, wenn vorhandene Lautsprecherboxen nachträglich körperschallfrei gemacht werden sollen, oder wenn die bisherige Konzeption von Lautsprecherboxen beibehalten werden soll. In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung läßt sich der Schallwandler zur Kompensation vereinfachen und so modifizieren, daß er statt der Membran eine definierte bewegte Masse hat und akustisch, elektrisch und mechanisch eine integrierte Einheit mit dem ersten, schallabstrahlenden Schallwandler bildet. Dies führt zu einem neuen, insgesamt körperschallfreien Schallwandlertyp, der in gewohnter Weise für die Konstruktion von Lautsprecherboxen verwendet wird. Bei aktiven Lautsprecherboxen lassen sich die beiden Wandler in vorteilhafter Weise einfach und präzise durch elektronische Maßnahmen, wie etwa durch Messung oder Nachbildung des Frequenzgangs des abstrahlenden Schallwandlers, ggf. auch des kompensierenden Wandlers, aufeinander abstimmen. Die Möglichkeit II) wird man wählen, wenn man frei in der Gestaltung der Lautsprecherbox ist oder auf guten Wirkungsgrad wert legt, da hier keine Energie in einem speziellen Kompensationswandler verloren geht. Vorzugsweise werden Schallwandler gleichen Typs, die paarweise aufeinander abgestimmt sind, verwendet. Diese Anordnung ist jedoch nicht auf ein Schallwandlerpaar beschränkt, vielmehr läßt sich jede beliebige Zahl von aufeinander abgestimmten Schallwandlern in einer punktsymmetrischen Konfiguration anordnen, die beispielsweise bei rundum strahlenden Lautsprecherboxen oder für Treiber bei Horn-Schallführungen Anwendung finden kann.
In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung werden die Schallwandler nicht wie üblich an ihrem Befestigungsring mit der Schallführung verbunden, sondern die gesamte Einheit der miteinander verbundenen Schallwandler wird, ohne Berührung mit der Schallführung zu haben, schwingungsneutral mit dem Gehäuse oder der Schallführung befestigt. Dies kann durch eine pendelartige Aufhängung der Anordnung oder durch Befestigung in ihrem Schwerpunkt mit dem Gehäuse geschehen. Der Spalt zwischen Schallwandlern und Schallführung kann für Baßreflexboxen mitausgenutzt werden, andernfalls läßt er sich in einfacher Weise mit elastischem dämpfenden Material abschließen. Diese Anordnung genießt den Vorteil, auch im Falle unvollständiger Kompensation, hervorgerufen etwa durch Ungleichheiten der Schallwandler oder ungleichmäßige akustische Belastung sowie bei Schwingungen, die durch eine gewisse Restelastizität der mechanischen Verbindung zwischen den Schallwandlern mehr oder weniger vorhanden sind, die Körperschallübertragung auf die Schallführung vollständig zu verhindern.
Des weiteren läßt sich die mechanische Verbindung zwischen den Schallwandlern in vorteilhafter Weise verstellbar gestalten, so daß eine leichte Anpassung an die Geometrie der Schallführung gegeben ist.The technical implementation of the invention takes place in that two sound transducers are arranged in such a way that the directions of movement of the centers of gravity of their membrane lie on a straight line. The geometry of the arrangement is realized by a mechanical connection between the chassis of the sound transducers, the material of which is characterized by minimal elasticity. Electrically, the transducers are wired in such a way that their membranes are out of phase Carry out movements. There are two implementation options for acoustic wiring:
  • I) A sound transducer is built into the sound guide and emits sound waves, while the second only compensates for the chassis vibrations of the first and does not itself emit sound waves into the wider environment.
  • II) Both sound transducers are built into the sound guide and acoustically connected in parallel.
The option I) is useful if existing loudspeaker boxes are to be made free of structure-borne noise afterwards, or if the previous design of loudspeaker boxes is to be retained. In a further embodiment of the invention, the sound transducer can be simplified for compensation and modified so that it has a defined moving mass instead of the membrane and acoustically, electrically and mechanically forms an integrated unit with the first sound-emitting sound transducer. This leads to a new type of transducer that is completely free of structure-borne noise, which is used in the usual way for the construction of loudspeakers. With active loudspeakers, the two transducers can advantageously and simply be coordinated with one another by electronic measures, such as, for example, by measuring or emulating the frequency response of the radiating sound transducer, possibly also of the compensating transducer. Option II) will be chosen if you are free to design the loudspeaker or if you value good efficiency, since no energy is lost in a special compensation converter. Sound transducers of the same type, which are matched to one another in pairs, are preferably used. However, this arrangement is not limited to a pair of transducers, rather any number of coordinated transducers can be arranged in a point-symmetrical configuration, which is used, for example, in all-round radiating loudspeakers or for drivers with horn sound guides Can be found.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the sound transducers are not connected to the sound guide on their fastening ring as usual, but rather the entire unit of the connected sound transducers is attached to the housing or the sound guide in a vibration-neutral manner without having any contact with the sound guide. This can be done by a pendulum-like suspension of the arrangement or by attachment in its center of gravity to the housing. The gap between sound transducers and sound guide can be used for bass reflex boxes, otherwise it can be easily closed with elastic damping material. This arrangement has the advantage, even in the case of incomplete compensation, caused, for example, by inequalities in the sound transducers or uneven acoustic loading, and in the case of vibrations that are more or less present due to a certain residual elasticity of the mechanical connection between the sound transducers, that the structure-borne sound is completely transmitted to the sound guide prevent.
Furthermore, the mechanical connection between the sound transducers can advantageously be made adjustable, so that there is a slight adaptation to the geometry of the sound guide.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile sind :

  • Bessere akustische Eigenschaften von Lautsprecherboxen durch Fehlen störender Schwingungen von Schallführung und Gehäuse, durch besseres Impulsverhalten und besseren Wirkungsgrad.
  • Beseitigung von Störungen, die durch Körperschallübertragung eines schwingenden Lautsprechergehäuses über Böden und Wände auf resonanzfähige Objekte und benachbarte Räume entstehen.
  • Reduzierung des Materialaufwandes für Schallführung und Gehäuse.
  • Reduzierung des Gewichts der Lautsprecherbox.
  • Vermeidung teurer und verarbeitungsaufwendiger Materialien.
  • Konstruktion von Schallführung und Gehäuse in Leichtbauweise möglich.
  • Besseres Kosten/Nutzen-Verhältnis der Lautsprecherbox.
  • Akustische Aufwertung vorhandener Lautsprecherboxen durch nachträglichen erfindungsgemäßen Einbau eines zusätzlichen, der Kompensation dienenden Wandlers.
  • Universell anwendbares Prinzip, unabhängig vom gewählten Typ von Schallwandler und Schallführung.
The advantages achieved with the invention are:
  • Better acoustic properties of loudspeakers due to the absence of disturbing vibrations from the sound guide and housing, better impulse behavior and better efficiency.
  • Elimination of disturbances caused by structure-borne noise transmitted by a vibrating loudspeaker housing over floors and walls to resonable objects and neighboring rooms.
  • Reduction of material costs for sound guidance and housing.
  • Reduction in the weight of the loudspeaker.
  • Avoiding expensive and labor-intensive materials.
  • Construction of sound guide and housing possible in lightweight construction.
  • Better cost / benefit ratio of the loudspeaker.
  • Acoustic upgrading of existing loudspeaker boxes by retrofitting an additional converter according to the invention.
  • Universally applicable principle, regardless of the type of sound transducer and sound guide selected.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

Fig. 1a
den Teillängsschnitt einer Dreiweg-Lautsprecherbox, bei der das Prinzip der gegenseitigen Kompensation auf die Tiefton-Schallwandler angewandt ist,
Fig. 1b
den Gegenstand der Fig.1a, wobei zusätzlich eine Möglichkeit zur vollkommenen Isolation des Körperschalls der Schallwandler dargestellt ist,
Fig.2a,b
mögliche Ausführungsformen der mechanischen Verbindung der Schallwandler miteinander,
Fig. 3
eine rundum strahlende Lautsprecherbox im Teilquerschnitt und in der Perspektive, bei der das Prinzip der gegenseitigen Kompensation auf drei Breitband-Schallwandler angewandt ist,
Fig. 4
eine Horn-Lautsprecherbox im Teilquerschnitt, bei der das Prinzip der gegenseitigen Kompensation auf die Horntreiber-Schallwandler angewandt ist,
Fig. 5
den Gegenstand der Fig.1a, jedoch mit mehreren Tiefton-Schallwandlerpaaren, im Teillängsschnitt von vorne und von der Seite,
Fig. 6
den Teilquerschnitt einer Lautsprecherbox mit teilweiser gegenseitiger Kompensation des Schallwandler-Körperschalls,
Fig. 7a
den Teillängsschnitt einer Lautsprecherbox mit einem ausschließlich der Kompensation dienenden Schallwandler,
Fig. 7b
die zu Fig.7a gehörende elektrische Beschaltung in ihrer einfachsten Form,
Fig. 8
die Schallwandler des Gegenstandes von Fig.7a in modifizierter Form,
Fig.9a-c
die zu den Ausführungen von Fig.7a und Fig.8 zugehörigen elektronischen Beschaltungen als Blockschaltbild.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it :
Fig. 1a
the partial longitudinal section of a three-way loudspeaker box, in which the principle of mutual compensation is applied to the woofers,
Fig. 1b
1a the subject of FIG. 1a, in addition a possibility for the complete isolation of the structure-borne noise of the sound transducer is shown,
2a, b
possible embodiments of the mechanical connection of the sound transducers to one another,
Fig. 3
an all-round radiating loudspeaker in partial cross-section and in perspective, in which the principle of mutual compensation is applied to three broadband sound transducers,
Fig. 4
a partial cross-section of a horn loudspeaker, in which the principle of mutual compensation is applied to the horn driver sound transducers,
Fig. 5
1a, but with several pairs of low-frequency transducers, in partial longitudinal section from the front and from the side,
Fig. 6
the partial cross section of a loudspeaker box with partial mutual compensation of sound transducer structure-borne noise,
Fig. 7a
the partial longitudinal section of a loudspeaker box with a sound transducer used exclusively for compensation,
Fig. 7b
the electrical circuit belonging to FIG. 7 a in its simplest form,
Fig. 8
the sound transducers of the object of Fig. 7a in a modified form,
Fig.9a-c
the associated in the versions of Fig.7a and Fig.8 electronic circuits as a block diagram.

In Figur 1a ist eine typische Ausführungsform der Erfindung am Beispiel einer geschlossenen Dreiweg-Lautsprecherbox, dem wohl am häufigsten anzutreffenden Typ, dargestellt. Eine Schallführung 1, die hier mit dem Gehäuse identisch ist, enthält neben den Schallwandlern 2,3 zur Hoch- und Mitteltonwiedergabe zwei identische Tiefton-Schallwandler 4,5, die über Befestigungen 6,7,8,9 (9 ist hinter 7 verdeckt) mechanisch starr miteinander verbunden sind. Die Tiefton-Schallwandler 4,5 sind elektrisch und akustisch gleichphasig parallel geschaltet. Liegt nun ein elektrisches Signal mit positivem Vorzeichen oder Gradienten an, bewegt sich die Membran des Schallwandlers 4 in Richtung 10 und die Membran des Schallwandlers 5 in Richtung 11. Nach dem physikalischen Grundsatz actio=reactio wirkt jede Kraft mit gleicher Intensität auch in die Gegenrichtung. Die Kraft, die beim Schallwandler 4 die Membran in Richtung 10 antreibt, wirkt als Reaktionskraft in Richtung 11 über Magneten und Chassis auf die Schallführung 1 und die Verbindungen 6,7,8,9 auf den anderen Schallwandler 5. Das gleiche gilt spiegelbildlich für den Schallwandler 5, dessen Reaktionskraft in Richtung 10 über Magneten und Chassis auf die Schallführung 1 und die Verbindungen 6,7,8,9 auf den anderen Schallwandler 4 wirkt. Bei einem Eingangssignal mit negativem Vorzeichen oder Gradienten gelten die gleichen Verhältnisse mit entgegengesetztem Vorzeichen. In jedem Falle wirken die Reaktionskräfte der Schallwandler 4,5 in jeweils entgegengesetzter Richtung. Diese Kräfte können über die Verbindungen 6,7,8, 9 miteinander wechselwirken. Sind sie entgegengesezt gleich groß, ist die Kräftesumme Null,und die Schallführung 1 bleibt von diesen Kräften unberührt.FIG. 1a shows a typical embodiment of the invention using the example of a closed three-way loudspeaker, which is probably the most frequently encountered type. A sound guide 1, which is identical to the housing here, contains, in addition to the sound transducers 2, 3 for high and mid-range reproduction, two identical low-frequency sound transducers 4 5, which are fastened via fastenings 6, 7, 8, 9 (9 is hidden behind 7). are mechanically rigidly connected. The low-frequency transducers 4,5 are electrically and acoustically connected in phase. If an electrical signal with a positive sign or gradient is present, the membrane of the sound transducer 4 moves in the direction 10 and the membrane of the sound transducer 5 in the direction 11. According to the physical principle actio = reactio, every force acts with the same intensity in the opposite direction. The force that drives the diaphragm in the direction of the sound transducer 4 acts as a reaction force in the direction 11 via magnets and chassis on the sound guide 1 and the connections 6, 7, 8, 9 on the other sound transducer 5. The same applies in mirror image to the Sound transducer 5, the reaction force of which acts in the direction 10 via magnets and chassis on the sound guide 1 and the connections 6, 7, 8, 9 on the other sound transducer 4. In the case of an input signal with a negative sign or gradient, the same conditions apply with opposite signs. In any case, the reaction forces of the sound transducers 4, 5 act in opposite directions Direction. These forces can interact with one another via the connections 6, 7, 8, 9. If they are of equal size, the total force is zero, and the sound guide 1 remains unaffected by these forces.

Figur 1b zeigt die gleiche Anordnung von Figur 1a, jedoch ist hier der ganze Verbund, bestehend aus den Schallwandlern 4,5 und den Verbindungen 6,7,8,9, mit der Schallführung 1 über Aufhängungen 12,13 verbunden. Zwischen den Schallwandlern 4,5 und der Schallführung 1 besteht jeweils ein ringförmiger Spalt, der mit dämpfenden elastischen Dichtungen 14,15 abgedichtet ist. Anschläge 17,18 begrenzen starke Bewegungen des Verbundes beim Transport der Lautsprecherbox. Im Unterschied zur Anordnung von Fig.1a wird die Übertragung von Schwingungen der Chassis der Schallwandler 4,5 auf die Schallführung 1 auch dann verhindert, wenn die Kompensation der Kräfte nicht vollständig zu Null erfolgt. Das ist beispielsweise der Fall, wenn die Verbindungen 6,7,8,9 elastische Eigenschaften aufweisen und somit den auf sie einwirkenden Kräften nachgeben. Ebenso führen Abweichungen zwischen den Daten der Schallwandler 4,5 und ungleiche akustische Belastung zu einer Unsymmetrie der Kräfte. Die resultierenden Kräfte regen die als Physikalisches Pendel wirkende Anordnung, bestehend aus den Schallwandlern 4,5, den Verbindungen 6,7,8,9 und den Aufhängungen 12,13,zum Schwingen an. Liegt nun die Eigenfrequenz des Pendels weit unterhalb des Übertragungsbereichs der Schallwandler 4,5, kann das Pendel den anregenden Schwingungen nicht mehr folgen und verhält sich praktisch starr. Die Eigenfrequenz des Pendels ist ausschließlich von der effektiven Pendellänge bestimmt und liegt schon bei relativ kurzen Längen weit unterhalb des üblichen Übertragungsbereiches von Tiefton-Schallwandlern. Die Dämpfungen 14,15 sind für den normalen Betriebsfall nicht notwendig, begrenzen aber weicher als die Anschläge 17,18 alleine. Es steht dem Konstrukteur frei, ob er mittels der Dämpfungen 14,15 die Schallführung 1 auch abdichtet oder nicht. Je nach dem ergibt sich daraus eine Schallführung vom Typ "geschlossene Box" oder "Baßreflexbox".FIG. 1b shows the same arrangement from FIG. 1a, but here the entire assembly, consisting of the sound transducers 4, 5 and the connections 6, 7, 8, 9, is connected to the sound guide 1 via suspensions 12, 13. There is an annular gap between the sound transducers 4, 5 and the sound guide 1, which is sealed with damping elastic seals 14, 15. Stops 17, 18 limit strong movements of the assembly when the loudspeaker is being transported. In contrast to the arrangement in FIG. 1a, the transmission of vibrations of the chassis of the sound transducers 4, 5 to the sound guide 1 is prevented even if the forces are not completely compensated for. This is the case, for example, if the connections 6, 7, 8, 9 have elastic properties and thus yield to the forces acting on them. Likewise, deviations between the data of sound transducers 4, 5 and uneven acoustic loads lead to an asymmetry of the forces. The resulting forces cause the arrangement acting as a physical pendulum, consisting of sound transducers 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and suspensions 12, 13 to vibrate. If the natural frequency of the pendulum is far below the transmission range of the sound transducers 4, 5, the pendulum can no longer follow the stimulating vibrations and behaves practically rigid. The natural frequency of the pendulum is determined exclusively by the effective pendulum length and is already at relatively short lengths far below the usual transmission range of low-frequency sound transducers. The damping 14, 15 is not necessary for normal operation, but is softer than the stops 17, 18 alone. It is up to the designer whether he also seals the sound guide 1 by means of the damping 14, 15 or not. Depending on this, this results in sound guidance of the type "closed box" or "bass reflex box".

In Figur 2a ist ein Beispiel für die vielen möglichen Ausführungsformen der mechanischen Verbindung zwischen den Schallwandlern 4,5 dargestellt. Es ist nur eines der mehrmals (meist viermal) vorhandenen Verbindungselemente gezeigt. Es handelt sich hier um eine Ausführung, die in der Länge verstellbar ist. Eine Stange 21 ist gut passend in ein Rohr 20 eingeschoben. Ein Feststellring 22 fixiert Stange 21 und Rohr 20 miteinander. Die freien Enden der Stange 21 und des Rohrs 20 sind zweckmäßigerweise mit Gewinden versehen, die eine Schraubverbindung mit den Schallwandlern 4,5 und der Schallführung 1 ermöglichen. Der Feststellring 22 enthält zwei verschiedene Innengewinde, die jeweils auf die Außengewinde des Rohrs 20 und der Stange 21 passen. Schließlich bietet sich als einfachste Ausführungsform an, auf das Rohr 20 zu verzichten und die Stange 21 als durchgehende Gewindestange auszuführen, die auf die jeweils erforderliche Länge zurechtgeschnitten ist.FIG. 2a shows an example of the many possible embodiments of the mechanical connection between the sound transducers 4, 5. Only one of the connecting elements that are present several times (mostly four times) is shown. This is a version that is adjustable in length. A rod 21 is inserted into a tube 20 with a good fit. A locking ring 22 fixes the rod 21 and tube 20 together. The free ends of the rod 21 and the tube 20 are expediently provided with threads that enable a screw connection with the sound transducers 4, 5 and the sound guide 1. The locking ring 22 contains two different internal threads, each of which fit on the external threads of the tube 20 and the rod 21. Finally, the simplest embodiment is to dispense with the tube 20 and to design the rod 21 as a continuous threaded rod, which is cut to the length required in each case.

Figur 2b zeigt ein anderes Beispiel für die Ausführung der mechanischen Verbindung zwischen den Schallwandlern 4,5. Auch hier ist nur eine der mehrmals vorhandenen Verbindungen dargestellt. Die Magnete 24,25 der Schallwandler 4,5 sind mit Laschen 26,27 versehen, an denen ein Verbindungsstück 28 mittels Schraubverbindungen befestigt ist. Diese Ausführung zeichnet sich durch seine minimale Länge aus, wodurch elastische Eigenschaften des Materials weniger wirksam werden.FIG. 2b shows another example for the execution of the mechanical connection between the sound transducers 4, 5. Again, only one of the multiple connections is shown. The magnets 24, 25 of the sound transducers 4, 5 are provided with tabs 26, 27 to which a connecting piece 28 is fastened by means of screw connections. This version is characterized by its minimal length, which makes the elastic properties of the material less effective.

Figur 3 zeigt am Beispiel einer rundum strahlenden sechseckigen Lautsprecherbox 31, die im Teilquerschnitt und in Perspektive dargestellt ist, die Anordnung von drei Schallwandlern 32,33,34 mit ihrer gegenseitigen mechanischen Verbindung 35. Durch die Punktsymmetrie der Anordnung und bei gleichen Daten der Schallwandler 32,33,34 kompensieren sich deren dynamische Kräfte auf die Schallführung 31 zu Null. Das Wirkungsprinzip, das für die spiegelsymmetrische Anordnung der Schallwandler in Fig.1a dargestellt ist, gilt entsprechend auch für die punktsymmetrische Anordnung bei mehr als zwei Schallwandlern. Die mechanische Verbindung 35 ist hier etwas aufwendiger, da Verbindungsstangen, die außerhalb der Mittelebene des jeweiligen Schallwandlers liegen, untereinander verbunden sein müssen um seitliche Kräfte aufnehmen zu können.FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of three sound transducers 32, 33, 34 with their mutual mechanical connection 35 using the example of an all-round radiating loudspeaker box 31, which is shown in partial cross section and in perspective. The point symmetry of the arrangement and with the same data of the sound transducers 32, 33, 34, their dynamic forces on the sound guide 31 compensate for zero. The principle of action, which is shown for the mirror-symmetrical arrangement of the sound transducers in Fig.1a, applies accordingly for the point-symmetrical arrangement with more than two sound transducers. The mechanical connection 35 is somewhat more complex here, since connecting rods which lie outside the center plane of the respective sound transducer must be connected to one another in order to be able to absorb lateral forces.

In Figur 4 ist im Teilquerschnitt eine Horn-Lautsprecherbox dargestellt. Schallwandler 42,43, die über mechanische Verbindungen 44,45,46,47 (47 hinter 45 verdeckt) miteinander verbunden und rückwärtig durch eine Schallführung 41 abgeschlossen sind, arbeiten als Treiber für die Horn-Schallführung 40. Bei dieser Anordnung können auch mehr als zwei Schallwandler miteinander kombiniert werden.In Figure 4, a horn speaker is shown in partial cross section. Sound transducers 42, 43, which are connected to one another via mechanical connections 44, 45, 46, 47 (47 hidden behind 45) and are closed at the rear by a sound guide 41, work as drivers for the horn sound guide 40. In this arrangement, more than two sound converters can be combined.

Figur 5 zeigt eine Dreiweg-Lautsprecherbox im Teillängsschnitt von vorne und von der Seite. Analog zu Fig.1a enthält eine Schallführung 50 einen Hochton-Schallwandler 51, einen Mittelton-Schallwandler 52 und statt einem Paar großer Tiefton-Schallwandler drei Paare kleiner Tiefton-Schallwandler 53,54,55,56,57,58. Durch diese Anordnung wird erreicht, daß die Tiefton-Schallwandler besser nach vorne abstrahlen, was durch den Seitlichen Einbau bei höheren Frequenzen naturgemäß schlecht möglich ist und nur durch kleinere Membrandurchmesser verbessert werden kann. Abstrahlung nach vorne ist gegeben, wenn die Membran kleiner als die kleinste abzustrahlende Wellenlänge ist.Figure 5 shows a three-way speaker in partial longitudinal section from the front and from the side. Analogous to FIG. 1a, a sound guide 50 contains a high-frequency sound transducer 51, a mid-range sound transducer 52 and, instead of a pair of large low-frequency sound transducers, three pairs of small low-frequency sound transducers 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58. This arrangement ensures that the low-frequency sound transducers emit better towards the front, which is naturally difficult due to the side installation at higher frequencies and can only be improved by smaller diaphragm diameters. Front radiation occurs when the membrane is smaller than the smallest wavelength to be emitted.

Figur 6 zeigt im Teilquerschnitt eine fünfeckige Lautsprecherbox. Schallwandler 61,62 sind in eine Schallführung 60 eingebaut und durch mechanische Verbindungen 63,64,65 (65 hinter 63 verdeckt) miteinander verbunden. Durch die Geometrie der Schallführung 60 sind die Schallwandler 61,62 in einem Winkel zueinander geneigt. Folglich ist die gegenseitige Kompensation der Kräfte nicht Null, es verbleibt eine Restkomponente. Das Beispiel soll jedoch zeigen, daß auch bei Lautsprecherboxen, bei denen sich die Schallwandler nicht exakt parallel zueinander befinden, es sinnvoll ist, die Schallwandler mechanisch miteinander zu verbinden, weil damit zumindest eine Reduzierung der Kräfte auf die Schallführung erreicht wird. Die Wirksamkeit der Maßnahme hängt vom Winkel zwischen den Schallwandlern ab.Figure 6 shows a partial cross-section of a pentagonal speaker box. Sound transducers 61, 62 are installed in a sound guide 60 and are connected to one another by mechanical connections 63, 64, 65 (65 hidden behind 63). Due to the geometry of the sound guide 60, the sound transducers 61, 62 are inclined at an angle to each other. As a result, the mutual compensation of the forces is not zero, a residual component remains. However, the example is intended to show that even in loudspeakers in which the sound transducers are not exactly parallel to one another, it makes sense to mechanically connect the sound transducers to one another, because this at least reduces the forces on the sound guidance. The effectiveness of the measure depends on the angle between the transducers.

Figur 7a zeigt im Teilquerschnitt eine Dreiweg-Lautsprecherbox. Eine als geschlossene Box ausgeführte Schallführung 70 enthält neben Hoch- und Mitteltonschallwandlern 71,72 einen Tieftonschallwandler 73, der mittels mechanischer Verbindungen 75,76,77,78 (78 hinter 76 verdeckt) mit einem Tieftonschallwandler 74 verbunden ist. Im Unterschied zu den vorigen Beispielen ist der Schallwandler 73 frontseitig montiert und strahlt akustisch ab, während der Schallwandler 74 im Innern der Schallführung 70 montiert ist und keinen Schall nach außen abstrahlt. Er dient nur zur Kompensation des Körperschalls des Schallwandlers 73. Diese Ausführungsform eignet sich besonders zum nachträglichen Einbau in vorhandene Lautsprecherboxen. Sie zeichnet sich weiterhin dadurch aus, daß die übliche Konstruktion von Lautsprecherboxen mit ihrem typischen Erscheinungsbild beibehalten werden kann. Andererseits muß berücksichtigt werden, daß bei dieser Ausführungsform im Unterschied zu den vorigen Beispielen der Gesamtwirkungsgrad niedriger ist, was vor allem bei passiven Lautsprecherboxen eine Rolle spielt.FIG. 7a shows a three-way loudspeaker in partial cross section. A sound guide 70 designed as a closed box contains, in addition to tweeters and mid-range transducers 71, 72, a low-frequency transducer 73, which is connected to a low-frequency transducer 74 by means of mechanical connections 75, 76, 77, 78 (78 hidden behind 76). In contrast to the previous examples, the sound transducer 73 is mounted on the front and emits acoustically, while the sound transducer 74 is mounted inside the sound guide 70 and does not emit any sound to the outside. It only serves to compensate for the structure-borne noise of sound transducer 73. This embodiment is particularly suitable for retrofitting in existing loudspeaker boxes. It is also characterized by the fact that the usual construction of loudspeakers with their typical appearance can be retained. On the other hand, it must be taken into account that in this embodiment, in contrast to the previous examples, the overall efficiency is lower, which is particularly important in the case of passive loudspeakers.

Figur 7b zeigt das Prinzip der elektrischen Beschaltung der Lautsprecherbox von Fig. 7a als passive Box. Das Eingangssignal gelangt über eine Frequenzweiche an die einzelnen Schallwandler 71,72,73 und über ein als T-Steller ausgeführtes Potentiometer 79 an den Wandler 74. Mit diesem Potentiometer 79 wird auf bestmögliche Kompensation abgeglichen. Die Ausführung als T-Steller sorgt für konstante Impedanz im ganzen Einstellbereich und vermeidet dadurch Rückwirkungen auf die Frequenzweiche. Beschaltungsbeispiele für aktive Lautsprecherboxen folgen in den Figuren 9a-c.FIG. 7b shows the principle of the electrical wiring of the loudspeaker box from FIG. 7a as a passive box. The input signal reaches the individual sound transducers 71, 72, 73 via a crossover and the transducer 74 via a potentiometer 79 designed as a T-actuator Potentiometer 79 is adjusted for the best possible compensation. The design as a T-actuator ensures constant impedance in the entire setting range and thus avoids effects on the crossover. Wiring examples for active loudspeakers follow in FIGS. 9a-c.

In Figur 8 ist im Halbquerschnitt eine mögliche verbesserte Ausführung der Anordnung nach Fig.7a gezeigt. Ein Schallwandler 81 ist mit einem speziellen Kompensationswandler 85 über Halterungen 83,84 verbunden, die gleichzeitig zur Befestigung mit einer Schallführung 80 dienen. Obwohl die Anordnung in Fig.7a einen Schallwandler zur Kompensation benutzt, muß dies kein Schallwandler im üblichen Sinne sein, da er keinen Schall abstrahlen soll. Auf die Membran und den Korb kann verzichtet werden. Es genügt das Antriebssystem (hier: Magnet, Schwingspule, Zentrierung) mit einer definierten bewegten Masse, z.B. in Form eines Masseringes auf der Schwingspule. Man erhält somit einen speziellen Kompensationswandler 85, der weit weniger aufwendig gestaltet ist als ein normaler Schallwandler. Vorteilhafterweise verbindet man den Kompensationswandler 85 mit dem eigentlichen Schallwandler 81 zu einer integralen Einheit, die Probleme der mechanischen und dynamischen gegenseitigen Anpassung vermeidet. Weiterhin ist es von Vorteil, die ganze Einheit über die Befestigungen 83,84 mit der Schallführung 80 zu verbinden. Zum einen ist dies eine schwingungsneutrale Aufhängung, zum anderen kann somit das Chassis des Schallwandlers 81 billiger ausgeführt werden.FIG. 8 shows a possible improved embodiment of the arrangement according to FIG. 7a in half cross-section. A sound transducer 81 is connected to a special compensation transducer 85 via brackets 83, 84, which at the same time serve for fastening with a sound guide 80. Although the arrangement in FIG. The membrane and the basket can be omitted. The drive system (here: magnet, voice coil, centering) with a defined moving mass, e.g. in the form of a ground ring on the voice coil. A special compensation transducer 85 is thus obtained, which is designed to be far less complex than a normal sound transducer. The compensation transducer 85 is advantageously connected to the actual sound transducer 81 to form an integral unit which avoids problems of mechanical and dynamic mutual adaptation. Furthermore, it is advantageous to connect the entire unit to the sound guide 80 via the fastenings 83, 84. On the one hand, this is a vibration-neutral suspension, on the other hand, the chassis of the sound transducer 81 can thus be made cheaper.

Die Figuren 9a-c zeigen Blockschaltbilder für verschiedene Beschaltungsmöglichkeiten einer aktiven Lautsprecherbox nach Fig.8 oder Fig.7a. Eingangssignal der jeweiligen Schaltung ist das von der Frequenzweiche kommende Signal, das dem Schallwandler 81 zugeordnet ist. In Figur 9a gelangt dieses Signal über einen Leistungsverstärker 90 zum Schallwandler 81 und parallel dazu über einen Entzerrer 92 auf einen zweiten Leistungsverstärker 91 und zum Kompensationswandler 85. Der Vorteil dieser Schaltung gegenüber einer einfachen Parallelschaltung der Wandler 81,85 ist, daß mittels des Entzerrers 92 Unterschiede in den Frequenzgängen der Wandler 81,85 ausgeglichen werden können. Diese Entzerrung läßt sich bei aktiver Beschaltung meist einfacher realisieren und abgleichen als bei einer passiven Schaltung, wie z.B. in Fig.7b. Da der Wandler 85 nicht zur Schallabstrahlung dient, genügt für den Leistungsverstärker 91 eine einfachere und billigere Ausführung als für den Verstärker 90.
In Figur 9b gelangt das Eingangssignal wieder über den Verstärker 90 an den Schallwandler 81. Eine Meßeinrichtung 94 liefert über einen Meßverstärker 93 ein Signal, das der Membranamplitude des Schallwandlers 81 entspricht. Dieses Signal gelangt über den Leistungsverstärker 91 zum Kompensationswandler 85. Sofern erforderlich, kann der Meßverstärker eine Entzerrung enthalten, die Ungleichmäßigkeiten im Frequenzgang des Wandlers 85 korrigiert. Unterschiedliche Wandlertypen 81, Schallführungen, Änderungen der akustischen Belastung usw. werden hier automatisch berücksichtigt.
Figur 9c zeigt eine Schaltung für geregelte aktive Lautsprecherboxen. Das Eingangssignal gelangt über eine Vergleichsstelle zu einem Regelverstärker 95, wird über den Leistungsverstärker 90 verstärkt und dem Schallwandler 81 zugeführt. Dessen Membranamplitude wird wieder über eine Meßeinrichtung 94 und einen Meßverstärker 93 direkt oder indirekt erfaßt und schließt über die Vergleichsstelle die Regelschleife für den Schallwandler 81. Gleichzeitig wird das vom Meßverstärker 93 kommende Signal vom Leistungsverstärker 91 verstärkt und dem Wandler 85 zugeführt. Es ist ferner möglich, auch für den Wandler 85 eine ähnliche Regelschleife aufzubauen um dessen Ungleichmäßigkeiten im Frequenzgang und Datenstreuungen auszuregeln.
FIGS. 9a-c show block diagrams for different wiring options of an active loudspeaker box according to FIG. 8 or FIG. 7a. The input signal of the respective circuit is the signal coming from the crossover, which is assigned to the sound converter 81. In Figure 9a, this signal arrives via a power amplifier 90 to the sound transducer 81 and in parallel to it via an equalizer 92 to a second power amplifier 91 and to the compensation transducer 85. The advantage of this circuit compared to a simple parallel connection of the transducers 81, 85 is that the equalizer 92 makes differences in the frequency responses of the transducers 81, 85 can be compensated. This equalization is usually easier to implement and adjust when the circuit is active than with a passive circuit, such as in Fig. 7b. Since the converter 85 is not used for sound radiation, a simpler and cheaper design is sufficient for the power amplifier 91 than for the amplifier 90.
In FIG. 9b, the input signal again reaches the sound transducer 81 via the amplifier 90. A measuring device 94 supplies a signal via a measuring amplifier 93 which corresponds to the membrane amplitude of the sound transducer 81. This signal passes through the power amplifier 91 to the compensation converter 85. If necessary, the measuring amplifier can contain an equalization which corrects irregularities in the frequency response of the converter 85. Different types of transducers 81, sound guides, changes in acoustic load, etc. are automatically taken into account here.
FIG. 9c shows a circuit for regulated active loudspeaker boxes. The input signal reaches a control amplifier 95 via a comparison point, is amplified via the power amplifier 90 and fed to the sound converter 81. Its membrane amplitude is again measured directly or indirectly via a measuring device 94 and a measuring amplifier 93 and closes the control loop for the sound converter 81 via the comparison point. At the same time, the signal coming from the measuring amplifier 93 is amplified by the power amplifier 91 and fed to the converter 85. It is also possible to set up a similar control loop for the converter 85 in order to correct its irregularities in the frequency response and data scatter.

Ganz allgemein sei noch auf folgendes hingewiesen:
In den Ausführungsbeispielen wird die Erfindung im wesentlichen für dynamische Schallwandler im Tieftonbereich erläutert. Das liegt zum einen daran, daß im Tieftonbereich meist dynamische Schallwandler Verwendung finden. Zum anderen tritt das Problem des Körperschalls einer Lautsprecherbox hauptsächlich bei tiefen Frequenzen auf. Die wirksamen Kräfte sind hier am größten und die innere Dämpfung des Materials der Schallführung und des Gehäuses meist am geringsten. Das Prinzip der Erfindung ist aber weder auf einen bestimmten Frequenzbereich beschränkt noch an einen bestimmten Schallwandlertyp gebunden. Insbesondere bei Mehrweg-Lautsprecherboxen ist es je nach Konstruktion sinnvoll, die Erfindung auch auf Schallwandler höherer Frequenzbereiche anzuwenden.
Die Wirksamkeit der Erfindung hängt in großem Maße von der mechanischen Verbindung der Schallwandler untereinander ab. Verbindungsstellen müssen ohne Spiel sein und Materialien mit elastischen Eigenschaften sollen nicht verwendet werden. Bei der Konstruktion ist weiterhin zu berücksichtigen, daß ein gewisser Mindestabstand zwischen den Antriebssystemen, also Magneten oder Elektroden, einzuhalten ist um ungünstige gegenseitige Beeinflussung auszuschließen.
In general, the following should also be pointed out:
In the exemplary embodiments, the invention is explained essentially for dynamic sound transducers in the low frequency range. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that dynamic sound transducers are mostly used in the low frequency range. On the other hand, the problem of structure-borne noise in a loudspeaker box mainly occurs at low frequencies. The effective forces are greatest here and the internal damping of the material of the sound guide and the housing is usually the lowest. However, the principle of the invention is neither restricted to a specific frequency range nor tied to a specific type of transducer. In the case of reusable loudspeakers in particular, depending on the construction, it makes sense to apply the invention also to sound transducers of higher frequency ranges.
The effectiveness of the invention depends to a large extent on the mechanical connection of the sound transducers to one another. Connection points must be without play and materials with elastic properties should not be used. When designing, it must also be borne in mind that a certain minimum distance between the drive systems, i.e. magnets or electrodes, must be observed in order to prevent any adverse mutual influence.

Claims (10)

  1. Sound generators, preferably loudspeaker enclosures, consisting of a housing (1) with an electroacoustic transducer (4), which is arranged on a side wall, and a loudspeaker (5), which is arranged in a symmetrical manner on the opposite side wall, the transducer and loudspeaker introducing unwanted structure-borne sound into the housing (1) via their attachment elements, characterised in that the two loudspeakers (4, 5) are joined together by means of the connecting parts (6, 7, 8, 9) to form a unit (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), which in itself is mechanically rigidly connected, the mechanical connection of the electroacoustic transducers being arranged independently of the sound conductor or the housing of the loudspeaker enclosure.
  2. Sound generators according to claim 1, characterised in that the electroacoustic transducers (42, 43) are arranged in their connecting parts (44, 56, 46, 47) at two opposite sides, which are disposed inside the housing (41).
  3. Sound generators according to claims 1 - 2, characterised in that the electroacoustic transducers correspond as regards their essential properties, particularly those which are decisive for the structure-borne sound.
  4. Sound generators according to claims 1 - 3, characterised in that the connecting parts (20, 21) between the electroacoustic transducers (4, 5) are adjustable in length and provided with a fixing element (22).
  5. Sound generators according to claims 1 - 4, characterised in that the opposite walls of the housing (60) at which the electroacoustic transducers (61, 62) are arranged are not parallel.
  6. Sound generators according to claims 1 - 5, characterised in that the connecting parts (28) directly and rigidly connect together the magnets (24, 25) of the electroacoustic transducers (4, 5) by means of attachment elements (26, 27), which are mounted on the magnets (24, 25).
  7. Sound generators according to claims 1 - 6, characterised in that the composite structure (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) consisting of electroacoustic transducers and connecting parts forms the mass of a pendulum with the suspensions (12, 13), the movement of which pendulum is damped by the viscoelastic damping rings (14, 15) and limited by the stop rings (17, 18).
  8. Sound generators consisting of a housing (70), an electroacoustic transducer (73), which is arranged on the front wall, and an electroacoustic transducer (74), which is arranged symmetrically with respect to the transducer (73) inside the housing (70), the two transducers being joined together to form a unit (73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78), which in itself is mechanically rigidly connected, by means of connecting parts (75, 76, 77, 78), which can transmit structure-borne sound far better than the housing (70), according to claim 1, characterised in that the inner electroacoustic transducer (74) is adapted to the electroacoustic transducer (73), which is acoustically operative with the housing (70), such that the structure-borne sound generated by the electroacoustic generator (73) is cancelled by that generated by the transducer (74) via the connecting parts (75, 76, 77, 78) and does not enter the housing (70).
  9. Electroacoustic transducers according to claim 8, characterised in that the transducer (85) disposed inside the housing (80) comprises a concentrated moving mass instead of a diaphragm.
  10. Sound generators according to claims 8 - 9, characterised in that the sound-generating transducer (81) and the compensating transducer (85) form by means of the connecting parts (83, 84) an electroacoustic transducer which is free from structure-borne sound, the connecting parts (83, 84) serving as a means of attachment to the housing (80).
EP85104406A 1984-04-17 1985-04-12 Mounting of transducers on a baffle, particularly for loudspeakers, preferentially for loudspeaker boxes Expired - Lifetime EP0158978B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85104406T ATE91211T1 (en) 1984-04-17 1985-04-12 INSTALLATION OF SOUND TRANSDUCERS IN A SOUND CIRCUIT, PARTICULARLY FOR LOUDSPEAKERS, PREFERABLY FOR LOUDSPEAKER BOXES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3414407 1984-04-17
DE3414407A DE3414407C2 (en) 1984-04-17 1984-04-17 Arrangement of sound transducers in a sound guide, in particular for loudspeaker boxes

Publications (3)

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EP0158978A2 EP0158978A2 (en) 1985-10-23
EP0158978A3 EP0158978A3 (en) 1987-09-16
EP0158978B1 true EP0158978B1 (en) 1993-06-30

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EP85104406A Expired - Lifetime EP0158978B1 (en) 1984-04-17 1985-04-12 Mounting of transducers on a baffle, particularly for loudspeakers, preferentially for loudspeaker boxes

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US (1) US4805221A (en)
EP (1) EP0158978B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61147700A (en)
AT (1) ATE91211T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3414407C2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3414407C2 (en) 1986-02-20
ATE91211T1 (en) 1993-07-15
DE3414407A1 (en) 1985-10-24
US4805221A (en) 1989-02-14
EP0158978A2 (en) 1985-10-23
JPS61147700A (en) 1986-07-05
DE3587425D1 (en) 1993-08-05
EP0158978A3 (en) 1987-09-16

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