EP0158739A2 - Apparatus for injecting fuel into combustion chambers - Google Patents

Apparatus for injecting fuel into combustion chambers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0158739A2
EP0158739A2 EP84116262A EP84116262A EP0158739A2 EP 0158739 A2 EP0158739 A2 EP 0158739A2 EP 84116262 A EP84116262 A EP 84116262A EP 84116262 A EP84116262 A EP 84116262A EP 0158739 A2 EP0158739 A2 EP 0158739A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chambers
injecting fuel
chambers according
fuel
central region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84116262A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0158739A3 (en
EP0158739B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Grünwald
Ernst Imhof
Iwan Komaroff
Rolf Dipl.-Ing. Mayer
Günther Schmid
Helmut Reum
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP0158739B1 publication Critical patent/EP0158739B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/06—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a known device of this type DE-PS 834 467
  • the heating coil of a glow plug encloses the fuel jet emerging from an injection nozzle.
  • fresh air is blown out of the cylinder perpendicularly to the injected jet at one point on the injection channel, asymmetrically.
  • Fuel parts that were previously heated up are transported accelerated into the cylinder.
  • There is no optimal combustion which is disadvantageous in terms of efficiency and exhaust gas composition.
  • the device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the heating element meets the different requirements of short heating-up time and good quality of annealing.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention results from the fact that the temperature of the heating element is higher in its central region than in its outer regions. The middle, much hotter area enables short heating-up times and, due to the higher temperature difference to the fuel jet flowing in the air jacket, better heat transfer.
  • the heating element heats the fuel jet without contact.
  • the intense infrared radiation heats up the fuel droplets of the air-fuel swirling, while the air is heated by convection where it flows past the heating element.
  • the fuel-air mixture is thus effectively preheated for its easy flammability without the heating element coming into contact with fuel.
  • the mechanical holder is located in the areas where the heating element has a lower temperature. This bracket is much more reliable at lower temperatures.
  • the heating element is designed as a resistance heating element through which electric current flows, the heating resistance of which is higher in its central region than in FIG outer areas.
  • a temperature profile desired on the heating element can thus be designed very precisely.
  • a resistance heating element must be contacted in a very reliable manner, which is easy to control in the areas with a lower temperature, without having to forego the advantages of good heat transfer and a short heating-up time.
  • the resistance heating element is designed as a cylindrical incandescent body which can be contacted on its two end faces. It may be favorable that the diameter of the cylindrical filament is increased towards the end faces.
  • the incandescent body can be the carrier of the heating resistor and provide the necessary mechanical strength.
  • the larger diameter of the end faces enables a larger electrically effective cross section and a particularly reliable contact.
  • the heating resistor is advantageously supplied with feed current in that contacting disks are attached to the end faces of the incandescent body by means of suitable solders.
  • the incandescent body is designed at least in its central region as a helical heating resistor, the resistance coils of which have a smaller cross section in its central region than in its outer regions. This feature makes it easy to determine the temperature profile over the cross section of the resistance coil, because the electrical resistance per unit length of the helical heating resistor causes the electrical heating power generated.
  • the helical heating resistor consists of the material molybdenum disilicide (MoSi 2 ).
  • MoSi 2 molybdenum disilicide
  • the helical heating resistor is made of the material M O Si 2 , and 'milled out of a tube of this material, it can be advantageous to improve the mechanical strength that support means are present between at least a few turns of the helical heating resistor in the manner of webs.
  • These support means can consist of axially attached layers of electrically insulating ceramic paste, so that the advantages of the desired temperature profile of the incandescent body can be combined with the advantages of the resistance material MoSi 2 .
  • An advantage of the M O Si 2 is that it has a so-called PTC effect (increase in resistance when the temperature rises), so that the heating-up times are very short, and that the electrical power consumed automatically adapts to changing load conditions without an external control device.
  • a mecha nisch particularly stable incandescent body is characterized in that an electrically insulating cylinder is present as a support means, which includes the helical heating resistor.
  • the cylindrical incandescent body has holes in the manner of a perforation on its outer surface and that the density of the holes is higher in its central regions than in its outer regions.
  • the perforation may be present only in central regions of the cylindrical incandescent body.
  • a structure equivalent to the perforation can also be achieved in that the cylindrical incandescent body is at least partially constructed in the manner of a cell structure, the effective electrical resistance in the central region, due to the cell structure, being higher than in the outer regions.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention on an injection nozzle.
  • Fig. 2 shows a helical heating resistor which is designed as a cylindrical incandescent body.
  • Fig. 3 shows a helical heating resistor with contacting washers.
  • FIG. 4 shows two configurations of the incandescent body and
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment with a incandescent body which is enclosed by a ceramic protective tube.
  • a fuel injection nozzle 12 is inserted in an engine block 10 above a spacer ring 11 by means of a nozzle clamping nut 13.
  • the fuel injection nozzle 12 has a valve needle 15 working in a nozzle body 14.
  • the nozzle body 14 is clamped to a nozzle holder (not shown in FIG. 1) with the nozzle clamping nut 13.
  • a housing 17 of a heating device is fastened in a screwed-in groove 16 at the end of the nozzle clamping nut 13 on the combustion chamber side.
  • the bottom of the nozzle body 14 is supported via a support plate 18 against the housing 17 of the heating device.
  • the housing 17 is closed with a cover 19 on the combustion chamber side.
  • Support plate 18 and cover 19 are designed as concentric elements, so that the fuel jet 2o can freely enter the combustion chamber, which is not shown in the figure.
  • a contacting disk 21 and the cover 19 used for contacting there is a cylindrical incandescent body 22, the mechanical strength of which is improved by one or more support webs 23.
  • a contact web 24 can be provided between the support plate 18 and the cover 19.
  • the operating voltage is supplied to the incandescent body 22 via the contacting disk 21 connected to it, which is connected to a lead 27 via a wire bracket 25 and a contact pin 26.
  • the contact pin 26 is part of a temperature and pressure-tight soldered electrical feedthrough 28 in the housing 17.
  • the housing 17 has openings 29 through which the wire bracket 25 is guided to the contacting disk 21 and through which, on the other hand, an air flow can get from the combustion chamber to the bottom of the nozzle body 14, precisely to the point where the fuel jet 2o arises between the nozzle body 14 and the valve needle 15.
  • the fuel jet draws in air according to the jet pump principle, which surrounds it in a jacket-like manner and thus passes through the cylindrical filament that it does not come into contact with the fuel, but rather heats up the air jacket, which then in turn heats up the fuel jacket. However, it is heated not only the passing air jacket from the heating element, but the infrared radiation of the heating element acts on the fuel droplets of the injected fuel jet 'and heats it. Because the nozzle base is flushed with fresh air, the nozzle cannot become clogged with soot and the quality with regard to the quantity and droplet size of the fuel jet remains constant over long operating times.
  • the cylindrical incandescent body 22 shows a cylindrical incandescent body designed as a helical heating resistor without contacting disks.
  • the cylindrical incandescent body 22 consists of a helical heating resistor 36, the cross section of which is lower in a central region 37 of the incandescent body 22 and thus the resistance is higher than in its outer regions 38.
  • the region 37 thus acts as a high-temperature region, because of its length of the heating resistor-related resistance is higher than in the outer regions 38.
  • the outer regions 38 become a low-temperature region, the lower electrical resistance results in lower current heat, so that a durable contact and fastening is possible here.
  • the helical heating resistor 36 which is fastened between two contacting disks 21, is mechanically solidified between its coils with axially attached layers 41 of ceramic paste.
  • FIG. 4 The embodiment of a cylindrical incandescent body 22 shown in FIG. 4 is shown in the two variants A and B. Both variants contain end collars 42 for holding and contacting.
  • the central region 37 working as a high-temperature region is formed by a cell-like perforation 40 which reduces the cross section of the resistance material and thus brings about an increase in resistance.
  • the helical heating resistor 36 is shown, which has the same cross section due to the uniform pitch in the entire coil area. The desired lowering of the temperature in the contact area results in the strongly formed end collars 42 due to their low electrical resistance.
  • the spiral 36 can, as shown in Fig. 3, be supported.
  • the heating element shown in FIG. 5 shows the cylindrical incandescent body 22 within a ceramic support tube 43.
  • the incandescent body has only one end collar 42. As indicated in the figure, it is designed as a helical heating resistor, which is now not constructed at the same time according to mechanical skill criteria, since the ceramic support tube 43 ensures mechanical strength.
  • the incandescent body lies between the two contacting disks (21) and is supplied with operating voltage from there.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Es wird eine Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen, insbesondere für selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschinen, vorgeschlagen, bei der eine Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach Art einer Strahlpumpe durch eine Luftleitvorrichtung einen mit einem Luftmantel, umhüllten Kraftstoffstrahl erzeugt. Dieser luftumhüllte Kraftstoffstrahl wird durch ein Heizelement geleitet, dessen Wärmeerzeugung über seine Längsamessung in der Art verteilt ist, daß entlang des Heizelementes ein gewünschtes Wärmeprofil entsteht. Die Art des Wärmeprofils hängt von den Materialeigenschaften des Heizwiderstandes sowie dessen konstruktivem Aufbau und seiner Kontaktierung ab. Gut geeignetes Material für den Heizwiderstand ist Molybdändisilizid (MoSi2).A device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers, in particular for self-igniting internal combustion engines, is proposed, in which a fuel injection nozzle in the manner of a jet pump generates a fuel jet enveloped with an air jacket by an air guiding device. This air-enveloped fuel jet is passed through a heating element, the heat generation of which is distributed over its longitudinal measurement in such a way that a desired heat profile is produced along the heating element. The type of heat profile depends on the material properties of the heating resistor as well as its construction and its contact. Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) is a suitable material for the heating resistor.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Bei einer bekannten Einrichtung dieser Art (DE-PS 834 467) umschließt der Heizwendel einer Glühkerze den von einer Einspritzdüse austretenden Kraftstoffstrahl. Zusätzlich wird unsymmetrisch, seitlich, an einer Stelle des Einspritzkanals Frischluft aus dem Zylinder senkrecht zum eingespritzten Strahl geblasen. Dabei werden zwar Kraftstoffanteile, die vorher aufgeheizt wurden, beschleunigt in den Zylinder transportiert. Bei dieser bekannten Anordnüng ist es jedoch nachteilig, daß Kraftstoffteile auf den Heizwendel der Glühkerze auftreffen und dort teilweise verkohlen, und daß weiterhin von dem seitlich austretenden Frischluftstrahl Kraftstoffteilchen gegen die Wand des Einspritzkanals geblasen werden. Es findet keine optimale Verbrennung statt, was in Bezug auf Wirkungsgrad und Abgaszusammensetzung ungünstig ist.The invention relates to a device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to the preamble of the main claim. In a known device of this type (DE-PS 834 467), the heating coil of a glow plug encloses the fuel jet emerging from an injection nozzle. In addition, fresh air is blown out of the cylinder perpendicularly to the injected jet at one point on the injection channel, asymmetrically. Fuel parts that were previously heated up are transported accelerated into the cylinder. In this known arrangement, however, it is disadvantageous that fuel parts hit the heating coil of the glow plug and partially carbonize there, and that fuel particles continue to be blown against the wall of the injection channel by the fresh air jet emerging laterally. There is no optimal combustion, which is disadvantageous in terms of efficiency and exhaust gas composition.

Vorteile der ErfindunaAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß das Heizelement den unterschiedlichen Anforderungen von kurzer Aufheizzeit und guter Dauerglühqualität genügt. Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ergibt sich dadurch, daß die Temperatur des Heizelementes in seinem mittleren Bereich höher als in seinen äußeren Bereichen ist. Der mittlere, wesentlich heißere Bereich ermöglicht kurze Aufheizzeiten und aufgrund der höheren Temperaturdifferenz zu dem im Luftmantel vorbeiströmenden Kraftstoffstrahl einen besseren Wärmeübergang.The device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the heating element meets the different requirements of short heating-up time and good quality of annealing. An advantageous embodiment of the invention results from the fact that the temperature of the heating element is higher in its central region than in its outer regions. The middle, much hotter area enables short heating-up times and, due to the higher temperature difference to the fuel jet flowing in the air jacket, better heat transfer.

Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung besteht darin, daß das Heizelement den Kraftstoffstrahl berührungslos aufheizt. Dabei heizt besonders die intensive Infrarotstrahlung die Kraftstofftröpfchen der Luft-Kraftstoffverwirbelung auf, während die Luft durch Konvektion dort, wo sie am Heizelement vorbeiströmt, erhitzt wird. Das Kraftstoff-Luftgemisch ist somit wirkungsvoll für seine leichte Entflammbarkeit vorgeheizt, ohne daß das Heizelement mit Kraftstoff in Berührung kommt.Another significant advantage of the device according to the invention is that the heating element heats the fuel jet without contact. In particular, the intense infrared radiation heats up the fuel droplets of the air-fuel swirling, while the air is heated by convection where it flows past the heating element. The fuel-air mixture is thus effectively preheated for its easy flammability without the heating element coming into contact with fuel.

An den Bereichen, an denen das Heizelement eine niedrigere Temperatur aufweist, befindet sich die mechanische Halterung. Diese Halterung ist bei niedrigerer Temperatur wesentlich zuverlässiger auszuführen.The mechanical holder is located in the areas where the heating element has a lower temperature. This bracket is much more reliable at lower temperatures.

Diese gewünschte Temperaturverteilung wird in Weiterentwicklung des Erfindungsgedankens dadurch erzielt, daß das Heizelement als ein von elektrischem Strom durchflossenes Widerstandsheizelement ausgebildet ist, dessen Heizwiderstand in seinem mittleren Bereich höher ist, als in seinen äußeren Bereichen. Somit kann sehr genau ein am Heizelement gewünschtes Temperaturprofil gestaltet werden. Ein Widerstandsheizelement muß sehr betriebssicher kontaktiert werden, was in den Bereichen mit niedrigerer Temperatur gutbeherrschbar ist, ohne daß auf die Vorteile eines guten Wärmeüberganges und einer kurzen Aufheizzeit verzichtet werden muß.This desired temperature distribution is achieved in a further development of the inventive concept in that the heating element is designed as a resistance heating element through which electric current flows, the heating resistance of which is higher in its central region than in FIG outer areas. A temperature profile desired on the heating element can thus be designed very precisely. A resistance heating element must be contacted in a very reliable manner, which is easy to control in the areas with a lower temperature, without having to forego the advantages of good heat transfer and a short heating-up time.

Ein vorteilhaftes Konstruktionsmerkmal besteht darin, daß das Widerstandsheizelement als ein zylindrischer Glühkörper ausgebildet ist, der an seinen beiden Stirnflächen kontaktierbar ist. Dabei kann es günstig sein, daß der Durchmesser des zylindrischen Glühkörpers zu den Stirnflächen hin vergrößert ist. Der Glühkörper kann in dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung Träger des Heizwiderstandes sein und für die notwendige mechanische Festigkeit sorgen. Außerdem ermöglicht der größere Durchmesser der Stirnflächen einen größeren elektrisch wirksamen Querschnitt und eine besonders sichere Kontaktierung. Der Heizwiderstand wird dabei günstigerweise dadurch mit Speisestrom versorgt, daß an den Stirnflächen des Glühkörpers Kontaktierungsscheiben mittels geeigneten Lotes angebracht sind.An advantageous design feature is that the resistance heating element is designed as a cylindrical incandescent body which can be contacted on its two end faces. It may be favorable that the diameter of the cylindrical filament is increased towards the end faces. In this embodiment of the invention, the incandescent body can be the carrier of the heating resistor and provide the necessary mechanical strength. In addition, the larger diameter of the end faces enables a larger electrically effective cross section and a particularly reliable contact. The heating resistor is advantageously supplied with feed current in that contacting disks are attached to the end faces of the incandescent body by means of suitable solders.

In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Glühkörper mindestens in seinem mittleren Bereich als Wendelförmiger Heizwiderstand ausgebildet, dessen Widerstandswendel in seinem mittleren Bereich einen geringeren Querschnitt aufweisen, als in seinen äußeren Bereichen. Dieses Merkmal erlaubt auf einfache Weise, das Temperaturprofil über den Querschnitt des Widerstandswendel festzulegen, denn der elektrische Widerstand je Längeneinheit des wendelförmigen;Heizwiderstandes bedingt die erzeugte elektrische Heizleistung.In an advantageous development of the invention, the incandescent body is designed at least in its central region as a helical heating resistor, the resistance coils of which have a smaller cross section in its central region than in its outer regions. This feature makes it easy to determine the temperature profile over the cross section of the resistance coil, because the electrical resistance per unit length of the helical heating resistor causes the electrical heating power generated.

Insbesondere für keramische Widerstandsmaterialien lassen sich gut reproduzierbare Eigenschaften dadurch erzielen, daß der wendelförmige Heizwiderstand aus einem Rohr eines Widerstandsmaterials herausgefräst ist, wobei zur Querschnittsänderung der Widerstandswendel die Steigerung der gefrästen Wendel variabel ist. Dabei besteht in einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der wendelförmige Heizwiderstand aus dem Material Molybdändisilizid (MoSi2) , Die temperaturkritischen Zonen des Glühkörpers können nach diesem Erfindungsmerkmal den thermisch wenig belasteten Zonen an den Stirnseiten des Glühkörpers zugeordnet werden, denn bei dem Werkstoff MoSi2 kann im Langzeitbetrieb bei ca. 500° - 600° C sogenannte Tieftemperaturoxydation auftreten, andererseits erlauben geeignete Temperaturen an den Stirnseiten des Glühkörpers, daß die Kontaktierungsscheiben schmelzsicher an den Glühkörper anlötbar sind.Particularly for ceramic resistance materials, reproducible properties can be achieved by milling the helical heating resistor out of a tube of a resistance material, the increase in the milled coil being variable in order to change the cross section of the resistance coil. In an advantageous embodiment, the helical heating resistor consists of the material molybdenum disilicide (MoSi 2 ). According to this feature of the invention, the temperature-critical zones of the incandescent body can be assigned to the zones on the end faces of the incandescent body which are subject to little thermal stress, because in the long-term operation of the material MoSi 2 Approx. 500 ° - 600 ° C so-called low-temperature oxidation occur, on the other hand, suitable temperatures on the end faces of the incandescent body allow the contacting disks to be soldered to the incandescent body in a melt-proof manner.

Ist der wendelförmige Heizwiderstand aus dem Material MOSi2 gefertigt, und' aus einem Rohr dieses Materials herausgefräst, so kann es zur Verbesserung der mechanischen Festigkeit vorteilhaft sein, daß Stützmittel zwischen mindestens einigen Windungen des wendelförmigen Heizwiderstandes in der Art von Stegen vorhanden sind. Diese Stützmittel können dabei aus axial angebrachten Schichten elektrisch isolierender Keramikpaste bestehen, so daß die Vorteile von gewünschtem Temperaturprofil des Glühkörpers mit den Vorteilen des Widerstandsmaterials MoSi2 kombinierbar sind. Ein Vorteil des MOSi2 besteht darin, daß es einen sogenannten PTC-Effekt aufweist (Widerstandserhöhung bei Temperaturanstieg), so daß die Aufheizzeiten sehr kurz sind, und daß sich die aufgenommene elektrische Leistung ohne externes Steuergerät an wechselnde Lastzustände selbsttätig anpasst. Da MoSi2 sehr gute Hochtemperaturfestigkeit;aufweist, ist es als gut verfügbarer Stoff geeignet, Platinheizelemente zu ersetzen. Ein mechanisch besonders stabiler Glühkörper ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Stützmittel ein elektrisch isolierender Zylinder vorhanden ist, der den wendelförmigen Heizwiderstand umfaßt.If the helical heating resistor is made of the material M O Si 2 , and 'milled out of a tube of this material, it can be advantageous to improve the mechanical strength that support means are present between at least a few turns of the helical heating resistor in the manner of webs. These support means can consist of axially attached layers of electrically insulating ceramic paste, so that the advantages of the desired temperature profile of the incandescent body can be combined with the advantages of the resistance material MoSi 2 . An advantage of the M O Si 2 is that it has a so-called PTC effect (increase in resistance when the temperature rises), so that the heating-up times are very short, and that the electrical power consumed automatically adapts to changing load conditions without an external control device. Since MoSi 2 very good high-temperature strength, which is suitable as a readily available substance P latin heating elements to be replaced. A mecha nisch particularly stable incandescent body is characterized in that an electrically insulating cylinder is present as a support means, which includes the helical heating resistor.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführung des Erfindungsgedanken besteht darin, daß der zylindrische Glühkörper auf seiner Mantelfläche Löcher in der Art einer Perforation aufweist und daß die Dichte der Löcher in seinen mittleren Bereichen höher, als in seinen äußeren Bereichen ist. Dabei kann es für die Erzeugung des gewünschten Temperaturprofils bereits ausreichen, daß die Perforation nur in mittleren Bereichen des zylindrischen Glühkörpers vorhanden ist. Eine der Perforation gleichweritige Struktur kann auch dadurch erzielt werden, daß der zylindrische Glühkörper mindestens teilweise in der Art einer Zellenstruktur aufgebaut ist, wobei der wirksame elektrische Widerstand im mittleren Bereich,durch die Zellstruktur bedingt,höher, als in den äußeren Bereichen ist.Another advantageous embodiment of the inventive concept is that the cylindrical incandescent body has holes in the manner of a perforation on its outer surface and that the density of the holes is higher in its central regions than in its outer regions. For the generation of the desired temperature profile, it may be sufficient for the perforation to be present only in central regions of the cylindrical incandescent body. A structure equivalent to the perforation can also be achieved in that the cylindrical incandescent body is at least partially constructed in the manner of a cell structure, the effective electrical resistance in the central region, due to the cell structure, being higher than in the outer regions.

Weitere vorteilhafte Konstruktionsmerkmale gehen aus den in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung nachfolgend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen hervdr.Further advantageous design features emerge from the exemplary embodiments described below in connection with the drawing.

Zeichnungdrawing

Fig. 1 zeigt an einer Einspritzdüse ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung. Fig. 2 zeigt einen wendelförmigen Heizwiderstand, der als zylindrischer Glühkörper ausgebildet ist. Fig. 3 zeigt einen wendelförmigen Heizwiderstand mit Kontaktierungsscheiben. Fig. 4 zeigt zwei Ausgestaltungen.des Glühkörpers und Fig. 5 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem Glühkörper, der von einem Keramikschutzrohr umschlossen ist.1 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention on an injection nozzle. Fig. 2 shows a helical heating resistor which is designed as a cylindrical incandescent body. Fig. 3 shows a helical heating resistor with contacting washers. FIG. 4 shows two configurations of the incandescent body and FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment with a incandescent body which is enclosed by a ceramic protective tube.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist in einem Motorblock lo über einem Distanzring 11 eine Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse 12 mittels einer Düsenspannmutter 13 eingesetzt. Die Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse 12 weist eine in einem Düsenkörper 14 arbeitende Ventilnadel 15 auf. Mit der Düsenspannmutter 13 ist der Düsenkörper 14 an einen nicht in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Düsenhalter gespannt. In eine eingedrehte Nut 16 am brennraumseitigen Ende der Düsenspannmutter 13 ist ein Gehäuse 17 einer Heizvorrichtung befestigt. Der Boden des Düsenkörpers 14 ist über einen Stützteller 18 gegen das Gehäuse 17 der Heizvorrichtung abgestützt. Das Gehäuse 17 ist mit einem Deckel 19 brennraumseitig abgeschlossen. Stützteller 18 und Deckel 19 sind als konzentrische Elemente ausgebildet, so daß der Kraftstoffstrahl 2o ungehindert in den in der Fig. nicht weiter dargestellten Brennraum gelangen kann. Zwischen einer Kontaktierungsscheibe 21 und dem zur Kontaktierung mitverwendeten Deckel 19 befindet sich ein zylindrischer Glühkörper 22, dessen mechanische Festigkeit von einem oder mehreren Stützstegen 23 verbessert wird. Zur sicheren Kontaktierung des Deckels 19 über den Stützteller 18 mit dem Boden des Düsenkörpers 14 kann zwischen Stützteller 18 und Deckel 19 ein Kontaktsteg 24 vorgesehen sein. Die Betriebsspannung wird dem Glühkörper 22 über die mit ihm verbundene Kontaktierungsscheibe 21 zugeführt, die über einen Drahtbügel 25 und einen Kontaktstift 26 mit einer Zuleitung 27 verbunden ist. Der Kontaktstift 26 ist dabei Teil einer temperatur- und druckdicht eingelöteten elektrischen Durchführung 28 im Gehäuse 17. Das Gehäuse 17 weist Öffnungen 29 auf, durch die einerseits der Drahtbügel 25 zur Kontaktierungsscheibe 21 geführt ist und durch die andererseits ein Luftstrom aus dem Brennraum an den Boden des Düsenkörpers 14 gelangen kann, und zwar genau an die Stelle, wo der Kraftstoffstrahl 2o zwischen Düsenkörper 14 und Ventilnadel 15 entsteht.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a fuel injection nozzle 12 is inserted in an engine block 10 above a spacer ring 11 by means of a nozzle clamping nut 13. The fuel injection nozzle 12 has a valve needle 15 working in a nozzle body 14. The nozzle body 14 is clamped to a nozzle holder (not shown in FIG. 1) with the nozzle clamping nut 13. A housing 17 of a heating device is fastened in a screwed-in groove 16 at the end of the nozzle clamping nut 13 on the combustion chamber side. The bottom of the nozzle body 14 is supported via a support plate 18 against the housing 17 of the heating device. The housing 17 is closed with a cover 19 on the combustion chamber side. Support plate 18 and cover 19 are designed as concentric elements, so that the fuel jet 2o can freely enter the combustion chamber, which is not shown in the figure. Between a contacting disk 21 and the cover 19 used for contacting there is a cylindrical incandescent body 22, the mechanical strength of which is improved by one or more support webs 23. For secure contacting of the cover 19 via the support plate 18 with the bottom of the nozzle body 14, a contact web 24 can be provided between the support plate 18 and the cover 19. The operating voltage is supplied to the incandescent body 22 via the contacting disk 21 connected to it, which is connected to a lead 27 via a wire bracket 25 and a contact pin 26. The contact pin 26 is part of a temperature and pressure-tight soldered electrical feedthrough 28 in the housing 17. The housing 17 has openings 29 through which the wire bracket 25 is guided to the contacting disk 21 and through which, on the other hand, an air flow can get from the combustion chamber to the bottom of the nozzle body 14, precisely to the point where the fuel jet 2o arises between the nozzle body 14 and the valve needle 15.

Die Arbeitsweise des dargestellten Beispiels ist folgende: Ist die Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse für die Dauer eines Einspritzaktes geöffnet, so saugt der Kraftstoffstrahl nach dem Strahlpumpenprinzip Luft an, die ihn mantelförmig umgibt und so den zylindrischen Glühkörper passiert, daß dieser mit dem Kraftstoff nicht in Berührung kommt, sondern den Luftmantel aufheizt, der dann seinerseits den Kraftstoffmantel aufheizt. Es wird jedoch nicht nur der vorbeiströmende Luftmantel von dem Heizelement aufgeheizt, sondern die Infrarotstrahlung des Heizelementes wirkt auf die Kraftstofftröpfchen des eingespritzten Kraftstoffstrahles 'ein und erhitzt sie. Dadurch, daß der Düsenboden mit Frischluft umspült wird, kann sich die Düse nicht mit Rußteilen zusetzen und die Qualität bezüglich Menge und Tröpfchengröße des Kraftstoffstrahels bleibt über lange Betriebszeiten gleichbleibend.The working principle of the example shown is as follows: If the fuel injector is open for the duration of an injection cycle, the fuel jet draws in air according to the jet pump principle, which surrounds it in a jacket-like manner and thus passes through the cylindrical filament that it does not come into contact with the fuel, but rather heats up the air jacket, which then in turn heats up the fuel jacket. However, it is heated not only the passing air jacket from the heating element, but the infrared radiation of the heating element acts on the fuel droplets of the injected fuel jet 'and heats it. Because the nozzle base is flushed with fresh air, the nozzle cannot become clogged with soot and the quality with regard to the quantity and droplet size of the fuel jet remains constant over long operating times.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt einen als wendelförmigen Heizwiderstand ausgebildeten zylindrischen Glühkörper ohne Kontaktierungsscheiben. Der zylindrische Glühkörper 22 besteht aus einem wendelförmigen Heizwiderstand 36, wobei dessen Querschnitt in einem mittleren Bereich 37 des Glühkörpers 22 niedriger und somit der Widerstand höher ist, als in seinen äußeren Bereichen 38. Dadurch wirkt der Bereich 37 als Hochtemperaturbereich, da sein auf die Länge des Heizwiderstandes bezogener Widerstand höher ist, als in den äußeren Bereichen 38. Die äußeren Bereiche 38 werden zu einem Niedertemperaturbereich, der geringere elektrische Widerstand hat eine geringere Stromwärme zur Folge, so daß hier eine haltbare Kontaktierung und Befestigung möglich ist.2 shows a cylindrical incandescent body designed as a helical heating resistor without contacting disks. The cylindrical incandescent body 22 consists of a helical heating resistor 36, the cross section of which is lower in a central region 37 of the incandescent body 22 and thus the resistance is higher than in its outer regions 38. The region 37 thus acts as a high-temperature region, because of its length of the heating resistor-related resistance is higher than in the outer regions 38. The outer regions 38 become a low-temperature region, the lower electrical resistance results in lower current heat, so that a durable contact and fastening is possible here.

In der Fig. 3 ist der wendelförmige Heizwiderstand 36, der zwischen zwei Kontaktierungsscheiben 21 befestigt ist, zwischen seinen Wendeln mit axial angebrachten Schichten 41 aus Keramikpaste mechsnisch verfestigt.3, the helical heating resistor 36, which is fastened between two contacting disks 21, is mechanically solidified between its coils with axially attached layers 41 of ceramic paste.

Das in Fig. 4 gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel eines zylindrischen Glühkörpers 22 ist in den beiden Varianten A und B dargestellt. Beide Varianten enthalten zur Halterung und Kontaktierung Endbünde 42. Bei der Variante A wird der als Hochtemperaturbereich arbeitende mittlere Bereich 37 durch eine zellenähnliche Perforation 4o gebildet, die den Querschnitt des Widerstandsmaterials verringert und damit eine Widerstandserhöhung herbeiführt. In der Variante B der Fig. 4 ist der wendelförmige Heizwiderstand 36 gezeigt, der aufgrund der gleichförmigen Steigung im gesamten Wendelbereich gleichen Querschnitt aufweist. Die gewünschte Temperaturabsenkung im Kontaktierbereich bewirkt hier die stark ausgebildeten Endbünde 42 durch ihren niederen elektrischen Widerstand. Die Wendel 36 . kann, ebenso wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt, abgestützt sein.The embodiment of a cylindrical incandescent body 22 shown in FIG. 4 is shown in the two variants A and B. Both variants contain end collars 42 for holding and contacting. In variant A, the central region 37 working as a high-temperature region is formed by a cell-like perforation 40 which reduces the cross section of the resistance material and thus brings about an increase in resistance. In variant B of FIG. 4, the helical heating resistor 36 is shown, which has the same cross section due to the uniform pitch in the entire coil area. The desired lowering of the temperature in the contact area results in the strongly formed end collars 42 due to their low electrical resistance. The spiral 36. can, as shown in Fig. 3, be supported.

Das in Fig. 5 gezeigte Heizelement zeigt den zylindrischen Glühkörper 22 innerhalb eines Keramikstützrohres 43. Der Glühkörper weist dabei in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel nur einen Endbund 42 auf. Er ist, wie in der Fig. angedeutet, als wendelförmiger Heizwiderstand ausgebildet, der nun nicht gleichzeitig nach mechanischen Fertigkeitskriterien konstruiert ist, da das Keramikstutzrohr 43 für mechanische Festigkeit sorgt.The heating element shown in FIG. 5 shows the cylindrical incandescent body 22 within a ceramic support tube 43. In this exemplary embodiment, the incandescent body has only one end collar 42. As indicated in the figure, it is designed as a helical heating resistor, which is now not constructed at the same time according to mechanical skill criteria, since the ceramic support tube 43 ensures mechanical strength.

Der Glühkörper liegt zwischen den beiden Kontaktierungsschei- ben (21) und wird von dort her mit Betriebsspannung versorgt.The incandescent body lies between the two contacting disks (21) and is supplied with operating voltage from there.

Claims (15)

1. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen, insbesondere für selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschinen, mit einer Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse, die entsprechend des Arbeitszyklus' der Brennkraftmaschine einen Kraftstoffstrahl erzeugt,mit einer Luftleitvorrichtung, durch die der Kraftstoffstrahl nach Art einer Strahlpumpe Verbrennungsluft ansaugt, die den Kraftstoffstrahl mit einem Luftmantel umhüllt und mit einer Heizvorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizvorrichtung aus einem Heizelement besteht, dessen Wärmeerzeugung über seine Längsabmessung in der Art verteilt ist, daß in seinem mittleren Bereich (37) eine andere Temperatur als in seinen äußeren Bereichen (38) herrscht.1.Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers, in particular for self-igniting internal combustion engines, with a fuel injection nozzle that generates a fuel jet according to the working cycle of the internal combustion engine, with an air guiding device through which the fuel jet draws combustion air in the manner of a jet pump, which draws the fuel jet with a Air jacket enveloped and with a heating device, characterized in that the heating device consists of a heating element, the heat generation of which is distributed over its longitudinal dimension in such a way that a different temperature prevails in its central region (37) than in its outer regions (38). 2. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Temperatur des Heizelementes in seinem mittleren Bereich (37) höher als in seinen äußeren Bereichen (38) ist.2. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the heating element in its central region (37) is higher than in its outer regions (38). 3. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Heizelement als ein von elektrischem Strom durchflossenes Widerstandsheizelement ausgebildet ist, dessen Heizwiderstand in seinem mittleren Bereich (37) höher als in seinen äußeren Bereichen (38) ist.3. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 2, characterized in that the heating element is designed as a resistance heating element through which electrical current flows sen heating resistor in its central region (37) is higher than in its outer regions (38). 4. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Widerstandsheizelement als ein zylindrischer Glühkörper (22) ausgebildet ist, der an seinen beiden Stirnflächen kontaktierbar ist.4. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 3, characterized in that the resistance heating element is designed as a cylindrical incandescent body (22) which can be contacted on its two end faces. 5. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser des zylindrischen Glühkörpers zu den Stirnflächen hin (42) vergrößert ist.5. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 4, characterized in that the diameter of the cylindrical filament towards the end faces (42) is increased. 6. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an den Stirnflächen des Glühkörpers Kontaktierungsscheiben (21) mittels geeigneten Lotes angebracht sind.6. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that contacting disks (21) are attached to the end faces of the incandescent body by means of suitable solders. 7. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 4 und einem der Unteransprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zylinderförmige Glühkörper (22) mindestens in seinem mittleren Bereich (37) als wendelförmiger Heizwiderstand (36) ausgebildet ist, dessen Widerstandswendel in seinem mittleren Bereich (37) einen geringeren Querschnitt aufweisen, als in den äußeren Bereichen (38).7. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 4 and one of the subclaims, characterized in that the cylindrical incandescent body (22) is designed at least in its central region (37) as a helical heating resistor (36) whose resistance coil is in its central region (37) have a smaller cross section than in the outer regions (38). 8. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der wendelförmige Heizwiderstand (36) aus einem Rohr eines Widerstandsmaterials herausgefräst ist, wobei zur Querschnittsänderung der Widerstandswendel die Steigung der gefrästen Wendel variabel ist.8. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 7, characterized in that the helical heating resistor (36) is milled out of a tube of a resistance material, wherein to change the cross section of the resistance helix, the slope of the milled helix is variable. 9. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 7 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der wendeiförmige Heizwiderstand (36) aus dem Material MOSi2 besteht.9. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 7 and 8, characterized in that the helical heating resistor (36) consists of the material M O Si 2 . lo. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 7 und weiteren Unteransprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Stützmittel zwischen mindestens einigen Windungen des wendelförmigen Heizwiderstandes (36)in der Art von Stegen vorhanden sind.lo. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 7 and further subclaims, characterized in that support means are present in the manner of webs between at least some turns of the helical heating resistor (36). 11. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch lo, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützmittel aus axial angebrachten Schichten (41) isolierender Keramikpaste gebildet sind.11. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 10, characterized in that the support means are formed from axially applied layers (41) of insulating ceramic paste. 12. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Stützmittel ein isolierender Zylinder (43) vorhanden ist, der den wendelförmigen Heizwiderstand umfaßt.12. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 1 0 , characterized in that an insulating cylinder (43) is present as a support means, which comprises the helical heating resistor. 13. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 4 und einem der folgenden Unteransprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zylindrische Glühkörper (22) auf seiner Mantelfläche Löcher in der Art einer Perforation (4o) aufweist, und daß die Dichte der Löcher in seinem mittleren Bereich (37) höher als in seinen äußeren Bereichen (37) ist.13. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 4 and one of the following subclaims, characterized in that the cylindrical incandescent body (22) has holes in the manner of a perforation (4o) on its outer surface, and that the density of the holes in it middle area (37) is higher than in its outer areas (37). 14. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Perforation (4o) nur im mittleren Bereich (37) des zylindrischen Glühkörpers vorhanden ist.14. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 12, characterized in that the perforation (4o) is only present in the central region (37) of the cylindrical filament. 15. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräumen nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zylindrische Glühkörper (22) mindestens teilweise in der Art einer Zellstruktur aufgebaut ist, wobei der wirksame elektrische Widerstand im mittleren Bereich (37) durch die Zellstruktur bedingt höher als in den äußeren Bereichen (37) ist.15. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the cylindrical incandescent body (22) is at least partially constructed in the manner of a cell structure, the effective electrical resistance in the central region (37) being caused by the cell structure is higher than in the outer areas (37).
EP84116262A 1984-04-14 1984-12-22 Apparatus for injecting fuel into combustion chambers Expired EP0158739B1 (en)

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DE19843414201 DE3414201A1 (en) 1984-04-14 1984-04-14 DEVICE FOR INJECTING FUEL IN COMBUSTION ROOMS
DE3414201 1984-04-14

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WO1987006977A1 (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-11-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
WO1987006978A1 (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-11-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
US4788953A (en) * 1986-05-09 1988-12-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
US4821696A (en) * 1986-05-09 1989-04-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
EP0423108B1 (en) * 1986-12-16 1993-04-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vapor phase injector
EP0302637B1 (en) * 1987-08-07 1993-12-08 LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company Fuel injector
DE3805933A1 (en) * 1988-02-25 1989-09-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Device for injecting fuel
DE3805933C2 (en) * 1988-02-25 1998-04-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert Device for injecting fuel
FR2636676A1 (en) * 1988-09-21 1990-03-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert DEVICE FOR THE INJECTION OF FUEL IN THE EXPLOSION CHAMBER OF A SELF-IGNITION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, COMPRISING A DIAPHRAGM REGULATING AND DIRECTING FUEL JETS AND AIR ASPIRE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0158739A3 (en) 1986-11-26
JPS60219450A (en) 1985-11-02
DE3471718D1 (en) 1988-07-07
US4572146A (en) 1986-02-25
DE3414201A1 (en) 1985-10-17
EP0158739B1 (en) 1988-06-01

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