EP0158632A1 - Gas distributor for fluidised beds - Google Patents
Gas distributor for fluidised bedsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0158632A1 EP0158632A1 EP19830903391 EP83903391A EP0158632A1 EP 0158632 A1 EP0158632 A1 EP 0158632A1 EP 19830903391 EP19830903391 EP 19830903391 EP 83903391 A EP83903391 A EP 83903391A EP 0158632 A1 EP0158632 A1 EP 0158632A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- gas distributor
- casing
- fluid bed
- solids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
- F26B3/082—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed arrangements of devices for distributing fluidising gas, e.g. grids, nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/44—Fluidisation grids
Definitions
- Gas distributor for fluidised beds INTRODUCTION Most fluid bed dryers are faced with complex design problems in introducing hot gases uniformly into a fluidising zone of solids.
- the concept used is to form a barrier between the hot gas and fluidising zones, using a horizontal or slightly inclined plate into which gas passages are incorporated that control the uniform distribution of hot gases to the fluidising material.
- This plate is sometimes constructed from wholly refractory material, or heat resisting steel or a combination of carbon steel and heat resisting steel and in each case allowance has to be made for thermal expansion of the component parts of the plate whilst maintaining a gas pressure seal between the hot gas and fluidising zones.
- DESIGN CONCEPT Hot gas for the drying or heat treatment process is provided by a combustion system 2 mounted horizontally or vertically on one end of the treatment chamber arranged to pass the hot gases into a mixing chamber 1.
- the hot gases from the combuster are mixed with cool dilution air in the mixing chamber to achieve the desired inlet hot gas temperature to the treatment process.
- the mixing chamber is constructed preferably with a double steel shelled arrangement with the inner shell being refractory lined.
- the cavity between the two shells is used to introduce the dilution; air so that the heat losses through the casing are minimised and the dilution air is preheated.
- the hot gas distributor 3 is formed by a plurality of horizontal or slightly inclined tubes of typically 300mm to 400mm in diameter mounted on flanges in the lower half of the mixing chambers.
- the tubes may be other than of circular cross-section, for example, they may be square or flat-topped. These tubes are constructed in heat resisting steel that will withstand the hot gas mixture without additional insulation or cooling, "Incaloy" being a typical material of construction.
- In each tube are welded a number of distributor jets 4 that are capped to prevent the ingress of solids into the tube, whilst at the same time allowing a uniform distribution of hot gases over the whole length of the tube.
- the jets are typically pitched at 100mm but different pitches can be selected to suit the need of the process. It is also possible to use a plurality of small holes instead of the capped jets again depending on the process requirements.
- the jets or holes in the tubes create an even distribution of the hot gases exiting along the tube length to provide uniform fluidising conditions.
- the fixture of the tubes at the mixing chamber end is by flanges on the tubes being bolted to mounting spigots at the hot air end of the casing and because this is the only mounting, the tubes are free to expand towards the discharge end of the dryer without further restriction.
- the tube weight is taken on simple cross support members 5 .
- the lower casing 6 of the dryer is constructed in carbon steel and is a simple enclosure without refractory or insulating material, a necessary requirement in most other plenum chambers.
- the dryer top casing 7 is again a simple carbon steel construction into which the material feed chute and dryer gas outlet are mounted.
- the material to be processed enters into the feed chute in the top casing and initially fills the voids in the lower casing below and between the distributor tubes.
- This static layer of material forms an adequate insulation effect between the tubes and casing.
- a prepacked loose fill of an inert material can be used to pre-load the lower casing. Simple keep plates between the tubes can be added to reduce the contamination between the inert charge and the material being processed.
- the incoming material is fluidised in the lower chamber immediately above the tubes at a controlled depth to suit the treatment process.
- the fluidised material passed uniformly along the length of the vessel and is discharged through an opening at end remote from the mixing chamber.
- the method of controlled discharge may be a weir or plug flowsystem, both of which are well known on dryers using the fluid bed principle.
- the gases leave the dryer through the off-take duct in the upper casing and pass to dust collection equipment.
- the hot gases leaving the combustion chamber are between 1400°C and 1600°C and after dilution In the mixing chamber the inlet temperature would be 850°C or less, typically 800°C.
- the pressure of the gas in the mixing chamber would be approximately 25 to 30" W.G.
- the hot gases pass through the tube distributor system which has a pressure drop of about 10" W.G. at the operating temperature and the fluid bed solids will have a temperature of between 60°C and 140°C depending on the degree of drying required.
- the bed depth of fluidised material is between 6" and 12".
- ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION Simpler, troublefree distributor construction which requires no refactory or air cooling and no expansion allowance.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
On fait passer des gaz chauds provenant d'un système de combustion au travers d'une pluralité de tubes horizontaux ou légèrement inclinés (3) dans lesquels un grand nombre de gicleurs de distribution (4) sont adaptés et régulent l'écoulement de gaz chaud dans un lit fluidisé de solides. Les tubes sont montés à une extrémité pour leur permettre de se dilater librement sans qu'il y ait de fuites de gaz chaud. Les espaces entre les tubes permettent aux solides de passer entre eux et forment une couche statique protégeant l'enveloppe de la chambre du lit fluidisé. Ces solides peuvent être constitués par un matériau en cours de traitement ou un autre matériau plus approprié à l'isolation. Le distributeur à tubes constitue un système simple et fiable pour la distribution de gaz chaud dans un lit fluidisé et élimine de nombreux problèmes associés aux distributeurs des types à plaque d'acier, à voûte réfractaire et à plaques multiples refroidies par air.Hot gases from a combustion system are passed through a plurality of horizontal or slightly inclined tubes (3) in which a large number of distribution nozzles (4) are adapted and regulate the flow of hot gas in a fluidized bed of solids. The tubes are mounted at one end to allow them to expand freely without any hot gas leaking. The spaces between the tubes allow the solids to pass between them and form a static layer protecting the envelope of the fluidized bed chamber. These solids can consist of a material being processed or another material more suitable for insulation. The tube distributor is a simple and reliable system for distributing hot gas in a fluidized bed and eliminates many of the problems associated with distributors of the steel plate, refractory vault, and air-cooled multiple plate types.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1983/000261 WO1985001674A1 (en) | 1983-10-14 | 1983-10-14 | Gas distributor for fluidised beds |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0158632A1 true EP0158632A1 (en) | 1985-10-23 |
Family
ID=10535968
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19830903391 Withdrawn EP0158632A1 (en) | 1983-10-14 | 1983-10-14 | Gas distributor for fluidised beds |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0158632A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1985001674A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI37268A (en) * | 1965-12-23 | 1967-10-10 | Outokumpu Oy | The grate of a fluidized bed furnace |
GB1368094A (en) * | 1971-08-09 | 1974-09-25 | Dorr Oliver Inc | Fluidized bed apparatus |
GB1419811A (en) * | 1973-06-08 | 1975-12-31 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Fluidised bed apparatus |
US4085516A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1978-04-25 | Dorr-Oliver Incorporated | Fluidized bed drying process for porous materials |
GB2073041B (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1983-11-23 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Fluidised bed distributor plates |
-
1983
- 1983-10-14 EP EP19830903391 patent/EP0158632A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-10-14 WO PCT/GB1983/000261 patent/WO1985001674A1/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8501674A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1985001674A1 (en) | 1985-04-25 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR LI NL SE Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR LI NL SE |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19850717 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: ASHMAN, NEVILLE, DAVID |