EP0155975A1

EP0155975A1 - Cooling apparatus for dot matrix impact print head

Info

Publication number: EP0155975A1
Application number: EP84103273A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Carlo Falcetti
Original assignee: Honeywell Bull Italia SpA; Honeywell Information Systems Italia SpA
Current assignee: Bull HN Information Systems Italia SpA
Priority date: 1984-03-24
Filing date: 1984-03-24
Publication date: 1985-10-02
Also published as: US4579469A; EP0155975B1; DE3466959D1

Abstract

Cooling apparatus for dot matrix impact print head suitable for application in serial printers, where the print head is mounted on a carriage (7) sliding on guiding bars (4, 5) for reciprocating movement thereon, comprising a liquid filled container (10) with inlet (11) and outlet (12) mounted on the carriage and in termal contact with the printing head, a heat dissipator mounted in the printer and having a liquid filled cavity with inlet and outlet, flexible conduits connected to said inlets and outlets so as to form a liquid circulation loop and a unidirectional fluid valve (28) in said loop so that liquid circulation is induced in said loop by the reciprocating movement of the liquid container. …<??>In the preferred form of embodiment the liquid container is formed integral with the print head, the liquid in the container being in direct contact with electromagnetic cores of the print head, and the heat dissipator is formed by a guiding bar, the bar being hollow and having inlet and outlet.

Description

The invention relates to a cooling apparatus for dot matrix impact print head of the kind used in dot matrix serial printers.
It is known that in dot matrix serial printers a printing head sli- dally mounted on guiding bars is moved along a print line in front of and trasverse to a print support to perform printing thereon.
The print head includes a set of printing needles or equivalent elements, which are energized by a corresponding set of electromagnets, to transfer, by inpact pressure, the pigment of an inked ribbon to the printing support.
In spite of the several improvements which have been adopted in the art to increase the efficiency of the electromagnets, most of the elec trical power supplied to the electromagnetic actuators, is not conver ted in printing work, but it is wasted in hysteresis losses within the magnetic materials forming the electromagnet cores and in resistive losses within the electromagnet coils.
These losses develop heat which must be dissipated.
Heat dissipation is usually obtained by thermal exchange with the air surrounding the print head owing to the difference in temperature which arises between the print head body and the surrounding air.
To improve the thermal exchange and to limit the thermal step between air and print head cooling elements are often used which by means of finger or wing shaped portions, increase the thermal exchange surface. The print head movement is further exploited to increase the thermal transfer, and in some cases air flow is further induced by fans.
In spite of these expedient, print head overheating is often a problem expecially in case of high speed printing heads which problem is not completely overcome.
Thus in order to prevent print head damages, in several printers, ther mal sensors are used, which senses the temperature in the printing head and which inhibit its further operation when a preestablished temperature ceiling is reached.
The heating problem becomes further crucial in those printers where, in order ro reduce the noise caused by the electromagnet operation the whole print head is enclosed in a noise deadening material which grea tly reduces the thermal conductivity of the print head body and substantially causes the thermal isolation of the print head.
Sane form of indirect cooling may be foreseen to overcome such problem. For instance liquid cooling is much more efficient than air cooling, but for its effectiveness a complex and relatively expensive apparatus is required, involving the use of a pump, and heat radiators.
As far as it is known, no attempts have been made in this direction. The invention, as claimed. is intended to remedy these drawbacks.
It solves the problem of how to provide liquid cooling of a print head with very simple and unexpensive means.
Basically the invention originates from the simple consideration that the print head, when in operation, is affected by a reciprocating move ment along the print line and that such movement can be used to induce a relative displacement of a fluid surrounding the printing head, due to the fluid inertia.
Thus the print head itself may be used as a pumping element.
A second consideration is that the guiding bars, already provided for guiding the print head in its reciprocating movement can be used as coolers.
In fact they are usually made by steel and inherently have an high thermal conductivity.
Thus the guiding bars may substitute for any additional and cost increasing heat radiator.
In case the platen or sane suitable portion of the printer frame may also be used as heat radiator.
Therefore the invention, as claimed, may be carried out by suitable and unexpensive modification of elements already existing in serial printers, with the sole addition of unexpensive fluid conduits.
The feature and the advantages of the invention will appear more clear ly from the following description of a preferred embodiment and from the attached drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a serial printer frame including the cooling apparatus of the invention.
Figure 2 is a perspective exploded view of a printing head portion, suitably modified in accordance with the invention.

With reference to Fig. 1, a serial printer frame as the one shown, con sists of a base plate 1, two side plates 2, 3, two parallel cylindrical bars 4, 5 fixelly mounted between the side plates, and a platen 6. The platen may be either in the form of a cylindrical drum; rotatably mounted between the side plates, or a prismatic bar fixedly mounted between the side plates, as shown in Fig. 1.
A carriage 7 is slidably mounted on the guiding bars 4, 5 and coupled by transmission means, not shown, to a motor.
By suitable energization of the motor the carriage 7 may be moved along the bars 4, 5 in both direction in a reciprocating movement.
A print head is fixedly mounted on carriage 7.
As known, the print head is basically composed of a needle guiding group in form of a nose 8 and an electromagnet group 9.
When the carriage moves along the guiding bars, the print head mounted thereto traverses a printing support, not shown, laid down onto the platen, so that by suitable and selective energization of the electro magnets in the print head, the needles are selectively actuated to per form dot impression on the printing support.
In order to understand the invention no further details are required as to the structure of the dot matrix printer, which details may be ea sily found in the literature.
As to the print head, US Pat. 4,260,270 is exemplary of a dot matrix printing head structure and the European Patent Application published with N. 58901 shows a preferred embodiment of electromagnet assembly for dot matrix printing head.
When the electromagnets in the electromagnet group 9 are energized, hystereses losses, eddy current losses and resistive losses occur so that the electromagnet group 9 may be taken as a source of heat which must be dissipated.
According to the invention the electromagnet group 9 is surrounded by a toroidal body 10 in thermally conductive contact with the electroma gnet group 9 and preferably in direct thermally conductive contact with sane portion of the electromagnet cores.
As it is more clearly shown in fig. 2 the toroidal body 10 is hollow. The body 10 has an inlet 11 to the cavity and an outlet 12.
Guiding bar 4, too, is hollow and its cavity 14 has an inlet 15 and an outlet 16.
A flexible, plastic or rubber conduit 17 connect the inlet 11 to the outlet 16 and a flexible, plastic or rubber conduit 18 connects the out let 12 to the inlet 15, so that a circulation loop for a fluid is obtained.
The cavity in body 10, the bar cavity 14 and the conduits 17,18 are fil led with refrigerating liquid, preferably a non electrically conductive liquid, such as oil.
Inlet 11 is provided, as more clearly shown in fig. 2 with a no return or unidirectional stop valve, so that liquid may flow from conduit 17 into the body 10, not viceversa.
It is clear that when the print head is accelerated from the right side of the printer frame, as shown in Fig. 1, to the left side, the liquid contained in body 10 cavity, due to its inertia, is partially drained in conduit 18 and the liquid contained in conduit 17 is partially suctioned in the body 10 cavity to replace the same liquid amount which left the cavity.
In this way a fluid flow is established in the fluid loop.
When the print head is decelerated to stop at the left side of the printer frame, the reverse fluid flow is prevented by the unidirectio nal stop valve provided in the loop.
In the same way, when the print head is accelerated from the left side to the right side of the printer, no reverse fluid occurs, and a direct fluid flow occurs when the print head is decelerated to stop at the right side of the printer frame.
It is therefore clear that heat developed in the electromagnet group is transferred by thermal conductivity to the liquid in the hollow body 1Q and it is taken out from the hollow body 10 and brought into cavity 14 of bar 4 thanks to the liquid flow in the path.
Even assuming that body 10 and conduits 17, 18 do not dissipate heat, because thermally insulated from the surrounding air, or because of a very low thermal conductivity, liquid cooling may be provided by bar 4. Bar 4 is usually a steel bar, and therefore it is characterized by a high thermal conductivity.
Moreover, it offers a broad surface for thermal exchange with the sur rounding air, and further being placed in an horizontal position, indu ces air convective flow along its full length, which flow enhances the thermal exchange.
_Fig. 2 shows in exploded view two preferred forms of embodiment of the hollow toroidal body 10, in the first form the body 10 being integral to the electromagnet group 9.
The already mentioned european patent application published with n 58901 discloses a preferred embodiment of electromagnet assembly where the individual electromagnet cores and related energization coils of a prin ting head are englobed, by a molding process, in heat hardened plastic forming a unitary assembly. Such assembly is shown as B in Fig. 2. Assembly B is essentially shaped as a cylindrical plastic body 19 provi ded with a central cylindrical opening 20 and with a toroidal neck 21 having a diameter rather greater than the one of cylindrical body 19. The cores of the electromagnets are radially and uniformly arranged with in the plastic assembly with bare portions of the cores protruding from the outer cylindrical surface of the body. This kind of assembly may be used to obtain a hollow body 10 integral thereto. To this purpose it suffices to have a plastic molded cap, as the one shown as A in Fig. 2. Cap A in form of cylindrical bushing, has inner diameter equal to the diameter of neck 21. The bushing is provided with a toroidal neck 22 projecting inwardly and having a diameter equal to the diameter of cylin drical body 19.
Toroidal neck=22 is provided with suitable indentations 23, mating that portion of the cores which protrude from body 19.
Bushing A is further provided with an input pipe fitting 24 and related inlet opening 25 and with an output pipe fitting 26 and related outlet opening 27.
Unidirectional stop valve is formed at inlet 25 by means of flexible plastic or rubber tongue 28 fixed by its upper portion 29 to the inner wall of cap A.
Cap A is inserted on assembly B so as to form, together with assembly B the toroidal hollow body 10 of fig. 1
Obviously cap A is bounded to assembly B by glueing, thermocompression or any other suitable means which may provide a sealing of the. recess so formed, thereafter to be filled with liquid.
It is clear that the body so formed provides for an optimized thermal transfer between the heat source and the cooling liquid because the liquid is in direct contact with the cores.
Whilst simple, unexpensive and efficient, the body so formed has the disadvantage that being integral to the electromagnet assembly, hence integral to the print head, removal of the print head from the printer for replacement, repair or maintenance, is not possible without draining of the liquid in the apparatus.
Moreover, in case the electromagnet assembly is not englobed in a unitary assembly a sealed recess cannot be obtained by the mere use of a cap as the one shown in Fig. 2.
As an alternative embodiment, hollow body 10 may be obtained by combination of cap A with a bush as the one shown by C in Fig. 2.
Bush C, preferably in thermally conductive material such as aluminium or plastic with metallic filler substitutes for the electromagnet assembly B.
The shape and size of bush C, shown as a hollow cylinder, may be suita bly arranged for establishing a good mechanical contact with the elements from which heat has to be drained, at to which it may be fastened in removable way.
With this alternative embodiment it is clear that removal of the print head from the printer does not require draining of the cooling apparatus.
It is clear that the cooling apparatus described in connection with figures 1 and 2 is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and that several changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
In particular:

- The liquid containing body shown generically as a collar surrounding the print head may have any form and disposition as to the printing head, provided good thermal conductivity is established between the liquid containing body and the heat source.
- The unidirectional valve, may be located everywhere in the fluid loop.
- As a heat radiator, it is possible to use both guiding bars 4, 5 as well as platen 6 or other frame elements, in series or parallel each other, provided such elements are made hollow or, if so preferred, a heat radiator other than a functional and already existing element of the printer may be provided.

Claims

1. Cooling apparatus for dot matrix impact print head, suitable for application in serial printers where the print head is mounted on a carriage sliding on guiding bars for reciprocating movement there on, and printing operation is performed on a printing support laid down on a platen during said print head movement, characterized by that it comprises:

- a liquid filled container mounted on said carriage and in thermal contact with said printing head, said liquid container having in let and outlet,

- a heat dissipator in said printer, having a liquid filled cavity with inlet and outlet,

- flexible conduits connecting the inlet of said container with the outlet of said dissipator cavity and the outlet of said container with the inlet of said dissipator cavity, whereby a liquid circulation loop is formed, and

- a unidirectional fluid valve in said loop, so that liquid circuit tion is induced in said loop by the reciprocating movement of said carriage and said container mounted thereon.

2. Cooling apparatus as claimed in claim 1 characterized by that said heat dissipator comprises at least one of said guiding bars, said one guiding bar being hollow and having inlet and outlet for connec tion to said liquid circulation loop.

3. Cooling apparatus as claimed in claim 1 characterized by that said unidirectional fluid valve is formed in said liquid filled container at the inlet thereof and consists in a resilient leaf closing and opening said inlet owing to the differential pressure induced on said liquid by the reciprocating movement of said carriage.

4. Cooling apparatus as claimed in claim 1 characterized by that said liquid filled container is formed integrally to said printing head, said printing head having a liquid filled cavity with inlet and out let formed integrally therein.

5. Cooling apparatus as claimed in claim 4 characterized by that said liquid filled cavity of said print head provides direct contact of said liquid with electromagnetic cores in said print head.