EP0155415A1 - Appareil d'entraînement pour les muscles de rotation des jambes - Google Patents

Appareil d'entraînement pour les muscles de rotation des jambes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0155415A1
EP0155415A1 EP84301765A EP84301765A EP0155415A1 EP 0155415 A1 EP0155415 A1 EP 0155415A1 EP 84301765 A EP84301765 A EP 84301765A EP 84301765 A EP84301765 A EP 84301765A EP 0155415 A1 EP0155415 A1 EP 0155415A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
air
pressure
support
piston rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84301765A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0155415B1 (fr
Inventor
William Gvoich
John Burgess Rogers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CA000385955A priority Critical patent/CA1172666A/fr
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE8484301765T priority patent/DE3478575D1/de
Priority to EP19840301765 priority patent/EP0155415B1/fr
Priority to AT84301765T priority patent/ATE43790T1/de
Publication of EP0155415A1 publication Critical patent/EP0155415A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0155415B1 publication Critical patent/EP0155415B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B22/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for conditioning the cardio-vascular system, for training agility or co-ordination of movements
    • A63B22/14—Platforms for reciprocating rotating motion about a vertical axis, e.g. axis through the middle of the platform
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B23/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body
    • A63B23/035—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously
    • A63B23/04—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously for lower limbs
    • A63B23/0482—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously for lower limbs primarily by articulating the hip joints
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B23/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body
    • A63B2023/003—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body by torsion of the body part around its longitudinal axis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/008—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resisters
    • A63B21/0085—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resisters using pneumatic force-resisters
    • A63B21/0087—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resisters using pneumatic force-resisters of the piston-cylinder type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2208/00—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player
    • A63B2208/02—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player posture
    • A63B2208/0204—Standing on the feet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2208/00—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player
    • A63B2208/02—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player posture
    • A63B2208/0228—Sitting on the buttocks
    • A63B2208/0233—Sitting on the buttocks in 90/90 position, like on a chair

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the field of muscle development, exercise and rehabilitation and more particularly, to a new rotator muscle exercise apparatus.
  • the present invention relates to the development of rotator muscles with particular reference to resistance exercise.
  • Exercise for the muscles responsible for rotational movement of the leg is advocated for many reasons, including, inter aZia, to increase strength, to maintain existing strength, to prevent injury, to rehabilitate when injury occurs, and to improve or maintain flexibility.
  • the importance of strength training to conditioning programmes for athletic participation is sometimes overlooked in favour of cardiorespiratory endurance development, but both should be considered in conditioning programmes.
  • the central nervous system undergoes adaptions during strength training that permit an individual to more fully use the available muscle capacity.
  • the basic muscle capacity itself may also increase in the form of hypertrophy and structural changes.
  • the most efficient mode of training would appear to be one in which the muscles are activated in as similar a manner as possible to that of the actual athletic performance, so that the central nervous system uses specific consistent neural pathways.
  • a strength-training unit designed to specifically exercise the muscles involved in leg rotation, is therefore, more logical than using devices which exercise the same muscles but in other functions. That is, the muscles involved in medial rotational (inward turning) of the tibia or the femur at the flexed knee joint are the medial hamstring muscles: sartorius, gracilis, semimembranosus and semi- tendinosus.
  • the biceps femoris muscle acts alone to laterally rotate the knee. It is noted that the popliteus muscle, which lies across the posterior aspect of the knee, unlocks the knee joint from terminal lateral rotation of the tibia.
  • a less extensive program to simply maintain those levels may be instituted. That is, the muscles are no longer provided with the constant "overload" stimulus that is necessary for strength improvement. Rather, a program of reduced intensity may be utilized to prevent the strength losses which would occur if training activity was completely stopped, that is, in the case of training programs for athletic competition for example, during the off-season. Ideally, the athlete can take his strength-training equipment with him, when travelling during the competitive season, and accurate records of strength levels are kept year-round.
  • Knee joint injuries are considered to be the most common form of joint injury suffered by athletes, particularly by those who engage in contact sports.
  • One of the major mechanisms of injury is that of a rotational torque being applied to the femur, while the foot and lower leg are in a state of fixation and the knee joint partially flexed.
  • This rotational torque which can be the result of a force applied to the lateral side of the knee (e.g. a football tackle), can produce a very serious derangement of the knee joint known as the "unhappy triad": where tearing of
  • a commonly used approach to correct this instability is the surgical procedure known as the pes anserinus transplant, in which the medial hamstrings effectiveness -as a medial knee rotator is surgically increased, via a tendon transplant, thereby providing muscular stability to the knee.
  • muscle atrophy occurs which must be reversed before these muscles can fully contribute in their new stabilizer role.
  • Progressive resistance exercise is advocated for strengthening purposes and specific training devices for the knee rotators appear to be warranted. Further it seems appropriate that in any rehabilitation of a previously inactive knee, the rotator muscles should receive training, as well as the extensor and flexors, but this is not always done. The same conclusion can be applied to the rehabilitation of hip function.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a rotator muscle exercise apparatus which uses no auxiliary fluid supply source and is completely self-contained and easy to operate.
  • A--further object of this invention is to provide a novel rotator muscle exercise apparatus which allows for specific muscle isolation and specificity of training for the rotator muscles.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a novel rotator muscle exercise apparatus which allows an athlete to increase the strength of his rotator muscle, maintain the existing strength, prevent injury and to rehabilitate selected injured rotator muscles.
  • the invention provides a rotator muscle exercise apparatus which comprises a pair of rotatable foot rests, each foot rest operably connected to a separate air cylinder whereby the pressure of the air within said cylinder is controlled by the rotation of said foot rests.
  • the invention further provides a rotator muscle exercise apparatus which comprises a
  • FIG. 1 and 2 there are shown an end elevational view and a top view, respectively, of the rotator muscle exercise apparatus of the present invention.
  • the apparatus comprises a base 32 which is a thin plate which extends the length of the apparatus and has an upturned forward portion 3l as shown in figure 3.
  • a forward housing 16 is mounted on the forward part of:the base 32 and includes a front part 19 at its forward end which is secured to the top edge of the upturned forward portion 31 of base 32 as shown in figure 3.
  • a rear housing 10 is mounted on the rear of the base 32 and abuts the rear end of the housing 16.
  • a pair of foot rests 12, each of which is mounted on a separate shaft sleeve 14, are located on the top surface of rear housing 10.
  • a handle 20 is mounted on a lever 22 which moves in slot 24 which is cut centrally in the forward part 19 of the housing 16.
  • a pair of gauges 26 are located on a bracket 42 which is secured to the upturned front part 31 of base 32.
  • a support stand 28 with support base 30 on the top thereof is located at the forward end of the device.
  • FIG 3 there is shown an exploded sectional view along line III-III of figure 2. It must be remembered that only one side of the apparatus is shown-and will be described although the structure of the apparatus is substantially duplicated on the opposite side,- the purpose of which will be explained hereinafter.
  • Each air cylinder 17 is contained within housing 16 and includes a piston 34 which comprises a piston rod 36 and a seal 38.
  • the piston 34 is movable along the horizontal axis of each cylinder 17.
  • a hose 40 is provided at the forward end of each cylinder 17 and communicates with said cylinder 17 and a gauge 26 is mounted on bracket 42 which is in turn secured to the upturned forward portion of the base 32.
  • the support stand 28 is mounted on the upturned forward end 31 of the base 32 with support bar 30 at the top of the stand 28.
  • An air valve 44 is provided at the forward end of each cylinder 17 and communicates therewith via the threaded valve connection 46 and is controlled by a single lever 22 which terminates in handle 20.
  • a slot 24 is provided on the top of the housing 16 for movement of the lever 22.
  • a stand 64 located within rear housing 10 is secured to the base 32 by bolts 48 or any other suitable means.
  • the piston rod 36 is formed as a rack member with teeth 37 on the peripheral surface thereof and fits within rack guide 50 which is mounted in stand 64.
  • the teeth 37 of the piston rod 36 engage the teeth of gear 52 which is fitted on a vertical shaft 54, the bottom end of which is seated in a thrust bearing 56 which is supported by mount 58.
  • the vertical shaft 54 is supported in the vertical position by means of second bearing 60 mounted in brace 62.
  • the brace 62 is mounted on the top surface of the support 64.
  • a foot rest 12 is mounted on the top of each vertical shaft 54 . by shaft sleeve 14.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a sectional view along line IV-IV of figure 1, which shows the structure of figure 3 in the assembled condition. As seen in figure 4, as gear 52 is rotated in any direction, this will drive the piston rod 36 forwardly or rearwardly.
  • the operation of the novel apparatus will now be explained.
  • the user of the apparatus either in the standing or the sitting position, places his feet in the foot rests 12 and performs either of two essential movements by rotating his feet.
  • the first movement is achieved by rotating both feet in a clock-wise direction then rotating the feet in a counter-clock-wise direction in unison.
  • This movement involves the use of the hip joint and trunk muscles of the obliques and lower back if the user performs the exercise in an upright or standing position.
  • the primary areas affected are the ankle and the knee joint.
  • the second basic movement involves the use of the ankle, knee and hip joint when performed in a standing position. This is accomplished by rotating the feet toward each other and away from each other. When done in a seated position, the primary areas affected are the ankle and the knee joint.
  • the apparatus is very beneficial in developing, strengthening and rehabilitating rotator muscles.
  • the apparatus allows for exercise of various rotator muscles which are essential to development, some of which are now outlined.
  • the apparatus allows for both inward rotation and outward rotation of the hip joint, thus directly acting on the gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus, tensor fascial latae, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and iliopsoas major muscles (inward rotation) and the gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator extermust, obturator intermus, gemelli (superior and inferior), quadratus fermoris, sartorius and adductor magnus muscles (outward rotation).
  • the apparatus also allows for proper exercise of the abdomen since the rectus abdominis, the external and internal oblique muscles all work during rotation.
  • All basic conditioning should include an emphasis on trunk flexibility and the present apparatus allows for maximum range of motion in trunk rotation in lateral flexion.
  • the apparatus develops the extensors and abdominal strength which aids in proper postural alignment.
  • the apparatus also allows for restoration of normal flexibility, strength improvement and postural correction for rehabilition after injury.
  • the apparatus also allows for good exercise of the knees. Outward rotation of the knee is controlled by the biceps femoris, and inward rotation by the popliteus, the semi-tendinous the semi-membranosus, the sartorius and the gracilis, all of which are properly exercised with this apparatus.
  • the pes anserinus is the aponeurosis of the internal hamstring muscle and when surgically transplanted, is brought forward to the front of the tibia.
  • the present apparatus allows the athlete to perform internal tibia rotation with progressively increased resistance.
  • the present apparatus avoids the use of complex and expensive devices of the prior art and needs no electrical input. It is a relatively simple and efficient apparatus which can be manufactured at a low cost and which can easily be made portable.
  • the present apparatus is based on the air pressure within the cylinder and thus, provides an advantage over the devices which utilize oil pressure to create resistance of movement. No recharging is necessary and no leakage of messy oil can occur.
  • the present apparatus allows complete freedom of movement and can be used in the standing, the sitting or the kneeling position. Rotation can also be made in either direction.
  • the present apparatus is completely self-contained and needs little or no maintenance. It allows the user to adjust to his own needs, the amount of resistance to exercise thus allowing complete specificity of training. It provides for concentric contractions and can be altered to provide this type of contraction easily and quickly by the user.
  • Base 32 may be replaced with a pair of rails which extend rearwardly from the upturned forward portion 31.
  • housing 16 rests on the rails and the stand 64 is secured directly to the rails by any well known means such as bolts 48. This would reduce the weight of the apparatus.
  • the gauges 26 may be located on the top of housing 16 and in direct communication with each air cylinder 17. While gauges 26 are not essential to the invention, they do aid the user in determining the relative air pressure within the cylinder. The location of the gauges is not critical provided that they are large enough for the user to read easily from the operating position.
  • the number of valves 44 may be varied and as a result, the number of levers 22 may also be varied.
  • a single valve 44 with a single lever 22 may serve to vary the amount of air present in both cylinders 17 or alternatively, there may be present two valves, each of which communicates separately with one cylinder 17 and one lever or two levers.
  • the lever opens and closes the two valves simultaneously. If the two levers are used, each lever could operate a single valve and the amount of air in each cylinder would be independently controlled.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)
EP19840301765 1981-09-15 1984-03-15 Appareil d'entraînement pour les muscles de rotation des jambes Expired EP0155415B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA000385955A CA1172666A (fr) 1981-09-15 1981-09-15 Appareil rotatif pour tonifier les muscles
DE8484301765T DE3478575D1 (en) 1984-03-15 1984-03-15 Rotator muscle exercise apparatus
EP19840301765 EP0155415B1 (fr) 1981-09-15 1984-03-15 Appareil d'entraînement pour les muscles de rotation des jambes
AT84301765T ATE43790T1 (de) 1984-03-15 1984-03-15 Drehmuskeltrainingsgeraet.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA000385955A CA1172666A (fr) 1981-09-15 1981-09-15 Appareil rotatif pour tonifier les muscles
EP19840301765 EP0155415B1 (fr) 1981-09-15 1984-03-15 Appareil d'entraînement pour les muscles de rotation des jambes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0155415A1 true EP0155415A1 (fr) 1985-09-25
EP0155415B1 EP0155415B1 (fr) 1989-06-07

Family

ID=25669436

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840301765 Expired EP0155415B1 (fr) 1981-09-15 1984-03-15 Appareil d'entraînement pour les muscles de rotation des jambes

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0155415B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1172666A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0270131A2 (fr) * 1986-12-05 1988-06-08 Günter Kern Appareil d'entraînement
WO2004039459A2 (fr) 2002-10-30 2004-05-13 Marc Marcel Maria Janssen Appareil de renforcement de la musculature orthopedique
US7462141B1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2008-12-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Advanced resistive exercise device
CN114869322A (zh) * 2022-05-26 2022-08-09 西南医科大学 一种新型多功能髋关节、双腿辅助排片摆位限制设备

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1291700A (fr) * 1961-03-16 1962-04-27 Appareil de mécanothérapie
US3529474A (en) * 1968-12-05 1970-09-22 Albert M Olson Cardiac exerciser
US3702188A (en) * 1971-08-19 1972-11-07 Saf Pla Corp Therapeutic exerciser with regulatable hydraulic torsional resistance
US3756595A (en) * 1971-04-23 1973-09-04 G Hague Leg exercising device for simulating ice skating
EP0060063A1 (fr) * 1981-02-26 1982-09-15 Nautilus Sports/Medical Industries, Inc. Appareil et méthode d'exercice physique
EP0073744A1 (fr) * 1981-09-01 1983-03-09 Ernst Fischer Appareil d'entraînement médical et sportif pour les articulations, le coeur et la circulation

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1291700A (fr) * 1961-03-16 1962-04-27 Appareil de mécanothérapie
US3529474A (en) * 1968-12-05 1970-09-22 Albert M Olson Cardiac exerciser
US3756595A (en) * 1971-04-23 1973-09-04 G Hague Leg exercising device for simulating ice skating
US3702188A (en) * 1971-08-19 1972-11-07 Saf Pla Corp Therapeutic exerciser with regulatable hydraulic torsional resistance
EP0060063A1 (fr) * 1981-02-26 1982-09-15 Nautilus Sports/Medical Industries, Inc. Appareil et méthode d'exercice physique
EP0073744A1 (fr) * 1981-09-01 1983-03-09 Ernst Fischer Appareil d'entraînement médical et sportif pour les articulations, le coeur et la circulation

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0270131A2 (fr) * 1986-12-05 1988-06-08 Günter Kern Appareil d'entraînement
EP0270131A3 (en) * 1986-12-05 1988-09-14 Gunter Kern Training appliance
WO2004039459A2 (fr) 2002-10-30 2004-05-13 Marc Marcel Maria Janssen Appareil de renforcement de la musculature orthopedique
BE1015207A4 (nl) 2002-10-30 2004-11-09 Janssen Marcus Spierversterkend apparaat voor therapeutische orthopedie.
US7462141B1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2008-12-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Advanced resistive exercise device
CN114869322A (zh) * 2022-05-26 2022-08-09 西南医科大学 一种新型多功能髋关节、双腿辅助排片摆位限制设备
CN114869322B (zh) * 2022-05-26 2023-11-17 西南医科大学 一种新型多功能髋关节、双腿辅助排片摆位限制设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1172666A (fr) 1984-08-14
EP0155415B1 (fr) 1989-06-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Willardson Core stability training: applications to sports conditioning programs
Hosea et al. Back pain in golf
Gamble An integrated approach to training core stability
US5746684A (en) Foundation stand and method of use
Norris Abdominal muscle training in sport.
US6764429B1 (en) Run specific training apparatus
Beedle et al. Acomparison of Two Warm-Ups on Joint Range of Motion
Hadzic et al. The isokinetic strength profile of quadriceps and hamstrings in elite volleyball players
Ruiz et al. Functional balance training using a domed device
US8007414B2 (en) Exercise machine to train the hamstring group of muscles
Kraemer et al. Compression garments: Influence on muscle fatigue
US20020193210A1 (en) Calf/ankle isolator
Willardson Core stability training for healthy athletes: a different paradigm for fitness professionals
JP2016159162A (ja) 回転抵抗システム
KR20180064586A (ko) 무릎과 발목 관절을 보호하며 다리 상부와 힙을 운동시키는 방법 및 장치
Partin et al. Upper extremity proprioceptive training
Liemohn et al. Unresolved controversies in back management—a review
EP0155415B1 (fr) Appareil d'entraînement pour les muscles de rotation des jambes
US4708339A (en) Pre-ski testing and exercising apparatus
US4804180A (en) KTB exerciser
Tsaklis et al. ACL rehabilitation program using a combined isokinetic and isotonic strengthening protocol
US20120190513A1 (en) Active Activator A
Yamamoto et al. Functional rehabilitation of the knee: A preliminary study
Draovitch et al. Complete conditioning for golf
Siff The functional mechanics of abdominal exercise

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19860221

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19870312

R17C First examination report despatched (corrected)

Effective date: 19870512

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19890607

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19890607

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19890607

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19890607

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19890607

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19890607

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19890607

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 43790

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19890615

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3478575

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19890713

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

EN Fr: translation not filed
NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19910305

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19910325

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19920315

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19921201