EP0153291A1 - Insulating panel of a composite material - Google Patents

Insulating panel of a composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0153291A1
EP0153291A1 EP85870023A EP85870023A EP0153291A1 EP 0153291 A1 EP0153291 A1 EP 0153291A1 EP 85870023 A EP85870023 A EP 85870023A EP 85870023 A EP85870023 A EP 85870023A EP 0153291 A1 EP0153291 A1 EP 0153291A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
reinforcement
perlite
rods
series
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85870023A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0153291B1 (en
Inventor
Marc Bekaert
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N.V. MAATSCHAPPIJ VOOR STUDIE, BIJSTAND EN ONDERZO
Original Assignee
Nv Voor Studie Bijstand En Onderzoek Ii Msbo Ii Mij
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Priority claimed from BE0/212390A external-priority patent/BE898912A/en
Application filed by Nv Voor Studie Bijstand En Onderzoek Ii Msbo Ii Mij filed Critical Nv Voor Studie Bijstand En Onderzoek Ii Msbo Ii Mij
Publication of EP0153291A1 publication Critical patent/EP0153291A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0153291B1 publication Critical patent/EP0153291B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/22—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/243—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 one at least of the material being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y10T428/24157—Filled honeycomb cells [e.g., solid substance in cavities, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24996—With internal element bridging layers, nonplanar interface between layers, or intermediate layer of commingled adjacent foam layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249971—Preformed hollow element-containing
    • Y10T428/249973—Mineral element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/24999—Inorganic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an insulating panel of composite material intended to be used as a building element in the building industry and consisting of a rigid plastic foam core of particularly low thermal conductivity, reinforced with a metal frame. and covered on at least one of its faces by a perlite panel.
  • a supporting structure is added in a first phase.
  • This supporting structure can comprise a support frame composed of a series of metal beams, concrete or wooden beams on which are fixed, for example, profiled steel sheets, self-supporting.
  • These panels are light and have excellent fire resistance properties, so that they are capable of receiving a flexible layer of roofing, which is laid directly with hot bitumen or with an open flame.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the above-mentioned drawback. It offers an extremely low-weight composite insulation panel that meets the most stringent requirements for thermal resistance.
  • an insulating panel of composite material intended to be used as a building element in the building industry and consisting of a rigid plastic foam core of particularly low thermal conductivity, reinforced with a metal frame and covered on at at least one of its faces, by a perlite panel, essentially characterized in that the aforesaid reinforcement comprises a lower reinforcement in an upper reinforcement, which comprises a series of parallel steel rods, which are distributed at regular intervals over the entire width of the panel, ensuring that the rods of different series are connected to each other by crosspieces and the rods of the same series are connected to each other by a trellis.
  • the edges of the panel are provided with a tenon and mortise connection.
  • a composite insulation panel according to the invention is entirely made of insulating material.
  • This panel is designated as a whole by the reference notation 1 and comprises a core of reinforced plastic foam 2, provided on each side with a rigid insulation panel 3,4 produced on the basis of expanded perlite.
  • Perlite is a vulcanic rock which is first ground and then expanded at about 900 ° C to about twenty times the original volume. Perlite is non-flammable. It has a very high dimensional stability and offers, in flat form, a great resistance to pressure and a great punctual hardness. The structure does not deteriorate over time.
  • the insulation produced on the basis of expanded perlite is composed of at least 5% of expanded perlite, of organic and / or inorganic fibers, also of organic and / or inorganic binders.
  • the expanded permite granules are preferably mixed with cellulose fibers and a binder.
  • the components can be mixed in an aqueous medium and poured to the desired thickness on a perforated net, which moves at a constant speed. By pressing to the desired thickness and vacuum suction through the net, most of the moisture is removed. Then the panel is dried completely in an oven.
  • the high content of perlite ensures high thermal insulation as well as excellent flame retardant properties.
  • Synthetic foam has a low specific weight and offers good thermal resistance. That applies in particular to a polyurethane foam.
  • Rigid plastic foam construction panels have found many applications.
  • the synthetic foam panels present certain disadvantages, especially in their behavior in the event of fire, thermal constancy, dimensional stability and technical characteristics when they are used in construction.
  • the combination of a core of plastic foam covered with at least one insulation panel produced on the basis of expanded perlite has the advantages of plastic foam like that of perlite and minimizes the disadvantages of each of the two products.
  • an armament 5 is preferred in the core of plastic foam.
  • the armament 5 which aims to provide greater resistance to the building panel, can be made of a metal or plastic reinforcement.
  • the two reinforcements can be combined in a prefabricated truss beam 11 which is mounted between two metal trusses 8 and 10.
  • the armament is constructed in such a way that the tensile force and the bending force are entirely taken up by the steel, while the pressure is only partially taken up by the steel.
  • a closed cavity is formed using two perlite panels 3,4 which are kept distant from each other.
  • trellis 8 placed on the lower panel 3, a metal trellis 8 and various trellis beams 11.
  • These trellis beams 11 consist of longitudinal rods 7 which are interconnected by crosspieces 12.
  • a layer of hard polyurethane foam or other organic foam is formed directly between the two parallel panels of perlite 3,4 with a thickness of 15 to 20 mm for example.
  • the use in the foam of a non-metallic reinforcement provides a higher thermal resistance of the element with the additional advantage of a reduction in weight.
  • the component materials have high mechanical rigidity. It is obtained by using high density perlite panels, for example greater than 175 kg / m 3 .
  • Plastic foam is for example a hard foam based on polyurethane. It has for example a density greater than 35 kg / m 3 and is of the direct foaming type.
  • the type of weapon can be changed according to the requirements.
  • the reinforcement gives the highest mechanical strength when it is made of metal and for example truss beams located a short distance from each other.
  • a treatment is preferably provided to protect the reinforcement from corrosion.
  • the speed of production can be increased, inter alia, by putting in place a first roof covering on the perlite panel and under it a vapor protective screen constituted for example by a sheet aluminum.
  • edges of the panels can be fitted with a mortise and tenon joint so as to allow perfectly sealed placement.
  • this tenon and mortise joint can still be better sealed with a waterproof adhesive strip possibly made of aluminum, so that the diffusion of water vapor along the joints is slowed down.
  • the dimensional stability of the perlite panel allows the traditional waterproofing system to be stuck directly to slightly oblique flat roofs.
  • the upper face of the panel is optionally provided with a bituminous layer, which ensures good adhesion of the first coating layer of the roof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

The composite insulation panel is partic. intended for use as a load bearing roofing element. It comprises a plastic foam, pref. polyurethane, core contg. a reinforcing structure sandwiched between (thin, e.g. 15-20 mm) plates on expanded perlite basis. (At least 5% expanded perlite with organic and/or inorganic fibres and bonding agents). The reinforcement may comprise steel or plastic mesh and parallel members each connecting parallel longitudinal bars which are in turn connected to the lower and upper mesh. The panel may have tongue and groove edges.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un panneau isolant en matériau composite destiné à être utilisé comme élément de construction dans l'industrie du bâtiment et constitué d'un noyau en mousse de plastique rigide de conductibilité thermique particulièrement faible, armé d'une armature en métal et recouvert sur au moins une de ses faces par un panneau de perlite.The present invention relates to an insulating panel of composite material intended to be used as a building element in the building industry and consisting of a rigid plastic foam core of particularly low thermal conductivity, reinforced with a metal frame. and covered on at least one of its faces by a perlite panel.

Elle trouve ses applications dans la construction de bâtiments industriels, de bâtiments utilitaires, de nouveaux logements ou maisons d'habitation, comme dans les travaux de rénovation..It finds its applications in the construction of industrial buildings, utility buildings, new dwellings or residential houses, as in renovation works.

On connaît, par le brevet américain N° 3.510.391, un panneau composite comprenant une âme constituée d'une couche de matière plastique, recouverte sur au moins une de ses faces, par un panneau isolant sur base de perlite expansée.Known from US Patent No. 3,510,391, a composite panel comprising a core consisting of a layer of plastic material, covered on at least one of its faces, by an insulating panel based on expanded perlite.

L'emploi de semblables panneaux fait partie intégrante des techniques classiques de construction et d'isolation de toits plats et/ou inclinés.The use of such panels is an integral part of conventional construction and insulation techniques for flat and / or inclined roofs.

Selon une technique connue, on ajoute dans une première phase, une structure portante. Cette structure portante peut comporter un cadre-support composé d'une série de poutrelles métalliques, de poutres de béton ou de bois sur lesquelles sont fixées, par exemple, des tôles d'acier profilées, auto-portantes.According to a known technique, a supporting structure is added in a first phase. This supporting structure can comprise a support frame composed of a series of metal beams, concrete or wooden beams on which are fixed, for example, profiled steel sheets, self-supporting.

Sur cette structure portante, on apporte dans un deuxième temps des panneaux isolants qui sont avantageusement les panneaux composites susdits.On this bearing structure, a second step is made of insulating panels which are advantageously the above composite panels.

Ces panneaux sont légers et possèdent d'excellentes propriétés de résistance au feu, de sorte qu'ils sont aptes à recevoir une couche souple de roofing, qui est posée directement avec du bitume chaud ou avec une flamme vive.These panels are light and have excellent fire resistance properties, so that they are capable of receiving a flexible layer of roofing, which is laid directly with hot bitumen or with an open flame.

= Ces panneaux ne permettent cependant pas d'obtenir en une seule étape la structure portante et les propriétés d'isolation.= However, these panels do not allow the load-bearing structure and the insulation properties to be obtained in a single step.

On connaît également par le brevet d'invention français N° 2.052.979 (SULLHOFER) un élément isolant auto-porteur pour toits et murs, constitué par une tÔle perforée profilée noyée dans une âme de matière isolante en mousse dure de polyuréthane comprise entre deux panneaux de recouvrement.Also known from French patent No. 2,052,979 (SULLHOFER) is a self-supporting insulating element for roofs and walls, constituted by a profiled perforated sheet embedded in a core of insulating material of hard polyurethane foam between two cover panels.

La fabrication d'un tel élément isolant se fait en continu et exige la mise en oeuvre d'un appareillage complexe, puisque la tôle perforée est déroulée d'une bobine montée sur un évidoir, est ensuite profilée par un dispositif de laminage et entre enfin sous forme d'une bande profilée dans une extrudeuse.The manufacture of such an insulating element is continuous and requires the use of complex equipment, since the perforated sheet is unwound from a coil mounted on a reel, is then profiled by a rolling device and finally enters in the form of a profiled strip in an extruder.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à l'inconvénient susdit. Elle propose un panneau isolant composite de poids extrêmement faible, qui satisfait aux exigences les plus sévères en matière de résistance thermique.The object of the present invention is to remedy the above-mentioned drawback. It offers an extremely low-weight composite insulation panel that meets the most stringent requirements for thermal resistance.

Elle concerne un panneau isolant en matière composite destiné à être utilisé comme élément de construction dans l'industrie du bâtiment et constitué d'un noyau en mousse de plastique rigide de conductibilité thermique particulièrement faible, armé d'une armature en métal et recouvert sur au moins une de ses faces, par un panneau de perlite, essentiellement caractérisé en ce que l'armature susdite comporte un renforcement inférieur en un renforcement supérieur, qui comporte une série de tiges parallèles en acier, qui sont réparties à intervalles réguliers sur toute la largeur du panneau, en veillant à ce que les tiges de séries différentes soient reliées entre elles par des traverses et les tiges d'une même série soient reliées entre elles par un treillis.It relates to an insulating panel of composite material intended to be used as a building element in the building industry and consisting of a rigid plastic foam core of particularly low thermal conductivity, reinforced with a metal frame and covered on at at least one of its faces, by a perlite panel, essentially characterized in that the aforesaid reinforcement comprises a lower reinforcement in an upper reinforcement, which comprises a series of parallel steel rods, which are distributed at regular intervals over the entire width of the panel, ensuring that the rods of different series are connected to each other by crosspieces and the rods of the same series are connected to each other by a trellis.

Suivant une particularité de l'invention, les bords du panneau sont pourvus d'un assemblage à tenon et mortaise.According to a feature of the invention, the edges of the panel are provided with a tenon and mortise connection.

D'autres particularités et détails de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description détaillée suivante, faisant référence aux dessins ci-annexés, dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue partiellement éclatée en perspective d'un panneau d'isolation suivant l'invention ;
  • - la figure 2 est une coupe transversale du panneau montré à la figure 1.
Other features and details of the invention will appear during the following detailed description, referring to the attached drawings, in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of an insulation panel according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 is a cross section of the panel shown in Figure 1.

Dans ces dessins, les mêmes notations de référence désignent des éléments identiques ou analogues,In these drawings, the same reference notations designate identical or analogous elements,

Comme illustré aux figures 1 et 2, un panneau composite d'isolation selon l'invention est entièrement réalisé en matériau isolant. Ce panneau est désigné dans son ensemble par la notation de référence 1 et comprend une âme de mousse plastique armée 2, munie de chaque côté d'un panneau rigide d'isolation 3,4 réalisé sur base de perlite expansée.As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, a composite insulation panel according to the invention is entirely made of insulating material. This panel is designated as a whole by the reference notation 1 and comprises a core of reinforced plastic foam 2, provided on each side with a rigid insulation panel 3,4 produced on the basis of expanded perlite.

La perlite est une roche vulcanique qui est d'abord broyée et ensuite expansée à environ 900°C jusqu'à environ vingt fois le volume initial. La perlite est ininflammable. Elle possède une très grande stabilité dimensionnelle et offre, sous forme plane, une grande résistance à la pression et une grande dureté ponctuelle. La strucure ne s'altère pas au cours du temps.Perlite is a vulcanic rock which is first ground and then expanded at about 900 ° C to about twenty times the original volume. Perlite is non-flammable. It has a very high dimensional stability and offers, in flat form, a great resistance to pressure and a great punctual hardness. The structure does not deteriorate over time.

L'isolation réalisée sur base de perlite expansée est composée d'au moins 5% de perlite expansée, de fibres organiques et/ou anorganiques également de liants organiques et/ou anorganiques. Les granulés de permite expansée sont de préférence mélangées avec des fibres de cellulose et un liant. Les composants peuvent être mélangés dans un milieu aqueux et versé à l'épaisseur souhaitée sur un filet perforé, qui se déplace à une vitesse constante. Par pressage à l'épaisseur souhaitée et aspiration sous vide au travers du filet, on élimine la majeure partie de l'humidité. Ensuite, on sèche le panneau complètement dans un four.The insulation produced on the basis of expanded perlite is composed of at least 5% of expanded perlite, of organic and / or inorganic fibers, also of organic and / or inorganic binders. The expanded permite granules are preferably mixed with cellulose fibers and a binder. The components can be mixed in an aqueous medium and poured to the desired thickness on a perforated net, which moves at a constant speed. By pressing to the desired thickness and vacuum suction through the net, most of the moisture is removed. Then the panel is dried completely in an oven.

La grande teneur de perlite assure une isolation thermique élevée comme d'excellentes propriétés ignifuges.The high content of perlite ensures high thermal insulation as well as excellent flame retardant properties.

Une mousse synthétique possède un poids spécifique faible et offre une bonne résistance thermique. Cela vaut en particulier pour une mousse de polyuréthane.Synthetic foam has a low specific weight and offers good thermal resistance. That applies in particular to a polyurethane foam.

Des panneaux de construction en mousse plastique rigide ont trouvé de nombreuses applications. Néanmoins les panneaux de mousse synthétique présentent lors de leur mise en oeuvre dans la construction, certains inconvénients, surtout dans leur comportement en cas d'incendie, constance thermique , stabilité dimensionnelle et caractéristiques techniques.Rigid plastic foam construction panels have found many applications. However, the synthetic foam panels present certain disadvantages, especially in their behavior in the event of fire, thermal constancy, dimensional stability and technical characteristics when they are used in construction.

La combinaison d'une âme de mousse plastique recouverte d'au moins un panneau d'isolation réalisé sur base de perlite expansée possède les avantages de la mousse plastique comme celle de la perlite et minimalise les désavantages de chacun des deux produits.The combination of a core of plastic foam covered with at least one insulation panel produced on the basis of expanded perlite has the advantages of plastic foam like that of perlite and minimizes the disadvantages of each of the two products.

Pour accroître la portance du panneau d'isolation, on préfère un armement 5 dans l'âme de mousse plastique.To increase the bearing capacity of the insulation panel, an armament 5 is preferred in the core of plastic foam.

L'armement 5, qui a pour but d'accorder une plus grande résistance au panneau de construction, peut être constitué d'un renforcement en métal ou en matériau plastique.The armament 5, which aims to provide greater resistance to the building panel, can be made of a metal or plastic reinforcement.

Dans une forme de réalisation particulière, l'armement comprend deux parties :

  • 1. un renforcement inférieur 6 composé d'une série de tiges parallèles longitudinales 7 en acier ou en matière plastique qui sont posées sur un treillis métallique 8 d'armement en acier et reliées entre elles ;
  • 2. un renforcement supérieur 9 constitué également d'une série de tiges longitudinales parallèles en acier ou matière synthétique et un treillis 10.
In a particular embodiment, the armament comprises two parts:
  • 1. a lower reinforcement 6 composed of a series of longitudinal parallel rods 7 made of steel or plastic which are placed on a wire mesh 8 of steel armament and connected together;
  • 2. an upper reinforcement 9 also consisting of a series of parallel longitudinal rods of steel or synthetic material and a trellis 10.

Les deux renforcements peuvent être combinés dans une poutre à treillis préfabriquée 11 qui est montée entre deux treillis métalliques 8 et 10.The two reinforcements can be combined in a prefabricated truss beam 11 which is mounted between two metal trusses 8 and 10.

L'armement est construit de telle façon que l'effort de traction et l'effort de flexion sont entièrement repris par l'acier, tandis que la pression n'est que partiellement reprise par l'acier.The armament is constructed in such a way that the tensile force and the bending force are entirely taken up by the steel, while the pressure is only partially taken up by the steel.

Pour réaliser le panneau, on forme, à l'aide de deux panneaux de perlite 3,4, qui sont tenus éloignés l'un de l'autre, une cavité fermée.To make the panel, a closed cavity is formed using two perlite panels 3,4 which are kept distant from each other.

On place ensuite sur le panneau inférieur 3, un treillis métallique 8 et diverses poutres à treillis 11. Ces poutres à treillis 11 sont constituées de tiges longitudinales 7 qui sont reliées entre elles par des traverses 12.Then placed on the lower panel 3, a metal trellis 8 and various trellis beams 11. These trellis beams 11 consist of longitudinal rods 7 which are interconnected by crosspieces 12.

Ces poutres à treillis 11 sont placées parallèlement à des distances régulières. On place par-dessus un second treillis métallique .10 au-desus duquel on dépose finalement le second panneau d'isolation 4. On monte enfin des parois latérales pour former une cavité fermée.These truss beams 11 are placed parallel to regular distances. A second metal mesh .10 is placed over it, above which the second insulation panel 4 is finally deposited. Finally, side walls are mounted to form a closed cavity.

Une couche de mousse polyuréthane dure ou d'une autre mousse organique est mise en forme directement entre les deux panneaux parallèles de perlite 3,4 d'une épaisseur de 15 à 20 mm par exemple.A layer of hard polyurethane foam or other organic foam is formed directly between the two parallel panels of perlite 3,4 with a thickness of 15 to 20 mm for example.

L'emploi dans la mousse d'un renforcement non métallique procure une résistance thermique de l'élément plus élevé avec comme avantage supplémentaire un abaissement du poids.The use in the foam of a non-metallic reinforcement provides a higher thermal resistance of the element with the additional advantage of a reduction in weight.

Si une portance exceptionnelle de l'lément d'isolation est requis, il est recommandé que les matériaux composants aient une grande rigidité mécanique. On l'obtient en utilisant des panneux de perlite à haute densité, par exemple supérieure à 175 kg/m3.If an exceptional bearing capacity of the insulation element is required, it is recommended that the component materials have high mechanical rigidity. It is obtained by using high density perlite panels, for example greater than 175 kg / m 3 .

La mousse plastique est par exemple une mousse dure sur base de polyuréthane. Elle a par exemple une densité supérieure à 35 kg/m3 et est du type moussage direct.Plastic foam is for example a hard foam based on polyurethane. It has for example a density greater than 35 kg / m 3 and is of the direct foaming type.

Le genre d'armement peut être modifié selon les exigences requises. L'armature donne la résistance mécanique la plus élevée lorsqu'elle est constituée de métal et par exemple de poutres à treillis se trouvant à courte distance l'une de l'autre. On prévoit de préférence un traitement pour protéger l'armature de la corrosion.The type of weapon can be changed according to the requirements. The reinforcement gives the highest mechanical strength when it is made of metal and for example truss beams located a short distance from each other. A treatment is preferably provided to protect the reinforcement from corrosion.

Par l'emploi de matériau pour panneau d'isolation sur base de perlite expansée, on obtient, par une densité plus élevée et l'édification d'une armature plus solide, malgré tout encore de très bonnes propriétés d'isolation thermiques et on peut réaliser des surtensions extraordinaires.By the use of material for insulation panel on the basis of expanded perlite, one obtains, by a higher density and the construction of a more solid reinforcement, in spite of all still very good thermal insulation properties and one can realize extraordinary overvoltages.

Dans tous les cas décrits ci-dessus, on peut augmenter la vitesse de réalisation, entre autres, en mettant en place un premier recouvrement de toit sur le panneau de perlite et sous celui-ci un écran protecteur de vapeur constitué par exemple par une feuille d'aluminium.In all the cases described above, the speed of production can be increased, inter alia, by putting in place a first roof covering on the perlite panel and under it a vapor protective screen constituted for example by a sheet aluminum.

Le faible poids combiné à de réelles possibilités de préfabrication garantit un placement rapide et bon marché.The low weight combined with real prefabrication possibilities guarantees quick and inexpensive placement.

La combinaison de panneaux ar base de perlite expansée et de mousse plastique armée, accorde des propriétés thermiques et de résistance mécaniques extraordinaires à l'élément auto-porteur.The combination of panels based on expanded perlite and reinforced plastic foam, gives extraordinary thermal properties and mechanical resistance to the self-supporting element.

Les rebords des panneaux peuvent être munis d'un assemblage à tenon et mortaise de manière à permettre un placement parfaitement étanche.The edges of the panels can be fitted with a mortise and tenon joint so as to allow perfectly sealed placement.

Dans des milieux humides, cet assemblage à tenon et mortaise peut encore être mieux obturé par une bande adhésive étanche réalisée éventuellement en aluminium, de sorte que la diffusion de vapeur d'eau le long des joints est freinée.In damp environments, this tenon and mortise joint can still be better sealed with a waterproof adhesive strip possibly made of aluminum, so that the diffusion of water vapor along the joints is slowed down.

La stabilité dimensionnelle du panneau de perlite permet d'y coller directement le système d'étanchéité traditionnel sur toits plats légèrement obliques.The dimensional stability of the perlite panel allows the traditional waterproofing system to be stuck directly to slightly oblique flat roofs.

La face supérieure du panneau est éventuellement pourvue d'une couche bitumeuse, laquelle assure une bonne adhésion de la première couche de revêtement du toit.The upper face of the panel is optionally provided with a bituminous layer, which ensures good adhesion of the first coating layer of the roof.

Claims (2)

1. Panneau isolant en matériau composite destiné à être utilisé comme élément de construction dans l'industrie du bâtiment et constitué d'un noyau en mousse de plastique rigide de conductibilité thermique particulièrement faible, armé d'une armature en métal et recouvert sur au moins une de ses faces par un panneau de perlite, caractérisé en ce que l'armature susdite comporte un renforcement inférieur (6) et un renforcement supérieur (9) qui comporte une série de tiges parallèles (7) en acier, qui sont réparties à intervalles réguliers sur sur toute la longueur du panneau, en veillant à ce que les tiges de séries différentes soient reliées entre elles par des traverses (12) et les tiges d'une même série soient reliées entre elles par un treillis (8,10).1. Insulating panel made of composite material intended to be used as a building element in the building industry and consisting of a rigid plastic foam core of particularly low thermal conductivity, reinforced with a metal frame and covered on at least one of its faces by a perlite panel, characterized in that the aforesaid reinforcement comprises a lower reinforcement (6) and an upper reinforcement (9) which comprises a series of parallel rods (7) of steel, which are distributed at intervals regular over the entire length of the panel, ensuring that the rods of different series are connected together by crosspieces (12) and the rods of the same series are connected together by a trellis (8,10). 2. Panneau isolant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bords du panneau sont pourvus d'un assemblage à tenon et mortaise.2. Insulating panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the edges of the panel are provided with a tenon and mortise assembly.
EP85870023A 1984-02-15 1985-02-08 Insulating panel of a composite material Expired EP0153291B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE212390 1984-02-15
BE0/212390A BE898912A (en) 1984-02-15 1984-02-15 Roofing panel having e.g. polyurethane foam - contg. reinforcing structure and sandwiched between thin expanded perlite-based plate

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EP0153291A1 true EP0153291A1 (en) 1985-08-28
EP0153291B1 EP0153291B1 (en) 1989-12-06

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US (1) US4572857A (en)
EP (1) EP0153291B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3574608D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8603007A1 (en)

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Also Published As

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DE3574608D1 (en) 1990-01-11
US4572857A (en) 1986-02-25
ES540406A0 (en) 1985-12-01
EP0153291B1 (en) 1989-12-06
ES8603007A1 (en) 1985-12-01

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