EP0149164B1 - Busette de coulée consistant en plusieurs sections longitudinales pour conduire un métal liquide dans une lingotière de coulée continue et procédé de fabrication d'un bec d'une telle busette de coulée - Google Patents

Busette de coulée consistant en plusieurs sections longitudinales pour conduire un métal liquide dans une lingotière de coulée continue et procédé de fabrication d'un bec d'une telle busette de coulée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0149164B1
EP0149164B1 EP84115539A EP84115539A EP0149164B1 EP 0149164 B1 EP0149164 B1 EP 0149164B1 EP 84115539 A EP84115539 A EP 84115539A EP 84115539 A EP84115539 A EP 84115539A EP 0149164 B1 EP0149164 B1 EP 0149164B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mouthpiece
casting
supporting member
mould
mouth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84115539A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0149164A3 (en
EP0149164A2 (fr
Inventor
Gerd Artz
Dieter Figge
Thomas Dr. Hoster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fried Krupp AG
Original Assignee
Fried Krupp AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fried Krupp AG filed Critical Fried Krupp AG
Priority to AT84115539T priority Critical patent/ATE30865T1/de
Publication of EP0149164A2 publication Critical patent/EP0149164A2/fr
Publication of EP0149164A3 publication Critical patent/EP0149164A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0149164B1 publication Critical patent/EP0149164B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/064—Accessories therefor for supplying molten metal
    • B22D11/0642—Nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pouring nozzle consisting of several longitudinal sections for supplying molten metal, in particular molten steel, into a continuous casting mold with a rectangular mold space delimiting and there moving exclusively in the casting direction, the mold part of which has a cross section and protrudes on part of its longitudinal extent into the mold space hollow support body made of amorphous silica and, supported on this, a hollow mouth body made of boron nitride, the latter forming part of the wall of the mouthpiece bore and the end face located there in the end region of the mouthpiece up to its outlet opening, and a method for producing the mouthpiece of such a body Pouring nozzle.
  • the pouring nozzle must have a high degree of strength, especially in the area of the side dams, in view of the impact and friction loads that occur during operation, and an outer shape made with low tolerance with regard to the seal (i.e. with regard to the narrow sealing gap to be set) and with due regard to good heat flow as well as to prevent unwanted solidification from suitable materials. Therefore, the mouthpiece should at least in the vicinity of its outlet opening - to avoid the aforementioned solidification and to facilitate sealing - consist of a ceramic material with low wetting capacity with respect to the molten metal, namely boron nitride.
  • the invention has for its object to design a pouring nozzle of the type mentioned in such a way that it in the region of its mouthpiece, in particular in the end region of the mouthpiece, while observing the required operational safety and without complex tension elements and possibly retensioning devices, taking advantage of the advantageous properties of Boron nitride can be produced. Furthermore, a preferred method is to be specified with which the mouthpiece of a pouring nozzle of the type in question can be produced.
  • the object is achieved by a pouring nozzle which has the features of claim 1.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to manufacture the mouthpiece by casting the supporting body made of amorphous silica onto the mouth body made of boron nitride in such a way that there is a connection which is movable to a limited extent, but cannot be released by positive locking.
  • the manufacturing-related gap-shaped gap between the two ceramic bodies is filled with a sealing compound, which has plastic properties at higher temperatures, to secure the position of the two.
  • the unit present after the support body has been cast on must therefore be designed in such a way that an interlocking which is effective on all sides occurs between the two ceramic bodies to be connected; In addition, it must be ensured that different changes in the dimensions of the two ceramic bodies, in particular when the cast-on support body dries and when molten metal is fed into the continuous casting mold, do not lead to damage or destruction.
  • the plastic sealant preferably has the following composition: Si0 2 -60%; AI 2 0 3 - 14%; B 2 0 3 - 10%; Ca0 - 7%; Na 2 0 - 5% and K 2 0 - 4%.
  • a casting nozzle mouthpiece can be produced in the casting process, which is a composite construction of amorphous silica and boron nitride.
  • the supporting body serving as a supporting element leaves a flawless Mortaring of the mouthpiece with the longitudinal section of the pouring nozzle preceding in the pouring direction.
  • the outer wall of the mouthpiece is ground to comply with the required tight dimensional and angle tolerances.
  • the muzzle body attached to the cast-on supporting body is dimensioned as short as possible.
  • the mouthpiece can have an internal or external mouth body: this is either held in the supporting body partially enclosing it or forms a covering of the supporting body on the part of the longitudinal extension at the rear in the casting direction. Regardless of the two design options, the ceramic body located in the overlap area is equipped with filler openings for the sealing compound (claim 2).
  • the non-detachable positive connection between the two ceramic bodies can be achieved in that they engage with one another via at least two heel surfaces effective in the axial direction (claim 3).
  • the two ceramic bodies intermesh with one another via a thickening which is semicircular in cross section (claim 4); this preferably forms the rear end region of the inner support body in the casting direction.
  • the orifice body held in the support body, projecting axially as an extension thereof, also forms part of the outer surface of the mouthpiece (claim 5).
  • the pouring nozzle mouthpiece can also have an orifice body, which surrounds the support body on the part of its longitudinal extent which is at the rear in the casting direction and, projecting beyond it in the axial direction, forms part of the outer surface of the mouthpiece (claim 6).
  • the method according to the invention for producing the mouthpiece of a pouring nozzle in composite construction using boron nitride and amorphous silica consists in that the support body is cast onto the prefabricated mouth body in such a way that after the drying and firing process following the casting process, a gap-shaped process is formed There is an inseparable positive connection between the two ceramic bodies; the space is filled with a plastic sealant at higher temperatures (claim 7).
  • the method just mentioned can be carried out in a particularly simple manner if the support body - at least over part of the longitudinal extent of the mouth body - is poured into it.
  • the support body undergoes a change in dimension due to shrinkage, which - without fear of damage to the prefabricated mouthpiece - leads to the formation of the space between the two ceramic bodies held together.
  • the sealing compound filled into the intermediate space at a later point in time ensures that the different expansion of the two ceramic bodies can be absorbed by the mouthpiece without damage during the casting process.
  • the mouth body is coated with a flexible covering, in particular made of plastic, in the area facing it before the support body is cast on. This is expediently such that it is eliminated by gasification during the burning process (claim 8).
  • the method according to the invention is advantageously designed such that the mouth body is covered with a resilient intermediate layer on the end face which faces the support body to be cast. This creates a gap during casting, which ensures the freedom of movement that may be required for the shrinking process of the supporting body.
  • the advantage associated with the use of the intermediate layer also consists in the fact that it can be removed from the outside before the firing process and therefore does not have to be able to be dissolved in the same way as the flexible covering (claim 9).
  • the pouring nozzle mouthpiece 1 which adjoins a further longitudinal section of the pouring nozzle, which is not shown, steel melt is fed in the direction of arrow 2 while avoiding air access into the mold space 3, which is rectangular in cross section, to a continuous casting mold with mold walls moving exclusively in the casting direction.
  • these consist of two endless casting belts 4 lying opposite one another in pairs, which move in the direction of the arrows 4 'in accordance with the casting direction, and laterally adjoining these endless side dams, which are made up of individually interconnected individual blocks 5 made of a copper alloy.
  • the longitudinal axis 1 'of the mouthpiece 1 coincides with the longitudinal axis 3' of the mold space, in which the casting strand moved in the direction of the arrow 2 is formed by gradual solidification.
  • the mold walls (parts 4 and 5) and the end region of the mouthpiece 1 "which cooperates with them in front of the outlet opening 1" are assigned to one another and designed such that there is a narrow sealing gap 6 between them during the casting process, which prevents metal melt from escaping in the opposite direction to the casting direction and which is normally only a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • the mouthpiece 1 is consequently likewise rectangular in cross-section, its broad sides (located at the top and bottom in FIG. 1) from the casting bands 4 consisting of a steel band and its narrow sides (seen from FIG. 2) the individual blocks 5 are opposite.
  • connection area 1 ′′ located on the left-hand side of the mouthpiece 1 is designed such that it can be connected to a longitudinal section of the pouring nozzle preceding in the pouring direction using sealing mortar; for this purpose the mouthpiece bore 7 is on the left with a suitable extension 7 ′ fitted.
  • the mouthpiece 1 has, as an essential component, a hollow support body 8, which is made of amorphous silica (Si0 2 ). This only accommodates an inner mouth body 9 made of boron nitride in the end region of the mouthpiece, which forms part of the mouthpiece bore and the end face at the outlet opening 1 ".
  • the mouth body stands above an inner shoulder 9 'and an outer shoulder 9" (which the already mentioned end face at the outlet opening 1 ”) with freedom of movement, but inextricably linked to the support body 8; it projects with its outer shoulder 9" axially beyond the end edge 8 'of the support body.
  • the associated heel surface 9 "'forms the part of the outer wall of the mouthpiece in the extension of the outer body 8", in which the seal between the mouthpiece and the moving mold walls (parts 4 and 5) is brought about.
  • the sealant has the following composition; 60% Si0 2 , 14% Al 2 O 3 , 10% B 2 0 3 , 7% CaO, 5% Na 2 0 and 4% K 2 0.
  • the sealing compound is required in the embodiment in question (FIGS. 1 and 2) with an internal mouth body 9 for manufacturing reasons: the support body cast onto the mouth body experiences a not inconsiderable shrinkage during the drying process following the casting process; this would with some probability lead to at least damage to the two mutually overlapping ceramic bodies 8 and 9, provided that the shrinking process is not taken into account from the outset.
  • care must be taken to ensure that there is an intermediate space 10 between the two ceramic bodies which enables the support body to shrink and which is later filled with the sealing compound 11 already mentioned.
  • This is injected through filling openings 12 (cf. FIG. 2), which are expediently arranged on the narrow sides of the mouthpiece 1 and are at a greater distance in front of the outlet opening 1 "and in front of the sales surface 9" '.
  • the mouthpiece bore 7 is designed in such a way that its wall 7 "- viewed in the casting direction (arrow 2) in each case - has a different course on the broad and narrow sides of the mouthpiece.
  • the wall 7" is on the broad sides (cf. FIG. 1). only curved in the area of the internal mouth body 9 in such a way that there is an expansion of the mouthpiece bore 7 in the casting direction.
  • the wall 7 "- apart from the connection area 1"'on the left side of the mouthpiece - is curved over the entire length, with the result that the mouthpiece bore 7 also extends outside the mouth body 9 in the casting direction.
  • the advantage of the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is, in particular, that a simple and reliable arrangement, in which additional and possibly fault-prone fastening elements are omitted, can be produced by casting the resistant silica support body onto the expensive boron nitride outlet body.
  • the mouth body can not detach from the supporting body surrounding it.
  • the outer wall of the mouthpiece consists in the area in which the narrow sealing gap between the parts 1 and 4, 5 which are moved relative to one another is made of the ceramic material of the mouth body 9, i.e. made of a ceramic material with a low wettability with regard to the molten steel.
  • a relatively large gap width (for example in the order of magnitude around 0.5 mm) can be used without questioning the operational safety of the unit consisting of the mouthpiece and the continuous casting mold.
  • the embodiment of the pouring nozzle mouthpiece 1 according to FIGS. 3 to 5 has an external mouth body 9, which surrounds the supporting body 8 on the rear part of its longitudinal extent in the casting direction (arrow 2) and, projecting beyond it in the axial direction, with its outer surface 9 "" in the extension of the outer wall 8 "forms a larger part of the outer surface of the mouthpiece.
  • the positive connection preventing separation of the two ceramic bodies 8 and 9 consists of a thickening 8 ′′ ′′ of the supporting body which is semicircular in cross section and which at the same time forms its end edge in the casting direction.
  • the inseparable positive connection between the ceramic bodies 8 and 9 is formed by the internal shoulder 9 'which has shoulder surfaces 9a and 9b inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis 1' of the mouthpiece.
  • the outer contour of the support body 8 is designed accordingly.
  • the gap-shaped intermediate space 10 filled with the sealing compound 11 is due to the fact that the support body 8 cast onto the mouth body 9 experiences the shrinkage already mentioned during the drying process.
  • the mouthpiece 9 which is in its raw state, is inserted into a steel support mold 13 which is open at the top and into which an outer mold 14 made of plaster and a one-piece plaster core 15 are also introduced.
  • the parts 13 and 15 engage in the raw bore of the orifice body 9 and prevent the silica present as a slip from entering this area.
  • the steel support mold 13 is closed by means of a cover 16 with a filling opening 16 ′, which is supported at the same time on the parts 14 and 15 and ensures their mutual position within the steel support mold 13.
  • the intermediate shape which is delimited by the parts 16, 14, 9 and 15, defines the raw shape of the support body 8 to be cast onto the mouth body 9.
  • the orifice body 9 is covered with a flexible sheathing 17 in the area which will later be opposite the support body 8 before the slip is poured into the mold, which gasifies during firing and thus creates the space that shrinks the support body 8 allows during drying and around which the mouth body 9 expands when fired with respect to the supporting body surrounding it.
  • the resilient covering which can in particular consist of a dissolvable plastic, must therefore be dimensioned with regard to its thickness so that it can absorb the different dimensional changes of the ceramic bodies 8 and 9 that occur during the drying and firing process.
  • the gap-shaped space present after the firing process (cf. the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2) is filled in the manner already described.
  • the unit mentioned is subjected to a firing process at around 1100 ° C., which results in the gasification of the casing and the formation of the space between the two interconnected ceramic bodies: the internal mouth body can become so move with respect to the supporting body partially enclosing it in the longitudinal direction to a small extent.
  • the gaseous reaction product of the casing escapes through bores which are arranged on at least one of the two ceramic bodies.
  • the space between the two ceramic bodies is filled with a glaze-like sealing compound that is solid at low temperatures, i.e. which immovably connects the two ceramic bodies.
  • a glaze-like sealing compound that is solid at low temperatures, i.e. which immovably connects the two ceramic bodies.
  • the sealing compound assumes a dough-plastic state and forms a flexible seal between the two ceramic bodies.
  • wrapping which, if necessary, is glued to the muzzle body, is particularly suitable for styrene polymer or styrene copolymer.
  • the molds shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 are intended to enable the production of a casting nozzle mouthpiece with an external mouth body 9.
  • the casting mold according to FIG. 7 has a one-piece plaster core 15, the outer contour of which approximately corresponds to the course of the later mouthpiece bore 7 (cf. FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • a flexible intermediate layer 18 can be provided at most in the area of the front face 9c of the mouth body in the casting direction in order to reduce the risk of damage to the ceramic bodies 8 and 9 hooked together by the thickening 8 ′′.
  • the intermediate layer 18 can be removed from the outside after the ceramic bodies 8 and 9 have been pulled off the gypsum core 15, but in any case before the firing process.
  • the intermediate layer 18 must therefore be flexible to a sufficient extent, but not be able to be resolved by the firing process.
  • the gap-like space between the ceramic bodies 8 and 9 that is created during the drying process is reduced to a certain extent during the firing process in that the boron nitride of the mouth body 9 expands more than the silica of the support body 8.
  • the casting mold according to FIG. 8 differs from the casting mold just described in that the plaster core has a plurality of core parts 15, 15a and 15b which can be detached from one another.
  • the gypsum core can therefore be removed from the casting mold without having to pull off the raw mouthpiece with the ceramic bodies 9 and 8; the same applies to the outer shape 14.
  • the intermediate layer is accessible from the outside, it can be removed without difficulty at a suitable time.
  • the intermediate layer can be removed before the two ceramic bodies which are movably connected to one another are fired at 1100 ° C. After the mouthpiece has cooled, the space between the two ceramic bodies is filled with the glaze-like sealing compound mentioned above, which only becomes dough-plastic at higher temperatures and creates a flexible seal between the two ceramic bodies.
  • the intermediate layer which may be used can consist of the same plastic as the covering which is used in the manufacture of a mouthpiece with an internal mouth body. Since the intermediate layer can be removed from the outside before the firing process, however, other plastics can also be used which do not have to be convertible into a gaseous state.
  • the advantage achieved by the invention is that by casting a supporting body onto an already prefabricated mouth made of boron nitride, a unit can be produced, the components of which are permanently attached to one another via a positive connection.
  • the intermediate space between the two ceramic bodies hooked together in terms of production technology can be filled in a simple manner with a sealing compound that solidifies at low temperatures before the mouthpiece is subjected to the finishing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Busette de coulée comportant plusieurs secteurs longitudinaux et permettant l'introduction d'un bain métallique, notamment d'un bain d'acier, dans une lingotière de coulée continue dont les parois (4, 5) délimitent une cavité rectangulaire et se déplacent exclusivement dans la direction de la coulée et dont le bec (1), de section adaptée, qui pénètre sur une partie de sa longueur dans la cavité (3) de la lingotière, comporte un corps de support creux (8) en silice amorphe et, prenant appui sur celui-ci, un corps d'orifice creux (9) en nitrure de bore, ce dernier constituant, dans la zoned'extrémité du bec jusqu'à son orifice de sortie (1"), une partie de la paroi de l'alésage du bec et la surface frontale qui s'y trouve, caractérisé en ce que le corps d'orifice (9) et le corps de support (8) coulé sur celui-ci, qui se superposent l'un à l'autre, sont reliés l'un à l'autre d'une manière indissoluble par adaptation des formes, tout en maintenant un espace intermédiaire (10) en forme de fente, et en ce que l'espace intermédiaire compris entre les surfaces voisines des deux corps céramiques (8, 9) est rempli par une masse (11) qui, aux températures élevées, présente des propriétés plastiques.
2. Busette de coulée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le corps céramique (8 ou 9) situé à l'extérieur dans la zone de superposition comporte des ouvertures (12) pour l'introduction de la masse de remplissage (11).
3. Busette de coulée selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les deux corps céramiques (8, 9) s'engagent l'un dans l'autre, d'une manière indissociable, au niveau d'au moins deux surfaces d'appui (9a, 9b) agissant dans le sens axial.
4. Busette de coulée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les deux corps céramiques (8, 9) s'engagent l'un dans l'autre d'une manière indissociable par l'intermédiaire d'une partie épaissie (8"') ayant une section transversale semi-circulaire.
5. Busette de coulée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le corps d'orifice intérieur (9) maintenu dans le corps de support (8) constitue, en prolongeant dans le sens axial et en dépassant celui-ci, une partie de la surface extérieure (9"') du bec (1).
6. Busette de coulée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le corps d'orifice extérieur (9) entoure le corps de support (8) sur la partie de sa longueur qui est en arrière dans le sens de la coulée (flèche 2), et, dépassant celle-ci dans le sens axial, constitue une partie de la surface extérieure (9"") du bec (1).
7. Procédé de fabrication du bec d'une busette de coulée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, comportant un corps de support creux (8) en silice amorphe et un corps d'orifice creux (9) en nitrure de bore qui prend appui sur le précédent, caractérisé en ce que le corps de support (8) est coulé sur le corps d'orifice préfabriqué (9) dans des conditions telles qu'après l'opération de séchage et de cuisson qui suit, il y a une liaison indissociable, avec adaptation des formes, entre les deux corps céramiques, avec formation d'un espace intermédiaire (10) en forme de fente, et en ce que l'espace intermédiaire est rempli au moyen d'une masse d'étanchéité (11) qui est plastique aux températures élevées.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le corps d'orifice (9) est, avant la coulée du corps de support (8) dans la zone tournée vers lui, recouvert d'une enveloppe souple (17) dont l'élimination, qui se produit au plus tard pendant la cuisson, dégage l'espace intermédiaire (10).
9. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'avant la coulée du corps de support intérieur (8), le corps d'orifice (9) est recouvert, sur sa surface frontale (9c) tournée vers le corps de support, par une couche intermédiaire souple (18) qui est éliminée au plus tard avant la cuisson.
EP84115539A 1984-01-13 1984-12-15 Busette de coulée consistant en plusieurs sections longitudinales pour conduire un métal liquide dans une lingotière de coulée continue et procédé de fabrication d'un bec d'une telle busette de coulée Expired EP0149164B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84115539T ATE30865T1 (de) 1984-01-13 1984-12-15 Aus mehreren laengsabschnitten bestehende giessduese zum zufuehren von metallschmelze in eine stranggiesskokille und verfahren zur herstellung des mundstuecks einer derartigen giessduese.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3401024 1984-01-13
DE3401024A DE3401024C2 (de) 1984-01-13 1984-01-13 Aus mehreren Längsabschnitten bestehende Gießdüse zum Zuführen von Metallschmelze in eine Stranggießkokille und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Mundstücks einer derartigen Gießdüse

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0149164A2 EP0149164A2 (fr) 1985-07-24
EP0149164A3 EP0149164A3 (en) 1985-08-21
EP0149164B1 true EP0149164B1 (fr) 1987-11-19

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EP84115539A Expired EP0149164B1 (fr) 1984-01-13 1984-12-15 Busette de coulée consistant en plusieurs sections longitudinales pour conduire un métal liquide dans une lingotière de coulée continue et procédé de fabrication d'un bec d'une telle busette de coulée

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EP (1) EP0149164B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE30865T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3401024C2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2257383A (en) * 1991-06-26 1993-01-13 Morganite Thermal Ceramics Ltd Duct for conveying molten metal
DE59406910D1 (de) * 1993-05-18 1998-10-22 Pechiney Rhenalu Bandgiessanlage für Metalle
GB9825986D0 (en) * 1998-11-27 1999-01-20 Didier Werke Ag Improvements in or relating to refractory products

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH508433A (de) * 1970-06-24 1971-06-15 Prolizenz Ag C O Schweiz Kredi Düse für die Zuführung des geschmolzenen Metalles beim Bandgiessen in Raupenkokille
FR2398565A1 (fr) * 1977-07-27 1979-02-23 Scal Gp Condit Aluminium Busette d'alimentation en metal liquide pour machine de coulee continue de bande
DE3029223C2 (de) * 1980-08-01 1984-09-27 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Einlauf für die Metallschmelze in Stranggießvorrichtungen
DE3037059A1 (de) * 1980-10-01 1982-04-29 Böhler AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Stranggussvorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0149164A3 (en) 1985-08-21
EP0149164A2 (fr) 1985-07-24
ATE30865T1 (de) 1987-12-15
DE3401024A1 (de) 1985-07-25
DE3401024C2 (de) 1986-01-16

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