EP0149057B1 - Apparatus for the conversion of electric energy into thermal energy - Google Patents

Apparatus for the conversion of electric energy into thermal energy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0149057B1
EP0149057B1 EP84114054A EP84114054A EP0149057B1 EP 0149057 B1 EP0149057 B1 EP 0149057B1 EP 84114054 A EP84114054 A EP 84114054A EP 84114054 A EP84114054 A EP 84114054A EP 0149057 B1 EP0149057 B1 EP 0149057B1
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Prior art keywords
pump
heat
immersed
fact
engine
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0149057A1 (en
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Michel Porcellana
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0018—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D7/00—Central heating systems employing heat-transfer fluids not covered by groups F24D1/00 - F24D5/00, e.g. oil, salt or gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for converting electrical energy into thermal energy, usable in particular for space heating and for the production of domestic hot water.
  • the systems currently used for space heating or the production of domestic hot water comprise a circuit of a heat-transfer fluid, respectively domestic hot water, heated directly or indirectly by a heat source constituted by a liquid fuel boiler or gaseous or more rarely by an electric resistance or electrode boiler. All these systems have well-known advantages and disadvantages and depend essentially on the energy source used.
  • a heating device for a motor vehicle which in particular comprises, in a closed enclosure, a hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor and the discharge line of which is provided with a reduction member. of the flow.
  • a hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor and the discharge line of which is provided with a reduction member. of the flow.
  • the aim of this invention is to provide a new electrothermomechanical device for the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy, with partial intermediate conversion into mechanical energy, which has a smaller footprint and better energy efficiency than known systems. also work as an electric generator.
  • the apparatus according to the invention aimed at achieving the above-mentioned object, has the characteristics set out in claim 1.
  • the solution recommended by the invention therefore involves the intermediate transformation of electrical energy into mechanical energy, since the source of electrical energy is used to actuate a motor, itself driving a hydraulic pump whose delivery flow is voluntarily reduced, so that the electric motor is in overheating condition and thus functions as a heat generator, the latter being directly and completely transmitted to the heat transfer fluid in which it is immersed.
  • each device can include several electric motor-hydraulic pump groups.
  • the electric motor driving the hydraulic pump is equipped with a cos ⁇ p compensation capacitor.
  • the illustrated installation comprises an enclosure 1 thermally insulated and filled with a heat transfer diathermic fluid 2, consisting for example of an oil or of a suitable oil mixture, a motor electric 3 associated with a hydraulic pump 4 (of a common type, with gears, with membranes, etc.), this motor and this pump being immersed directly in the heat transfer fluid 2.
  • a heat transfer diathermic fluid 2 consisting for example of an oil or of a suitable oil mixture
  • a motor electric 3 associated with a hydraulic pump 4 (of a common type, with gears, with membranes, etc.), this motor and this pump being immersed directly in the heat transfer fluid 2.
  • the suction line 5 of the pump 4 is immersed in the heat transfer fluid, while the discharge line 6 thereof communicates on the one hand with a bypass line 7 provided with an adjustment valve 8 and on the other hand with a valve 9 for reducing the discharge flow controlled by a motor 10 controlled by means for measuring the temperature T, of the heat transfer fluid 2.
  • the outlet orifices of the valves 8, 9 communicate directly with said fluid 2.
  • the valves 8, 9 must first of all be completely open at the time of starting the electric motor 3, so as to ensure for a limited time the operating conditions of said motor 3 and of the pump 4 coupled to it.
  • the bypass valve 8 is closed, so that the entire oil flow 2 is sent by the pump 4 into the reduction valve 9, including the opening is automatically adjusted by the motor 10, in order to create a constriction to the flow discharged into the oil bath.
  • This constriction previously dimensioned, causes a lamination of the oil and an overload of the pump 4 and consequently of the motor 3, which is then in a condition of overheating, the thermal energy thus created being directly and completely transmitted to the heat transfer fluid. 2.
  • the lamination of the oil discharged into the bath through the throttle of the valve releases heat, which is also transmitted to the heat transfer fluid.
  • the automatic adjustment of the temperature of the heat transfer fluid 2 is ensured by the adjustment of the heating provided by the motor 3, which depends on the opening of the reduction valve 9, which is controlled by a motor 10 slaved to an element of measure T, said temperature, as a function of a predetermined desired value.
  • obtaining a temperature also predetermined regime and / or safety is controlled by a thermostat T 2 , and causes the engine to stop 3. This stop also automatically controls the opening of the valve 9 in view a subsequent start of said engine.
  • the apparatus as just described can be used to heat the heat transfer fluid 2 for the direct use thereof in an external heating circuit, or else its indirect use which involves the presence of a heat exchanger immersed in said fluid and which is connected to an external heating circuit of another heat transfer fluid or for producing domestic hot water.
  • FIG. 1 is illustrated the first possibility mentioned above.
  • the oil operating temperature 2 having been reached, a thermostat T 3 controls a circulation pump 12, the suction line 13 of which is immersed in the oil 2 and the discharge line 14 is connected, outside from enclosure 1, to the flow pipe 15 of an external heating circuit passing through radiators 11.
  • the circulation pump 12 and its drive motor being immersed in the oil bath 2, they also contribute positively to the overall energy balance by providing said bath with heat from their respective operation.
  • This valve 19 sees its deflection opening in the enclosure 1 adjusted for the oil returned by the line 16 by means of the existing pressure of the oil itself; it is structurally designed with a hydraulic drive by a small piston 20 in opposition with a spring 21 previously calibrated, regulating the opening and closing of the return pipe 18 of the oil pressure in the circuit 16 and thus of the pressure at the outlet of the pump 12.
  • a thermostat T 4 can be provided, connected with the pump 12, for regulating the external circulation as a function of the predetermined temperature variations of the oil in the radiators 11, and this regulation can be coupled with the oil temperature control in enclosure 1 controlled by thermostats T 2 and T 3 .
  • the enclosure containing approximately 50 liters of heat-transfer fluid and in which two 2 kW motors operating are immersed. each an oleodynamic gear pump, for example of the “Lamborghini type L gr. 05 ".
  • the heat transfer fluid used can be, for example, a diathermic oil of the “Aerotherm 320” type (from Rol Oil, Italy), the main characteristics of which are as follows: specific heat: 0.51 kcal / kg.
  • the outlet pipe 6 of the primary hydraulic pump 4 is directly connected to the suction pipe 22 of a second hydraulic pump 24 associated with a second electric motor 23, and the outlet pipe 25 of this second pump 24 is directly in communication with the heat transfer fluid 2 in the insulated enclosure 1.
  • valves 8, 9 of the first embodiment are replaced by a simple valve 26 on the branch pipe 7.
  • the secondary motor 23 starts first and it makes the oil suck up by the pump 24 through valve 26.
  • the main motor 3 can be started and it is then the primary pump 4 which sends the oil to the secondary pump 24.
  • the valve 26 is hydraulically closed, which causes an increase in the suction, as well as a mechanical drive of the secondary motor 23 which is no longer electrically supplied. It can then work as an electric generator and produce current usable outside the enclosure 1 via a socket 27.
  • This embodiment requires a specific reciprocal dimensioning of the pumps 4, 24 and of the motors 3, 23 so that the flow rate of the secondary pump 24 is lower than the flow rate of the primary pump 4 in order to thus achieve the throttling of the oil delivery flow and its cavitation like the valve 8 of the apparatus described above.
  • the primary motor 3 must therefore have characteristics that are oversized compared to those of the secondary motor 23 to avoid the latter an excess of initial masses when it starts to drive it.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can be suitably provided with means for measuring the temperature, associated with thermostats, with the external circuit (to go and to return) and the heat transfer fluid in the '' isolated enclosure, so as to control according to indications previously given the operation of the various elements of the equipment (electric motors, hydraulic pumps, reduction valves, etc.).
  • the apparatus according to the invention makes it possible, with a reduced footprint, to obtain a better energy balance, thanks to the recovery of an optimal quantity of the energy produced in the form of heat, either directly from electrical energy, either indirectly by intermediate conversion into mechanical energy; in the latter case, it was more particularly observed that the lamination of the fluid discharged into the enclosure by the throttling of the valve made it possible to recover a quantity of heat, obtained by friction and by release of internal energy, which increases the overall yield in unexpectedly high proportions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

1. Apparatus used to convert electric power into thermic power, characterized by the fact it includes an isolated dewar (1) filled up with a diathermic heat-conveying fluid (2) in which a first electric engine (3) is immersed as well as a first hydraulic pump (4) which works with the aforesaid engine and the inflow and outflow pipes of which are also immersed in the heat-conveying fluid, the outflow pipe of the aforesaid pump being equipped with means of reducing the outflow, and by the fact that these means of reducing the outflow consist of a second hydraulic pump (24) the inflow pipe (22) of which is connected to the aforesaid outflow pipe (6) of the first pump (4), the second pump (24) being associated with a second electric engine (23), and this second pump and this second engine being immersed in the heat-conveying fluid and characterized by smaller dimensions as compared to the first pump and the first engine respectively.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un appareillage pour la conversion d'énergie électrique en énergie thermique, utilisable notamment pour le chauffage de locaux et pour la production d'eau chaude sanitaire.The present invention relates to an apparatus for converting electrical energy into thermal energy, usable in particular for space heating and for the production of domestic hot water.

Les systèmes actuellement utilisés pour le chauffage de locaux ou la production d'eau chaude sanitaire comportent un circuit d'un fluide caloporteur, respectivement d'eau chaude sanitaire, chauffé directement ou indirectement par une source de chaleur constitué par une chaudière à combustible liquide ou gazeux ou plus rarement par une chaudière électrique à résistance ou à électrodes. Tous ces systèmes présentent des avantages et des inconvénients bien connus et dépendant essentiellement de la source d'énergie mise en oeuvre.The systems currently used for space heating or the production of domestic hot water comprise a circuit of a heat-transfer fluid, respectively domestic hot water, heated directly or indirectly by a heat source constituted by a liquid fuel boiler or gaseous or more rarely by an electric resistance or electrode boiler. All these systems have well-known advantages and disadvantages and depend essentially on the energy source used.

On connaît également déjà du document EP-A-67928 un appareil de chauffage pour véhicule automobile, qui comprend notamment, dans une enceinte fermée, une pompe hydraulique entraînée par un moteur électrique et dont la conduite de refoulement est munie d'un organe de réduction du flux. D'autre part, il est connu, par exemple comme décrit dans le document WO-A-81/00447, d'immerger un moteur et un compresseur dans un fluide de manière à diminuer les pertes thermiques.Also known from document EP-A-67928 is a heating device for a motor vehicle, which in particular comprises, in a closed enclosure, a hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor and the discharge line of which is provided with a reduction member. of the flow. On the other hand, it is known, for example as described in document WO-A-81/00447, to immerse a motor and a compressor in a fluid so as to reduce heat losses.

Le but de cette invention consiste à fournir un nouvel appareillage électrothermomécanique pour la conversion d'énergie électrique en énergie thermique, avec conversion intermédiaire partielle en énergie mécanique, qui présente par rapport aux systèmes connus un encombrement réduit et un meilleur rendement énergétique, et qui puisse également travailler comme générateur électrique.The aim of this invention is to provide a new electrothermomechanical device for the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy, with partial intermediate conversion into mechanical energy, which has a smaller footprint and better energy efficiency than known systems. also work as an electric generator.

L'appareil selon l'invention, visant à atteindre le but précité, présente les caractéristiques énoncées dans la revendication 1.The apparatus according to the invention, aimed at achieving the above-mentioned object, has the characteristics set out in claim 1.

La solution préconisée par l'invention fait donc intervenir la transformation intermédiaire de l'énergie électrique en énergie mécanique, puisque la source d'énergie électrique est utilisée pour actionner un moteur, entraînant lui-même une pompe hydraulique dont le flux de refoulement est volontairement réduit, de manière à ce que le moteur électrique se trouve en condition de surchauffe et fonctionne ainsi comme générateur de chaleur, celle-ci étant directement et complètement transmise au fluide athermique caloporteur dans lequel il est immergé. Bien entendu, chaque appareillage peut comporter plusieurs groupes moteur électrique-pompe hydraulique.The solution recommended by the invention therefore involves the intermediate transformation of electrical energy into mechanical energy, since the source of electrical energy is used to actuate a motor, itself driving a hydraulic pump whose delivery flow is voluntarily reduced, so that the electric motor is in overheating condition and thus functions as a heat generator, the latter being directly and completely transmitted to the heat transfer fluid in which it is immersed. Of course, each device can include several electric motor-hydraulic pump groups.

De préférence, le moteur électrique entraînant la pompe hydraulique est équipé d'un condensateur de compensation du cos <p.Preferably, the electric motor driving the hydraulic pump is equipped with a cos <p compensation capacitor.

Sur les dessins annexés :

  • - la figure 1 est un schéma général d'une installation de chauffage de locaux ; et
  • - la figure 2 est un schéma illustrant partiellement une réalisation de l'appareil de conversion d'énergie selon l'invention.
In the accompanying drawings:
  • - Figure 1 is a general diagram of a space heating installation; and
  • - Figure 2 is a diagram partially illustrating an embodiment of the energy conversion apparatus according to the invention.

En référence tout d'abord à la figure 1, l'installation illustrée comporte une enceinte 1 isolée thermiquement et remplie d'un fluide diathermique caloporteur 2, constitué par exemple d'une huile ou d'un mélange d'huile approprié, un moteur électrique 3 associé à une pompe hydraulique 4 (d'un type courant, à engrenages, à membranes, etc.), ce moteur et cette pompe étant immergés directement dans le fluide caloporteur 2.Referring firstly to FIG. 1, the illustrated installation comprises an enclosure 1 thermally insulated and filled with a heat transfer diathermic fluid 2, consisting for example of an oil or of a suitable oil mixture, a motor electric 3 associated with a hydraulic pump 4 (of a common type, with gears, with membranes, etc.), this motor and this pump being immersed directly in the heat transfer fluid 2.

La conduite d'aspiration 5 de la pompe 4 est immergée dans le fluide caloporteur, alors que la conduite de refoulement 6 de celle-ci communique d'une part avec une conduite de dérivation 7 munie d'une vanne de réglage 8 et d'autre part avec une vanne de réduction 9 du flux de refoulement commandée par un moteur 10 asservi à des moyens de mesure de la température T, du fluide caloporteur 2. Les orifices de sortie des vannes 8, 9 communiquent directement avec ledit fluide 2.The suction line 5 of the pump 4 is immersed in the heat transfer fluid, while the discharge line 6 thereof communicates on the one hand with a bypass line 7 provided with an adjustment valve 8 and on the other hand with a valve 9 for reducing the discharge flow controlled by a motor 10 controlled by means for measuring the temperature T, of the heat transfer fluid 2. The outlet orifices of the valves 8, 9 communicate directly with said fluid 2.

En ce qui concerne le fonctionnement de cet appareillage, les vannes 8, 9 doivent tout d'abord être complètement ouvertes au moment du démarrage du moteur électrique 3, de manière à assurer pour un temps limité les conditions de régime dudit moteur 3 et de la pompe 4 accouplée à celui-ci. Une fois le démarrage du moteur 3 effectué et le régime précité atteint, la vanne de dérivation 8 est fermée, de telle sorte que la totalité du flux d'huile 2 soit envoyée par la pompe 4 dans la vanne de réduction 9, dont l'ouverture est réglée automatiquement par le moteur 10, afin de créer un étranglement au flux refoulé dans le bain d'huile. Cet étranglement, préalablement dimensionné, provoque une lamination de l'huile et une surcharge de la pompe 4 et par conséquent du moteur 3, lequel se trouve alors en condition de surchauffe, l'énergie thermique ainsi créée étant directement et complètement transmise au fluide caloporteur 2. De plus, la lamination de l'huile refoulée dans le bain par l'étranglement de la vanne libère de la chaleur, qui est également transmise au fluide caloporteur.As regards the operation of this apparatus, the valves 8, 9 must first of all be completely open at the time of starting the electric motor 3, so as to ensure for a limited time the operating conditions of said motor 3 and of the pump 4 coupled to it. Once the engine 3 has started and the aforementioned speed has been reached, the bypass valve 8 is closed, so that the entire oil flow 2 is sent by the pump 4 into the reduction valve 9, including the opening is automatically adjusted by the motor 10, in order to create a constriction to the flow discharged into the oil bath. This constriction, previously dimensioned, causes a lamination of the oil and an overload of the pump 4 and consequently of the motor 3, which is then in a condition of overheating, the thermal energy thus created being directly and completely transmitted to the heat transfer fluid. 2. In addition, the lamination of the oil discharged into the bath through the throttle of the valve releases heat, which is also transmitted to the heat transfer fluid.

Le réglage automatique de la température du fluide caloporteur 2 est assuré par le réglage de l'échauffement apporté par le moteur 3, qui dépend de l'ouverture de la vanne de réduction 9, laquelle est commandée par un moteur 10 asservi à un élément de mesure T, ladite température, en fonction d'une valeur désirée prédéterminée. De plus, l'obtention d'une température également prédéterminée de régime et/ou de sécurité est contrôlée par un thermostat T2, et provoque l'arrêt du moteur 3. Cet arrêt commande également automatiquement l'ouverture de la vanne 9 en vue d'un démarrage subséquent dudit moteur.The automatic adjustment of the temperature of the heat transfer fluid 2 is ensured by the adjustment of the heating provided by the motor 3, which depends on the opening of the reduction valve 9, which is controlled by a motor 10 slaved to an element of measure T, said temperature, as a function of a predetermined desired value. In addition, obtaining a temperature also predetermined regime and / or safety is controlled by a thermostat T 2 , and causes the engine to stop 3. This stop also automatically controls the opening of the valve 9 in view a subsequent start of said engine.

L'appareillage tel qu'il vient d'être décrit peut être utilisé pour chauffer le fluide caloporteur 2 en vue de l'utilisation directe de celui-ci dans un circuit externe de chauffage, ou bien de son utilisation indirecte qui implique la présence d'un échangeur de chaleur immergé dans ledit fluide et qui est relié à un circuit de chauffage extérieur d'un autre fluide caloporteur ou de production d'eau chaude sanitaire.The apparatus as just described can be used to heat the heat transfer fluid 2 for the direct use thereof in an external heating circuit, or else its indirect use which involves the presence of a heat exchanger immersed in said fluid and which is connected to an external heating circuit of another heat transfer fluid or for producing domestic hot water.

Sur la figure 1 est illustrée la première possibilité précitée. La température de régime de l'huile 2 étant atteinte, un thermostat T3 commande une pompe de circulation 12, dont la conduite d'aspiration 13 est immergée dans l'huile 2 et la conduite de refoulement 14 est raccordée, à l'extérieur de l'enceinte 1, à la tubulure d'aller 15 d'un circuit extérieur de chauffage traversant des radiateurs 11. La pompe de circulation 12 et son moteur d'entraînement étant immergés dans le bain d'huile 2, ils contribuent également positivement au bilan énergétique global en fournissant audit bain de la chaleur provenant de leur fonctionnement respectif.In Figure 1 is illustrated the first possibility mentioned above. The oil operating temperature 2 having been reached, a thermostat T 3 controls a circulation pump 12, the suction line 13 of which is immersed in the oil 2 and the discharge line 14 is connected, outside from enclosure 1, to the flow pipe 15 of an external heating circuit passing through radiators 11. The circulation pump 12 and its drive motor being immersed in the oil bath 2, they also contribute positively to the overall energy balance by providing said bath with heat from their respective operation.

Il est nécessaire de disposer d'un système de contrôle de la circulation extérieure de l'huile 2 dans les radiateurs 11 qui, autant pour la continuité du service et la sécurité de l'installation, que pour une meilleure efficacité dans le transport de chaleur, doivent demeurer pleins d'huile et à une pression à peu près uniforme. Un tel système est réalisé ici par un circuit hydraulique dérivé 16, en liaison avec la conduite de refoulement 14 de la pompe 12 équipée d'une soupape de sécurité 17 étalonnée, et qui reconduit l'huile 2 dans le bain lorsque la pression de refoulement 14 atteint une valeur excessive. Ce circuit hydraulique 16 se termine par un raccordement sur la tubulure de retour 18 du circuit externe, à travers une vanne de contrôle 19 de la pression du circuit externe. Cette vanne 19 voit son ouverture de déflection dans l'enceinte 1 réglée pour l'huile en retour par la canalisation 16 au moyen de la pression existante de l'huile elle-même ; elle est structurellement conçue avec un entraînement hydraulique par un petit piston 20 en opposition avec un ressort 21 préalablement étalonné, réglant l'ouverture et la fermeture de la tubulure de retour 18 de la pression d'huile dans le circuit 16 et ainsi de la pression à la sortie de la pompe 12. De plus, un thermostat T4 peut être prévu, connecté avec la pompe 12, pour la régulation de la circulation extérieure en fonction des variations de température prédéterminées de l'huile dans les radiateurs 11, et cette régulation peut être couplée avec le contrôle de la température de l'huile dans l'enceinte 1 commandé par les thermostats T2 et T3.It is necessary to have a control system for the external circulation of oil 2 in the radiators 11 which, as much for the continuity of the service and the safety of the installation, as for a better efficiency in the transport of heat must remain full of oil and at approximately uniform pressure. Such a system is produced here by a derivative hydraulic circuit 16, in connection with the discharge line 14 of the pump 12 equipped with a calibrated safety valve 17, which returns the oil 2 to the bath when the discharge pressure 14 reaches an excessive value. This hydraulic circuit 16 ends with a connection to the return pipe 18 of the external circuit, through a valve 19 for controlling the pressure of the external circuit. This valve 19 sees its deflection opening in the enclosure 1 adjusted for the oil returned by the line 16 by means of the existing pressure of the oil itself; it is structurally designed with a hydraulic drive by a small piston 20 in opposition with a spring 21 previously calibrated, regulating the opening and closing of the return pipe 18 of the oil pressure in the circuit 16 and thus of the pressure at the outlet of the pump 12. In addition, a thermostat T 4 can be provided, connected with the pump 12, for regulating the external circulation as a function of the predetermined temperature variations of the oil in the radiators 11, and this regulation can be coupled with the oil temperature control in enclosure 1 controlled by thermostats T 2 and T 3 .

En pratique, dans le cas donné ici à titre d'exemple d'une petite installation destinée au chauffage d'une maison individuelle, on peut utiliser une enceinte contenant environ 50 litres de fluide caloporteur et dans laquelle sont immergés deux moteurs de 2 kW actionnant chacun une pompe oléodynamique à engrenages, par exemple du type « Lamborghini type L gr. 05 ». Le fluide caloporteur utilisé peut être par exemple une huile diathermique de type « Aerotherm 320 » (de Rol Oil, Italie), dont les caractéristiques principales sont les suivantes : chaleur spécifique : 0,51 kcal/kg.°C à 75°C; poids spécifique: 0,81-0,83 kg/dm3 à 75 °C ; conductibilité thermique : 0,11 kcal/mh°C ; viscosité : 2,9° angles à 50 °C ; et température d'inflammabilité : 210°C.In practice, in the case given here by way of example of a small installation intended for the heating of a detached house, one can use an enclosure containing approximately 50 liters of heat-transfer fluid and in which two 2 kW motors operating are immersed. each an oleodynamic gear pump, for example of the “Lamborghini type L gr. 05 ". The heat transfer fluid used can be, for example, a diathermic oil of the “Aerotherm 320” type (from Rol Oil, Italy), the main characteristics of which are as follows: specific heat: 0.51 kcal / kg. ° C to 75 ° C; specific weight: 0.81-0.83 kg / dm 3 at 75 ° C; thermal conductivity: 0.11 kcal / mh ° C; viscosity: 2.9 ° angles at 50 ° C; and flammability temperature: 210 ° C.

Dans la réalisation selon l'invention illustrée sur la figure 2, la conduite de sortie 6 de la pompe hydraulique primaire 4 est directement reliée à la conduite d'aspiration 22 d'une seconde pompe hydraulique 24 associée à un second moteur électrique 23, et la conduite de sortie 25 de cette seconde pompe 24 est directement en communication avec le fluide caloporteur 2 dans l'enceinte isolée 1.In the embodiment according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 2, the outlet pipe 6 of the primary hydraulic pump 4 is directly connected to the suction pipe 22 of a second hydraulic pump 24 associated with a second electric motor 23, and the outlet pipe 25 of this second pump 24 is directly in communication with the heat transfer fluid 2 in the insulated enclosure 1.

Dans une telle solution, les vannes 8, 9 de la première réalisation sont remplacées par une simple vanne 26 sur la conduite dérivée 7. En phase initiale, le moteur secondaire 23 s'enclenche le premier et il fait aspirer l'huile par la pompe 24 à travers la vanne 26. Après un intervalle de temps fixé, qui peut toujours être contrôlé au moyen de la variation de température de l'huile 2 par un thermostat, le moteur principal 3 peut être enclenché et c'est alors la pompe primaire 4 qui envoie l'huile à la pompe secondaire 24. On ferme hydrauliquement la vanne 26, ce qui provoque une augmentation de l'aspiration, ainsi qu'un entraînement mécanique du moteur secondaire 23 qui n'est plus électriquement alimenté. Il peut alors travailler en générateur électrique et produire du courant utilisable à l'extérieur de l'enceinte 1 par l'entremise d'une prise 27.In such a solution, the valves 8, 9 of the first embodiment are replaced by a simple valve 26 on the branch pipe 7. In the initial phase, the secondary motor 23 starts first and it makes the oil suck up by the pump 24 through valve 26. After a fixed time interval, which can always be controlled by means of the oil temperature variation 2 by a thermostat, the main motor 3 can be started and it is then the primary pump 4 which sends the oil to the secondary pump 24. The valve 26 is hydraulically closed, which causes an increase in the suction, as well as a mechanical drive of the secondary motor 23 which is no longer electrically supplied. It can then work as an electric generator and produce current usable outside the enclosure 1 via a socket 27.

Cette réalisation exige un dimensionnement réciproque particulier des pompes 4, 24 et des moteurs 3, 23 pour que le débit de la pompe secondaire 24 soit inférieur au débit de la pompe primaire 4 afin de réaliser ainsi l'étranglement du flux de refoulement d'huile et sa cavitation comme la vanne 8 de l'appareillage décrit précédemment. Le moteur primaire 3 doit donc présenter des caractéristiques surdimensionnées par rapport à celles du moteur secondaire 23 pour éviter à ce dernier un excès de masses initiales quant il se met à l'entraîner.This embodiment requires a specific reciprocal dimensioning of the pumps 4, 24 and of the motors 3, 23 so that the flow rate of the secondary pump 24 is lower than the flow rate of the primary pump 4 in order to thus achieve the throttling of the oil delivery flow and its cavitation like the valve 8 of the apparatus described above. The primary motor 3 must therefore have characteristics that are oversized compared to those of the secondary motor 23 to avoid the latter an excess of initial masses when it starts to drive it.

D'une manière générale, l'appareillage selon l'invention peut être muni de manière appropriée de moyens de mesures de la température, associés à des thermostats, du circuit extérieur (à l'aller et au retour) et du fluide caloporteur dans l'enceinte isolée, de manière à commander selon des indications données préalablement le fonctionnement des différents éléments de l'appareillage (moteurs électriques, pompes hydrauliques, vannes de réduction, etc.).In general, the apparatus according to the invention can be suitably provided with means for measuring the temperature, associated with thermostats, with the external circuit (to go and to return) and the heat transfer fluid in the '' isolated enclosure, so as to control according to indications previously given the operation of the various elements of the equipment (electric motors, hydraulic pumps, reduction valves, etc.).

Par rapport aux dispositifs actuellement utilisés, l'appareillage selon l'invention permet avec un encombrement réduit d'obtenir un meileur bilan énergétique, grâce à la récupération d'une quantité optimale de l'énergie produite sous forme de chaleur, soit directement à partir de l'énergie électrique, soit indirectement par conversion intermédiaire en énergie mécanique ; dans ce dernier cas, il a été plus particulièrement constaté que la lamination du fluide refoulé dans l'enceinte par l'étranglement de la vanne permettait de récupérer une quantité de chaleur, obtenue par frottement et par libération d'énergie interne, qui augmente le rendement global dans des proportions inattendument élevées.Compared to the devices currently used, the apparatus according to the invention makes it possible, with a reduced footprint, to obtain a better energy balance, thanks to the recovery of an optimal quantity of the energy produced in the form of heat, either directly from electrical energy, either indirectly by intermediate conversion into mechanical energy; in the latter case, it was more particularly observed that the lamination of the fluid discharged into the enclosure by the throttling of the valve made it possible to recover a quantity of heat, obtained by friction and by release of internal energy, which increases the overall yield in unexpectedly high proportions.

Claims (6)

1. Apparatus used to convert electric power into thermic power, characterized by the fact it includes an isolated dewar (1) filled up with a diathermic heat-conveying fluid (2) in which a first electric engine (3) is immersed as well as a first hydraulic pump (4) which works with the aforesaid engine and the inflow and outflow pipes of which are also immersed in the heat-conveying fluid, the outflow pipe of the aforesaid pump being equipped with means of reducing the outflow, and by the fact that these means of reducing the outflow consist of a second hydraulic pump (24) the inflow pipe (22) of which is connected to the aforesaid outflow pipe (6) of the first pump (4), the second pump (24) being associated with a second electric engine (23), and this second pump and this second engine being immersed in the heat-conveying fluid and characterized by smaller dimensions as compared to the first pump and the first engine respectively.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second hydraulic pump (24) is provided with a separate inflow pipe (7) equipped with a valve (26) also immersed in the heat-conveying fluid and allowing a separate initial start of this second pump by the second engine.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second electric engine (23) is driven by the outflow of the second pump (24), in such a way that it works in order to transform part of the mechanical power into usable electric power.
4. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the electric engine (3, 23) which works the hydraulic pump (4, 24) is equipped with a compensating condenser.
5. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 4 for indoors heating, characterized by the fact that it includes a circulation pump the inflow pipe of which is immersed in the heat-conveying fluid of the dewar and the outflow pipe of which is connected to a pipe going out to an external circuits, this latter ending with a pipe returning back and the end of which is immersed in the heat-conveying fluid of the dewar, and by the fact that the circulating pump and its driving electric engine are also immersed in the heat-conveying fluid of the dewar.
6. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 4 for indoors heating or production of hot sanitary water, characterized by the fact that it includes, immersed in the heat-conveying fluid of the dewar, a heat exchanger connected to an external heating circuit, respectively to a water- supply circuit, and by the fact that the circulating pump associated with this circuit, as well as its driving electric engine are immersed in the heat-conveying fluid of the dewar.
EP84114054A 1983-12-02 1984-11-21 Apparatus for the conversion of electric energy into thermal energy Expired EP0149057B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84114054T ATE35180T1 (en) 1983-12-02 1984-11-21 DEVICE FOR CONVERTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY INTO THERMAL ENERGY.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH6476/83 1983-12-02
CH647683 1983-12-02

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EP0149057A1 EP0149057A1 (en) 1985-07-24
EP0149057B1 true EP0149057B1 (en) 1988-06-15

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EP84114054A Expired EP0149057B1 (en) 1983-12-02 1984-11-21 Apparatus for the conversion of electric energy into thermal energy

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EP (1) EP0149057B1 (en)
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DE (2) DE3472157D1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU6923594A (en) * 1993-11-22 1995-06-13 Sebacur Ag Process and device for converting electric power into useful heat
CN105370639A (en) * 2015-12-23 2016-03-02 北京航天益森风洞工程技术有限公司 Large-load minitype hydraulic servo system utilized in high temperature environment

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981000447A1 (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-02-19 M Peuser Heat recuperation device for domestic cooler systems

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1101962A (en) * 1953-06-09 1955-10-12 Unit for the production of heat in a circulating fluid
US3813036A (en) * 1973-05-08 1974-05-28 G Lutz Heating system
DE3010074A1 (en) * 1980-03-15 1981-09-24 Anschütz, Carmen, 7000 Stuttgart Heat source for hot water central heating system - generates heat by electric motor rotating drum within oil bath
DE3123633A1 (en) * 1981-06-15 1982-12-30 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln HEATING SYSTEM WITH LUBRICANT OIL REDUCTION FOR MOTOR VEHICLES

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981000447A1 (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-02-19 M Peuser Heat recuperation device for domestic cooler systems

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DE3472157D1 (en) 1988-07-21
DE149057T1 (en) 1985-10-24
EP0149057A1 (en) 1985-07-24
ATE35180T1 (en) 1988-07-15

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