EP0135668B1 - Heat exchanger with a gas pass - Google Patents

Heat exchanger with a gas pass Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0135668B1
EP0135668B1 EP84105684A EP84105684A EP0135668B1 EP 0135668 B1 EP0135668 B1 EP 0135668B1 EP 84105684 A EP84105684 A EP 84105684A EP 84105684 A EP84105684 A EP 84105684A EP 0135668 B1 EP0135668 B1 EP 0135668B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
flue
wall
bent
exchanger according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84105684A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0135668A2 (en
EP0135668A3 (en
Inventor
Heinz Ammann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trasformazione Societaria sulzer AG
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Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Publication of EP0135668A2 publication Critical patent/EP0135668A2/en
Publication of EP0135668A3 publication Critical patent/EP0135668A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0135668B1 publication Critical patent/EP0135668B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
    • F22B37/148Tube arrangements for the roofs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger with a gas flue, which consists of wall tubes which extend essentially parallel to its longitudinal axis, are gas-tightly welded to one another and through which a medium flows, and which at least at one end has pipes which are also gas-tightly welded to one another and through which a medium flows is completed, which run transverse to the longitudinal axis of the throttle cable.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that all of the pipes terminating at one end of the gas train are connected on the medium side to at least 80% of the wall pipes of the gas train.
  • This solution in which at least 80% of the medium flowing through the wall pipes reaches the entire pipe end of the throttle cable, leads to surprisingly simple designs, for practically all cross-sectional shapes of the gas cable. Any differences in pipe lengths are much smaller with the new solution than with the known heat exchanger.
  • a vertical throttle cable 1 of a heat exchanger for example a steam generator, has the shape of a straight prism with an octagonal cross section.
  • Each of the eight sides of the prism 1 consists of tubes 15 which run in the longitudinal direction of the throttle cable and which are welded to one another in a gas-tight manner via webs 6 and form the boundary walls of the throttle cable.
  • the tubes 15 are bent inwards by 90 ° and form essentially horizontal tubes 5. These tubes are then guided parallel to each other on the prism side in the direction of the center of the gas cable.
  • the parallel guidance of the tubes 5 within each triangular surface assigned to an octagon side (FIG.
  • all the wall pipes 15 of the throttle cable 1 are thus continued into the ceiling 20, so that all of the ceiling pipes with 100% of the wall pipes of the gas cable are connected in series on the medium side.
  • the differences in the pipe lengths of each octagon side with the associated triangular surface are practically the same, so that the heat absorption of the coolant flowing in the pipes - seen over the entire throttle cable - becomes more uniform and thus the coolant states when the coolant enters the collectors 22 are more uniform.
  • the working medium is combined in a manner not shown and either supplied to further heating surfaces of the steam generator or directly to a consumer.
  • the vertical throttle cable 1 serving, for example, as a steam generator combustion chamber has the shape of a straight, hexagonal prism with six identical sides.
  • the sides are in turn formed by wall tubes 15 which run in the longitudinal direction of the throttle cable 1 and which are welded tightly to one another by means of webs 6.
  • the tubes are bent inwards by approximately 90 ° from three sides which are not adjacent to one another and, as tubes 5 ', together form a first layer 3 of the ceiling 2 of the accelerator cable.
  • the remaining three sides of the prism are also bent inwards by 90 ° on a second height plane D lying approximately above the first height plane C and together form tubes 5 ′′ a second layer 4 of the ceiling 2.
  • the tubes 5 'originating from the wall of the throttle cable 1 lying on the left in FIG. 3 extend with the associated webs 6 to a point at which the two outermost tubes of this wall extend onto the adjacent outermost tube 5' meet other two walls of this layer; one of these two positions is designated E in FIG. 3.
  • the tubes 5 'coming from the left without webs 6 are bent upwards and - after a further 90 ° bend - open horizontally into an end collector 8.
  • the tubes 5' coming from the other two sides of the first Layer 3 initially runs similarly to those coming from the outside to a point F (FIG.
  • the first layer 3 of the ceiling 2 contains three triangular openings 13, one of which is partially visible in FIG. 3. These openings are covered by the tubes 5 ′′ forming the second layer 4. About half of the tubes 5 ′′ coming from one side of the throttle cable form a central strip which is guided so far towards the center of the gas cable 1 that it projects beyond the closest point E or F of the triangular surface in the first layer 3. At this end of each middle strip, the tubes 5 "are bent vertically upwards and, after a further bend, are guided horizontally into a collector 7.
  • each middle strip On both sides of each middle strip, the remaining tubes 5" coming from the associated throttle cable wall are guided about half as far as that Pipes of the middle strip and then bent vertically upwards and finally, after a further bend, bent horizontally and connected to the intermediate collector 7 into which the pipes of the middle strip also open.
  • the webs 6 of the second layer 4 run between the tubes 5 ′′ only in the height plane D.
  • the intermediate collectors 7 are connected to the end collector 8 by means of connecting tubes 12 (FIG. 4).
  • the intermediate collectors 7, like the end collector 8, are arranged essentially horizontally, the intermediate collectors 7 and the end collector 8 being at right angles to the pipes 5 ′′ or 5 ′ opening into them.
  • the connecting pipes 12 and those outside the first layer 3 and the second layer 4 running sections of the pipes 5 'and 5 "have the necessary flexibility due to their length and their course to be able to absorb deformations due to different thermal expansions in the ceiling 2 or due to earthquakes.
  • the supports 9 are connected in a known manner, not shown, to the ceiling 2 by means of a fixed connection in the middle and a plurality of connections distributed over their length and sliding in their longitudinal direction, and at their ends by means of joints to the vertical walls of the throttle cable 1.
  • bending stresses on the ceiling 2 are absorbed by the beams 9 and passed on to the walls of the gas cable 1 as pure tensile or compressive stress, the sliding connections and the joints absorbing thermal expansions in the longitudinal direction of the beams 9.
  • the pipes 5 ′′ guided around the supports 9 are at such a distance from the supports that they can perform their function undisturbed.
  • sheet metal strips 11 connect the first layer 3 to the second layer 4, so that the interior of the throttle cable 1 is sealed from its surroundings.
  • cover plates 10 are welded to the underside of the second layer 4, parallel to each edge of the triangular openings, each of which connects two adjacent tubes 5 "in such a way that adjacent cover plates 10 touch and all cover plates 10 together have flat surfaces
  • the sheet metal strips 11 are welded tightly to these flat surfaces and to those tubes 5 'which delimit the openings 13, approximately at the height of the longitudinal axis of these tubes, so that the welding points are easily accessible from below, both during manufacture and later also for any inspections.
  • both ends of the cover plates 10 are extended up to the webs 6 between the tubes 5 "and are tightly welded to these webs.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 relates to a ceiling 20 of a throttle cable 1 with a regular octagonal cross section.
  • the wall tubes 15 of the throttle cable 1 are bent outwards near its upper end and are guided in intermediate collectors 21;
  • Such a collector 21 is provided parallel to each side of the throttle cable 1.
  • the pipes 5 leaving each intermediate collector 21 run parallel to each other and enter the gas duct 1 between two wall pipes 15 to form the ceiling 20. In the ceiling 20, too, they run parallel to one another up to the edge 24, where they meet tubes 5 from an adjacent intermediate collector 21.
  • the tubes 5 are bent upwards at the edge 24 from the ceiling 20 and open into collectors 22 which run along the edges 24.
  • the length of the pipe sections projecting upward from the ceilings 20 is dimensioned such that they have sufficient flexibility to be able to compensate for deformations caused by thermal expansion or earthquakes without problems.
  • the intermediate collectors 21 in the medium flow differently than shown in FIG. 7.
  • the wall pipes 15 of a wall of the throttle cable 1 can be connected via the associated intermediate collector to pipes 5 which are not in the triangular section of the ceiling 20 adjoining the wall mentioned.
  • penetrations such as manholes can also be made in the ceiling in a known manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Wärmeübertrager mit einem Gaszug, der aus sich im wesentlichen parallel zu seiner Längsachse erstreckenden, miteinander gasdicht verschweissten und von einem Medium durchströmten Wandrohren besteht und der mindestens an seinem einen Ende durch ebenfalls gasdicht miteinander verschweisste und von einem Medium durchströmte Rohre abgeschlossen ist, die quer zur Längsachse des Gaszuges verlaufen.The invention relates to a heat exchanger with a gas flue, which consists of wall tubes which extend essentially parallel to its longitudinal axis, are gas-tightly welded to one another and through which a medium flows, and which at least at one end has pipes which are also gas-tightly welded to one another and through which a medium flows is completed, which run transverse to the longitudinal axis of the throttle cable.

Es ist ein solcher Wärmeübertrager in Form eines Dampferzeugers bekannt, dessen Gaszug rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweist. Zum Abschliessen des oberen Endes dieses Gaszuges sind auf relativ einfache Art die Rohre von zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seitenwänden des Zuges an ihrem oberen Ende um 90° nach innen abgebogen und bis zur Mitte des Zuges geführt. Dort, wo die beiden abgebogenen Seitenwände aneinanderstossen, werden die Wandrohre nach oben abgebogen und geraden Kollektoren zugeführt, die parallel zur Decke und senkrecht zu den Rohren angeordnet sind. Obwohl diese Konstruktion relativ einfach ist, weist sie einige wesentliche Nachteile auf:

  • - Die abgebogenen Rohre der Seitenwände sind länger als die Rohre in den beiden anderen Seitenwänden. Das durch die abgebogenen Rohre fliessende Medium wird also längere Zeit vom heissen Rauchgas innerhalb des Gaszuges beaufschlagt als das Medium, das durch die anderen, nicht abgebogenen Wandrohre fliesst. Das Medium tritt also in zwei thermodynamisch verschiedenen Zuständen aus den vier Wänden des Gaszuges aus.
  • - Die bekannte Konstruktion ist nur bei Gaszügen anwendbar, die einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen, d. h. sobald mehr als vier Seiten im Querschnitt des Gaszuges vorhanden sind oder der Gaszug zylindrischen Querschnitt hat, kann diese Konstruktion nicht mehr ausgeführt werden.
Such a heat exchanger in the form of a steam generator is known, the gas train of which has a rectangular cross section. To close the upper end of this throttle cable, the tubes are bent in a relatively simple manner from two opposite side walls of the train at their upper end by 90 ° inwards and are guided to the middle of the train. Where the two bent side walls meet, the wall pipes are bent upwards and fed to straight collectors, which are arranged parallel to the ceiling and perpendicular to the pipes. Although this construction is relatively simple, it has some major disadvantages:
  • - The bent tubes of the side walls are longer than the tubes in the other two side walls. The medium flowing through the bent pipes is therefore exposed to the hot flue gas within the gas flue for a longer period than the medium flowing through the other, non-bent wall pipes. The medium emerges from the four walls of the accelerator cable in two thermodynamically different states.
  • - The known construction is only applicable to throttle cables that have a rectangular cross section, ie as soon as there are more than four sides in the cross section of the throttle cable or the throttle cable has a cylindrical cross section, this construction can no longer be carried out.

Es ist auch bekannt, die Seitenwände eines Gaszuges von der Berohrung des Gaszugendes vollständig zu trennen, indem die beiden Bohrungen mit eigenen Kollektoren verbunden werden, die nicht miteinander verbunden sind. In der Praxis hat diese Konstruktion jedoch kaum Bedeutung erlangt, vor allem weil infolge der Grösse der in Frage kommenden Gaszüge unterschiedliche Wärmedehnungen zwischen der Berohrung des Gaszuges und der des Gaszugendes zu Problemen führen, die konstruktiv nur mit sehr komplizierten und aufwendigen Mitteln gelöst werden können.It is also known to completely separate the side walls of an accelerator cable from the pipe end of the accelerator cable by connecting the two bores to their own collectors, which are not connected to one another. In practice, however, this construction has gained little importance, mainly because, due to the size of the throttle cables in question, different thermal expansions between the gas duct and the end of the gas duct lead to problems that can only be solved structurally with very complicated and expensive means.

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der Erfindung, ausgehend von dem eingangs genannten Wärmeübertrager eine Ausbildung des Gaszuges und mindestens seines einen Endes zu schaffen, die bei jeder Querschnittsform des Gaszuges anwendbar ist und die grossen Unterschiede in der Länge der bekannten Berohrung vermeidet.It is therefore an object of the invention, starting from the heat exchanger mentioned at the outset, to provide an embodiment of the throttle cable and at least one end thereof which can be used with any cross-sectional shape of the throttle cable and avoids the large differences in the length of the known tubing.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass sämtliche das eine Ende des Gaszuges abschliessende Rohre mediumseitig mit mindestens 80% der Wandrohre des Gaszuges in Verbindung stehen. Diese Lösung, bei der mindestens 80% des Mediums, das durch die Wandrohre fliesst, in die gesamte Berohrung des Gaszugendes gelangt, führt zu überraschend einfachen Konstruktionen, und zwar für praktisch alle Querschnittsformen des Gaszuges. Etwaige Unterschiede in den Rohrlängen fallen nach der neuen Lösung wesentlich kleiner als beim bekannten Wärmeübertrager aus.This object is achieved according to the invention in that all of the pipes terminating at one end of the gas train are connected on the medium side to at least 80% of the wall pipes of the gas train. This solution, in which at least 80% of the medium flowing through the wall pipes reaches the entire pipe end of the throttle cable, leads to surprisingly simple designs, for practically all cross-sectional shapes of the gas cable. Any differences in pipe lengths are much smaller with the new solution than with the known heat exchanger.

Ausser der Einfachheit der Konstruktion weist diese Lösung die weiteren Vorteile auf, dass die bisher bekannten Technologien ohne weiteres bei der Herstellung und der Montage angewendet werden können und dass eine gute Zugänglichkeit zur Berohrung des Gaszugendes, insbesondere bei Instandhaltungsarbeiten besteht.In addition to the simplicity of the construction, this solution has the further advantages that the technologies known hitherto can readily be used in the production and assembly and that there is good accessibility to the gas-pipe end pipe, in particular during maintenance work.

Einige vorteilhafte sowie in den abhängigen Ansprüchen gekennzeichnete Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Draufsicht des einen Endes eines Gaszuges nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 einen schematischen Schnitt nach der Schnittebene 11-11 in Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Draufsicht des einen Endes eines gegenüber Fig. 1 abgewandelten Gaszuges,
  • Fig. 4 einen schematischen Schnitt nach der Schnittebene IV-IV in Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 5 eine vergrösserte Ansicht aus Richtung A in Fig. 4,
  • Fig. 6 ein Detail B aus Fig. 4, in vergrössertem Massstab,
  • Fig. 7 eine schematische Draufsicht eines anderen Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung und
  • Fig. 8 ein Detail im Schnitt gemäss der Schnittebene VIII-VIII in Fig. 7.
Some advantageous exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are characterized in the dependent claims, are explained in the following description with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 is a schematic plan view of one end of a throttle cable according to the invention,
  • 2 shows a schematic section along the section plane 11-11 in FIG. 1,
  • 3 is a schematic plan view of one end of a throttle cable modified compared to FIG. 1,
  • 4 shows a schematic section along the section plane IV-IV in FIG. 3,
  • 5 is an enlarged view from direction A in FIG. 4,
  • 6 shows a detail B from FIG. 4, on an enlarged scale,
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of another embodiment of the invention and
  • 8 shows a detail in section along the section plane VIII-VIII in FIG. 7.

Gemäss Fig. 1 und 2 weist ein vertikaler Gaszug 1 eines Wärmeübertragers, beispielsweise eines Dampferzeugers, die Form eines geraden Prismas mit achteckigem Querschnitt auf. Jede der acht Seiten des Prismas 1 besteht aus in Längsrichtung des Gaszuges verlaufenden Rohren 15, die über Stege 6 miteinander gasdicht verschweisst sind und die Begrenzungswände des Gaszuges bilden. Am in Fig. 2 oberen Ende des Gaszuges 1 sind die Rohre 15 um 90° nach innen abgebogen und bilden im wesentlichen horizontal verlaufende Rohre 5. Diese Rohre sind dann je Prismaseite parallel zueinander in Richtung zum Zentrum des Gaszuges geführt. Die Parallelführung der Rohre 5 innerhalb jeder einer Achteckseite zugeordneten Dreieckfläche (Fig. 1) reicht jeweils bis zu einer Kante 24, an der zwei einander benachbarte Dreieckflächen zusammentreffen. An den Kanten 24 sind die Rohre nach oben abgebogen und münden jeweils in einen Kollektor 22, der jeweils parallel zu einer Kante 24 und horizontal oberhalb des Gaszuges 1 angeordnet ist. Die Gesamtheit der in den acht Dreieckflächen liegenden Rohre 5 bildet zusammen mit den ebenfalls in den Dreieckflächen weitergeführten Stegen 6 eine gasdichte Decke 20 des Gaszuges 1. Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist sind zwei miteinander fluchtende Kollektoren 22 zu einem sich über die ganze Breite des Gaszuges erstreckenden Kollektor zusammengefasst.1 and 2, a vertical throttle cable 1 of a heat exchanger, for example a steam generator, has the shape of a straight prism with an octagonal cross section. Each of the eight sides of the prism 1 consists of tubes 15 which run in the longitudinal direction of the throttle cable and which are welded to one another in a gas-tight manner via webs 6 and form the boundary walls of the throttle cable. At the upper end of the throttle cable 1 in FIG. 2, the tubes 15 are bent inwards by 90 ° and form essentially horizontal tubes 5. These tubes are then guided parallel to each other on the prism side in the direction of the center of the gas cable. The parallel guidance of the tubes 5 within each triangular surface assigned to an octagon side (FIG. 1) extends in each case to an edge 24 at which two adjacent triangular surfaces meet. At the edges 24, the tubes are bent upwards and each open into a collector 22, which is arranged parallel to an edge 24 and horizontally above the throttle cable 1. The entirety of the tubes 5 lying in the eight triangular surfaces forms together with those if in the triangular surfaces webs 6 there is a gas-tight ceiling 20 of the throttle cable 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, two collectors 22 which are aligned with one another are combined to form a collector which extends over the entire width of the gas cable.

Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind also alle Wandrohre 15 des Gaszuges 1 in die Decke 20 weitergeführt, so dass sämtliche Deckenrohre mit 100% der Wandrohre des Gaszuges mediumseitig in Serie geschaltet sind. Die Unterschiede in den Rohrlängen jeder Achteckseite mit zugehöriger Dreieckfläche sind praktisch gleich, so dass die Wärmeaufnahme des in den Rohren strömenden Kühlmittels - über den ganzen Gaszug gesehen - gleichmässiger wird und damit auch die Kühlmittelzustände beim Eintritt des Kühlmittels in die Kollektoren 22 gleichmässiger sind. Das Arbeitsmittel wird nach Verlassen der Kollektoren 22, in denen durch Mischen der Kühlmittelströme die Kühlmittelzustände ausgeglichen werden, auf nicht dargestellte Weise zusammengefasst und entweder weiteren Heizflächen des Dampferzeugers oder direkt einem Verbraucher zugeführt.In this exemplary embodiment, all the wall pipes 15 of the throttle cable 1 are thus continued into the ceiling 20, so that all of the ceiling pipes with 100% of the wall pipes of the gas cable are connected in series on the medium side. The differences in the pipe lengths of each octagon side with the associated triangular surface are practically the same, so that the heat absorption of the coolant flowing in the pipes - seen over the entire throttle cable - becomes more uniform and thus the coolant states when the coolant enters the collectors 22 are more uniform. After leaving the collectors 22, in which the coolant states are compensated by mixing the coolant flows, the working medium is combined in a manner not shown and either supplied to further heating surfaces of the steam generator or directly to a consumer.

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Fig. 3 und 4, weist der beispielsweise als Dampferzeuger-Brennkammer dienende, vertikale Gaszug 1 die Form eines geraden, hexagonalen Prismas mit sechs gleichen Seiten auf. Die Seiten sind wiederum durch in die Längsrichtung des Gaszuges 1 verlaufenden Wandrohre 15 gebildet, die mittels Stegen 6 dicht miteinander verschweisst sind. Auf einer ersten Höhenebene C sind die Rohre von drei einander nicht-benachbarten Seiten um etwa 90° nach innen abgebogen und bilden als Rohre 5' zusammen eine erste Schicht 3 der Decke 2 des Gaszuges. Die übrigen drei Seiten des Prismas sind an einer etwa oberhalb der ersten Höhenebene C liegenden zweiten Höhenebene D ebenfalls nach innen um 90° abgebogen und bilden als Rohre 5" zusammen eine zweite Schicht 4 der Decke 2. In den beiden Schichten 3 und 4 sind die zwischen Wandrohre 15 eingeschweissten Stege 6 zwischen den Rohren 5' bzw. 5" weitergeführt.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the vertical throttle cable 1 serving, for example, as a steam generator combustion chamber has the shape of a straight, hexagonal prism with six identical sides. The sides are in turn formed by wall tubes 15 which run in the longitudinal direction of the throttle cable 1 and which are welded tightly to one another by means of webs 6. At a first level C, the tubes are bent inwards by approximately 90 ° from three sides which are not adjacent to one another and, as tubes 5 ', together form a first layer 3 of the ceiling 2 of the accelerator cable. The remaining three sides of the prism are also bent inwards by 90 ° on a second height plane D lying approximately above the first height plane C and together form tubes 5 ″ a second layer 4 of the ceiling 2. In the two layers 3 and 4 there are webs 6 welded between wall tubes 15 between the tubes 5 'or 5 ".

In der ersten Schicht 3 reichen die aus der in Fig. 3 links aussen liegenden Wand des Gaszuges 1 stammenden Rohre 5' mit den zugehörigen Stegen 6 bis zu einer Stelle, an der die beiden äussersten Rohre dieser Wand auf das benachbarte äusserste Rohr 5' der anderen beiden Wände dieser Schicht treffen; eine dieser beiden Stellen ist in Fig. 3 mit E bezeichnet. An der Verbindungslinie dieser beiden Stellen werden die von links aussen kommenden Rohre 5' ohne Stege 6 nach oben abgebogen und münden - nach einer weiteren Abbiegung um 90° - horizontal in einen Endkollektor 8. Die von den beiden anderen Seiten kommenden Rohre 5' der ersten Schicht 3 verlaufen zuerst ähnlich wie die von links aussen kommenden bis zu einer Stelle F (Fig. 3), sind dann aber an den von der Stelle F zu den beiden Stellen E führenden Verbindungslinien so abgebogen, dass sie-in der Höhenebene C bleibend - parallel zueinander auf die Verbindungslinie der beiden Stellen E zulaufen. In der durch die drei Verbindungslinien begrenzten Dreieckfläche ist die Teilung der Rohre 5' kleiner als ausserhalb dieser Dreieckfläche und die Stege 6 sind entsprechend schmäler. An der Verbindungslinie der Stellen E, an der sämtliche Rohre 5' der ersten Schicht 3 zusammentreffen, sind auch die eine kleinere Teilung aufweisenden Rohre 5' ohne Stege nach oben abgebogen und zum Endkollektor 8 geführt.In the first layer 3, the tubes 5 'originating from the wall of the throttle cable 1 lying on the left in FIG. 3 extend with the associated webs 6 to a point at which the two outermost tubes of this wall extend onto the adjacent outermost tube 5' meet other two walls of this layer; one of these two positions is designated E in FIG. 3. At the connecting line between these two locations, the tubes 5 'coming from the left without webs 6 are bent upwards and - after a further 90 ° bend - open horizontally into an end collector 8. The tubes 5' coming from the other two sides of the first Layer 3 initially runs similarly to those coming from the outside to a point F (FIG. 3), but is then bent at the connecting lines leading from point F to the two points E in such a way that they remain - in the level C - run parallel to each other on the connecting line of the two points E. In the triangular area delimited by the three connecting lines, the pitch of the tubes 5 'is smaller than outside this triangular area and the webs 6 are correspondingly narrower. At the connecting line of the points E, where all the tubes 5 ′ of the first layer 3 meet, the tubes 5 ′, which have a smaller division, are also bent upwards without webs and led to the end collector 8.

Die erste Schicht 3 der Decke 2 enthält drei dreieckförmige Öffnungen 13, von denen eine in Fig. 3 teilweise sichtbar ist. Diese Öffnungen werden von den die zweite Schicht 4 bildenden Rohren 5" überdeckt. Von den aus jeweils einer Seite des Gaszuges kommenden Rohren 5" bilden etwa die Hälfte einen mittleren Streifen, der so weit in Richtung auf das Zentrum des Gaszuges 1 geführt ist, dass er die ihm nächstliegende Stelle E bzw. F der Dreieckfläche in der ersten Schicht 3 überragt. An diesem Ende jedes mittleren Streifens sind die Rohre 5" vertikal nach oben abgebogen und nach einer weiteren Abbiegung horizontal in einen Kollektor 7 geführt. Beiderseits jedes mittleren Streifens, sind die übrigen aus der zugehörigen Gaszugwand kommenden Rohre 5" etwa halb so weit geführt wie die Rohre des mittleren Streifens und dann vertikal nach oben abgebogen und schliesslich nach einer weiteren Abbiegung horizontal umgebogen an denjenigen Zwischenkollektor 7 angeschlossen, in den auch die Rohre des mittleren Streifens münden. Die Stege 6 der zweiten Schicht 4 verlaufen zwischen den Rohren 5" nur in der Höhenebene D. Die Zwischenkollektoren 7 sind mittels Verbindungsrohren 12 (Fig. 4) mit dem Endkollektor 8 verbunden.The first layer 3 of the ceiling 2 contains three triangular openings 13, one of which is partially visible in FIG. 3. These openings are covered by the tubes 5 ″ forming the second layer 4. About half of the tubes 5 ″ coming from one side of the throttle cable form a central strip which is guided so far towards the center of the gas cable 1 that it projects beyond the closest point E or F of the triangular surface in the first layer 3. At this end of each middle strip, the tubes 5 "are bent vertically upwards and, after a further bend, are guided horizontally into a collector 7. On both sides of each middle strip, the remaining tubes 5" coming from the associated throttle cable wall are guided about half as far as that Pipes of the middle strip and then bent vertically upwards and finally, after a further bend, bent horizontally and connected to the intermediate collector 7 into which the pipes of the middle strip also open. The webs 6 of the second layer 4 run between the tubes 5 ″ only in the height plane D. The intermediate collectors 7 are connected to the end collector 8 by means of connecting tubes 12 (FIG. 4).

Die Zwischenkollektoren 7 sind wie der Endkollektor 8 im wesentlichen horizontal angeordnet, wobei die Zwischenkollektoren 7 und der Endkollektor 8 rechtwinklig zu den in sie mündenden Rohren 5" bzw. 5' liegen. Die Verbindungsrohre 12 sowie die ausserhalb der ersten Schicht 3 und der zweiten Schicht 4 verlaufenden Abschnitte der Rohre 5' und 5" weisen durch ihre Länge und ihren Verlauf die nötige Flexibilität auf, um Verformungen durch unterschiedliche Wärmedehnungen in der Decke 2 oder durch Erdbeben ohne weiteres aufnehmen zu können.The intermediate collectors 7, like the end collector 8, are arranged essentially horizontally, the intermediate collectors 7 and the end collector 8 being at right angles to the pipes 5 ″ or 5 ′ opening into them. The connecting pipes 12 and those outside the first layer 3 and the second layer 4 running sections of the pipes 5 'and 5 "have the necessary flexibility due to their length and their course to be able to absorb deformations due to different thermal expansions in the ceiling 2 or due to earthquakes.

Vier horizontale Träger 9 sind paarweise und symmetrisch zur Längsachse des Gaszuges 1 verteilt und in einer Höhe angeordnet, die zwischen der zweiten Schicht 4 und den Zwischenkollektoren 7 liegt. Die Träger 9 sind auf bekannte, nicht gezeigte Weise mittels einer in ihrer Mitte liegenden festen Verbindung und mehreren über ihre Länge verteilten und in ihrer Längsrichtung gleitenden Verbindungen mit der Decke 2, und an ihren Enden mittels Gelenken mit den vertikalen Wänden des Gaszuges 1 verbunden. Dadurch werden Biegebeanspruchungen auf die Decke 2 von den Trägern 9 aufgefangen und in die Wände des Gaszuges 1 als reine Zug- oder Druckbeanspruchung weitergeleitet, wobei die gleitenden Verbindungen und die Gelenke Wärmedehnungen in der Längsrichtung der Träger 9 aufnehmen. Die um die Träger 9 herumgeführten Rohre 5" haben von den Trägern solchen Abstand, dass diese ihre Funktion ungestört ausüben können.Four horizontal beams 9 are distributed in pairs and symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the throttle cable 1 and are arranged at a height that lies between the second layer 4 and the intermediate collectors 7. The supports 9 are connected in a known manner, not shown, to the ceiling 2 by means of a fixed connection in the middle and a plurality of connections distributed over their length and sliding in their longitudinal direction, and at their ends by means of joints to the vertical walls of the throttle cable 1. As a result, bending stresses on the ceiling 2 are absorbed by the beams 9 and passed on to the walls of the gas cable 1 as pure tensile or compressive stress, the sliding connections and the joints absorbing thermal expansions in the longitudinal direction of the beams 9. The pipes 5 ″ guided around the supports 9 are at such a distance from the supports that they can perform their function undisturbed.

Entlang den Rändern der dreieckigen Öffnungen 13 in der ersten Schicht 3 verbinden Blechstreifen 11 die erste Schicht 3 mit der zweiten Schicht 4, so dass der Innenraum des Gaszuges 1 gegenüber seiner Umgebung dicht ist. Gemäss Fig. 5 und 6 sind auf der Unterseite der zweiten Schicht 4, parallel zu jedem Rand der dreieckförmigen Öffnungen 13 Deckbleche 10 angeschweisst, die jeweils zwei benachbarte Rohre 5" so verbinden, dass benachbarte Deckbleche 10 sich berühren und alle Deckbleche 10 zusammen ebene Flächen bilden. An diesen ebenen Flächen und an denjenigen Rohren 5', die die Öffnungen 13 begrenzen, sind ungefähr in der Höhe der Längsachse dieser Rohre die Blechstreifen 11 dicht angeschweisst. Die Schweissstellen sind somit von unten her leichtzugänglich, und zwar sowohl während der Herstellung als auch später bei etwaigen Inspektionen. Um die Dichtheit zwischen dem Inneren des Gaszuges 1 und der Umgebung zu gewährleisten, sind beide Enden der Deckbleche 10 bis zu den Stegen 6 zwischen den Rohren 5" verlängert und mit diesen Stegen dicht verschweisst.Along the edges of the triangular openings 13 in the first layer 3, sheet metal strips 11 connect the first layer 3 to the second layer 4, so that the interior of the throttle cable 1 is sealed from its surroundings. 5 and 6 13 cover plates 10 are welded to the underside of the second layer 4, parallel to each edge of the triangular openings, each of which connects two adjacent tubes 5 "in such a way that adjacent cover plates 10 touch and all cover plates 10 together have flat surfaces The sheet metal strips 11 are welded tightly to these flat surfaces and to those tubes 5 'which delimit the openings 13, approximately at the height of the longitudinal axis of these tubes, so that the welding points are easily accessible from below, both during manufacture and later also for any inspections. In order to ensure the tightness between the interior of the throttle cable 1 and the surroundings, both ends of the cover plates 10 are extended up to the webs 6 between the tubes 5 "and are tightly welded to these webs.

Ähnlich wie in Fig. 1 und 2 bezieht sich das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Fig. 7 und 8 auf eine Decke 20 eines Gaszuges 1 mit einem regelmässigen achteckigen Querschnitt. In diesem Fall, sind jedoch die Wandrohre 15 des Gaszuges 1 nahe dessen oberen Ende nach aussen abgebogen und in Zwischenkollektoren 21 geführt; parallel zu jeder Seite des Gaszuges 1 ist ein solcher Kollektor 21 vorgesehen. Die jeden Zwischenkollektor 21 verlassenden Rohre 5 verlaufen zueinander parallel und treten jeweils zwischen zwei Wandrohren 15 zum Bilden der Decke 20 in den Gaszug 1 ein. Auch in der Decke 20 verlaufen sie parallel zueinander bis zur Kante 24, an der sie mit Rohren 5 aus einem benachbarten Zwischenkollektor 21 zusammentreffen. Wie im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 und 2 sind die Rohre 5 an der Kante 24 aus der Decke 20 nach oben abgebogen und münden in Kollektoren 22, die den Kanten 24 entlang verlaufen. Die Länge der nach oben aus den Dekken 20 herausragenden Rohrabschnitte ist so bemessen, dass sie genügende Flexibilität aufweisen, um Verformungen durch Wärmedehnungen oder Erdbeben problemlos ausgleichen zu können.Similar to FIGS. 1 and 2, the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 relates to a ceiling 20 of a throttle cable 1 with a regular octagonal cross section. In this case, however, the wall tubes 15 of the throttle cable 1 are bent outwards near its upper end and are guided in intermediate collectors 21; Such a collector 21 is provided parallel to each side of the throttle cable 1. The pipes 5 leaving each intermediate collector 21 run parallel to each other and enter the gas duct 1 between two wall pipes 15 to form the ceiling 20. In the ceiling 20, too, they run parallel to one another up to the edge 24, where they meet tubes 5 from an adjacent intermediate collector 21. As in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the tubes 5 are bent upwards at the edge 24 from the ceiling 20 and open into collectors 22 which run along the edges 24. The length of the pipe sections projecting upward from the ceilings 20 is dimensioned such that they have sufficient flexibility to be able to compensate for deformations caused by thermal expansion or earthquakes without problems.

Es ist möglich, die Zwischenkollektoren 21 anders als in Fig. 7 gezeigt im Mediumstrom anzuordnen. Beispielsweise können die Wandrohre 15 einer Wand des Gaszuges 1 über den zugehörigen Zwischenkollektor mit Rohren 5 verbunden sein, die nicht in dem an die genannte Wand angrenzenden dreieckförmigen Abschnitt der Decke 20 liegen. Es ist zweckmässig, bei allen Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung die in der Decke befindlichen Rohre etwas zur Horizontalen geneigt anzuordnen, so dass flüssiges Medium und darin enthaltene Rückstände in den Rohren abfliessen können, um Korrosionen und/oder Anfahrprobleme zu vermeiden.It is possible to arrange the intermediate collectors 21 in the medium flow differently than shown in FIG. 7. For example, the wall pipes 15 of a wall of the throttle cable 1 can be connected via the associated intermediate collector to pipes 5 which are not in the triangular section of the ceiling 20 adjoining the wall mentioned. In all of the exemplary embodiments of the invention, it is expedient to arrange the pipes in the ceiling somewhat inclined to the horizontal, so that liquid medium and residues contained therein can flow off in the pipes in order to avoid corrosion and / or start-up problems.

Selbstverständlich können in der Decke in bekannter Weise auch Durchdringungen, wie Mannlöcher, angebracht werden.Of course, penetrations such as manholes can also be made in the ceiling in a known manner.

Claims (14)

1. A heat exchanger having a gas flue (1) which is embodied by wall tubes (15) which extend substantially parallel to the exchanger longitudinal axis, are welded together in gas-tight fashion and are flowed through by a medium, the exchanger being closed at at least one end by tubes (5) which are also welded together in gas-tight manner and flowed through by a medium (5), the tubes (5) extending transversely to the gas flue longitudinal axis, characterised in that all the tubes (5) which terminate one end of the flue (1) are connected on the medium side to at least 80% of the wall tubes (15) of the flue (1).
2. A heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that the wall tubes (15) are bent at approximately 90° towards the interior surrounded by the flue (1) to form the tubes (5) which close one end of the flue (1).
3. An exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that the wall tubes (15) are bent by about 90° towards the interior around which the flue (1) extends to form the tubes (5) closing one end of the flue (1) and extend in groups parallel to one another in one plane, and the closing tubes (5) are bent from their plane parallel to the flue longitudinal axis in the zones (24) where they meet the closing tubes (5) of other groups and extend into collectors (22) which extend parallel to the zones (24) in which the tube groups meet one another.
4. An exchanger according to any of claims 1-3, characterised in that at the transition from the wall tubes (15) to the tubes (5) closing one end of the flue (1) at least one collector which interconnects the tubes (15, 5) is provided.
5. An exchanger according to claim 4, characterised in that the collector (21) is devised as a mixer for the medium flowing through it.
6. An exchanger according to any of claims 1-5, characterised in that the pitch of the wall tubes (15) in the gas flue (1) and the pitch of the tubes (5) closing one end of the flue (1) are equal to one another.
7. An exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that the gas flue (1) has a polygonal cross-section having more than four corners and having an even number of sides of equal length, the wall tubes (15) of every other wall of the flue (1) are bent inwards by approximately 90° at a first vertical level (C) near the gas flue end to be closed and each extend to a place (E, F) disposed on a line interconnecting the two points where the most outward of the bent tubes (5') of two adjacent walls meet one another, the area included by the connecting lines is filled by extensions of at least a part of the bent tubes (5'), the same extending as far as the connecting line, and the wall tubes (15) of the other walls of the flue (1) are bent inwards by approximately 90° on a second vertical level (D) near the gas flue end to be closed and extend so far as to cover a triangular area (13) bounded by the particular other wall concerned and the bent outermost tube (5') of the two second walls near said other wall.
8. An exchanger according to claim 7, characterised in that the pitch of the wall tubes (15) in the flue (1) and the pitch of the tubes (5') bent out from every other wall of the flue (1) are equal to one another as far as the connecting line.
9. An exchanger according to claim 8, characterised in that the pitch of the wall tubes (15) in the flue (1) and the pitch of the tubes (5") covering the triangular area (13) are equal to one another.
10. An exchanger according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the pitch of the tubes (5') which fill up the area enclosed by the connecting lines is less than the pitch of the tubes (5') bent out from every other wall of the flue (1).
11. An exchanger according to claim 7, characterised in that the tubes (5') bent out from every other wall of the flue (1) extend to a common collector (8) and the tubes (5") bent out from the otherwalls of the flue (1) extend, after covering the associated triangular area (13), in each case to a collector (7).
12. An exchanger according to claim 11, characterised in that the collectors (7) into which the tubes (5") bent from the other walls of the flue (1) extend, communicate with the common collector (8).
13. An exchanger according to claim 11 in which the gas flue (1) has a vertical longitudinal axis, characterised in that a number of supports (9) parallel to one another are disposed outside the flue (1) near the tubes (5', 5") closing one flue end and between, on the one hand, the collectors (7) into which the tubes (5") bent from the other flue walls extend and, on the other hand, the tubes (5', 5") closing the flue end, the supports (9) extending parallel to the common collector (8) and are pivotally connected to the flue walls.
14. An exchanger according to claim 11, characterised in that at least the common collector (8) is devised as a mixer for the medium flowing through it.
EP84105684A 1983-08-31 1984-05-18 Heat exchanger with a gas pass Expired EP0135668B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4774/83 1983-08-31
CH477483 1983-08-31

Publications (3)

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EP0135668A2 EP0135668A2 (en) 1985-04-03
EP0135668A3 EP0135668A3 (en) 1985-12-11
EP0135668B1 true EP0135668B1 (en) 1988-08-24

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US (1) US4546731A (en)
EP (1) EP0135668B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6060404A (en)
CA (1) CA1247479A (en)
DE (1) DE3473636D1 (en)
PL (1) PL248386A1 (en)

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DE3713912C1 (en) * 1987-04-25 1988-07-21 Babcock Werke Ag Cooler for gases generated by gasification
IT1285478B1 (en) * 1996-10-04 1998-06-08 Bono En S P A DIATHERMIC FLUID HEAT GENERATOR, WITH SELECTIVE FLOW CONTROL
US6793013B2 (en) * 2003-01-09 2004-09-21 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Polygonal heat exchange chamber including a tapered portion lined with water tube panels and method of lining a tapered portion of a polygonal heat exchange chamber with such panels
US10131574B2 (en) 2013-06-17 2018-11-20 Corning Incorporated Antimicrobial glass articles and methods of making and using same
CN104344401B (en) * 2013-08-09 2016-09-14 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Boiler hearth of circulating fluidized bed with variable cross-section water-cooled column
CN106164004B (en) 2014-02-13 2019-12-10 康宁股份有限公司 Glass with enhanced strength and antimicrobial properties, and method of making same

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DE1104108B (en) * 1955-07-13 1961-04-06 Walther & Cie Ag Melting chamber firing with several partial combustion chambers fired from above
US2871832A (en) * 1956-03-12 1959-02-03 Combustion Eng Novel method relating to steam generators
US3299858A (en) * 1965-05-05 1967-01-24 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Vapor generator wall construction
US3511217A (en) * 1968-09-18 1970-05-12 Foster Wheeler Corp Dual circulation vapor generator
AT315876B (en) * 1971-08-25 1974-06-10 Waagner Biro Ag Steam boiler
DE2153965B2 (en) * 1971-10-29 1974-09-12 Kraftwerk Union Ag, 4330 Muelheim Steam generator with a level combustion chamber floor
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DE3173990D1 (en) * 1981-09-15 1986-04-10 Sulzer Ag Steam generator with a superheater tubular wall

Also Published As

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EP0135668A2 (en) 1985-04-03
US4546731A (en) 1985-10-15
EP0135668A3 (en) 1985-12-11
CA1247479A (en) 1988-12-28
PL248386A1 (en) 1985-04-09
JPS6060404A (en) 1985-04-08
JPH0585803B2 (en) 1993-12-08
DE3473636D1 (en) 1988-09-29

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