EP0131099A2 - Gas heat exchanger, in particular a synthesis gas cooler - Google Patents

Gas heat exchanger, in particular a synthesis gas cooler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0131099A2
EP0131099A2 EP84104775A EP84104775A EP0131099A2 EP 0131099 A2 EP0131099 A2 EP 0131099A2 EP 84104775 A EP84104775 A EP 84104775A EP 84104775 A EP84104775 A EP 84104775A EP 0131099 A2 EP0131099 A2 EP 0131099A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
heat exchanger
stage
space
passage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84104775A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0131099A3 (en
EP0131099B1 (en
Inventor
Georg Ziegler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0131099A2 publication Critical patent/EP0131099A2/en
Publication of EP0131099A3 publication Critical patent/EP0131099A3/en
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Publication of EP0131099B1 publication Critical patent/EP0131099B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
    • F22B1/1846—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations the hot gas being loaded with particles, e.g. waste heat boilers after a coal gasification plant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for only one medium being tubes having bent portions or being assembled from bent tubes or being tubes having a toroidal configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger for gases, preferably gas cooler for synthesis gas, consisting essentially of two vertical, coaxial gas ducts, which are formed from straight wall pipes running in the longitudinal direction of the gas ducts, welded to one another and through which a medium flows, with at least one on a first End of the heat exchanger attached first gas passage socket of the inner gas duct, with at least one second gas passage socket of the outer gas duct attached in the region of the first end, with at least one passage opening for the gas in the region of a second end of the heat exchanger, which has a central space delimited by the inner gas duct and one connects trains and having collectors for the wall pipes - the space between the two gas.
  • a heat exchanger for gases preferably gas cooler for synthesis gas, consisting essentially of two vertical, coaxial gas ducts, which are formed from straight wall pipes running in the longitudinal direction of the gas ducts, welded to one another and through which a medium flows, with at least one on a first End of the heat
  • Such a heat exchanger is known in which the inspection and maintenance of the walls of the gas flues in the intermediate space is very problematic.
  • the walls In cases in which contain sticky solids in the circulating gases, the walls must often be cleaned beforehand.
  • a very extreme example of this can be found in the cooling of synthesis gas, during which the melting temperature of the fly ash is reached, so that the fly ash is partly in a very sticky state and then adheres to the walls of the gas cooler.
  • the duration of the necessary interruptions to carry out the work mentioned depends directly on how easy or how difficult it is to access these walls.
  • at least one manhole is provided in the uppermost region of the gas cooler, through which people and / or devices and cleaning material are brought into the intermediate space and then lowered using special lifting devices.
  • the space between a synthesis gas cooler can have dimensions of, for example, 16 m in height and 60 cm in ring width.
  • the intermediate space contains an essentially horizontal and annular stage, the dimensions and shape of which roughly correspond to the cross section of the intermediate space speak that means are available through which the stage can be moved in the vertical direction along the intermediate space, and that at least one passage is present in the area between the first and the second gas passage connection piece, through which the intermediate space can be reached.
  • this solution has the additional advantage that the stage can be positioned in the optimal position with respect to the part of the interspace walls to be machined, as a result of which the best possible conditions are created at the workplace. Even in the case of repair work in which, for example, a welding machine has to be brought into the intermediate space, the solution according to the invention offers a significant improvement over the previous state.
  • stage according to claim 2 gives the possibility, if desired, to largely insulate one end of the space from the heat in the remaining part.
  • the particularly heat-sensitive part of the heat exchanger is protected from excessive heat, even during the operation of the heat exchanger.
  • This also enables an embodiment according to claim 4, which practically excludes the occurrence of gas leaks from the intermediate space.
  • the embodiment according to claim 5 leads to a particularly simple disposition of the wall pipes forming the outer throttle cable.
  • stage according to claim 6 allows the use of a part of it as a temporary fixed work place, while the other part of it serves as a means of transport between the passage and the fixed work place.
  • 1, 2 and 3 contains, in a cylindrical vertical pressure vessel 4, a hollow inner prism 2 forming a gas train and a hollow outer prism which is arranged coaxially with the inner prism and also forms a gas train.
  • the pressure vessel 4 has the main task of resisting the large pressure differences between the gas and the environment, whereas the pressure differences around the prisms 2 and 3 remain relatively small, which greatly simplifies their design and manufacture.
  • the inner prism 2 delimits a central space 100 and there is an annular space 200 between the two prisms.
  • the octagonal inner prism 2 consists of wall tubes 5 running in the longitudinal direction of the gas passages, which are welded together via webs 6 and form a gas-tight wall.
  • the likewise octagonal outer prism 3 consists of wall tubes 7 welded together via webs 8, which also form a gas-tight wall.
  • the prism 3 is also suspended by ropes 11 on eyelets 12 which are welded to the vertical wall of the pressure vessel 4.
  • the two coaxial prisms 2 and 3 are arranged rotated relative to one another by 22.5 °.
  • the outer prism 3 merges into a truncated pyramid 13, wall tubes 7 being bent outward from the truncated pyramid to the extent that the side surfaces of the truncated pyramid 13 narrow.
  • All of the wall tubes 7 finally open, ie after leaving the truncated pyramid 13, into a distributor 14, the center line of which forms an octagon running parallel to the outline of the outer prism 3.
  • At least two vertical feed pipes 15 for cooling water are connected to the distributor 14.
  • part of the wall tubes 5 is bent outwards and guided horizontally to radial planes in which they are deflected downward and then initially passed on vertically.
  • all the wall tubes 5 of the inner prism 2 run from the height plane "a” along vertical, radial, evenly distributed planes over the circumference of the synthesis gas cooler 1 in the space between the prism 2 and the truncated pyramid 13 of the prism 3 End of the inner prism 2 large through openings for the gas, which connect the central space 100 with the space 200.
  • the wall tubes 5 pierce the webs 8 between the tubes 7 of the truncated pyramid 13 and open into the distributor 14.
  • the tubes 5 are tightly welded to the webs 8.
  • the webs 6 of the inner prism 2 disappear from the height plane "a", so that the wall tubes 5 have sufficient flexibility in this area to compensate for different thermal expansions of the prisms 2 and 3.
  • the wall tubes 5 of the inner prism 2 open into a collector 16 to which at least two discharge lines 17 directed radially outwards are connected.
  • the wall tubes 7 of the outer prism 3 in turn open in their upper part into a collector 18, to which at least two radially outward discharge lines 19 are also connected.
  • Both collectors 16 and 18 have the same shape and the same circumference as the distributor 14 and run parallel to the latter, the collector 18 being located below the collector 16.
  • the upper bottom of the pressure vessel 4 is pierced in the middle by a gas inlet connector 20 of the inner prism 2.
  • a gas outlet 21 of the outer prism 3 penetrates the wall of the pressure vessel 4 in its upper region.
  • Both nozzles 20 and 21 are covered on the inside with heat-insulating material 22.
  • the pressure vessel 4 has eight manholes 23 which are evenly distributed over its circumference and which can be closed by covers 23 '(only visible in FIG. 1).
  • the intermediate space 200 is sealed gas-tight by a horizontal partition wall 24, which has eight rectangular openings 25, each lying below a manhole 23.
  • the width of each opening 25 is equal to the diameter of the associated manhole 23 and the length is twice the diameter.
  • a lid 26 is provided for each opening 25, which is connected to the partition 24 by means of hinges and with which the opening can be opened and closed.
  • a gas-tight seal of the opening 25 is achieved in the usual manner by means not shown.
  • the partition 24 and the cover 26 are corrugated and made of relatively thin sheet metal, so that they can absorb different thermal expansions of the inner prism 2 and the outer prism 3.
  • a stage 27 divided into eight segments is stationed just above the gas outlet connection 21 in the intermediate space 200.
  • Each stage segment is suspended from a rope 29 by means of a suspension structure 28.
  • Each rope 29 is guided via a first deflection roller 30 and a second deflection roller 32 to a winch 33 which is driven by an electric motor 34.
  • Each deflection roller 30 is mounted on a carrier 31 which is fastened above the manhole 23 on the inside of the pressure container 4.
  • Each deflection roller 32 with associated winch 33 and electric motor 34 is attached to a carrier 35 which is attached to the outside of the pressure vessel 4.
  • the respective supports 31 and 35 assigned to a stage segment lie approximately at the same height, specifically below the collector 16. Between the deflection rollers 30 and 32, the cable 29 runs through the manhole 23, so that when the associated cover 23 'is mounted , the rope 29 must be removed.
  • a strong round rod 37 is inserted through an eyelet 36 of the suspension structure 28, which is suspended in two opposite grooves 38 in the opening 25 without the closure of the cover 26 being impaired.
  • Each segment of the stage 27 has the shape of a pentagon with a recessed corner which is adjacent to an edge of the inner prism 2 and is guided thereon.
  • the area of each pentagon corresponds to approximately one eighth of the ring cross-section of the space 200. All eight segments together are therefore adapted to the size and shape of the cross-section of the space 200.
  • the stage segments can also have wheels with a horizontal axis of rotation running on the walls of prisms 2 and 3.
  • a layer of heat-insulating material 22 'on the underside of the stage 27 protects it and the part of the space 200 above it from the still relatively high temperature of the escaping gas (approx. 700 ° C. in normal operation).
  • the baffle 45 separates the central space 100 and the intermediate space 200 on the one hand in a gas-tight manner from the interior spaces of the pressure vessel 4 surrounding these spaces, so that pressure compensation between these spaces can be carried out in a controlled, known manner.
  • the system is shut down, cooled and the covers 23 'removed from the manholes 23.
  • the partition 24 is now accessible so that the cover 26 can be opened.
  • the ropes 29 are unwound from the winches 33, guided over the deflection rollers 32 and 30 and fastened to the suspension structures 28 of the stage segments. These are slightly raised with the help of the electric motors 34, whereupon the rods 37 are removed, so that the segments of the stage 27 are then ready for operation.
  • the manholes 23 and the openings 25 the people now climb onto the stage, the material necessary for the above-mentioned work possibly also being loaded onto the stage 27.
  • Each segment is about so large that half of it offers enough space for one man and the other half can hold tools, cleaning and repair material.
  • the weight must be distributed so that each stage segment remains roughly in balance. If the already mentioned guidance of the stage segments by means of wheels is available, the weight distribution is more independent. It is also possible to firmly connect several stage segments to one another, so that a larger working area is available, in which case the electric motors 34 of the connected segments would have to be synchronized with one another. Now the segments are descended from the stage 27 and stopped at the level most suitable for performing the work at hand. Some stage segments can also serve as funding between the stage segments serving as workplaces and the manholes 23.
  • the segments of the stage 27 are moved back to their stationing location and secured in this position again by means of the rods 37, after which the cables 29 are removed from the interior of the pressure vessel 4.
  • the openings 25 and the manholes 23 are then closed again gas-tight by means of the covers 26 and 23 ', and normal operation of the synthesis gas cooler 1 can be resumed.
  • Certain heavy impurities collect in the funnel 40 of the container 39 over time.
  • the emptying nozzle 41 is opened when the system is at a standstill and the container 39 cleaned from the inside.
  • the central space 100 can be reached through the gas inlet connector 20.
  • the pollution of the prism walls can be reduced very much if some wall tubes 5 and 7 are designed as rinsing tubes. For this purpose they are designed with a larger diameter than the other wall pipes and provided with holes that allow directed water jets to pass through. The directions of these water jets are set so that the largest possible surface of the prism walls is rinsed by the water jets. This measure indicates the additional Advantages that the cooling is improved and above all that the gas undergoes a gas wash and leaves the synthesis gas cooler with a high degree of purity.
  • support tubes can also be used, through which water flows in a known manner and thereby additionally contribute to cooling the upper space of the pressure vessel 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Der Wärmeübertrager (1) besteht im wesentlichen aus zwei vertikalen, koaxialen Gaszügen (2, 3), die aus in Längsrichtung der Gaszüge verlaufenden, miteinander verschweissten und von einem Medium durchströmten Wandrohren (5 bzw. 7) gebildet sind. Das zu kühlende Gas durchströmt zuerst einen vom inneren Gaszug (3) begrenzten zentralen Raum (100) und dann einen ringförmigen Zwischenraum (200), der zwischen den beiden Gaszügen gebildet ist. Im Zwischenraum (200), der über Mannlöcher (23) im oberen Bereich des Wärmeübertragers (1) zugänglich ist, ist eine im wesentlichen horizontale und ringförmige Bühne (27) vorgesehen, deren Abmessungen und Gestalt etwa dem Querschnitt des Zwischenraumes entsprechen. Die Bühne (27) ist entlang dem Zwischenraum (200) in vertikaler Richtung bewegbar. Mit Hilfe der Bühne lassen sich Inspektionen und ggfs. Reparaturen an den den Zwischenraum begrenzenden Wänden des Wärmeübertragers einfach und gefahrlos durchführen.The heat exchanger (1) consists essentially of two vertical, coaxial gas ducts (2, 3) which are formed from wall pipes (5 and 7) which run in the longitudinal direction of the gas ducts and are welded to one another and through which a medium flows. The gas to be cooled first flows through a central space (100) delimited by the inner gas duct (3) and then through an annular space (200) which is formed between the two gas ducts. In the intermediate space (200), which is accessible via manholes (23) in the upper area of the heat exchanger (1), an essentially horizontal and ring-shaped stage (27) is provided, the dimensions and shape of which roughly correspond to the cross section of the intermediate space. The stage (27) can be moved in the vertical direction along the intermediate space (200). With the help of the stage, inspections and, if necessary, repairs on the walls of the heat exchanger that delimit the space can be carried out easily and safely.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmeübertrager für Gase, vorzugsweise Gaskühler für Synthesegas, bestehend im wesentlichen aus zwei vertikalen, koaxialen Gaszügen, die aus geraden, in Längsrichtung der Gaszüge verlaufenden, miteinander verschweissten und von einem Medium durchströmten Wandrohren gebildet sind, mit mindestens einem an einem ersten Ende des Wärmeübertragers angebrachten ersten Gasdurchtrittsstutzen des inneren Gaszuges, mit mindestens einem im Bereich des ersten Endesy angebrachten zweiten Gasdurchtrittsstutzen des äusseren Gaszuges, mit mindestens einer Durchgangsöffnung für das Gas im Bereich eines zweiten Endes des Wärmeübertragers, die einen vom inneren Gaszug begrenzten zentralen Raum und einen Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Gas- zügen verbindet, und mit Kollektoren für die Wandrohre.The invention relates to a heat exchanger for gases, preferably gas cooler for synthesis gas, consisting essentially of two vertical, coaxial gas ducts, which are formed from straight wall pipes running in the longitudinal direction of the gas ducts, welded to one another and through which a medium flows, with at least one on a first End of the heat exchanger attached first gas passage socket of the inner gas duct, with at least one second gas passage socket of the outer gas duct attached in the region of the first end, with at least one passage opening for the gas in the region of a second end of the heat exchanger, which has a central space delimited by the inner gas duct and one connects trains and having collectors for the wall pipes - the space between the two gas.

Es ist ein solcher Wärmeübertrager bekannt, bei dem die Inspektion und Instandhaltung der Wände der Gaszüge in dem Zwischenraum sehr problematisch ist. In Fällen, in denen klebrige Feststoffe in den zirkulierenden Gasen enthalten sind, ist oft eine vorangehende Reinigung der Wände nötig. Ein ganz extremes Beispiel dieses Sachverhalts findet sich bei der Abkühlung von Synthesegas, während der die Schmelztemperatur der Flugasche erreicht wird, so dass die Flugasche sich teilweise in einem sehr klebrigen Zustand befindet und sich dann an den Wänden des Gaskühlers festsetzt. Die Dauer der notwendigen Betriebsunterbrechungen zum Ausführen der genannten Arbeiten hängt direkt davon ab, wie einfach oder wie schwierig der Zugang zu diesen Wänden ist. Nach dem Stand der Technik wird mindestens ein Mannloch im obersten Bereich des Gaskühlers vorgesehen, durch das Personen und/oder Geräte sowie Reinigungsmaterial in den Zwischenraum hineingebracht und dann mittels spezieller Hebezeuge hinuntergelassen werden. Es gibt auch Fälle, in denen die Personen selber mit Hilfe von Leitern in den Zwischenraum hinuntersteigen müssen. Durch einen solchen Zugang wird das Ausführen der Arbeiten zu einer zeitraubenden, schwierigen, unangenehmen und nicht ungefährlichen Operation. Es ist dabei zu berücksichtigen, dass der Zwischenraum eines Synthesegaskühlers Dimensionen von beispielsweise 16m Höhe und 60cm Ringbreite aufweisen kann.Such a heat exchanger is known in which the inspection and maintenance of the walls of the gas flues in the intermediate space is very problematic. In cases in which contain sticky solids in the circulating gases, the walls must often be cleaned beforehand. A very extreme example of this can be found in the cooling of synthesis gas, during which the melting temperature of the fly ash is reached, so that the fly ash is partly in a very sticky state and then adheres to the walls of the gas cooler. The duration of the necessary interruptions to carry out the work mentioned depends directly on how easy or how difficult it is to access these walls. According to the prior art, at least one manhole is provided in the uppermost region of the gas cooler, through which people and / or devices and cleaning material are brought into the intermediate space and then lowered using special lifting devices. There are also cases in which the people themselves have to climb down into the space with the help of ladders. With such an access, performing the work becomes a time-consuming, difficult, unpleasant and dangerous operation. It should be taken into account that the space between a synthesis gas cooler can have dimensions of, for example, 16 m in height and 60 cm in ring width.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, den eingangs genannten Wärmeübertrager auf einfache und kostengünstige Art so zu verbessern, dass die Pflege und auch die Inspektion des Zwischenraumes zwischen den beiden Gaszügen einfach, relativ rasch und gefahrlos durchgeführt werden können.It is an object of the invention to improve the heat exchanger mentioned at the outset in a simple and inexpensive manner such that the maintenance and also the inspection of the space between the two gas flues can be carried out simply, relatively quickly and safely.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass der Zwischenraum eine im wesentlichen horizontale und ringförmige Bühne enthält, deren Abmessungen und Gestalt etwa dem Querschnitt des Zwischenraumes entsprechen, dass Mittel vorhanden sind, durch die die Bühne entlang des Zwischenraumes in vertikaler Richtung bewegbar ist, und dass mindestens ein Durchgang im Bereich zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Gasdurchtrittsstutzen vorhanden ist, durch den der Zwischenraum erreichbar ist. Diese Lösung hat gegenüber dem Stand der Technik den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass die Bühne während der Arbeiten in der jeweils optimalen Lage bezüglich der zu bearbeitenden Partie der Zwischenraumwände positioniert werden kann, wodurch bestmögliche Bedingungen am Arbeitsplatz geschaffen werden. Auch bei Reparaturarbeiten, bei denen zum Beispiel eine Schweissmaschine in den Zwischenraum hineingebracht werden muss, bietet die erfindungsgemässe Lösung eine wesentliche Verbesserung gegenüber dem bisherigen Zustand.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the intermediate space contains an essentially horizontal and annular stage, the dimensions and shape of which roughly correspond to the cross section of the intermediate space speak that means are available through which the stage can be moved in the vertical direction along the intermediate space, and that at least one passage is present in the area between the first and the second gas passage connection piece, through which the intermediate space can be reached. Compared to the prior art, this solution has the additional advantage that the stage can be positioned in the optimal position with respect to the part of the interspace walls to be machined, as a result of which the best possible conditions are created at the workplace. Even in the case of repair work in which, for example, a welding machine has to be brought into the intermediate space, the solution according to the invention offers a significant improvement over the previous state.

Die Ausbildung der Bühne nach Anspruch 2 gibt die Möglichkeit, nach Wunsch, ein Ende des Zwischenraumes gegen die Wärme im übrigen Teil weitgehend zu isolieren.The design of the stage according to claim 2 gives the possibility, if desired, to largely insulate one end of the space from the heat in the remaining part.

Nach Anspruch 3 wird der besonders wärmeempfindliche Teil des Wärmeübertragers vor übermässiger Wärme, auch während des Betriebes des Wärmeübertragers, geschützt. Dadurch wird ferner eine Ausführung nach Anspruch 4 ermöglicht, die ein Auftreten von Gasleckagen aus dem Zwischenraum praktisch ausschliesst.According to claim 3, the particularly heat-sensitive part of the heat exchanger is protected from excessive heat, even during the operation of the heat exchanger. This also enables an embodiment according to claim 4, which practically excludes the occurrence of gas leaks from the intermediate space.

Die Ausführung gemäss Anspruch 5 führt zu einer besonders einfachen Disposition der den äusseren Gaszug bildenden Wandrohre.The embodiment according to claim 5 leads to a particularly simple disposition of the wall pipes forming the outer throttle cable.

Die Unterteilung der Bühne nach Anspruch 6 erlaubt die Verwendung eines Teils derselben als zeitweise fester Arbeitsplatz, während das andere Teil davon als Transportmittel zwischen dem Durchgang und dem festen Arbeitsplatz dient.The subdivision of the stage according to claim 6 allows the use of a part of it as a temporary fixed work place, while the other part of it serves as a means of transport between the passage and the fixed work place.

Die Erfindung wird nun an einem in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. l einen Gesamtüberblick eines Synthesegaskühlers nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt, nach der vertikalen Ebene II-II in Fig. 3, durch einen oberen und einen unteren Bereich des Synthesegaskühlers gemäss Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Horizontalschnitt nach der Schnittlinie III-III in Fig. 2 und
  • Fig. 4 ein Detail einer möglichen Ausgestaltung der anderen Mittel zur Stationierung der Bühne.
The invention will now be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows an overall overview of a synthesis gas cooler according to the invention,
  • 2 shows a section, according to the vertical plane II-II in FIG. 3, through an upper and a lower region of the synthesis gas cooler according to FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 is a horizontal section along the section line III-III in Fig. 2 and
  • Fig. 4 shows a detail of a possible embodiment of the other means for stationing the stage.

Der Synthesegaskühler 1 nach Fig. 1, 2 und 3 enthält in einem zylindrischen vertikalen Druckbehälter 4 ein einen Gaszug bildendes hohles Innenprisma 2 und ein hohles Aussenprisma, das koaxial zum Innenprisma angeordnet ist und ebenfalls einen Gaszug bildet. Der Druckbehälter 4 hat die Hauptaufgabe, den grossen Druckunterschieden zwischen dem Gas und der Umgebung zu widerstehen, wogegen die Druckdifferenzen um die Prismen 2 und 3 relativ klein bleiben, was deren Auslegung und Herstellung sehr vereinfacht. Das Innenprisma 2 begrenzt einen zentralen Raum 100, und zwischen den beiden Prismen befindet sich ein ringförmiger Zwischenraum 200. Das achteckige Innenprisma 2 besteht aus in Längsrichtung der Gaszüge verlaufenden Wandrohren 5, die über Stege 6 zusammengeschweisst sind und eine gasdichte Wand bilden. Es hängt mittels Tragseilen 9 an Oesen 10, die am oberen Boden des Druckbehälters 4 befestigt sind. In ähnlicher Weise besteht das ebenfalls achteckige Aussenprisma 3 aus über Stege 8 zusammengeschweissten Wandrohren 7, die ebenfalls eine gasdichte Wand bilden. Auch das Prisma 3 ist mittels Tragseilen 11 an Oesen 12 aufgehängt, die an der vertikalen Wand des Druckbehälters 4 angeschweisst sind. Die beiden koaxialen Prismen 2 und 3 sind um 22,5° gegeneinander verdreht angeordnet. In der unteren Partie des Kühlers geht das Aussenprisma 3 in einen nach unten sich verjüngenden Pyramidenstumpf 13 über, wobei in dem Masse, wie die Seitenflächen des Pyramidenstumpfes 13 sich verengen, Wandrohre 7 aus dem Pyramidenstumpf nach aussen abgebogen sind. Sämtliche Wandrohre 7 münden schliesslich, d.h. nach dem Verlassen des Pyramidenstumpfes 13, in einen Verteiler 14, dessen Mittellinie einen parallel zum Umriss des Aussenprismas 3 verlaufendes Achteck bildet. An dem Verteiler 14 sind mindestens zwei vertikale Einspeiserohre 15 für Kühlwasser angeschlossen.1, 2 and 3 contains, in a cylindrical vertical pressure vessel 4, a hollow inner prism 2 forming a gas train and a hollow outer prism which is arranged coaxially with the inner prism and also forms a gas train. The pressure vessel 4 has the main task of resisting the large pressure differences between the gas and the environment, whereas the pressure differences around the prisms 2 and 3 remain relatively small, which greatly simplifies their design and manufacture. The inner prism 2 delimits a central space 100 and there is an annular space 200 between the two prisms. The octagonal inner prism 2 consists of wall tubes 5 running in the longitudinal direction of the gas passages, which are welded together via webs 6 and form a gas-tight wall. It hangs by means of support ropes 9 on eyelets 10 which are attached to the upper bottom of the pressure vessel 4. In Similarly, the likewise octagonal outer prism 3 consists of wall tubes 7 welded together via webs 8, which also form a gas-tight wall. The prism 3 is also suspended by ropes 11 on eyelets 12 which are welded to the vertical wall of the pressure vessel 4. The two coaxial prisms 2 and 3 are arranged rotated relative to one another by 22.5 °. In the lower part of the cooler, the outer prism 3 merges into a truncated pyramid 13, wall tubes 7 being bent outward from the truncated pyramid to the extent that the side surfaces of the truncated pyramid 13 narrow. All of the wall tubes 7 finally open, ie after leaving the truncated pyramid 13, into a distributor 14, the center line of which forms an octagon running parallel to the outline of the outer prism 3. At least two vertical feed pipes 15 for cooling water are connected to the distributor 14.

In der unteren Partie des Innenprismas 3 ist auf einer Höhenebene "a" ein Teil der Wandrohre 5 nach aussen abgebogen und horizontal bis zu radialen Ebenen geführt, in denen sie nach unten umgelenkt und dann anfänglich vertikal weitergeleitet werden. Dadurch verlaufen sämtliche Wandrohre 5 des Innenprismas 2 von der Höhenebene "a" ab entlang vertikaler, radialer, gleichmässig über den Umfang des Synthesegaskühlers 1 verteilter Ebenen in dem Raum zwischen dem Prisma 2 und dem Pyramidenstumpf 13 des Prismas 3. Auf diese Weise entstehen am unteren Ende des Innenprismas 2 grosse Durchgangsöffnungen für das Gas, die den zentralen Raum 100 mit dem Zwischenraum 200 verbinden. In ihrem weiteren Verlauf durchstossen die Wandrohre 5 die Stege 8 zwischen den Rohren 7 des Pyramidenstumpfes 13 und münden in den Verteiler 14. An der Durchstossstelle sind die Rohre 5 mit den Stegen 8 dicht verschweisst. Von der Höhenebene "a" abwärts verschwinden die Stege 6 des Innenprismas 2, so dass die Wandrohre 5 in diesem Bereich genügend Flexibilität aufweisen, um unterschiedliche Wärmedehnungen der Prismen 2 und 3 auszugleichen. Die Stege 8 des Pyramidenstumpfes 13 enden dagegen an der Höhenebene "b". An das untere Ende des Pyramidenstumpfes 13 schliesst sich eine Tauchwand 45 aus Blech an.In the lower part of the inner prism 3, on a height plane "a", part of the wall tubes 5 is bent outwards and guided horizontally to radial planes in which they are deflected downward and then initially passed on vertically. As a result, all the wall tubes 5 of the inner prism 2 run from the height plane "a" along vertical, radial, evenly distributed planes over the circumference of the synthesis gas cooler 1 in the space between the prism 2 and the truncated pyramid 13 of the prism 3 End of the inner prism 2 large through openings for the gas, which connect the central space 100 with the space 200. In their further course, the wall tubes 5 pierce the webs 8 between the tubes 7 of the truncated pyramid 13 and open into the distributor 14. At the piercing point the tubes 5 are tightly welded to the webs 8. The webs 6 of the inner prism 2 disappear from the height plane "a", so that the wall tubes 5 have sufficient flexibility in this area to compensate for different thermal expansions of the prisms 2 and 3. The webs 8 of the truncated pyramid 13, however, end at the height plane "b". At the lower end of the truncated pyramid 13 there is a baffle 45 made of sheet metal.

In ihrer oberen Partie münden die Wandrohre 5 des Innenprismas 2 in einen Sammler 16, an den mindestens zwei radial nach aussen gerichtete Abfuhrleitungen 17 angeschlossen sind. Die Wandrohre 7 des Aussenprismas 3 münden ihrerseits in ihrer oberen Partie in einen Sammler 18, an den ebenfalls mindestens zwei radial nach aussen verlaufende Abfuhrleitungen 19 angeschlossen sind. Beide Sammler 16 und 18 weisen die gleiche Form und den gleichen Umfang wie der Verteiler 14 auf und verlaufen parallel zu diesem, wobei der Sammler 18 unterhalb des Sammlers 16 liegt.In its upper part, the wall tubes 5 of the inner prism 2 open into a collector 16 to which at least two discharge lines 17 directed radially outwards are connected. The wall tubes 7 of the outer prism 3 in turn open in their upper part into a collector 18, to which at least two radially outward discharge lines 19 are also connected. Both collectors 16 and 18 have the same shape and the same circumference as the distributor 14 and run parallel to the latter, the collector 18 being located below the collector 16.

Der obere Boden des Druckbehälters 4 wird von einem Gaseintrittstutzen 20 des Innenprismas 2 mittig durchstossen. Ein Gasaustrittstutzen 21 des Aussenprismas 3 durchstösst die Wand des Druckbehälters 4 in seinem oberen Bereich. Beide Stutzen 20 und 21 sind innen mit wärmeisolierendem Material 22 überzogen. Im Höhenbereich zwischen den Sammlern 16 und 18 weist der Druckbehälter 4 acht auf seinem Umfang gleichmässig verteilte Mannlöcher 23 auf, die durch Deckel 23' (nur in Fig. 1 sichtbar) verschliessbar sind.The upper bottom of the pressure vessel 4 is pierced in the middle by a gas inlet connector 20 of the inner prism 2. A gas outlet 21 of the outer prism 3 penetrates the wall of the pressure vessel 4 in its upper region. Both nozzles 20 and 21 are covered on the inside with heat-insulating material 22. In the height range between the collectors 16 and 18, the pressure vessel 4 has eight manholes 23 which are evenly distributed over its circumference and which can be closed by covers 23 '(only visible in FIG. 1).

Unterhalb des Sammlers 18 wird der Zwischenraum 200 durch eine horizontale Trennwand 24 gasdicht abgeschlossen, die acht rechteckige Oeffnungen 25 aufweist, die jeweils unterhalb eines Mannloches 23 liegen. Die Breite jeder Oeffnung 25 ist gleich dem Durchmesser des zugehörigen Mannloches 23 und die Länge gleich dem doppelten Durchmesser. Zu jeder Oeffnung 25 ist ein Deckel 26 vorgesehen, der über Scharniere mit der Trennwand 24 verbunden ist und mit dem die Oeffnung geöffnet und geschlossen werden kann. Mittels nicht gezeigter Mittel wird auf übliche Weise ein gasdichter Verschluss der Oeffnung 25 erreicht. Die Trennwand 24 und die Deckel 26 sind gewellt und aus relativ dünnem Blech hergestellt, so dass sie unterschiedliche Wärmedehnungen des Innenprismas 2 und des Aussenprismas 3 aufnehmen können.Below the collector 18, the intermediate space 200 is sealed gas-tight by a horizontal partition wall 24, which has eight rectangular openings 25, each lying below a manhole 23. The width of each opening 25 is equal to the diameter of the associated manhole 23 and the length is twice the diameter. A lid 26 is provided for each opening 25, which is connected to the partition 24 by means of hinges and with which the opening can be opened and closed. A gas-tight seal of the opening 25 is achieved in the usual manner by means not shown. The partition 24 and the cover 26 are corrugated and made of relatively thin sheet metal, so that they can absorb different thermal expansions of the inner prism 2 and the outer prism 3.

Knapp oberhalb des Gasaustrittstutzens 21 ist im Zwischenraum 200 eine in acht Segmente unterteilte Bühne 27 stationiert. Jedes Bühnensegment ist mittels einer Aufhängestruktur 28 an einem Seil 29 aufgehängt. Jedes Seil 29 ist über eine erste Umlenkrolle 30 und eine zweite Umlenkrolle 32 zu einer Winde 33 geführt, die von einem Elektromotor 34 angetrieben wird. Jede Umlenkrolle 30 ist an einem Träger 31 gelagert, der oberhalb des Mannloches 23 auf der Innenseite des Druckbehälters 4 befestigt ist. Jede Umlenkrolle 32 mit zugehöriger Winde 33 sowie Elektromotor 34 ist an einem Träger 35 angebracht, der an der Aussenseite des Druckbehälters 4 festgemacht ist. Die jeweils einem Bühnensegment zugeordneten Träger 31 und 35 liegen etwa auf der gleichen Höhe, und zwar unterhalb des Sammlers 16. Zwischen den Umlenkrollen 30 und 32 verläuft das Seil 29 durch das Mannloch 23 hindurch, so dass, wenn der zugehörige Deckel 23' montiert wird, das Seil 29 entfernt werden muss.A stage 27 divided into eight segments is stationed just above the gas outlet connection 21 in the intermediate space 200. Each stage segment is suspended from a rope 29 by means of a suspension structure 28. Each rope 29 is guided via a first deflection roller 30 and a second deflection roller 32 to a winch 33 which is driven by an electric motor 34. Each deflection roller 30 is mounted on a carrier 31 which is fastened above the manhole 23 on the inside of the pressure container 4. Each deflection roller 32 with associated winch 33 and electric motor 34 is attached to a carrier 35 which is attached to the outside of the pressure vessel 4. The respective supports 31 and 35 assigned to a stage segment lie approximately at the same height, specifically below the collector 16. Between the deflection rollers 30 and 32, the cable 29 runs through the manhole 23, so that when the associated cover 23 'is mounted , the rope 29 must be removed.

Gemäss Fig. 4 wird zwecks Stationierung eines Bühnensegmentes - nach Entfernen des Seiles - ein starker runder Stab 37 durch eine Oese 36 der Aufhängestruktur 28 gesteckt, der in zwei gegenüberliegende Nuten 38 in der Oeffnung 25 eingehängt ist, ohne dass das Verschliessen des Deckels 26 beeinträchtigt wird.4 is for the purpose of stationing a stage segmentes - after removing the rope - a strong round rod 37 is inserted through an eyelet 36 of the suspension structure 28, which is suspended in two opposite grooves 38 in the opening 25 without the closure of the cover 26 being impaired.

Jedes Segment der Bühne 27 weist die Form eines Fünfecks mit einer einspringenden Ecke auf, die einer Kante des Innenprismas 2 benachbart ist und an dieser geführt ist. Die Fläche jedes Fünfecks entspricht etwa einem Achtel des Ringquerschnittes des Zwischenraumes 200. Alle acht Segmente zusammen sind also der Grösse und Gestalt des Querschnitts des Zwischenraumes 200 angepasst. Die Bühnensegmente können zwecks besserer Führung noch Räder mit horizontaler Drehachse aufweisen, die an den Wänden der Prismen 2 und 3 laufen. Eine Schicht von wärmeisolierendem Material 22' auf der Unterseite der Bühne 27 schützt diese und das darüberliegende Teil des Zwischenraumes 200 gegen die noch relativ hohe Temperatur des austretenden Gases (ca. 7000C im Normalbetrieb).Each segment of the stage 27 has the shape of a pentagon with a recessed corner which is adjacent to an edge of the inner prism 2 and is guided thereon. The area of each pentagon corresponds to approximately one eighth of the ring cross-section of the space 200. All eight segments together are therefore adapted to the size and shape of the cross-section of the space 200. For better guidance, the stage segments can also have wheels with a horizontal axis of rotation running on the walls of prisms 2 and 3. A layer of heat-insulating material 22 'on the underside of the stage 27 protects it and the part of the space 200 above it from the still relatively high temperature of the escaping gas (approx. 700 ° C. in normal operation).

Unterhalb des Pyramidenstumpfes 13 ist im Druckbehälter 4 ein mit Wasser gefüllter Behälter 39 vorgesehen, der an seinem unteren Ende in einen Trichter 40 mit Entleerungsstutzen 41 übergeht. Das Wasser wird durch den Behälter 39 mittels einer nicht gezeigten Zirkulationspumpe gefördert. Zu diesem Zweck sind am Behälter 39 ein Wassereintrittstutzen 42 und ein Wasseraustrittstutzen 43 angeschlossen. In der die Zirkulationspumpe enthaltenden Verbindungsleitung ist eine ebenfalls nicht gezeigte Kühl- und Reinigungsanlage vorgesehen. Der Behälter 39 stützt sich über mindestens drei Stützbleche 44 an der Wand des Druckbehälters 4 ab. Der beschriebene Synthesegaskühler funktioniert wie folgt:

  • Im Normalbetrieb tritt das zu kühlende Synthesegas durch den Gaseintrittstutzen 20 in den zentralen Raum 100 ein, durchströmt diesen von oben nach unten und - nach Umleitung in den Durchtrittsöffnungen des Innenprismas 2 - den Zwischenraum 200 von unten nach oben bis zum Gasaustrittstutzen 21, über den es den Synthesegaskühler 1 verlässt. Ueber die Einspeiserohre 15 wird Kühlwasser zum Verteiler 14 geführt, das dann die Wandrohre 5 und 7 von unten nach oben durchströmt, wobei es Wärme aus dem Gas aufnimmt. Das so erwärmte Wasser verlässt über den Sammler 16 und die Abfuhrleitungen 17 und den Sammler 18 und die Abfuhrleitungen 19 den Synthesegaskühler 1. Das Synthesegas wird dabei zwischen dem Gaseintrittstutzen 20 und dem Gasaustrittstutzen 21 von etwa 1500°C auf ca. 700°C abgekühlt und durchläuft damit bei ca. 12000C die Schmelztemperatur von im Gas enthaltener Flugasche, die bei dieser Temperatur teilweise in einem klebrigen Zustand ist. Ein Teil der klebrigen Flugasche setzt sich an den Wänden der beiden Prismen 2 und 3 ab, und der Rest wird zusammen mit anderen eventuell sich in festem Zustand befindlichen Unreinheiten des Gases durch die Schwerkraft in den Behälter 39 abgeschieden. Auch an gewissen Stellen der Wände der Prismen sich anhängende Ascheklumpen, die sich im Betrieb gelegentlich lösen, fallen in das Wasser des Behälters 39, und zwar entweder direkt aus dem zentralen Raum 100 oder aus dem Zwischenraum 200 über den als Trichter wirkenden Pyramidenstumpf 13 des Aussenprismas 3.
Below the truncated pyramid 13, a container 39 filled with water is provided in the pressure vessel 4, which at its lower end merges into a funnel 40 with an emptying nozzle 41. The water is conveyed through the container 39 by means of a circulation pump, not shown. For this purpose, a water inlet connector 42 and a water outlet connector 43 are connected to the container 39. A cooling and cleaning system, also not shown, is provided in the connecting line containing the circulation pump. The container 39 is supported on the wall of the pressure container 4 by at least three support plates 44. The synthesis gas cooler described works as follows:
  • In normal operation, the synthesis gas to be cooled enters the central space 100 through the gas inlet connector 20, flows through it from top to bottom and - after diversion into the through openings of the inner prism 2 - the intermediate space 200 from the bottom up to the gas outlet connector 21, via which it leaves the synthesis gas cooler 1. Cooling water is fed via the feed pipes 15 to the distributor 14, which then flows through the wall pipes 5 and 7 from bottom to top, absorbing heat from the gas. The water heated in this way leaves the synthesis gas cooler 1 via the collector 16 and the discharge lines 17 and the collector 18 and the discharge lines 19. The synthesis gas is cooled between about 1500 ° C. and about 700 ° C. between the gas inlet nozzle 20 and the gas outlet nozzle 21 thus passes through at about 1200 ° C. the melting temperature of fly ash contained in the gas, which at this temperature is partly in a sticky state. A portion of the sticky fly ash settles on the walls of the two prisms 2 and 3, and the rest, together with other impurities in the gas which may be in the solid state, are separated into the container 39 by gravity. Lumps of ash attached to the walls of the prisms, which occasionally come loose during operation, also fall into the water of the container 39, either directly from the central space 100 or from the space 200 via the truncated pyramid 13 of the outer prism 3rd

Ueber den Wasseraustrittstutzen 43 und den Wassereintrittstutzen 42 wird mittels der Zirkulationspumpe das Wasser aus dem Behälter 39 durch die Kühl- und Reinigungsanlage und zurück zum Behälter umgewälzt. Die Tauchwand 45 trennt den zentralen Raum 100 und den Zwischenraum 200 einerseits gasdicht von den diese Räume umgebenden Innenräumen des Druckbehälters 4, so dass ein Druckausgleich zwischen diesen Räumen auf kontrollierte, bekannte Weise durchgeführt werden kann.About the water outlet pipe 43 and the water inlet pipe 42 is by means of the circulation pump Water from the tank 39 is circulated through the cooling and cleaning system and back to the tank. The baffle 45 separates the central space 100 and the intermediate space 200 on the one hand in a gas-tight manner from the interior spaces of the pressure vessel 4 surrounding these spaces, so that pressure compensation between these spaces can be carried out in a controlled, known manner.

Werden Inspektionen und/oder Reparaturarbeiten notwendig, so wird die Anlage stillgesetzt, abgekühlt und die Deckel 23' von den Mannlöchern 23 entfernt. Die Trennwand 24 ist nun zugänglich, so dass die Deckel 26 geöffnet werden können. Ist dies geschehen, so werden die Seile 29 von den Winden 33 abgewickelt, über die Umlenkrollen 32 und 30 geführt und an den Aufhängestrukturen 28 der Bühnensegmente festgemacht. Diese werden mit Hilfe der Elektromotoren 34 leicht angehoben, woraufhin die Stäbe 37 entfernt werden, so dass dann die Segmente der Bühne 27 betriebsbereit sind. Durch die Mannlöcher 23 und die Oeffnungen 25 klettern nun die Personen auf die Bühne, wobei auch ggfs. das notwendige Material für die oben erwähnten Arbeiten auf die Bühne 27 aufgeladen wird. Jedes Segment ist etwa so gross, dass es zur Hälfte einem Mann genügend Platz bietet und im übrigen Werkzeuge, Reinigungs- und Reparaturmaterial aufnehmen kann. Das Gewicht muss dabei so verteilt werden, dass jedes Bühnensegment ungefähr im Gleichgewicht bleibt. Falls die bereits erwähnte Führung der Bühnensegmente mittels Rädern vorhanden ist, ist man in der Gewichtsverteilung unabhängiger. Es ist auch möglich, mehrere Bühnensegmente fest miteinander zu verbinden, so dass eine grössere Arbeitsfläche zur Verfügung steht, wobei in einem solchen Falle die Elektromotoren 34 der verbundenen Segmente miteinander synchronisiert werden müssten. Nun können die Segmente der Bühne 27 hinuntergefahren werden und in derjenigen Höhe angehalten werden, die für das Ausführen der jeweiligen Arbeit am geeignetsten ist. Es können auch einige Bühnensegmente als Fördermittel zwischen den als Arbeitsplatz dienenden Bühnensegmenten und den Mannlöchern 23 dienen.If inspections and / or repair work are necessary, the system is shut down, cooled and the covers 23 'removed from the manholes 23. The partition 24 is now accessible so that the cover 26 can be opened. Once this has been done, the ropes 29 are unwound from the winches 33, guided over the deflection rollers 32 and 30 and fastened to the suspension structures 28 of the stage segments. These are slightly raised with the help of the electric motors 34, whereupon the rods 37 are removed, so that the segments of the stage 27 are then ready for operation. Through the manholes 23 and the openings 25, the people now climb onto the stage, the material necessary for the above-mentioned work possibly also being loaded onto the stage 27. Each segment is about so large that half of it offers enough space for one man and the other half can hold tools, cleaning and repair material. The weight must be distributed so that each stage segment remains roughly in balance. If the already mentioned guidance of the stage segments by means of wheels is available, the weight distribution is more independent. It is also possible to firmly connect several stage segments to one another, so that a larger working area is available, in which case the electric motors 34 of the connected segments would have to be synchronized with one another. Now the segments are descended from the stage 27 and stopped at the level most suitable for performing the work at hand. Some stage segments can also serve as funding between the stage segments serving as workplaces and the manholes 23.

Nach Vollendung der Arbeiten werden die Segmente der Bühne 27 zurück an ihren Stationierungsort gefahren und mittels der Stäbe 37 wieder in dieser Lage gesichert, wonach die Seile 29 aus dem Inneren des Druckbehälters 4 entfernt werden. Die Oeffnungen 25 und die Mannlöcher 23 werden dann mittels der Deckel 26 bzw. 23' wieder gasdicht verschlossen und der Normalbetrieb des Synthesegaskühlers 1 kann erneut aufgenommen werden. Gewisse schwere Verunreinigungen sammeln sich im Laufe der Zeit im Trichter 40 des Behälters 39. Wenn die Schmutzansammlung in diesem Trichter 40 ein gewisses Maximum erreicht hat, eventuell nach Ausführung einer grösseren Reinigungsarbeit innerhalb des Druckbehälters 4, wird bei Stillstand der Anlage der Entleerungsstutzen 41 geöffnet und der Behälter 39 von innen gereinigt.After completion of the work, the segments of the stage 27 are moved back to their stationing location and secured in this position again by means of the rods 37, after which the cables 29 are removed from the interior of the pressure vessel 4. The openings 25 and the manholes 23 are then closed again gas-tight by means of the covers 26 and 23 ', and normal operation of the synthesis gas cooler 1 can be resumed. Certain heavy impurities collect in the funnel 40 of the container 39 over time. When the dirt accumulation in this funnel 40 has reached a certain maximum, possibly after performing a major cleaning work within the pressure container 4, the emptying nozzle 41 is opened when the system is at a standstill and the container 39 cleaned from the inside.

Der zentrale Raum 100 kann durch den Gaseintrittstutzen 20 erreicht werden.The central space 100 can be reached through the gas inlet connector 20.

Die Verschmutzung der Prismenwände kann sehr stark herabgesetzt werden, wenn einige Wandrohre 5 und 7 als Spülrohre ausgebildet werden. Zu diesem Zweck werden sie mit einem grösseren Durchmesser ausgeführt als die übrigen Wandrohre und mit Löchern versehen, die gerichtete Wasserstrahlen durchlassen. Die Richtungen dieser Wasserstrahlen werden so gelegt, dass die grösstmögliche Oberfläche der Prismenwände von den Wasserstrahlen gespült wird. Diese Massnahme weist die zusätzlichen Vorteile auf, dass die Kühlung verbessert wird und vor allem, dass das Gas eine Gaswäsche erfährt und mit einem hohen Reinheitsgrad den Synthesegaskühler verlässt.The pollution of the prism walls can be reduced very much if some wall tubes 5 and 7 are designed as rinsing tubes. For this purpose they are designed with a larger diameter than the other wall pipes and provided with holes that allow directed water jets to pass through. The directions of these water jets are set so that the largest possible surface of the prism walls is rinsed by the water jets. This measure indicates the additional Advantages that the cooling is improved and above all that the gas undergoes a gas wash and leaves the synthesis gas cooler with a high degree of purity.

Es ist nicht unbedingt nötig, dass die Seile 29 durch die Mannlöcher 23 hindurchführen, obwohl diese Lösung im Hinblick auf Zugänglichkeit besonders interessant ist. Es wäre z.B. auch denkbar, die Seile 29 durch spezielle Durchgänge am oberen Boden des Druckbehälters 4 zu führen, oder im Innern des Druckbehälters 4 oberhalb der Oeffnungen 25 Aufhängemöglichkeiten vorzusehen, an denen, nach Oeffnung der Mannlöcher 23, die ganzen Antriebsvorrichtungen für die Segmente der Bühne 27 aufgehängt werden könnten. Elektromotoren 34 sind nicht unbedingt notwendig, und die Bühnensegmente könnten unter Umständen von Hand hoch und runter gefahren werden. Es ist auf jeden Fall empfehlenswert, alle möglichen Sicherheitsmassnahmen vorzusehen, wie zum Beispiel: Zwei unabhängig voneinander benutzbare Seile 29 je Segment der Bühne 27, automatische Sicherheitsbremsen an den Bühnensegmenten und jederzeitige Betätigung der Winden 33 von Hand.It is not absolutely necessary for the cables 29 to pass through the manholes 23, although this solution is particularly interesting in terms of accessibility. It would be e.g. it is also conceivable to guide the ropes 29 through special passages on the upper bottom of the pressure vessel 4, or to provide suspension means inside the pressure vessel 4 above the openings 25, on which, after opening the manholes 23, the entire drive devices for the segments of the stage 27 are suspended could become. Electric motors 34 are not absolutely necessary and the stage segments could possibly be moved up and down by hand. In any case, it is advisable to take all possible safety measures, such as: Two ropes 29 which can be used independently of each other on the stage 27 segment, automatic safety brakes on the stage segments and manual operation of the winches 33 at any time.

Anstelle der Tragseile 9 und 11 für die Prismen 2 und 3 können auch Tragrohre verwendet werden, die auf bekannte Weise von Wasser durchströmt sind und dadurch zusätzlich zur Kühlung des oberen Raumes des Druckbehälters 4 beitragen.Instead of the support cables 9 and 11 for the prisms 2 and 3, support tubes can also be used, through which water flows in a known manner and thereby additionally contribute to cooling the upper space of the pressure vessel 4.

Claims (6)

1. Wärmeübertrager für Gase, vorzugsweise Gaskühler für Synthesegas, bestehend im wesentlichen aus zwei ver- tikalen, koaxialen Gaszügen, die aus geraden, in Längsrichtung der Gaszüge verlaufenden, miteinander verschweissten und von einem Medium durchströmten Wandrohren gebildet sind, mit mindestens einem an einem ersten Ende des Wärmeübertragers angebrachten ersten Gasdurchtrittsstutzen des inneren Gaszuges, mit mindestens einem im Bereich des ersten Endes angebrachten zweiten Gasdurchtrittsstutzen des äusseren Gaszuges, mit mindestens einer Durchgangsöffnung für das Gas im Bereich eines zweiten Endes des Wärmeübertragers, die einen vom inneren Gaszug begrenzten zentralen Raum und einen Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Gaszügen verbindet, und mit Kollektoren für die Wandrohre, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zwischenraum eine im wesentlichen horizontale und ringförmige Bühne enthält, deren Abmessungen und Gestalt etwa dem Querschnitt des Zwischenraumes entsprechen, dass Mittel vorhanden sind, durch die die Bühne entlang des Zwischenraumes in vertikaler Richtung bewegbar ist, und dass mindestens ein Durchgang im Bereich zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Gasdurchtrittsstutzen vorhanden ist, durch den der Zwischenraum erreichbar ist.1. Heat exchanger for gases, preferably a gas cooler for synthesis gas, consisting essentially of two ver - tical coaxial Gaszü g en, which are formed of straight, extending in the longitudinal direction of the gas flues, welded to one another and flowed through by a medium-wall pipes, with at least one of a first end of the heat exchanger attached to the first gas passage socket of the inner gas cable, with at least one second gas passage socket of the outer gas train attached in the area of the first end, with at least one passage opening for the gas in the area of a second end of the heat exchanger, which has a central space delimited by the inner gas passage and connects a space between the two gas flues, and with collectors for the wall pipes, characterized in that the space contains a substantially horizontal and annular stage, the dimensions and shape of which correspond approximately to the cross section of the space, that means are available, through which the stage can be moved along the space in the vertical direction, and that there is at least one passage in the area between the first and the second gas passage nozzle through which the space can be reached. 2. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bühne wärmeisolierend ist.2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the stage is heat-insulating. 3. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel auf die Bühne von der Seite des ersten Endes her einwirken, dass diese Mittel bei Stationierung der Bühne entfernbar sind und dass andere Mittel vorhanden sind, die unabhängig von den erstgenannten Mitteln die Stationierung der Bühne, auch während des Betriebes des Wärmeübertragers, in einem Stationierungsort zwischen dem Durchgang und dem zweiten Gasdurchtrittsstutzen sichern.3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means act on the stage from the side of the first end that this Means are removable when the stage is stationed and that other means are present which, independently of the first-mentioned means, secure the stationing of the stage, even during the operation of the heat exchanger, in a stationing location between the passage and the second gas passage nozzle. 4. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich zwischen dem Stationierungsort und dem Durchgang der Zwischenraum mittels mindestens einer im wesentlichen horizontal verlaufenden und mindestens eine verschliessbare Oeffnung aufweisenden Trennwand gasdicht abgeschlossen ist.4. Heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that in the area between the stationing location and the passage, the intermediate space is sealed in a gas-tight manner by means of at least one essentially horizontally extending and at least one closable opening. 5. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nahe dem ersten Ende befindlichen Kollektoren für die Wandrohre des äusseren Gaszuges zwischen dem Durchgang und dem zweiten Gasdurchtrittsstutzen angebracht sind und dass die nahe dem ersten Ende befindlichen Kollektoren der Wandrohre des inneren Gaszuges zwischen dem Durchgang und dem ersten Gasdurchtrittsstutzen liegen.5. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the collectors located near the first end for the wall pipes of the outer gas flue between the passage and the second gas passage nozzle are attached and that the collectors located near the first end of the wall pipes of the inner Throttle cable are between the passage and the first gas passage nozzle. 6. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bühne in mindestens zwei Segmente unterteilt ist, die unabhängig voneinander bewegbar und stationierbar sind.6. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stage is divided into at least two segments which can be moved and stationed independently of one another.
EP84104775A 1983-07-07 1984-04-27 Gas heat exchanger, in particular a synthesis gas cooler Expired EP0131099B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3730/83A CH661585A5 (en) 1983-07-07 1983-07-07 HEAT EXCHANGER FOR GASES, PREFERABLY SYNTHESIS GAS COOLER.
CH3730/83 1983-07-07

Publications (3)

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EP0131099A2 true EP0131099A2 (en) 1985-01-16
EP0131099A3 EP0131099A3 (en) 1985-05-22
EP0131099B1 EP0131099B1 (en) 1988-03-02

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EP84104775A Expired EP0131099B1 (en) 1983-07-07 1984-04-27 Gas heat exchanger, in particular a synthesis gas cooler

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US (1) US4535727A (en)
EP (1) EP0131099B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6020096A (en)
CH (1) CH661585A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3469559D1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA843197B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6020096A (en) 1985-02-01
EP0131099A3 (en) 1985-05-22
DE3469559D1 (en) 1988-04-07
US4535727A (en) 1985-08-20
EP0131099B1 (en) 1988-03-02
ZA843197B (en) 1984-11-28
CH661585A5 (en) 1987-07-31

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