EP0131083B1 - Lining of fibrous material for glazing rolls - Google Patents

Lining of fibrous material for glazing rolls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0131083B1
EP0131083B1 EP84100947A EP84100947A EP0131083B1 EP 0131083 B1 EP0131083 B1 EP 0131083B1 EP 84100947 A EP84100947 A EP 84100947A EP 84100947 A EP84100947 A EP 84100947A EP 0131083 B1 EP0131083 B1 EP 0131083B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
fibres
fibrous material
fiber
paper
roll
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EP84100947A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0131083A1 (en
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Dieter Cordier
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
    • D21G1/0233—Soft rolls
    • D21G1/024—Soft rolls formed from a plurality of compacted disc elements or from a spirally-wound band
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/46—Non-siliceous fibres, e.g. from metal oxides
    • D21H13/50—Carbon fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/906—Roll or coil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/909—Resilient layer, e.g. printer's blanket
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/50—FELT FABRIC
    • Y10T442/51—From natural organic fiber [e.g., wool, etc.]
    • Y10T442/53—Including particulate material other than fiber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an elastic smoothing roller with a cover made of compressed fiber material, in particular for paper satin.
  • a special fiber material which is pressed onto the roll cores under high pressures of approximately 500 to 600 bar and then cylindrically twisted and polished, has established itself as the material for the jacket or cover of the elastic rolls of supercalenders.
  • Cellulose fibers namely cotton sinters
  • cotton sinters are primarily used as the fiber material.
  • other fiber materials can also be added to these cellulose fibers.
  • the European standard cover for elastic calender rolls consists of 80% cotton and 20% wool. Roller covers with up to 50% asbestos fibers are also used for special purposes.
  • the fiber material used for covering elastic smoothing rolls or calender rolls which for the most part consists mainly of cotton fibers with possibly a percentage of wool, is used in the form of paper made from this material, which is produced by conventional paper production processes on Fourdrinier paper machines.
  • Octagonal or round disks with a central opening for the roller core are cut from the paper, which are then stacked on the roller core and pressed together with the pressures mentioned up to 600 bar in the axial direction.
  • the rolls prepared in this way are then turned to an exact dimension and polished.
  • the fiber material for the roll cover in the form of a paper.
  • Manufacturing processes are also known in which the fiber material, for example carded cotton fiber, is pressed onto the roller core in a different manner.
  • calender roll papers are used almost exclusively for re-covering the elastic smoothing rolls.
  • a press roll sleeve for use in the wet press area of a paper machine which consists of a synthetic polymer material as a basic matrix which contains carbon fibers oriented essentially in parallel for strengthening.
  • This is the usual production of a carbon fiber reinforced mechanical component, as is also known in a similar way glass fiber reinforced plastic components.
  • the roller produced in this way is not suitable as a calender roller for the high saturation of paper.
  • US-A-3 395 636 describes a roller, which is also not a satin roller, the roller body of which, apart from a supporting core, consists essentially of a fiber or paper material, but rather a roller with a relatively thin coating Made of elastomer material, which is located on a steel body.
  • This elastomer material is said to contain 20-80% soot, as is also common in the manufacture of vehicle tires.
  • the specific problems of paper-filled satinizing rollers are not addressed in this document, nor are the rollers described there suitable for the application concerned here.
  • the object of the invention is to improve fiber-filled smoothing rollers for calendering calenders in such a way that local burns below the roller surface are avoided without impairing the advantageous technological properties of fiber-filled rollers. It should be mentioned that a relatively high surface temperature of the rolls is desirable for a good satin effect. On the other hand, undesirable temperature peaks within the roll shell exceeding such a temperature are undesirable.
  • fiber material when one speaks of "fiber material” in this context, it means the entire material for the roll cover, which is generally made available in the form of a paper.
  • fibrous material means the actual fibrous substances in the fiber material which, together with possibly other additives, form the fiber material as a material for the roll cover.
  • the elastic smoothing roller has a cover made of compressed fiber material, which contains carbon fibers in a proportion of 1.5-15% by weight, preferably of about 3-12% by weight, based on the total fiber material in fiber material.
  • the fiber lengths of the carbon fibers should expediently be of the order of magnitude of the prevailing fiber lengths of the other fiber materials in order to be able to produce a suspension which is as homogeneous as possible.
  • the fiber thickness should also be of the same order of magnitude as the rest of the fibrous material, so that a mutual felting of the fibers can occur during paper production.
  • carbon fibers with a length of 3 mm and a diameter of 5 to 10 11 m could be processed successfully with cotton sinters which have a length of 2 to 3 mm and a diameter of 17 to 27 ⁇ m.
  • the thermal conductivity of the fiber material can also be improved by adding an electrically conductive carbon black to the fiber material. Additions of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total fiber material, are possible. However, the effect of the addition of carbon black based on an equal weight fraction is significantly less compared to the carbon fibers.
  • the use of carbon black in papermaking also has the disadvantage that this non-fibrous material is less retained on the paper machine wire and therefore the Water cycle burdened. In contrast, the carbon fiber contributes to the strength and elasticity of the paper. A possible addition of carbon black with appropriate adjustment of the carbon fiber content is to be determined for the individual case from a technological and cost point of view.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the fibrous material for the production of covers for elastic smoothing rolls, in particular calender rolls, as well as elastic smoothing rolls, which are provided with a cover made of a compressed fiber material which contains a proportion of carbon fibers, preferably in the same way as before for the Contains quantities described on paper.
  • the reference of the rollers according to the invention does not necessarily have to be derived from a paper. The addition of soot is also possible here.
  • preferred papers for use according to the invention consist of a fiber material consisting essentially of exclusively cotton fibers or of cotton sinter and wool in weight ratios of 7 to 3 to 9 to 1.
  • the fiber material can also contain up to 50% asbestos fibers contain.
  • the alternating loading of the test cube is carried out until the area under the plunger burns, a so-called "burn-out" occurs.
  • the ram's test conditions are at a load of 490 N (50 kp) and a frequency of 50 Hz, corresponding to an alternating pressure of 5.0 bar.
  • a service life of a sample cube made of conventional material of 20 minutes is rated as good, that of only 10 minutes as poor.
  • the temperature difference between sensors 1 and 2 is around 90 ° C in conventional calender roll papers towards the end of the test. Since the temperature difference between the two sensors is a measure of the heat dissipation of the sample, the poor heat dissipation of cellulose-based calender roll papers already results from this value which leads to the temperature build-up mentioned and finally to the burn-out below the sample surface.
  • a test cube was again produced under the same conditions as described in Example 1, but the load on the plunger was doubled. With conventional calender roll papers, a burn-out occurs within a few minutes under this load. In the test paper according to the invention, no burnout occurred even under these more severe conditions. Only after an additional increase also the frequency of use could after a standing time a burn-out of 55 minutes can be achieved.
  • the temperatures measured on the sensors were 216 ° C (sensor 1) and 152 ° C (sensor 2).
  • a calender roll paper made of 90% by weight of cotton sinter and 10% by weight of carbon fibers of the type mentioned in Example 1 was used on a commercial paper machine at a machine speed of about 80 to 90 m / min with a basis weight of about 160 to 170 g / m 2 produced.
  • This paper was used to cover a calender roll that was used in a calender for the satinizing of glassine paper, which works under extremely high satin loads and in which therefore normally only elastic calender rolls are used, whose roll covers have a high proportion of asbestos fibers.
  • Previous tests with elastic roller covers made of cotton resulted in service lives for the rollers of less than 2 hours.
  • the roller with the cover according to the invention could be run over a production time of 526 hours. A matt surface then appeared and when the cover was subsequently split off, it was found that the roller was completely burned. Contrary to this phenomenon, most conventional rollers have to be replaced due to local burns. Use until the material is completely burned is never achieved. This indicates that the surface damage that can never be avoided during operation of a calender, which leads to local heating and local burnout, is hardly of any influence in the roller according to the invention, because the local temperature increases are apparently better derived there and distributed over the entire roller.
  • the exemplary embodiments prove that the fiber material can be used to produce covers for elastic calender rolls according to the invention, which are considerably superior to the previously known roll covers in terms of their stability, the addition of the carbon fibers also having a technologically favorable effect on the roll work. These very favorable results have enabled machine manufacturers to consider changes and new applications in calender technology for some time that could not be realized due to the risk of burnout of conventional calender roll covers.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fibrous material for coating supercalender rolls to improve the resistance to scorching, the fibrous material containing conventional fibers in combination with carbon fibers. An improved heat dissipation inside the roll is achieved without loss of physical properties of the roll coatings. A small percentage of lampblack can also be added to the fibrous material. The invention also relates to an improved elastic supercalender roll which is coated with such a fibrous material.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elastische Glättwerkswalze mit einem Bezug aus verdichtetem Fasermaterial, insbesondere für die Papiersatinage.The invention relates to an elastic smoothing roller with a cover made of compressed fiber material, in particular for paper satin.

Beispielsweise für die Satinage, d.h. das Glätten von hochwertigen Druckpapieren, aber auch anderen Spezialpapieren wie beispielsweise Pergamin, werden sog. Superkalander verwendet, die aus einem Satz aufeinanderfolgender, jeweils einen Preßspalt miteinander bildender Walzen bestehen, die im wesentlichen abwechselnd aus harten Stahlwalzen und aus Walzen mit einem stärker elastischen Mantel bestehen, der sich unter dem Druck im Preßspalt verformt. Durch die dabei entstehende Geschwindigkeitsdifferenz und durch die durch die Walkarbeit der elastischen Walzen erzeugte Temperatur und die zusätzliche Beheizung der Walzen wird das nacheinander durch die einzelnen Preßspalte hin- und hergeführte Papier geglättet.For example, for the satin, i.e. The smoothing of high-quality printing papers, but also other special papers such as glassine, so-called super calenders are used, which consist of a set of successive rolls, each forming a press nip, which essentially alternate between hard steel rolls and rolls with a more elastic jacket that deforms under pressure in the press nip. Due to the resulting speed difference and the temperature generated by the flexing of the elastic rollers and the additional heating of the rollers, the paper which is moved back and forth in succession through the individual press nips is smoothed.

Als Material für den Mantel bzw. Bezug der elastischen Walzen von Superkalandern hat sich ein spezielles Fasermaterial durchgesetzt, welches unter hohen Drucken von etwa 500 bis 600 bar auf die Walzenkerne gepreßt und anschließend zylindrisch abgedreht und poliert wird.A special fiber material, which is pressed onto the roll cores under high pressures of approximately 500 to 600 bar and then cylindrically twisted and polished, has established itself as the material for the jacket or cover of the elastic rolls of supercalenders.

Als Fasermaterial werden vornehmlich Zellulosefasern, und zwar Baumwollinters verwendet. Diesen Zellulosefasern können aber auch andere Fasermaterialien beigemischt sein. So besteht beispielsweise der europäische Standardbezug für elastische Kalanderwalzen aus 80 % Baumwolle und 20 % Wolle. Für Spezialzwecke werden auch Walzenbezüge mit bis zu 50 % Asbestfasern verwendet.Cellulose fibers, namely cotton sinters, are primarily used as the fiber material. However, other fiber materials can also be added to these cellulose fibers. For example, the European standard cover for elastic calender rolls consists of 80% cotton and 20% wool. Roller covers with up to 50% asbestos fibers are also used for special purposes.

Das für das Beziehen elastischer Glättwerkswalzen bzw. Kalanderwalzen verwendete Fasermaterial, das für den überwiegenden Teil der Einsatzgebiete im wesentlichen aus Baumwollfasern mit eventuell einem Anteil von Wolle besteht, wird in Form von Papier aus diesem Material eingesetzt, welches nach herkömmlichen Papierherstellungsverfahren auf Langsiebpapiermaschinen hergestellt wird. Aus dem Papier werden achteckige oder runde Scheiben mit einer Mittelöffnung für den Walzenkern geschnitten, die dann auf den Walzenkern gestapelt und mit den erwähnten Drucken bis 600 bar in axialer Richtung zusammengepreßt werden. Die so vorbereiteten Walzen werden dann auf ein genaues Maß abgedreht und poliert.The fiber material used for covering elastic smoothing rolls or calender rolls, which for the most part consists mainly of cotton fibers with possibly a percentage of wool, is used in the form of paper made from this material, which is produced by conventional paper production processes on Fourdrinier paper machines. Octagonal or round disks with a central opening for the roller core are cut from the paper, which are then stacked on the roller core and pressed together with the pressures mentioned up to 600 bar in the axial direction. The rolls prepared in this way are then turned to an exact dimension and polished.

Es ist aber nicht unbedingt erforderlich, das Fasermaterial für den Walzenbezug in Form eines Papieres zur Verfügung zu stellen. Es sind auch Herstellungsverfahren bekannt, bei denen das Fasermaterial, beispielsweise kardierte Baumwollfaser auf andere Art und Weise auf den Walzenkern aufgepreßt wird. Heutzutage werden aber fast ausschließlich Kalanderwalzenpapiere für den Neubezug der elastischen Glättwerkswalzen verwendet.However, it is not absolutely necessary to provide the fiber material for the roll cover in the form of a paper. Manufacturing processes are also known in which the fiber material, for example carded cotton fiber, is pressed onto the roller core in a different manner. Nowadays, however, calender roll papers are used almost exclusively for re-covering the elastic smoothing rolls.

Zwar weisen die für den Bezug elastischer Glättwalzen verwendeten Zellulosefasern, im wesentlichen Baumwollinters, für das Glätten der zu bearbeitenden Papiere erstklassige technologische Eigenschaften auf, was zu ihrem allgemeinen Einsatz geführt hat, jedoch verursachen sie für den Betrieb der Kalander eine Reihe von möglichen und im allgemeinen kostenerzeugenden Schwierigkeiten. Bei der im Umfangsbereich der Walzen unter den verwendeten Liniendrucken von bis zu 300 daN/cm auftretenden Walkarbeit werden erhebliche Temperaturen erzeugt. Bei der verhältnismäßig schlechten Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Zellulosematerials der Baumwollfasern entsteht in den Walzenmänteln ein Wärmestau durch nicht abgeleitete Wärmeenergie, der in einem Bereich von etwa 10 mm unterhalb der Walzenoberfläche zu den höchsten Temperaturen führt. Insbesondere treten Temperaturspitzen im Bereich von Oberflächenbeschädigungen der Walzen auf, die bei Abrissen der satinierten Papierbahn oder bei Durchgang von Fremdkörpern durch die Walzenspalte leicht entstehen können. Insbesondere an solchen Stellen treten derartige Temperatursteigerungen auf, daß das Fasermaterial des Walzenbezuges unterhalb der Oberfläche hier regelrecht verbrennt. Dadurch verliert der Walzenbezug in diesen Bereichen seine spezifischen Eigenschaften und wird im allgemeinen für den weiteren Einsatz unbrauchbar, was erhebliche Kosten für einen Neubezug zur Folge hat.Although the cellulose fibers used to cover the elastic smoothing rollers, essentially cotton sintered, have first-class technological properties for smoothing the papers to be processed, which has led to their general use, they cause a number of possible and in general for the operation of the calenders cost-generating difficulties. Considerable temperatures are generated in the flexing work occurring in the circumferential area of the rolls under the line pressures of up to 300 daN / cm. Given the relatively poor thermal conductivity of the cellulose material of the cotton fibers, a build-up of heat occurs in the roll shells due to non-dissipated heat energy, which leads to the highest temperatures in a range of approximately 10 mm below the roll surface. In particular, temperature peaks occur in the area of surface damage to the rollers, which can easily occur when the satinized paper web is torn off or when foreign bodies pass through the nips. Such increases in temperature occur in particular at such points that the fiber material of the roller cover literally burns below the surface here. As a result, the roll cover loses its specific properties in these areas and is generally unusable for further use, which results in considerable costs for a new cover.

Man hat durch verschiedenste konstruktive Maßnahmen in den Kalandern versucht, dafür Sorge zu tragen, daß Temperaturspitzen, die zu Walzenverbrennungen führen, beispielsweise durch interne Walzenkühlungen vermieden werden. Bei der schlechten Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Zellulosematerials haben solche Maßnahmen aber nur beschränkte Wirkung. Die auftretenden Schwierigkeiten sowie Maßnahmen, mit denen versucht wird, diese zu beseitigen, sind beispielsweise von E. Münch und W. Schmitz im "Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation" 1980, Heft 11/12 beschrieben. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird von den fachkundigen Autoren bestätigt, daß die technologischen Möglichkeiten eines Superkalanders bisher nicht ausgenutzt werden konnten, weil die erwähnte Gefahr des Verbrennens der elastischen Walzen bisher nicht beherrscht wurde. Bei Kalandern für Spezialpapiere, die, wie Pergamin, eine sehr starke Satinage erfordern, werden Kalanderwalzenbezüge mit bis zu 50 % Asbestfasern verwendet, weil diese Fasern den auftretenden hohen Temperaturen besser widerstehen. Derartige Walzenbezüge sind aber in ihren übrigen technologischen Eigenschaften nicht so günstig. Es sind daher weitere Versuche unternommen worden, hitzebeständiges Fasermaterial für Kalanderwalzenbezüge zu finden, welches in seinen technologischen Eigenschaften den Baumwollbezügen gleichkommt. Bisher sind diese Bemühungen aber nicht von Erfolg gewesen.Various constructional measures in the calenders have been used to ensure that temperature peaks which lead to roller burns are avoided, for example by internal roller cooling. Given the poor thermal conductivity of the cellulose material, such measures have only a limited effect. The difficulties encountered as well as measures to try to eliminate them are described, for example, by E. Münch and W. Schmitz in the "Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation" 1980, Issue 11/12. In this publication, the expert authors confirm that the technological possibilities of a supercalender have not yet been exploited because the aforementioned risk of burning the elastic rollers has not yet been mastered. For calenders for special papers, which, like glassine, require a very strong satin finish, calender roll covers with up to 50% asbestos fibers are used because these fibers are better able to withstand the high temperatures that occur. Such roller covers are not so favorable in their other technological properties. Therefore, further attempts have been made to find heat-resistant fiber material for calender roll covers, which in its technological Properties equal to the cotton covers. So far, however, these efforts have not been successful.

Es ist zwar in anderem Zusammenhang bereits bekannt geworden, in Walzenkonstruktionen, die auch in der Papierindustrie Verwendung finden, Kohlenstoffasern einzusetzen.In other contexts it has already become known to use carbon fibers in roller constructions which are also used in the paper industry.

So ist aus der US-A-3 698 053 eine Preßwalzenhülse zur Verwendung im Naßpressenbereich einer Papiermaschine bekannt, die aus einem synthetischen Polymermaterial als Grundmatrix besteht, welche zur Festigkeitsverstärkung im wesentlichen parallel ausgerichtete Kohlenstoffasern enthält. Hierbei handelt es sich um die geläufige Herstellung eines kohlenstoffaserverstärkten mechanischen Bauteiles, wie in ähnlicher Weise auch glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffbauteile bekannt sind. Die so hergestellte Walze ist als Kalanderwalze für die Hochsatinage von Papier nicht geeignet.From US-A-3 698 053 a press roll sleeve for use in the wet press area of a paper machine is known which consists of a synthetic polymer material as a basic matrix which contains carbon fibers oriented essentially in parallel for strengthening. This is the usual production of a carbon fiber reinforced mechanical component, as is also known in a similar way glass fiber reinforced plastic components. The roller produced in this way is not suitable as a calender roller for the high saturation of paper.

Die US-A-3 395 636 beschreibt eine Walze, bei der es sich ebenfalls nicht um eine Satinagewalze handelt, deren Walzenkörper bis auf einen tragenden Kern im wesentlichen aus einem Faser- bzw. Papiermaterial besteht, sondern um eine Walze mit einem relativ dünnen Belag aus Elastomermaterial, der sich auf einem Stahlkörper befindet.US-A-3 395 636 describes a roller, which is also not a satin roller, the roller body of which, apart from a supporting core, consists essentially of a fiber or paper material, but rather a roller with a relatively thin coating Made of elastomer material, which is located on a steel body.

Dieses Elastomermaterial soll von 20-80 % Ruß enthalten, wie dies auch bei der Herstellung von Fahrzeugreifen üblich ist. Die speziellen Probleme papiergefüllter Satinierwalzen sind in dieser Druckschrift nicht angesprochen, auch sind die dort beschriebenen Walzen für die hier betroffene Anwendung nicht geeignet.This elastomer material is said to contain 20-80% soot, as is also common in the manufacture of vehicle tires. The specific problems of paper-filled satinizing rollers are not addressed in this document, nor are the rollers described there suitable for the application concerned here.

In anderem Zusammenhang ist es auch bereits bekanntgeworden, Kohlenstoffasern in papierähnliche Materialien einzuarbeiten. So beschreibt die US-A-3 265 557 ein elektrisch leitfähiges, kohlenstoffaserhaltiges Fasermaterial zur Verwendung als Radarwellen dämpfende Schutzbeläge.In another context, it has also become known to incorporate carbon fibers into paper-like materials. For example, US-A-3,265,557 describes an electrically conductive, carbon fiber-containing fiber material for use as protective coatings that dampen radar waves.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, faserstoffgefüllte Glättwalzen für Satinierkalander derart zu verbessern, daß örtliche Verbrennungen unterhalb der Walzenoberfläche vermieden werden, ohne die vorteilhaften technologischen Eigenschaften faserstoffgefüllter Walzen zu beeinträchtigen. Es sei erwähnt, daß eine verhältnismäßig hohe Oberflächentemperatur der Walzen für einen guten Satinageeffekt erwünscht ist. Unerwünscht dagegen sind über eine solche Temperatur hinausgehende Temperaturspitzen innerhalb des Walzenmantels.The object of the invention is to improve fiber-filled smoothing rollers for calendering calenders in such a way that local burns below the roller surface are avoided without impairing the advantageous technological properties of fiber-filled rollers. It should be mentioned that a relatively high surface temperature of the rolls is desirable for a good satin effect. On the other hand, undesirable temperature peaks within the roll shell exceeding such a temperature are undesirable.

Erstaunlicherweise hat sich herausgestellt, daß durch einen gewissen Zusatz von Kohlenstoffasern zu den Faserstoffen des Materials für den Walzenbezug der Temperaturstau unterhalb der Walzenoberfläche fast vollständig beseitigt und gleichzeitig die technologischen Eigenschaften, insbebesondere die Elastizität des Fasermaterials sogar noch verbessert werden können.Surprisingly, it has been found that a certain addition of carbon fibers to the fiber materials of the material for the roll cover almost completely eliminates the temperature build-up below the roll surface, and at the same time the technological properties, in particular the elasticity of the fiber material, can even be improved.

Wenn in diesem Zusammenhang von "Fasermaterial" gesprochen wird, so ist damit das gesamte Material für den Walzenbezug gemeint, welches im allgemeinen in Form eines Papieres zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Mit "Faserstoff" sind dagegen die eigentlichen faserigen Substanzen im Fasermaterial gemeint, die zusammen mit eventuell noch anderen Zusatzstoffen das Fasermaterial als Werkstoff für den Walzenbezug bilden.When one speaks of "fiber material" in this context, it means the entire material for the roll cover, which is generally made available in the form of a paper. By contrast, "fibrous material" means the actual fibrous substances in the fiber material which, together with possibly other additives, form the fiber material as a material for the roll cover.

Gemäß der Erfindung besitzt die elastische Glättwerkswalze einen Bezug aus verdichtetem Fasermaterial, welches Kohlenstoffasern in einem Anteil von 1,5-15 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von etwa 3-12 Gew.-%, bezogen auf den Gesamtfaserstoff in Fasermaterial, enthält.According to the invention, the elastic smoothing roller has a cover made of compressed fiber material, which contains carbon fibers in a proportion of 1.5-15% by weight, preferably of about 3-12% by weight, based on the total fiber material in fiber material.

Bei einem Anteil von 2 Gew.-% ist je nach übrigen Bedingungen und Zusätzen mit einem merkbaren Effekt zu rechnen. Zugabemengen über 10 Gew.-% sind zwar möglich, führen aber nicht mehr zu einer wesentlichen Verbesserung des Effektes, so wie er unter Betriebsbedingungen zur Beseitigung des Temperaturstaues unter der Walzenoberfläche erforderlich ist. Da Kohlenstoffaser relativ teuer ist, würden höhere Zugabemengen sich zumindest als kostennachteilig erweisen. Bei der Auswahl der Kohlenstoffaser ist darauf zu achten, daß sie mit den übrigen Faserstoffen eine ausreichende Mischung in der Stoffsuspension eingeht. Kohlenstoffasern, die in wässriger Suspension flotieren oder im wesentlichen hydrophob sind, sind weniger geeignet, insofern das Fasermaterial vorher in einem normalen Papierherstellungsprozeß in Form eines Papieres hergestellt wird. Hierfür hat sich beispielsweise eine Carbonfaser auf Polyacrylnitrilbasis als verarbeitbar erwiesen. Die Faserlängen der Kohlenstoffasern sollten zweckmäßigerweise in der Größenordnung der vorherrschenden Faserlängen der übrigen Faserstoffe liegen, um eine möglichst homogene Suspension erzeugen zu können. Auch die Faserdicke sollte größenordnungsmäßig dem übrigen Faserstoff angepaßt sein, damit eine gegenseitige Verfilzung der Fasern bei der Papierherstellung auftreten kann. Kohlenstoffasern mit einer Länge von 3 mm und einem Durchmesser von 5 bis 10 11m konnten beispielsweise mit Erfolg zusammen mit Baumwollinters verarbeitet werden, die eine Länge von 2 bis 3 mm und einen Durchmesser von 17 bis 27 um haben.With a proportion of 2% by weight, a noticeable effect can be expected depending on the other conditions and additives. Additions of more than 10% by weight are possible, but no longer lead to a significant improvement in the effect, as is necessary under operating conditions to remove the temperature build-up under the roller surface. Since carbon fiber is relatively expensive, higher additions would prove to be at least disadvantageous in terms of costs. When selecting the carbon fiber, care must be taken to ensure that it mixes sufficiently with the other fiber materials in the material suspension. Carbon fibers which float in aqueous suspension or which are essentially hydrophobic are less suitable in so far as the fiber material is previously produced in the form of a paper in a normal paper production process. For example, a carbon fiber based on polyacrylonitrile has proven to be processable for this. The fiber lengths of the carbon fibers should expediently be of the order of magnitude of the prevailing fiber lengths of the other fiber materials in order to be able to produce a suspension which is as homogeneous as possible. The fiber thickness should also be of the same order of magnitude as the rest of the fibrous material, so that a mutual felting of the fibers can occur during paper production. For example, carbon fibers with a length of 3 mm and a diameter of 5 to 10 11 m could be processed successfully with cotton sinters which have a length of 2 to 3 mm and a diameter of 17 to 27 µm.

Die Wärmeleiteigenschaften des Fasermaterials können auch durch die Zugabe eines elektrisch leitenden Rußes zum Faserstoff noch verbessert werden. Zugaben von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf den gesamten Faserstoff sind möglich. Jedoch ist der Effekt der Rußzugabe bezogen auf einen gleichen Gewichtsanteil im Vergleich zu den Kohlenstoffasern wesentlich geringer. Die Verwendung von Ruß bei der Papierherstellung hat ferner den Nachteil, daß dieses nicht faserige Material auf dem Papiermaschinensieb schlechter zurückgehalten wird und daher den Wasserkreislauf belastet. Dagegen trägt die Kohlenstoffaser zur Festigkeit und Elastizität des Papieres bei. Eine eventuelle Zugabe von Ruß unter entsprechender Anpassung des Kohlenstoffaseranteiles ist für den Einzelfall unter technologischen und Kostengesichtspunkten zu ermitteln.The thermal conductivity of the fiber material can also be improved by adding an electrically conductive carbon black to the fiber material. Additions of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total fiber material, are possible. However, the effect of the addition of carbon black based on an equal weight fraction is significantly less compared to the carbon fibers. The use of carbon black in papermaking also has the disadvantage that this non-fibrous material is less retained on the paper machine wire and therefore the Water cycle burdened. In contrast, the carbon fiber contributes to the strength and elasticity of the paper. A possible addition of carbon black with appropriate adjustment of the carbon fiber content is to be determined for the individual case from a technological and cost point of view.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch die Verwendung des Faserstoffes für die Herstellung von Bezügen für elastische Glättwalzen, insbesondere von Kalanderwalzen, wie auch elastische Glättwerkswalzen, die mit einem Bezug aus einem verdichteten Fasermaterial versehen sind, welcher einen Anteil an Kohlenstoffasern, bevorzugt in den wie zuvor für das Papier beschriebenen Mengen enthält. Der Bezug der erfindungsgemäßen Walzen braucht nicht notwendigerweise aus einem Papier hervorgegangen zu sein. Ein Zusatz von Ruß ist auch hierbei möglich.The invention also relates to the use of the fibrous material for the production of covers for elastic smoothing rolls, in particular calender rolls, as well as elastic smoothing rolls, which are provided with a cover made of a compressed fiber material which contains a proportion of carbon fibers, preferably in the same way as before for the Contains quantities described on paper. The reference of the rollers according to the invention does not necessarily have to be derived from a paper. The addition of soot is also possible here.

Bevorzugte Papiere für eine Verwendung gemäß der Erfindung bestehen neben dem Anteil an Kohlenstoffasern aus einem Faserstoff aus im wesentlichen ausschließlich Baumwollfasern oder aus Baumwollinters und Wolle in Gewichtsverhältnissen von 7 zu 3 bis 9 zu 1. Der Faserstoff kann auch einen Anteil von bis zu 50 % Asbestfasern enthalten.In addition to the proportion of carbon fibers, preferred papers for use according to the invention consist of a fiber material consisting essentially of exclusively cotton fibers or of cotton sinter and wool in weight ratios of 7 to 3 to 9 to 1. The fiber material can also contain up to 50% asbestos fibers contain.

Die im folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele sollen die Erfindung noch näher erläutern, ohne jedoch eine Beschränkung in dem Schutzumfang der Erfindung darzustellen:The exemplary embodiments described below are intended to explain the invention in more detail without, however, representing a limitation in the scope of the invention:

Beispiel 1example 1

Auf einem Laborblattbildner vom Typ "Rapid-Köthen" (siehe Zellcheming-Merkblatt V/8/57: Einheitsmethode für die Festigkeitsprüfung von Zellstoffen, Blattherstellung mit Hilfe des Rapid-Köthen-Gerätes) wurden Laborblätter mit einem Flächengewicht von ca. 150 g/m2 aus einem Faserstoff aus 90 % Baumwollinters und 10 % Kohlenstoffaser hergestellt. Als Kohlenstoffaser wurde eine Carbonfaser auf Polyacrylnitrilbasis mit der Typenbezeichnung Sigrafil SFC 3 der SIGRI Elektrographit GmbH in Meitingen verwendet. Diese Faser hat eine Faserlänge von 3 mm und Faserdurchmesser zwischen 5 und 10 11m. Der Durchmesser der Kohlenstoffaser betrug damit etwa die Hälfte des Durchmessers der verwendeten Baumwollinters, der üblicherweise zwischen 17 und 27 µm liegt. Die Faserlänge von Second-Cut-Baumwollinters liegt etwa zwischen 2 und 3 mm. Die Länge der Kohlenstoffasern entsprach daher im wesentlichen der Länge der verwendeten Zellulosefasern.Laboratory sheets with a basis weight of approx. 150 g / m were placed on a laboratory sheet former of the "Rapid-Köthen" type (see Zellcheming leaflet V / 8/57: standard method for the strength test of cellulose, sheet production with the aid of the Rapid-Köthen device) 2 made from a fibrous material made of 90% cotton and 10% carbon fiber. A carbon fiber based on polyacrylonitrile with the type designation Sigrafil SFC 3 from SIGRI Elektrographit GmbH in Meitingen was used as the carbon fiber. This fiber has a fiber length of 3 mm and fiber diameter between 5 and 10 11 m. The diameter of the carbon fiber was therefore about half the diameter of the cotton sinter used, which is usually between 17 and 27 microns. The fiber length of second-cut cotton sinters is approximately between 2 and 3 mm. The length of the carbon fibers therefore essentially corresponded to the length of the cellulose fibers used.

Diese Papiere wurden in einem Labor-Prüfverfahren auf ihre Eignung getestet, welches im wesentlichen die Belastung elastischer Kalanderwalzen simuliert. Dieses Prüfverfahren ist in der bereits eingangs erwähnten Veröffentlichung von E. Münch und E. Schmitz aus dem Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation, 1980, Nr. 11/12 erwähnt. Bei diesem Prüfverfahren wird aus übereinandergelegten Blättern des Versuchspapieres ein Würfel von 40 mm Kantenlänge unter einem Druck gepreßt, wie er auch bei der Herstellung der Kalanderwalzenbezüge angewendet wird. Auf diesen Probewürfel wird dann ein Stößel aufgesetzt, der mittels eines Preßlufthammers unter Wechselbelastung gesetzt wird. Unterhalb der Belastungsstelle werden Temperaturmeßfühler in den Probewürfel eingelassen, und zwar ein erster Temperaturmeßfühler 10 mm unterhalb der Oberfläche und ein zweiter Temperaturmeßfühler 20 mm unterhalb der Oberfläche. Die Wechselbelastung des Probewürfels wird solange durchgeführt, bis der Bereich unter dem Stößel verbrennt, ein sog. "burn-out" auftritt. Für herkömmliche Kalanderwalzenpapiere aus etwa 80 % Baumwollfaser und 20 % Wollfaser liegen die Prüfbedingungen für den Stößel bei einer Last von 490 N (50 kp) und einer Frequenz von 50 Hz, entsprechend einem Wechseldruck von 5,0 bar.These papers were tested for their suitability in a laboratory test procedure, which essentially simulates the load on elastic calender rolls. This test method is mentioned in the publication by E. Münch and E. Schmitz from the Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation, 1980, No. 11/12, mentioned at the beginning. In this test method, a cube with an edge length of 40 mm is pressed from a stack of sheets of test paper, as is also used in the manufacture of the calender roll covers. A plunger is then placed on this test cube, which is placed under an alternating load by means of a jackhammer. Below the load point, temperature sensors are embedded in the test cube, specifically a first temperature sensor 10 mm below the surface and a second temperature sensor 20 mm below the surface. The alternating loading of the test cube is carried out until the area under the plunger burns, a so-called "burn-out" occurs. For conventional calender roll papers made of approximately 80% cotton fiber and 20% wool fiber, the ram's test conditions are at a load of 490 N (50 kp) and a frequency of 50 Hz, corresponding to an alternating pressure of 5.0 bar.

Eine Standzeit eines Probewürfels aus herkömmlichem Material von 20 Minuten wird hierbei als gut, eine solche von nur 10 Minuten als schlecht bewertet. Die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen den Meßfühlern 1 und 2 liegt bei herkömmlichen Kalanderwalzenpapieren gegen Ende des Versuches bei etwa 90° C. Da das Temperaturgefälle zwischen den beiden Meßfühlern ein Maß für die Wärmeableitfähigkeit der Probe ist, geht aus diesem Wert bereits die schlechte Wärmeableitung von Kalanderwalzenpapieren auf Zellulosebasis hervor, die zu dem erwähnten Temperaturstau und schließlich zu dem burn-out unterhalb der Probenoberfläche führt.A service life of a sample cube made of conventional material of 20 minutes is rated as good, that of only 10 minutes as poor. The temperature difference between sensors 1 and 2 is around 90 ° C in conventional calender roll papers towards the end of the test. Since the temperature difference between the two sensors is a measure of the heat dissipation of the sample, the poor heat dissipation of cellulose-based calender roll papers already results from this value which leads to the temperature build-up mentioned and finally to the burn-out below the sample surface.

Mit dem Versuchspapier gemäß der Erfindung trat auch nach 40 Minuten Versuchsdauer noch kein burn-out ein. Die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen den Meßfühlern 1 und 2 stellte sich nach einiger Zeit auf 30° C ein und änderte sich nicht mehr, woraus geschlossen werden konnte, daß sich ein Gleichgewichtszustand in der Wärmeableitung eingestellt hatte, so daß mit einem Ausbrennen der Probe unter dem Stößel überhaupt nicht mehr zu rechnen war.With the test paper according to the invention, no burn-out occurred even after a test duration of 40 minutes. After a while, the temperature difference between sensors 1 and 2 set at 30 ° C and did not change anymore, from which it could be concluded that a state of equilibrium had been established in the heat dissipation, so that the sample burned out under the plunger at all was no longer to be expected.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Unter den gleichen Bedingungen wie bei Beispiel 1 beschrieben, wurde wiederum ein Probewürfel hergestellt, es wurde jedoch die Belastung durch den Stößel verdoppelt. Bei herkömmlichen Kalanderwalzenpapieren tritt unter dieser Belastung ein burn-out innerhalb von wenigen Minuten auf. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Versuchspapier trat auch unter diesen verschärften Bedingungen noch kein Ausbrennen auf. Erst nach zusätzlicher Erhöhung auch der Belastungsfrequenz konnte nach einer Standzeit von 55 Minuten ein burn-out erreicht werden. Die an den Meßfühlern gemessenen Temperaturen betrugen 216° C (Meßfühler 1) und 152° C (Meßfühler 2).A test cube was again produced under the same conditions as described in Example 1, but the load on the plunger was doubled. With conventional calender roll papers, a burn-out occurs within a few minutes under this load. In the test paper according to the invention, no burnout occurred even under these more severe conditions. Only after an additional increase also the frequency of use could after a standing time a burn-out of 55 minutes can be achieved. The temperatures measured on the sensors were 216 ° C (sensor 1) and 152 ° C (sensor 2).

Beispiel 3Example 3

Aufgrund dieser außergewöhnlich günstigen Versuchsergebnisse wurde auf einer kommerziellen Papiermaschine ein Kalanderwalzenpapier aus 90 Gew.-% Baumwollinters und 10 Gew.-% Kohlenstoffasern der unter Beispiel 1 genannten Art bei einer Maschinengeschwindigkeit von etwa 80 bis 90 m/min mit einem Flächengewicht von etwa 160 bis 170 g/m2 hergestellt. Mit diesem Papier wurde eine Kalanderwalze bezogen, die in einen Kalander für die Satinage von Pergaminpapieren eingesetzt wurde, der unter außerordentlich hohen Satinagebelastungen arbeitet und in dem deshalb normalerweise ausschließlich nur elastische Kalanderwalzen verwendet werden, deren Walzenbezüge einen hohen Anteil an Asbestfasern haben. Frühere Versuche mit elastischen Walzenbezügen aus Baumwolle ergaben Standzeiten für die Walzen von weniger als 2 Stunden. Die Walze mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Bezug konnte über eine Produktionszeit von 526 Stunden gefahren werden. Es stellte sich dann eine matte Oberfläche ein und beim anschließnden Abspalten des Bezuges wurde festgestellt, daß die Walze vollständig verbrannt war. Im Gegensatz zu dieser Erscheinung müssen die meisten herkömmlichen Walzen wegen örtlicher Verbrennungen gewechselt werden. Ein Einsatz bis zum vollständigen Verbrennen des Materials wird dabei nie erreicht. Dies deutet darauf hin, daß die beim Betrieb eines Kalanders nie zu vermeidenden Oberflächenbeschädigungen, die zu örtlichen Erwärmungen und einem örtlichen Ausbrennen führen, bei der erfindungsgemäßen Walze kaum von Einfluß sind, weil dort offenbar die örtlichen Temperaturerhöhungen besser abgeleitet und auf die Gesamtwalze verteilt werden.On the basis of these extraordinarily favorable test results, a calender roll paper made of 90% by weight of cotton sinter and 10% by weight of carbon fibers of the type mentioned in Example 1 was used on a commercial paper machine at a machine speed of about 80 to 90 m / min with a basis weight of about 160 to 170 g / m 2 produced. This paper was used to cover a calender roll that was used in a calender for the satinizing of glassine paper, which works under extremely high satin loads and in which therefore normally only elastic calender rolls are used, whose roll covers have a high proportion of asbestos fibers. Previous tests with elastic roller covers made of cotton resulted in service lives for the rollers of less than 2 hours. The roller with the cover according to the invention could be run over a production time of 526 hours. A matt surface then appeared and when the cover was subsequently split off, it was found that the roller was completely burned. Contrary to this phenomenon, most conventional rollers have to be replaced due to local burns. Use until the material is completely burned is never achieved. This indicates that the surface damage that can never be avoided during operation of a calender, which leads to local heating and local burnout, is hardly of any influence in the roller according to the invention, because the local temperature increases are apparently better derived there and distributed over the entire roller.

Die Ausführungsbeispiele beweisen, daß mit dem Fasermaterial Bezüge für erfindungsgemäße elastische Kalanderwalzen erzeugt werden können, die den bisher bekannten Walzenbezügen in bezug auf ihre Standfestigkeit um ein Erhebliches überlegen sind, wobei sich der Zusatz der Kohlenstoffasern auch technologisch günstig auf die Walzenarbeit auswirkt. Diese durchaus günstigen Ergebnisse ermöglichen weiterhin von den Maschinenherstellern bereits seit einiger Zeit ins Auge gefaßte Änderungen und neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Kalandertechnologie, die wegen der Ausbrenngefahr der herkömmlichen Kalanderwalzenbezüge nicht verwirklicht werden konnten.The exemplary embodiments prove that the fiber material can be used to produce covers for elastic calender rolls according to the invention, which are considerably superior to the previously known roll covers in terms of their stability, the addition of the carbon fibers also having a technologically favorable effect on the roll work. These very favorable results have enabled machine manufacturers to consider changes and new applications in calender technology for some time that could not be realized due to the risk of burnout of conventional calender roll covers.

Claims (10)

1. An elastic calender roll for the supercalendering of paper webs which roll has a dressing made of compressed fibrous material, characterized in that the fibrous material contains carbon fibres in an amount of 1.5 to 15 % by weight based on total fibres in the fibrous material.
2. Calender roll according to claim 1, further characterized in that the amount of carbon fibres in the fibrous material is 3 to 12 % by weight based on total fibres in the fibrous material.
3. Calender roll according to claim 1 or claim 2, further characterized in that the fibrous material comprises 0.5 to 10 % by weight based on total fibres in the fibrous material of an electrically conducting carbon block.
4. Calender roll according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further characterized in that the fibres substantially comprise cotton fibres, particularly cotton linters.
5. Calender roll according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further characterized in that the fibres comprise cotton linters and wool fibres in a ratio of 7 to 3 up to 9 to 1.
6. Calender roll according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further characterized in that the fibres comprise an amount of up to 50 % by weight of asbestos fibres.
7. Use of a fibrous material comprising from 1.5 to 15 % by weight of carbon fibres, based on total fibres in the fibrous material, for the manufacture of dressings for elastic calender rolls.
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that the fibrous material is provided in the form of paper.
9. Use according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the fibres substantially comprise cotton fibres, particularly cotton linters.
10. Use according to claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that the fibres comprise cotton linters and wool fibres and/or asbestos fibres.
EP84100947A 1983-02-04 1984-01-31 Lining of fibrous material for glazing rolls Expired EP0131083B1 (en)

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AT84100947T ATE30609T1 (en) 1983-02-04 1984-01-31 COVER MADE OF FIBER MATERIAL FOR SMOOTHING ROLLERS.

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DE3303703 1983-02-04
DE19833303703 DE3303703A1 (en) 1983-02-04 1983-02-04 CALENDAR ROLLER AND PAPER FOR A CALANDER ROLL FILLING

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EP0131083B1 true EP0131083B1 (en) 1987-11-04

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