EP0127558A1 - High efficiency acoustic box of the baffle-type - Google Patents

High efficiency acoustic box of the baffle-type Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0127558A1
EP0127558A1 EP84450010A EP84450010A EP0127558A1 EP 0127558 A1 EP0127558 A1 EP 0127558A1 EP 84450010 A EP84450010 A EP 84450010A EP 84450010 A EP84450010 A EP 84450010A EP 0127558 A1 EP0127558 A1 EP 0127558A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
walls
enclosure
wave
wall
horn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84450010A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marie Hélène Verrier épouse Murillo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nouvelle International Multison Sa Ste
Original Assignee
Nouvelle International Multison Sa Ste
Verrier Epouse Murillo Marie Helene
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nouvelle International Multison Sa Ste, Verrier Epouse Murillo Marie Helene filed Critical Nouvelle International Multison Sa Ste
Publication of EP0127558A1 publication Critical patent/EP0127558A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2861—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a back-loaded horn
    • H04R1/2865—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a back-loaded horn for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/30—Combinations of transducers with horns, e.g. with mechanical matching means, i.e. front-loaded horns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a loudspeaker of the high efficiency baffle type.
  • the object of the present invention is to offer a solution to the problem posed.
  • the enclosure comprises one or more speakers mounted on a wall separating the front wave and the rear wave, said wall possibly being the front wall of the box.
  • the box is formed behind the loudspeaker a pavilion or duct with increasing section according to an exponential growth law, the said duct being folded back on itself.
  • On either side of the front wall are arranged at least two curved vertical walls with increasing spacing according to an exponential growth law.
  • the curved vertical walls are joined by horizontal walls or partitions.
  • One of the horizontal partitions is arranged between the loudspeakers and the outlet of the rear roof and the others at each lower and upper end, of the vertical walls.
  • This arrangement of the invention makes it possible to constitute an exponential horn coupled to the front wave of the loudspeakers, a short horn intended for high medium and high frequencies of the spectrum, for example above 150 HZ.
  • This arrangement of the invention also makes it possible to extend the exponential growth of the rear pavilion, the walls of which conform to the law.
  • This much longer flag has a high efficiency in the lower part of the spectrum, for example for frequencies below 150 HZ.
  • the walls constituting the said pavilions are removably mounted and / or articulated on the enclosure.
  • the enclosure according to the invention is constituted in a known manner by a box preferably of rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • a wall 1 which in the exemplary embodiment shown is the front vertical wall but which may be an internal wall of the enclosure receives one or more sound transducers or speakers 2 with a membrane.
  • the wall 1 performs in known manner the separation function of the front wave emitted by vibration of the membrane and the rear wave. Behind the loudspeaker or loudspeakers 2 is produced a compression chamber 3 of the rear wave and providing a groove for the passage of the wave in a duct or pavilion 4.
  • the pavilion 4 is of the exponential type folded back to lead to the front wall under the loudspeakers 2.
  • the sections of the pavilion 4 are increasing, obeying an exponential or hyperbolic or conical law of growth, from the vent of communication with the compression chamber to the last section at the front wall.
  • Vertical walls or flaps 5 are disposed respectively on either side of the front wall 1 and in the extension of the latter on either side of the direction of propagation of the front and rear sound waves.
  • the walls 5 are curved and separate from one another so symmetrical from the front wall so as to define a succession of increasing sections according to a law of growth, preferably exponential or hyperbolic or conical.
  • Horizontal partitions 6 join said walls and the front wall and a horizontal wall 6 constitutes a separation between the loudspeakers, that is to say the front wave, and the pavilion 4 that is to say the back wave.
  • an exponential horn is formed, coupled to the front wave and by arrangement of the partition 6 and said walls 5, the law of exponential growth of the horn 4 is extended.
  • the walls 5 as described can be arranged either at the level of the output of the front wave, that is to say on either side of the loudspeakers, or at the level of the wave rear that is to say of the last section of the roof 4 or as shown at the level of the two.
  • each of the walls 5 can be made up of two parts 5A and 5B capable of being set up independently of one another.
  • the walls 5 and the partitions 6 are provided with means making it possible to fix them in a removable manner to the box of the enclosure and between them.
  • the walls 5 and possibly the partition walls 6 are hinged to the box so as to be able to be folded against the sides of the enclosure which makes it possible to facilitate the transport of said enclosure. It goes without saying that the enclosure and the walls 5 and 6 are made of all suitable materials.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

The box consists of a parallipipedal-shaped case, one front or internal vertical wall 1 of which receives one or more loudspeakers 2. Behind the loudspeaker(s) there is formed a sound chamber 3 connecting with a horn 4 coupled to the rear wave of the loudspeaker(s) in order to reproduce the low frequencies. The horn 4 consists of a duct bent so as to open out at the front part and having an exponentially increasing cross-section. On either side of the front wall 1 there are mounted vertical walls 5 which can be detached and can be folded back over the box and which gradually diverge and are preferably curved so as to have a separation defining an exponentially increasing cross-section. Between the walls 5 are mounted separating partitions 6 at each end of the front wall and between the loudspeakers 2 and the exit of the duct 4. This makes it possible to construct an exponential horn for the front waves and to extend the exponentially increasing law for the rear horn 4. The invention makes it possible to construct a high-efficiency box. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une enceinte acoustique du type baffle à rendement élevé.The present invention relates to a loudspeaker of the high efficiency baffle type.

IL est connu de réaliser des enceintes constituées d'un caisson de forme parallèlépipèdique dans LequeL est ménagé un pavillon couplé à l'onde avant d'un ou de plusieurs haut-parleurs pour la reproduction des moyennes et hautes fréquences et d'un pavillon dit arrière couplé à l'onde arrière du dit haut parleur pour La reproduction des basses fréquences qui est constitué par un conduit replié sur Lui-même de configuration en arc de cercle pour déboucher en partie frontale. Ces pavillons sont à section croissante suivant une Loi de croissance exponentielle.It is known to produce speakers made up of a box of parallelepiped shape in LequeL is provided a horn coupled to the front wave of one or more speakers for the reproduction of medium and high frequencies and a horn said rear coupled to the rear wave of said loudspeaker for the reproduction of low frequencies which is constituted by a conduit folded back on itself of configuration in an arc of a circle to lead into the front part. These pavilions are of increasing section according to an Exponential Growth Law.

Pour obtenir un bon rendement sonore par rapport à L'énergie électrique dépensée, il est interessant d'obtenir La reproduction d'une plage relativement étendue du spectre sonore audible.To obtain a good sound efficiency compared to the electrical energy expended, it is interesting to obtain the reproduction of a relatively wide range of the audible sound spectrum.

Au niveau des basses fréquences la reproduction par pavillon à croissance exponentielle suppose La réalisation de pavillons très volumineux.At low frequencies, the reproduction by an exponentially growing pavilion supposes the realization of very bulky pavilions.

De ce fait il n'est pas possible de réaliser des enceintes d'encombrement Limité, facilement transportables et de rendement élevé.Therefore it is not possible to make enclosures of limited size, easily transportable and high efficiency.

Pour accroître Le volume du pavillon exponentiel arrière, il est connu de disposer Le ou Les haut-parleurs sur La paroi frontale de l'enceinte qui constitue alors séparation entre L'onde avant et L'onde arrière du haut parleur.To increase the volume of the rear exponential horn, it is known to place the speaker (s) on the front wall of the enclosure which then constitutes a separation between the front wave and the rear wave of the speaker.

Dans ce cas L'accroissement de capacité au niveau des basses fréquences se fait au détriment des hautes fréquences.In this case, the increase in capacity at the low frequencies is at the expense of the high frequencies.

La présente invention a pour but d'offrir une solution au problème posé.The object of the present invention is to offer a solution to the problem posed.

Suivant une disposition particulière de l'invention, L'enceinte comporte un ou plusieurs haut-parleurs montés sur une paroi de séparation de l'onde avant et de l'onde arrière, la dite paroi pouvant être La paroi frontale du caisson.According to a particular arrangement of the invention, the enclosure comprises one or more speakers mounted on a wall separating the front wave and the rear wave, said wall possibly being the front wall of the box.

Dans Le caisson est ménagé derrière Le haut parleur un pavillon ou conduit à section croissante suivant une loi de croissance exponentielle, le dit conduit étant replié sur Lui-même.In the box is formed behind the loudspeaker a pavilion or duct with increasing section according to an exponential growth law, the said duct being folded back on itself.

De part et d'autre de La paroi frontale sont disposées au moins deux parois verticales cintrées à écartement croissant suivant une loi de croissance exponentielle.On either side of the front wall are arranged at least two curved vertical walls with increasing spacing according to an exponential growth law.

Les parois verticales cintrées, dont de préférence Le profil est constant sur toute La hauteur du baffle sont réunies par des parois ou cloisons horizontales.The curved vertical walls, the profile of which is preferably constant over the entire height of the cabinet are joined by horizontal walls or partitions.

Une des cloisons horizontales est disposée entre Les haut-parleurs et Le débouché du pavillon arrière et les autres à chaque extrémité inférieure et supérieure, des parois verticales.One of the horizontal partitions is arranged between the loudspeakers and the outlet of the rear roof and the others at each lower and upper end, of the vertical walls.

Cette disposition de L'invention permet de constituer un pavillon exponentiel couplé à L'onde avant des haut-parleurs, pavillon court destiné aux fréquences élevées moyennes et hautes du spectre, par exemple au dessus de 150 HZ.This arrangement of the invention makes it possible to constitute an exponential horn coupled to the front wave of the loudspeakers, a short horn intended for high medium and high frequencies of the spectrum, for example above 150 HZ.

Cette disposition de L'invention permet également de prolonger La croissance exponentielle du pavillon arrière dont Les parois épousent La loi.This arrangement of the invention also makes it possible to extend the exponential growth of the rear pavilion, the walls of which conform to the law.

Ce pavillon beaucoup plus long possède un rendement élevé dans la partie basse du spectre, par exemple pour Les fréquences inférieures à 150 HZ.This much longer flag has a high efficiency in the lower part of the spectrum, for example for frequencies below 150 HZ.

Suivant une autre disposition de L'invention, Les parois constituant Les dits pavillons sont montées de manière amovible et/ou articulées sur L'enceinte.According to another arrangement of the invention, the walls constituting the said pavilions are removably mounted and / or articulated on the enclosure.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à La lecture de La description ci-après d'une forme de réalisation de L'invention donnée à titre d'exemple non Limitatif et illustrée par les dessins joints dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'une enceinte selon l'invention,
  • La figure 2 est une vue en perspective de La dite enceinte.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the following description of an embodiment of the invention given by way of nonlimiting example and illustrated by the accompanying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an enclosure according to the invention,
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of said enclosure.

Comme représentée aux dessins annexés L'enceinte selon L'invention est constituée de manière connue par un caisson de préférence de forme parallèlèpipèdique rectangle.As shown in the accompanying drawings The enclosure according to the invention is constituted in a known manner by a box preferably of rectangular parallelepiped shape.

Une paroi 1 qui dans l'exemple de réalisation représentée est La paroi verticale frontale mais qui peut être une paroi interne à L'enceinte reçoit un ou plusieurs transducteurs sonores ou haut-parleurs 2 à membrane.A wall 1 which in the exemplary embodiment shown is the front vertical wall but which may be an internal wall of the enclosure receives one or more sound transducers or speakers 2 with a membrane.

La paroi 1 fait de manière connue fonction de séparation de l'onde avant émise par vibration de la membrane et de l'onde arrière. Derrière le ou les haut-parleurs 2 est réalisée une chambre de compression 3 de l'onde arrière et ménageant une gorge de passage de l'onde dans un conduit ou pavillon 4.The wall 1 performs in known manner the separation function of the front wave emitted by vibration of the membrane and the rear wave. Behind the loudspeaker or loudspeakers 2 is produced a compression chamber 3 of the rear wave and providing a groove for the passage of the wave in a duct or pavilion 4.

Le pavillon 4 est de type exponentiel replié pour déboucher sur La paroi frontale sous Les haut-parleurs 2.The pavilion 4 is of the exponential type folded back to lead to the front wall under the loudspeakers 2.

Les sections du pavillon 4 sont croissantes, obéissant à une loi de croissance exponentielle ou hyperbolique ou conique, depuis l'évent de communication avec la chambre de compression jusqu'à La dernière section au niveau de La paroi frontale.The sections of the pavilion 4 are increasing, obeying an exponential or hyperbolic or conical law of growth, from the vent of communication with the compression chamber to the last section at the front wall.

Des parois ou volets 5 verticaux sont disposés respectivement de part et d'autre de la paroi frontale 1 et dans le prolongement de celle-ci de part et d'autre du sens de propagation des ondes sonores avant et arrière.Vertical walls or flaps 5 are disposed respectively on either side of the front wall 1 and in the extension of the latter on either side of the direction of propagation of the front and rear sound waves.

Les parois 5 sont cintrées et s'écartent l'une de l'autre de manière symétrique à partir de la paroi frontale en sorte de définir une succession de sections croissantes suivant une loi de croissance, de préférence exponentielle ou hyperbolique ou conique.The walls 5 are curved and separate from one another so symmetrical from the front wall so as to define a succession of increasing sections according to a law of growth, preferably exponential or hyperbolic or conical.

Des cloisons 6 horizontales réunissent les dites parois et la paroi frontale et une paroi 6 horizontale constitue séparation entre les haut-parleurs, c'est-à-dire l'onde avant, et le pavillon 4 c'est-à-dire l'onde arrière.Horizontal partitions 6 join said walls and the front wall and a horizontal wall 6 constitutes a separation between the loudspeakers, that is to say the front wave, and the pavilion 4 that is to say the back wave.

Par cette disposition il est constitué un pavillon exponentiel couplé à l'onde avant et par disposition de La cloison 6 et des dites parois 5 la loi de croissance exponentielle du pavillon 4 se trouve prolongée.By this arrangement, an exponential horn is formed, coupled to the front wave and by arrangement of the partition 6 and said walls 5, the law of exponential growth of the horn 4 is extended.

Il va de soi que les parois 5 telles que décrites peuvent être ménagées soit au niveau de sortie de l'onde avant, c'est-à-dire de part et d'autre des haut-parleurs, soit au niveau de l'onde arrière c'est-à-dire de la dernière section du pavillon 4 ou comme représenté au niveau des deux.It goes without saying that the walls 5 as described can be arranged either at the level of the output of the front wave, that is to say on either side of the loudspeakers, or at the level of the wave rear that is to say of the last section of the roof 4 or as shown at the level of the two.

A cet effet chacune des parois 5 peut être constituée de deux parties 5A et 5B susceptibles d'être mise en place indépendamment l'une de L'autre.To this end, each of the walls 5 can be made up of two parts 5A and 5B capable of being set up independently of one another.

De préférence, Les parois 5 et Les séparations 6 sont dotées de moyens permettant de Les fixer de manière amovible au caisson de L'enceinte et entre eux.Preferably, the walls 5 and the partitions 6 are provided with means making it possible to fix them in a removable manner to the box of the enclosure and between them.

Suivant une forme préférée de réalisation de L'invention, Les parois 5 et éventuellement Les cloisons de séparation 6 sont articulées au caisson en sorte de pouvoir être repliées contre les flancs de l'enceinte ce qui permet de faciliter le transport de La dite enceinte. Il va de soi que l'enceinte et les parois 5 et 6 sont constituées en tous matériaux adaptés.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the walls 5 and possibly the partition walls 6 are hinged to the box so as to be able to be folded against the sides of the enclosure which makes it possible to facilitate the transport of said enclosure. It goes without saying that the enclosure and the walls 5 and 6 are made of all suitable materials.

Claims (8)

1. Enceinte acoustique du type baffle constituée par un caisson de préférence de forme parallèlépipèdique comportant un ou plusieurs haut-parleurs (2) sur une paroi (1) de séparation de l'onde avant et de l'onde arrière, un pavillon (4) à sections croissantes exponentielles étant ménagé derrière le ou Les haut-parleurs, Le dit pavillon débouchant en partie frontale de L'enceinte pour La reproduction des basses fréquences, caractérisée par au moins deux parois verticales cintrées (5) réunies par des séparations horizon tales disposées symétriquement respectivement de part et d'autre et dans Le prolongement de la paroi frontale dans le sens de propagation des ondes sonores, Les dites parois cintrées (5) étant écartées en sorte de définir une succession de sections croissantes suivant une loi de croissance exponentielle pour Les ondes avant et de prolonger La loi de croissance exponentielle du pavillon (4) pour l'onde arrière.1. Acoustic enclosure of the baffle type constituted by a box preferably of parallelepipedal shape comprising one or more speakers (2) on a wall (1) of separation of the front wave and the rear wave, a horn (4 ) with exponential increasing sections being arranged behind the loudspeaker (s), the said pavilion opening in the frontal part of the enclosure for the reproduction of low frequencies, characterized by at least two curved vertical walls (5) joined by horizontal partitions symmetrically arranged respectively on each side and in the extension of the front wall in the direction of propagation of the sound waves, the said curved walls (5) being separated so as to define a succession of increasing sections according to an exponential growth law for the front waves and to extend the law of exponential growth of the pavilion (4) for the rear wave. 2. Enceinte selon La revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que Les parois (5) et leurs séparations (6) sont amovibles.2. Enclosure according to claim 1 characterized in that the walls (5) and their partitions (6) are removable. 3. Enceinte selon La revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que les parois (5) sont articulées sur La paroi frontale en sorte de se replier contre les parois de La dite enceinte.3. Enclosure according to claim 1 characterized in that the walls (5) are articulated on the front wall so as to fold against the walls of said enclosure. 4. Enceinte selon La revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la paroi (1) de séparation des ondes avant et arrière est La paroi frontale.4. Enclosure according to claim 1 characterized in that the wall (1) for separating the front and rear waves is the front wall. 5. Enceinte selon La revendication 1 caractérisée par une cloison (6) horizontale de séparation entre La paroi frontale (1) et Les parois (5).5. Enclosure according to claim 1 characterized by a partition (6) horizontal separation between the front wall (1) and the walls (5). 6. Enceinte selon La revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que les parois (5) sont constituées en deux parties (SA) et (5B) pouvant être montées séparément.6. Enclosure according to claim 1 characterized in that the walls (5) consist of two parts (SA) and (5B) which can be mounted separately. 7. Enceinte selon La revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que les parois (5) sont disposées au niveau de la sortie des ondes avant et/ou au niveau de La sortie des ondes arrières.7. Enclosure according to claim 1 characterized in that the walls (5) are arranged at the outlet of the front waves and / or at the outlet of the rear waves. 8. Enceinte selon La revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que La Loi de croissance des pavillons (4) et/ou (5) pour l'onde arrière et pour l'onde avant, peut être exponentielle, hyperbolique ou conique.8. Enclosure according to claim 1 characterized in that The law of growth of the flags (4) and / or (5) for the rear wave and for the front wave, can be exponential, hyperbolic or conical.
EP84450010A 1983-04-21 1984-04-09 High efficiency acoustic box of the baffle-type Withdrawn EP0127558A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8306876A FR2544949B1 (en) 1983-04-21 1983-04-21 HIGH EFFICIENCY CABINET SPEAKER
FR8306876 1983-04-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0127558A1 true EP0127558A1 (en) 1984-12-05

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ID=9288244

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84450010A Withdrawn EP0127558A1 (en) 1983-04-21 1984-04-09 High efficiency acoustic box of the baffle-type

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EP (1) EP0127558A1 (en)
ES (1) ES279007Y (en)
FR (1) FR2544949B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2435729A (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-05 Mark Treanor A slot-loaded loudspeaker enclosure with curved walls

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4100708C2 (en) * 1991-01-11 1996-02-08 Robert Schwanitz Spherical speaker cabinet with horn funnel

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1070230B (en) *
DE921994C (en) * 1953-02-19 1955-01-07 Zeiss Ikon Ag Dismountable loudspeaker housing with exponential sound guide
US2866513A (en) * 1952-11-24 1958-12-30 Edward V Bracken Apparatus for generating sound
US3866712A (en) * 1974-04-19 1975-02-18 James A Carruthers Collapsible speaker extension
GB2066619A (en) * 1979-12-18 1981-07-08 Pearce P J Loudspeaker cabinet

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1070230B (en) *
US2866513A (en) * 1952-11-24 1958-12-30 Edward V Bracken Apparatus for generating sound
DE921994C (en) * 1953-02-19 1955-01-07 Zeiss Ikon Ag Dismountable loudspeaker housing with exponential sound guide
US3866712A (en) * 1974-04-19 1975-02-18 James A Carruthers Collapsible speaker extension
GB2066619A (en) * 1979-12-18 1981-07-08 Pearce P J Loudspeaker cabinet

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2435729A (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-05 Mark Treanor A slot-loaded loudspeaker enclosure with curved walls
GB2435729B (en) * 2006-03-03 2009-06-03 Mark Treanor A speaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES279007Y (en) 1986-04-01
FR2544949A1 (en) 1984-10-26
FR2544949B1 (en) 1986-10-10
ES279007U (en) 1985-06-16

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Inventor name: VERRIER EPOUSE MURILLO, MARIE HELENE