EP0126703A1 - Überwachungsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Überwachungsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0126703A1
EP0126703A1 EP84630080A EP84630080A EP0126703A1 EP 0126703 A1 EP0126703 A1 EP 0126703A1 EP 84630080 A EP84630080 A EP 84630080A EP 84630080 A EP84630080 A EP 84630080A EP 0126703 A1 EP0126703 A1 EP 0126703A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detection
information
technique
accordance
detector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84630080A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yechiel Spector
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from IL68725A external-priority patent/IL68725A0/xx
Priority claimed from IL68727A external-priority patent/IL68727A0/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0126703A1 publication Critical patent/EP0126703A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/183—Single detectors using dual technologies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/16—Security signalling or alarm systems, e.g. redundant systems

Definitions

  • detection devices There are a great variety of detection devices on the market today. Such devices serve a multitude of purposes, intrusion detection, smoke or fire detection, tracking moving objects, and detecting the presence of undesirable persons, objects and/or occurrences.
  • detection apparatus including apparatus for receiving information in accordance with a first detection technique, apparatus for receiving information in accordance with a second detection technique, different from the first technique, apparatus for combining the information received in accordance with the first and second techniques, and apparatus for providing an output indication representing the combined information.
  • the first and second techniques may be selected from the following set of techniques: detection in non-visible bands, such as UV or IR, detection in visible bands, other radiation detection, Ultrasonic detection, doppler effect detection, and other sonic detection.
  • intrusion detection apparatus including a sonic detector providing a first output indication in response to the sonic information detected, a radiation detector providing a second output indication in response to the radiation detected, and logic apparatus for ANDing said first and second output indications and providing an output indication representing the combined information.
  • the radiation detector may be selected from the following detection apparatus: visible ray detector, detector of rays in the non-visible range, such as UV and IR, other radiation detector apparatus; and the sonic detector may be selected from the following detection apparatus: ultrasonic detector, microwave detector, doppler effect detector, and other sonic detector apparatus.
  • a technique for detection of an undesirable occurrence including the steps of receiving information in accordance with a first detection technique, receiving information in accordance with a second detection technique different from the first technique, combining the information received in accordance with the first and second techniques, and providing an output indication representing the combined information.
  • the first technique includes a sonic detection technique and the second technique includes a radiation detection technique.
  • an audio-visual "signature" access control and record keeping system comprising regarding audio and visual characteristics of a person, apparatus for comparing the audio and visual characteristics with reference characteristics and apparatus responsive to the results of the comparison for permitting or denying access to such person.
  • the audio visual access control system may also be responsive to audio identification information furnished verbally by a person.
  • a remote open area intrusion or fire identification system comprising a video sensor which is operative to scan a predetermined region, a thermal sensor which is also operative to scan the predetermined region and apparatus for combining information derived from the video sensor and the thermal sensor for providing an output indication of intrusion or fire.
  • apparatus for comparing the sensor output with a predetermined reference for increasing resolution may be provided.
  • This reference may be a stored sensor output image.
  • apparatus for receiving information from an information bearing scene comprising apparatus for receiving information from the information bearing scene in accordance with a first technique, apparatus fbr receiving information from the information bearing scene in accordance with a second technique, different from the first technique, apparatus for combining the information received from the information bearing scene in accordance with the first and second techniques and apparatus for providing an output indication representing the combined information.
  • the first and second techniques may be selected from the following set of techniques: UV detection, IR detection, ultrasonic detection, radar detection, X-ray detection, other radiation detection, visual detection.
  • the output indication may comprise a composite visually sensible picture.
  • the output indication may comprise an analysis of the combined information in accordance with predetermined empirical criteria suited to the application.
  • a composite picture or other output'indication may be produced after thresholding the information received according to various techniques to isolate significant features contained therein.
  • a technique for receiving . information from an information bearing scene comprising the steps of receiving information from the information bearing scene in accordance with a first technique, receiving information from the information bearing scene in accordance with a second technique, different from the first technique, combining the information received from the information bearing scene in accordance with the first and second techniques and providing an output indication representing the combined information.
  • Detection apparatus comprises at least a first detector 10 and a second detector 12 and may include as many detectors as desired, through n-th detector 14.
  • Detectors 10, 12 and, if present, 14 operate according to at least two different detection techniques.
  • one of detectors 10 and 12 is a sonic detector and the other is a radiation detector.
  • Any conventional sonic or radiation detection means may be employed in the present invention. These include, but are not limited to, UV detection, IR detection, visible ray detection, detection of rays in the non-visible range, other radiation detection, Ultrasonic detection, doppler effect detection, and other sonic detection.
  • UV detection UV detection
  • IR detection visible ray detection
  • detection of rays in the non-visible range other radiation detection
  • Ultrasonic detection doppler effect detection
  • Doppler effect detection and other sonic detection.
  • the combination of techniques chosen corresponds to the detection problems and requirements associated with the location in which the detection apparatus is to be installed.
  • each of detectors 10, 12 and 14 is supplied to corresponding signal processing circuitry 16, 18, and 20, which is normally commercially available from the manufacturer of the detector itself.
  • This signal processing circuit is operative to provide an output indication in accordance with the information received by the detector above a predetermined threshold.
  • the output indications from the plurality of signal processing circuits 16, 18 and 20, are supplied to activator circuitry 22, which may typically be an AND gate, which is operative to activate an output indicator 24 upon receiving signals above the predetermined threshold level from both detectors.
  • Output indioator 24 may comprise local or distant alarm means, a flashing light, automatic explosion suppression apparatus or any other utilization means suitable for the type of occurrence being detected.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates access control apparatus constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a conventional video camera with sound such as the type manufactured by Sony, provides audio and visual inputs 30 and 32. Each of these inputs may first be recorded by suitable recording means 34 and 36 respectively. Alternatively, the recording step may be eliminated and the inputs may be employed on-line.
  • the recorded or on-line audio and visual inputs are each subject to analysis by respective analysis apparatus 38 and 40 so as to isolate or identify certain predetermined characteristics thereof.
  • the analysis of the visual input may include a determination of the persons height and width or other physical dimensions, an analysis of face characteristics, and/or an analysis of facial color, for example.
  • the analysis may take into account a person's name identification, his pronunciation of given letters or combinations of letters, frequency characteristics, intonation and other speech characteristics.
  • Apparatus for audio and visual analysis of the type employed is commercially available in the area of robotics and artificial intelligence.
  • a desired level of analysis may be applied to the visual and audio inputs and if desired, the entire input may be transmitted further, without analysis.
  • the analysis is provided to reduce the amount of information required to be transmitted stored and compared while preserving, insofar as possible, the identifying characteristics of the inputs.
  • the audio and visual inputs, as analyzed to the desired degree are then combined by suitable combining circuitry such as a mixer 42 to define a "combined image".
  • This combined image is actually a storable identification record based on a combination of audio and visual inputs.
  • the "combined image” may be an image which may be visually sensed by a human, such as a picture, whose visual information is displayed in monochrome and whose audio input is expressed as the color in which the visual information is displayed.
  • the "combined image” need not be a visually sensible image at all but may be instead an electronic signature identifying a person by a combination of characteristics derived from the visual and audio inputs.
  • the important feature is that the "combined image" be derived from a plurality of different types of inputs, which are combined to significantly increase reliability of identification.
  • the “combined image” is supplied to storage apparatus 44.
  • the “combined image” is supplied to a image register 46.
  • a comparator 48 compares the stored information in storage apparatus 44 with the "combined image” in image register 46 and in accordance with predetermined criteria provides a Yes/No identification output to utilization apparatus 50, such as physical access control apparatus.
  • Utilization apparatus 50 may also be responsive to other identification criteria, such as the insertion of an identification card, the application of an access code, etc.
  • audio and visual inputs have been employed in the example described above, any other combination of two or more types of inputs may be employed, for example, visual and thermal, olfactory, weight, etc.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates remote open space fire and/or intrusion detection apparatus constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus typically comprises an optical sensor 60 and a thermal sensor 62. These sensors may be mounted on suitable high places or on surveillance aircraft or spacecraft and are operated in a scanning mode to scan relatively large regions.
  • Scanning apparatus 64 is provided to produce the desired scanning. This apparatus is preferably responsive to inputs from one of the two sensors for causing the scanning apparatus to divert from its normal scanning pattern and to concehtrate on a region in which some input of interest was received by either or both of the sensors.
  • the outputs of the optical and thermal sensors are supplied to respective analysis circuits 66 and 68, which are commercially available for use in weather satellites and the like.
  • the ouput of the analysis circuits 66 and 68 which operate similarly to the circuits 38 and 40 of the apparatus of Fig. 2 described above, are supplied to image formation circuitry 70, which may be similar in structure and function to circuitry 42 of the apparatus of Fig. 2, and produces a "combined image" as described hereinabove.
  • the output of the image formation circuitry 70 is supplied either to a reference storage facility 72 or to a current "combined image" register 74.
  • a comparator 76 is operative to compare the current and reference “combined images” to indicate whether a difference between them is indicative of an alarm situation. The difference may be evaluated by threshold apparatus incorporated in comparator 76.
  • the output of comparator 76 is supplied to alarm indicating circuitry 78 which may be conventional alarm circuitry providing an audio, visual or combined alarm.
  • Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustration of apparatus for receiving information from an information bearing scene in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the term "scene” is used throughout the specification and claims to denote. a. view or object having a predetermined spatial distribution about which information is sought to be received.
  • the scene may be viewed in one, two, or three dimensions, in different directions and also over time.
  • the term "scene” in the context used herein refers equally to a weld being examined, a living organism, a flying object and any other static or moving collection of objects or materials, expanse of topography, or phenomenon having a spatial distribution.
  • a plurality of data acquisition elements 80 are arranged to "view" the scene, it being understood that the term “view” is not limited to an optical view but refers more generally to a data acquisition relationship with the scene by any suitable data acquisition technique.
  • Each of at least two data acquisition elements 10 operates according to a different technique.
  • Each of these techniques may be of itself entirely conventional. Examples of suitable data acquisition techniques are UV detection, IR detection, visible light detection, ultrasonic detection, high energy radiation mapping, X-ray absorption line spectrographics, NMR imaging, radar detection, etc. It is appreciated that a number of different techniques may be employed with the same type of radiation or emission. The combination of techniques chosen corresponds to the type of scene being viewed and the detection problems and requirements associated therewith.
  • each data acquisition element 80 is supplied to corresponding signal processing circuitry 82, which is normally commercially available from the manufacturer of the data acquisition element 80.
  • This signal processing circuit is operative to provide an output indication in accordance with the corresponding technique employed by element 80 of the data acquired thereby.
  • the output indications from a plurality of signal processing circuits 82, each corresponding to a data acquisition element 80, are supplied to combination circuitry 84 which is operative to combine the data received from a plurality of acquisition elements 80, each according to a different technique, in an additive manner, so as to provide a combined and composite data collection which is directed to indicate predetermined features which are of interest in the scene being viewed. It is appreciated that the type of combination used is a function of the type of scene being viewed, the type of features which are of interest and the data acquisition techniques employed.
  • combination circuity 84 comprises a CPU based, programmable circuit.
  • Combination circuitry 84 preferably provides an output to a visual display 86, which output represents a composite picture containing information acquired by a plurality of data acquisition techniques.
  • combination circuitry 84 provides an output to feature analysis circuitry 88.
  • Feature analysis circuitry 88 is also typically CPU based, program controlled circuitry which incorporates pattern recognition circuitry which may be entirely conventional. This circuitry is operative to make determinations as to the presence or absence of predetermined features in the scene. Such features may be, for example, tumors in tissue, flaws in welds and flying objects.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates apparatus for receiving and processing information from a scene in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention and comprising a plurality of data acquisition elements 90, operating according to different techniques, each associated with appropriate signal processing circuitry 92. It is appreciated that according to one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of identical data acquisition elements may be employed having different signal processing circuitry 92, thus providing outputs having different information bearing characteristics.
  • each of signal processing circuits 92 is supplied to a combined picture synthesizer 94 and to a comparator 96 which is operative to indicate differences between the combined picture produced by synthesizer 94 and each individual picture.
  • the combined picture synthesizer 94 provides an output to a combined picture display 98 and to combined picture analysis circuitry100, which may comprise a comparator which receives a reference input 101 representative of a standard representative combined picture.
  • comparator 96 The output of comparator 96 is supplied to a further comparator102 which compares the standard difference of each individual picture from the combined picture with reference standard differences characteristic of the various detection techniques that are employed, which references are supplied by a reference input 104.
  • the outputs of analysis circuitry 100 and of comparator 102 are supplied to positive identification, presentation and display circuitry 106, which may comprise decision circuitry which matches the received inputs against predermined criteria.
  • the output may be in the form of a picture indicating detection of an object or collection of objects at a given location or in any other usable form.
  • the combined picture provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is normally a picture comprising information which cannot normally appear together on a picture produced by an one single technique.
  • This combined picture may thus be understood to be a hybrid image of the scene containing a combination of information which was never before combined in a visually sensible form, particularly as a picture, in accordance with the prior art.
  • Fig. 5B illustrates another embodiment of apparatus for receiving and processing information received from a scene and comprising a plurality of data acquisition elements 110 with associated signal processing circuitry 112 whereby the signal output of each of at least two of the circuits 112 differs from the other.
  • the output of each of circuits 112 is supplied to a comparator 114 which receives a reference input corresponding to the particular detection and signal processing technique employed and provides an output indication of differences between the sensed image and the reference. This output indication may be understood to indicate highlights of particular significance in the received image.
  • the highlights from a plurality of comparators 114 are supplied to data/picture analysis circuitry 116 which combines the highlights and provides either a combined picture based on the highlights or any other suitable analysis of their combined information content.
  • the criteria governing the combination of the information content produced according to the various techniques may be tailored to the particular application in order to provide empirically the combination of the most useful information in the most convenient format for the user.
  • circuitry of the invention is in connection with an automatic welding process wherein on-line inspection of the weld occurs as the weld is being formed.
  • the voltage, current, rate of introduction of the welding material and the speed of welding are monitored and controlled in order to determine the quality of the weld.
  • a basis for the control of these parameters is provided by circuitry of the type illustrated generally in Fig. 6 and comprising first and second data acquisition elements 130 and 132, which typically are a visible light sensor, such as a television camera, and an ultrasonic mapping element.
  • the outputs of data acquisition elements 130 and 132 are supplied to respective signal processing circuits 134 and 136, which may be entirely conventional, as are the. data acquisition elements themselves.
  • the outputs of oirouits 134 and 136 are, in turn, supplied to a combined picture synthesizer 138.
  • Synthesizer 138 which may output to a monitor 130, preferably provides a combined picture indicating the temperature distribution in the weld and alongside, and the configuration of the weld.
  • the output of synthesizer 138 is also supplied to a comparator 142 which compares the combined picture with a reference input 144, typically representing an acceptable weld.
  • the output of comparator 142 is supplied to data storage and control circuitry 146 and 148 respectively.
  • the control circuitry acts to determine the parameters, such as current, voltage, feed rate and progress rate in accordance with the similarity between the combined picture and the reference input.
  • the combined picture contains information which is not present in either one of the individual outputs of the data acquisition elements 130 and 132 and thus enables high quality automatic monitoring of the welding process. It is appreciated that additional data acquisition elements such as an IR detector may be added in parallel to elements 130 and 132 and used for providing control information.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
EP84630080A 1983-05-19 1984-05-18 Überwachungsvorrichtung Withdrawn EP0126703A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL68725 1983-05-19
IL68725A IL68725A0 (en) 1983-05-19 1983-05-19 Detection apparatus
IL68727 1983-05-19
IL68727A IL68727A0 (en) 1983-05-19 1983-05-19 Detector apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0126703A1 true EP0126703A1 (de) 1984-11-28

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EP84630080A Withdrawn EP0126703A1 (de) 1983-05-19 1984-05-18 Überwachungsvorrichtung

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986000450A1 (en) * 1984-06-18 1986-01-16 Santa Barbara Research Center Fire sensing and suppression method and system responsive to optical radiation and mechanical wave energy
EP0322204A2 (de) * 1987-12-22 1989-06-28 Zone Technology Limited Detektoreinheit und -anlage
US6504383B1 (en) * 1998-07-08 2003-01-07 Siegfried Hillenbrand Device for monitoring welds

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH496290A (de) * 1966-12-30 1970-09-15 Jackson & Church Electronics C Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines ausgewählten Objektes oder Bereiches
US3573817A (en) * 1968-02-28 1971-04-06 North American Rockwell Monitoring system
DE2707181A1 (de) * 1976-02-19 1977-09-01 Coprelec Fa Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gelaende- und raumueberwachung
US4103293A (en) * 1975-11-21 1978-07-25 Tri-Century Industries, Inc. Intrusion alarm apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH496290A (de) * 1966-12-30 1970-09-15 Jackson & Church Electronics C Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines ausgewählten Objektes oder Bereiches
US3573817A (en) * 1968-02-28 1971-04-06 North American Rockwell Monitoring system
US4103293A (en) * 1975-11-21 1978-07-25 Tri-Century Industries, Inc. Intrusion alarm apparatus
DE2707181A1 (de) * 1976-02-19 1977-09-01 Coprelec Fa Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gelaende- und raumueberwachung

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
FUNKSCHAU, no. 11, May 1982, München G. WILHELM et al. "Videotechnik in Sicherheitsanlagen", pages 53-56 *
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, vol. NS-29, no. 1, February 1982, New York, USA; J.L. SCHOENEMAN "A microprocessor CCTV controller for safeguards applications"; pages 874-877 *
SCHWEISSEN UND SCHNEIDEN, no. 4, 1982, Düsseldorf;K. SHINADA et al. "Trockenschweissen unter Wasser mit örtlichem Hohlraum - Entwicklung einer vollmechanisierten Schweisseinrichtung und Versuchsergebnisse", pages 193-195 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986000450A1 (en) * 1984-06-18 1986-01-16 Santa Barbara Research Center Fire sensing and suppression method and system responsive to optical radiation and mechanical wave energy
EP0276892A2 (de) * 1984-06-18 1988-08-03 Santa Barbara Research Center Feuerdetektions- und -löschverfahren und -system, empfindlich für optische Strahlung und mechanische Wellenenergie
EP0277685A2 (de) * 1984-06-18 1988-08-10 Santa Barbara Research Center Feuerdetektions- und -löschverfahren und -system, empfindlich für optische Strahlung und mechanische Wellenenergie
EP0277685A3 (en) * 1984-06-18 1989-01-11 Santa Barbara Research Center Fire sensing and suppression method and system responsive to optical radiation and mechanical wave energy
EP0276892A3 (de) * 1984-06-18 1989-01-18 Santa Barbara Research Center Feuerdetektions- und -löschverfahren und -system, empfindlich für optische Strahlung und mechanische Wellenenergie
EP0322204A2 (de) * 1987-12-22 1989-06-28 Zone Technology Limited Detektoreinheit und -anlage
EP0322204A3 (de) * 1987-12-22 1991-01-09 Zone Technology Limited Detektoreinheit und -anlage
US6504383B1 (en) * 1998-07-08 2003-01-07 Siegfried Hillenbrand Device for monitoring welds

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