EP0126127B1 - String support and neck device for stringed and neck instrument - Google Patents

String support and neck device for stringed and neck instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0126127B1
EP0126127B1 EP83903797A EP83903797A EP0126127B1 EP 0126127 B1 EP0126127 B1 EP 0126127B1 EP 83903797 A EP83903797 A EP 83903797A EP 83903797 A EP83903797 A EP 83903797A EP 0126127 B1 EP0126127 B1 EP 0126127B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
instrument
neck
handle
head
strings
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Expired
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EP83903797A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0126127A1 (en
Inventor
Roger Lacroix
Yves Argant
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Individual
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Individual
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10DSTRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D1/00General design of stringed musical instruments
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10DSTRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
    • G10D3/06Necks; Fingerboards, e.g. fret boards

Definitions

  • the instrument shown in FIG. 1 comprises a first lateral arm (1) and a second lateral arm (3), the roles of which are to completely or partially free the thin handle (2) from mechanical stresses.
  • the strings (6) stretched between the head (4) and the body (5) are fixed by the usual known methods which do not come within the scope of the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

Device enabling the tensioning of strings and the securing of a neck thereunder. It offers the possibility of obtaining a neck free of mechanical strains by means of outer supports. This neck may therefore have a very slim configuration, thereby facilitating the play of beginners, perfecters and virtuosi. The device according to the invention is comprised of a lateral support (1), another lateral support (3), a fixed or removable tempered or untempered neck (2), a string support or head (4), another string support or body (5) and strings (6) tensioned according to known methods. The device according to the invention is particularly intended to improve the existing stringed and neck instruments such as guitars, mandolins, bangos, violins, and the like, and to show the way to create new instruments.

Description

La présente invention concerne les instruments de musique à cordes tels que, par exemple, la guitare acoustique, électronique, électroacoustique, électrique, classique, multimanches, hawaienne, basse, la mandoline, le banjo, les violons, ainsi que tous leurs dérivés. L'invention concerne également la lutherie de nouveaux types d'instruments de musique fonctionnant selon le principe de cordes tendues entre deux supports, l'un étant généralement appelé corps et l'autre tête.The present invention relates to stringed musical instruments such as, for example, the acoustic, electronic, electroacoustic, electric, classical, multimanche, Hawaiian, bass guitar, mandolin, banjo, violins, and all their derivatives. The invention also relates to the violin making of new types of musical instruments operating according to the principle of strings stretched between two supports, one being generally called body and the other head.

Traditionnellement tous les instruments de musique à cordes du type à manche comportent un ou plusieurs manches, situés entre tête et corps, dont le rôle est à la fois de supporter la tension des cordes, de permettre la sélection de la longueur vibrante des cordes sous l'action des doigts d'une main et de transmettre les vibrations au corps.Traditionally all stringed musical instruments of the neck type have one or more necks, located between head and body, whose role is both to support the tension of the strings, to allow the selection of the vibrating length of the strings under the action of the fingers of one hand and transmitting vibrations to the body.

La surface du manche sur laquelle les cordes sont appuyées par les doigts du musicien est appelée touche. Cette touche peut être d'une matière différente de celle du manche. Sur cette touche sont disposées des frettes métalliques dans le cas d'instruments tempérés.The surface of the neck on which the strings are supported by the musician's fingers is called the fingerboard. This key can be of a different material than that of the handle. On this key are placed metallic frets in the case of temperate instruments.

A cause de leur fonction mécanique ces manches sont fixés solidement au corps et supportent la tête. Ils sont toujours épais et souvent larges, ce qui entraîne de nombreuses difficultés d'éxécution, vitesse et dextérité limitées, fatigues et crampes et pose de nombreux problèmes de fabrication et limite le nombre d'octaves par corde. Dans le cas d'un jeu musical de type "hawaien" ou "bottle neck" la touche et les frettes sont une gêne pour l'exécution.Because of their mechanical function, these handles are securely attached to the body and support the head. They are always thick and often wide, which leads to many execution difficulties, limited speed and dexterity, fatigue and cramps and poses many manufacturing problems and limits the number of octaves per string. In the case of a musical game of "Hawaiian" or "bottle neck" type, the key and the frets are a hindrance for the performance.

Bien qu'il soit connu de l'art antérieur de renforcer le manche d'une guitare par un tige métallique s'étendant à l'intérieur de celui-ci, le manche supporte encore pour partie l'effort de traction dû aux cordes et les luthiers lui donne les dimensions connues, ou bien du fait que le manche en lui-même ne supporte plus qu'une partie seulement de l'effort il est connu alors d'éloigner ou de rapprocher les cordes de la touche pour permettre à l'instrumentiste de jouer comme s'il s'agissait d'une guitare classique ou d'une guitare Hawaï, un tel dispositif est décrit par le brevet US-A-2998742.Although it is known in the prior art to reinforce the neck of a guitar with a metal rod extending inside of it, the neck still partially supports the tensile force due to the strings and the luthiers gives it the known dimensions, or else the fact that the handle itself only supports more than a part of the effort it is known to move the strings away from the key or bring them closer to allow the instrumentalist to play as if it were a classical guitar or a Hawaii guitar, such a device is described by patent US-A-2998742.

De même qu'il est connu de l'art antérieur d'avoir une guitare munie de deux ou plusieurs manches comme cela est par exemple décrit dans le brevet DE-C-72 716, mais dans ce cas chaque manche supporte l'effort de traction des cordes qu'il sous-tend.As is known in the prior art to have a guitar provided with two or more necks as described for example in patent DE-C-72,716, but in this case each neck supports the effort of pulling the strings it underlies.

Il a bien été proposé dans le brevet US-A-1 808 103 un instrument à corde présentant une tige- squelette supportant l'effort de traction de l'unique corde qu'elle sous-tend et une touche mobile lelong de ladite tige, mais ce document avait surtout pour objet un instrument muni d'une seule et unique corde qui devait couvrir la plage de sonorité s'étendant du premier violon au violoncelle ce qui n'est pas comparable avec l'objet de la demande.It has indeed been proposed in patent US-A-1,808,103 a string instrument having a skeleton rod supporting the tensile force of the single cord which it underlies and a movable key along said rod, but the main object of this document was an instrument provided with a single string which was to cover the range of sound extending from the first violin to the cello which is not comparable with the subject of the request.

Le dispositif selon l'invention permet de pallier ces inconvénients. Il consiste à libérer le ou les manches de leurs contraintes mécaniques habituelles grâce à l'action d'un ou plusieurs bras séparés.The device according to the invention overcomes these drawbacks. It consists in freeing the sleeve (s) from their usual mechanical constraints thanks to the action of one or more separate arms.

Plus particulièrement l'objet de l'invention est défini par les caractéristiques techniques récitées à la revendication 1.More particularly the subject of the invention is defined by the technical characteristics recited in claim 1.

Chaque bras permet de relier la tête et le corps de l'instrument et il est situé de telle façon qu'il dégage autour du manche et des cordes un espace nécessaire au jeu de l'artiste.Each arm makes it possible to connect the head and the body of the instrument and it is located in such a way that it clears around the neck and the strings a space necessary for the artist's playing.

Chaque bras est plein ou creux et réalisé dans des matériaux traditionnels tels que métal, carbone, plastique ou autre. Il peut aussi jouer le rôle de résonateur.Each arm is full or hollow and made of traditional materials such as metal, carbon, plastic or other. It can also play the role of resonator.

Le bras aide le musicien dans le cas d'un jeu à cinq doigts par dessus, en offrant parallèlement au manche un point d'appui pour son poignet ou son bras.The arm helps the musician in the case of a five-finger play from above, by offering a fulcrum for his wrist or arm parallel to the handle.

Le manche est étroit ou large en fonction du nombre de cordes, de l'espacement des cordes et de la morphologie des mains du musicien. Il devient possible de fabriquer des manches pour les enfants, ces manches pouvant être changés quand les enfants grandissent.The neck is narrow or wide depending on the number of strings, the spacing of the strings and the morphology of the musician's hands. It becomes possible to make sleeves for children, these sleeves can be changed when children grow.

Le manche peut être éloigné des cordes ou enlevé afin de permettre le jeu du type "hawaien" ou "bottle neck" évitant ainsi aux frettes de gêner ce jeu.The handle can be moved away from the strings or removed in order to allow play of the "Hawaiian" or "bottle neck" type, thus preventing the frets from interfering with this play.

Le manche est réglable en hauteur afin d'ajuster avec précision l'espace corde touche permettant ainsi d'éviter l'usage de chevalet et de sillets réglables en hauteur.The handle is adjustable in height in order to precisely adjust the touch string space, thus avoiding the use of height adjustable saddles and saddles.

Le manche est plus long que les manches traditionnels et offre jusqu'à trois octaves par corde ou plus.The handle is longer than traditional handles and offers up to three octaves per string or more.

Le manche est tempéré ou non, creux et reçoit éventuellement des cordes à résonance sympathiques.The neck is tempered or not, hollow and possibly receives sympathetic resonance strings.

Le manche est réalisé avec les matériaux et moyens conventionnels de Lutherie permettant des sonnorités déjà connues mais aussi dans des matériaux tels que métal, verre, cristal, carbone et en fonction de son mode de fixation à la tête et au corps offre des sonorités et des jeux nouveaux.The handle is made with conventional Lutherie materials and means allowing for known tones but also in materials such as metal, glass, crystal, carbon and depending on its method of attachment to the head and body offers tones and new games.

Les dessins annexés montrent, à titre indicatif, plusieurs exemples de réalisation d'instruments selon l'invention.

  • La figure 1 représente une vue d'ensemble d'un instrument selon l'invention dans un principe de base choisi pour sa simplicité.
  • La figure 2, représente une vue de côté d'un instrument selon l'invention comprenant un bras derrière le manche.
  • La figure 3 représente une vue de dessus d'un instrument selon l'invention comprenant un bras situé dessus le manche.
  • La figure 4 représente une vue de dessus d'un autre instrument selon l'invention.
  • La figure 5 représente une vue de dessus d'un autre instrument selon l'invention.
  • La figure 6 représente une vue d'ensemble d'une guitare électrique dite de "jazz".
  • La figure 7 représente une vue de dessus d'une guitare "solid body" selon l'invention.
  • La figure 8 représente une vue de côté de cette guitare selon la coupe AA de la figure 7.
  • La figure 9 représente une vue de dessus selon la coupe BB de la figure 7.
  • La figure 10 représente une vue de dessous selon la coupe CC de la figure 7.
  • Les figures 11, 12 et 13 représentent un dispositif de fixation du manche au corps de l'instrument.
  • Les figures 14,15 et 16 représentent un dispositif de fixation du manche à la tête de l'instrument.
  • La figure 17 représente une vue d'ensemble d'un autre instrument selon l'invention.
  • La figure 18 représente une vue d'ensemble d'un autre instrument selon l'invention.
The accompanying drawings show, by way of indication, several exemplary embodiments of instruments according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents an overall view of an instrument according to the invention in a basic principle chosen for its simplicity.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of an instrument according to the invention comprising an arm behind the handle.
  • FIG. 3 represents a top view of an instrument according to the invention comprising an arm situated above the handle.
  • Figure 4 shows a top view of another instrument according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 represents a top view of another instrument according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 shows an overview of an electric guitar called "jazz".
  • FIG. 7 represents a top view of a "solid body" guitar according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 represents a side view of this guitar according to section AA of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 represents a top view according to section BB of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 10 represents a bottom view along the section CC of FIG. 7.
  • Figures 11, 12 and 13 show a device for fixing the handle to the body of the instrument.
  • Figures 14,15 and 16 show a device for fixing the handle to the head of the instrument.
  • Figure 17 shows an overview of another instrument according to the invention.
  • Figure 18 shows an overview of another instrument according to the invention.

L'instrument représenté figure 1 comporte un premier bras latéral (1) et un second bras latéral (3), dont les rôles sont de libérer entièrement ou partiellement le manche fin (2) des contraintes mécaniques. Les cordes (6) tendues entre la tête (4) et le corps (5) sont fixées par les procédés habituels connus qui n'entrent pas dans le cadre de l'invention.The instrument shown in FIG. 1 comprises a first lateral arm (1) and a second lateral arm (3), the roles of which are to completely or partially free the thin handle (2) from mechanical stresses. The strings (6) stretched between the head (4) and the body (5) are fixed by the usual known methods which do not come within the scope of the invention.

L'instrument représenté figure 2 comporte un bras (7) situé derrière le manche fin (8) et fixé sur le corps (9). Il soutient la tête (10).The instrument shown in Figure 2 has an arm (7) located behind the thin handle (8) and attached to the body (9). It supports the head (10).

L'instrument représenté figure 3 comporte un bras situé dessus le manche fin (12) et fixé sur le corps (13). Il soutient la tête (14). Ce bras sera de préférence réalisé en matière rigide et transparente.The instrument shown in Figure 3 has an arm located above the thin handle (12) and fixed to the body (13). It supports the head (14). This arm will preferably be made of rigid and transparent material.

L'instrument représenté figure 4 comprend un bras (15) supportant un manche souple (16) et un manche fin (17) par l'intermédiaire d'une tête (18). Le bras est fixé sur un corps (19).The instrument shown in Figure 4 comprises an arm (15) supporting a flexible handle (16) and a thin handle (17) via a head (18). The arm is fixed to a body (19).

L'instrument représenté figure 5 comprend un bras (20) un manche fin (21), un manche fin (22), un bras (23), une tête (24) et un corps (25).The instrument shown in FIG. 5 comprises an arm (20), a thin handle (21), a thin handle (22), an arm (23), a head (24) and a body (25).

On comprend facilement que le dispositif selon l'invention peut s'appliquer à chaque type d'instrument à cordes et à manche existant: gamme des violons, violoncelles, contrebasse; gamme des banjos; gamme des mandolines et la gamme très étendue des différentes sortes de guitares avec entre autres la guitare électrique "solid body", la guitare classique, la guitare "folk" et la guitare "jazz".It is easily understood that the device according to the invention can be applied to each type of existing stringed instrument and neck: range of violins, cellos, double bass; range of banjos; range of mandolins and the very wide range of different kinds of guitars with among others the "solid body" electric guitar, the classical guitar, the "folk" guitar and the "jazz" guitar.

La guitare de "jazz" représentée figure 6 comporte un corps (35) faisant office de caisse de résonnance, réalisé en bois plein ou creux, un bras (36), solidaire du corps (35) et de la tête (37), réalisé en bois plein ou creux et équipé d'une vis de correction (38) agissant en contre réaction de la tension des cordes, un manche fin (39) solidaire de la tête (37) et du corps (35), réalisé et fixé selon les méthodes classiques mais d'épaisseur beaucoup plus mince au choix du luthier.The "jazz" guitar represented in FIG. 6 comprises a body (35) acting as a resonance box, made of solid or hollow wood, an arm (36), integral with the body (35) and the head (37), made in solid or hollow wood and equipped with a correction screw (38) acting in reaction against the tension of the strings, a thin handle (39) secured to the head (37) and the body (35), produced and fixed according to the classical methods but much thinner thickness at the choice of the luthier.

La guitare représentée figures 7, 8, 9 et 10 comporte un corps (40), un bras droit (41), un bras gauche (42), une tête (43), un manche (44), des cordes (45), ainsi que les éléments habituels de ces guitares: micro (46); boutons de réglage électronique (47), un chevalet cordier (48).The guitar represented in FIGS. 7, 8, 9 and 10 comprises a body (40), a right arm (41), a left arm (42), a head (43), a neck (44), strings (45), as well as the usual elements of these guitars: microphone (46); electronic adjustment knobs (47), a tailpiece bridge (48).

Le corps (40) est légèrement incurvé pour permettre le réhaussement des bras (41) (42) afin que ces derniers se trouvent dans le plan des cordes (45). Ces bras (41) (42) ne travaillant qu'à la compression sont de section réduite.The body (40) is slightly curved to allow the arms (41) (42) to be raised so that the latter are in the plane of the strings (45). These arms (41) (42) working only at compression are of reduced section.

Le manche fin est amovible de sorte que le musicien dispose de plusieurs manches de caractéristiques différentes et en change en fonction de ses désirs.The thin neck is removable so that the musician has several necks of different characteristics and changes according to his wishes.

Ce dispositif est représenté figures 11, 12 et 13. Dans le corps de la guitare (51) est aménagé un emplacement pour accueillir l'extrémité du manche (50), deux vis sans tête (52) et (53) vissées dans le corps (51), permettent de positionner le manche (50) en profondeur et une vis (49) de gros diamètre permet de plaquer le manche contre les vis de positionnement (52) (53). Ainsi est rendu possible la fixation rapide du manche et tous les réglages de hauteur et d'anti-vrillage.This device is shown in Figures 11, 12 and 13. In the body of the guitar (51) is provided a location to accommodate the end of the neck (50), two grub screws (52) and (53) screwed into the body (51), allow to position the handle (50) in depth and a screw (49) of large diameter allows to press the handle against the positioning screws (52) (53). This makes it possible to quickly attach the handle and all the height and anti-twist adjustments.

Un autre dispositif représenté figures 14, 15 et 16 comporte un système de vis permettant la fixation du manche à la tête. Le manche (60) placé en bonne position sous la tête (63) sera réglé en hauteur par les deux vis (58) et (59). Une pièce (64) sert à tenir le manche (60) plaqué contre les deux vis (58) et (59). Cette pièce (64) est fixée à la tête (63) grâce aux deux vis (54) et (56) et comporte des vis (55) et (57) permettant les réglages anti-creux et anti-vrillage. Les cordes (62) sont supportées par le sillet (61) solidaire de la tête (63).Another device shown in Figures 14, 15 and 16 includes a screw system for fixing the handle to the head. The handle (60) placed in good position under the head (63) will be adjusted in height by the two screws (58) and (59). A piece (64) is used to hold the handle (60) pressed against the two screws (58) and (59). This part (64) is fixed to the head (63) by means of the two screws (54) and (56) and comprises screws (55) and (57) allowing the anti-hollow and anti-twisting adjustments. The strings (62) are supported by the nut (61) integral with the head (63).

L'instrument représenté figure 17 comporte un cadre (65), un chevalet (66), un sillet (67), des mécaniques (68), un manche (70) le tout taillé dans la masse. Les cordes (69) sont tendues entre le sillet (67) et le chevalet (66).The instrument represented in FIG. 17 comprises a frame (65), an easel (66), a nut (67), mechanics (68), a handle (70) all cut in the mass. The strings (69) are stretched between the nut (67) and the bridge (66).

L'instrument représenté figure 18 comporte un cadre (76), un chevalet (74), un sillet (71), des mécaniques (72), un manche (75) et des cordes (73) tendues entre le sillet (71) et le chevalet (74). Dans cet exemple le cadre partiel est en tube métallique. Les accessoires habituels (micro, touche, potentiomètre etc...) sont vissés dessus.The instrument represented in FIG. 18 comprises a frame (76), an easel (74), a saddle (71), mechanics (72), a handle (75) and strings (73) stretched between the saddle (71) and the easel (74). In this example, the partial frame is made of metal tube. The usual accessories (microphone, button, potentiometer etc ...) are screwed on.

Claims (5)

1. Stringed instrument of the guitar, banjo, violin type presenting a body (5) a handle (2) on which the performer plays a head (4) and strings (6) stretched between the body (5) and the head (4) extending along the handle and characterized by the fact that it has at least a separate arm between the body and the head of the instrument, this separated arm leaving the handle on which the performer plays free from mechanical constraints and traction forces exerted by the strings.
2. Instrument as claimed in claim 1 characterized by the fact that the body (5), the head (4) and the arm (3), form a single unit.
3. Instrument as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the fact that the handle (2) is fixed to the head (5) and to the body (5) by removable means which allow its detachableness.
4. Instrument as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2 characterized by the fact that the handle (2) is fixed to the head (5) and to the body by adjusting means allowing its movement for the variation of the distance between the strings and the handle (6).
5. Instrument as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized by the fact that there are simultaneously at least two handles (16-17-21-22) on the same instrument.
EP83903797A 1982-11-29 1983-11-29 String support and neck device for stringed and neck instrument Expired EP0126127B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8220168A FR2536890A1 (en) 1982-11-29 1982-11-29 STRING AND ROD SUPPORT DEVICE FOR STRING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
FR8220168 1982-11-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0126127A1 EP0126127A1 (en) 1984-11-28
EP0126127B1 true EP0126127B1 (en) 1987-03-18

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US (1) US4616550A (en)
EP (1) EP0126127B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3370388D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2536890A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1984002218A1 (en)

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GB978931A (en) * 1959-12-16 1965-01-01 Ormston Burns Ltd Improvements in and relating to stringed instruments
US3196730A (en) * 1962-07-17 1965-07-27 Francis L Daniel Musical instruments
US3678795A (en) * 1971-11-15 1972-07-25 Earthwood Inc Neck mounting for a string instrument
US3858480A (en) * 1973-10-26 1975-01-07 Stanley C Hirsch Stringed instrument
US4126072A (en) * 1977-05-03 1978-11-21 Taylor Robert A Stringed musical instrument
FR2415853A1 (en) * 1978-01-26 1979-08-24 Generaux Roger Attachment for classical guitar - comprises frame holding additional bass strings over bridge on sound board
US4137813A (en) * 1978-04-07 1979-02-06 Intonation Systems Fingerboard attachment for stringed instruments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2536890B1 (en) 1985-04-26
US4616550A (en) 1986-10-14
EP0126127A1 (en) 1984-11-28
DE3370388D1 (en) 1987-04-23
FR2536890A1 (en) 1984-06-01
WO1984002218A1 (en) 1984-06-07

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