EP0125686B1

EP0125686B1 - Rapid start fluorescent lamp with a bimetal electrode disconnect switch

Info

Publication number: EP0125686B1
Application number: EP19840105489
Authority: EP
Inventors: John W. Anderson; William J. Roche
Original assignee: GTE Products Corp
Current assignee: Osram Sylvania Inc
Priority date: 1983-05-16
Filing date: 1984-05-15
Publication date: 1991-01-23
Also published as: DE3483976D1; EP0125686A3; EP0125686A2

Description

Technical field

This invention relates to rapid start fluorescent lamps and more particularly to rapid start fluorescent lamps having a bimetal electrode disconnect switch affixed to one electrode for discontinuing heater current flow upon effecting conductivity of the lamp.

Background art

In the fluorescent lamp art, both preheat type and rapid start type fluorescent lamps are commonly encountered. In the preheat type of fluorescent lamp, heater current flows through the electrode only during lamp ignition whereupon an external voltage sensitive starter opens the heater current circuit and discontinues heater current flow. In contrast, the rapid start fluorescent lamp normally has a constant heater current flow through each electrode both during ignition and operation of the lamp. Unfortunately, heater current flow during operation of the rapid start fluorescent lamp is lost power which obviously reduces the operational efficiency of rapid start fluorescent lamps.
Numerous suggestions have been made for enhancing efficiency of rapid start fluorescent lamps. For example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,052,687; 4,097,779; 4,114,968; 4,156,831 and 4,171,519, all assigned to the Assignee of the present application, suggest numerous configurations for enhanced operation of rapid start fluorescent lamps. Generally, each provides a thermally responsive circuit breaker suitable for use in discontinuing heater current upon operation of the fluorescent lamp.
However, it has been found that problems still exist. For example, it has been found that a problem occurs whenever the thermally responsive circuit breaker extends in a direction parallel to the electrode of a lamp but for a distance greater than the length of the electrode. Thereupon, positioning the lamp envelope properly is encumbered because the envelope tends to undesirably contact the circuit breaker when the circuit breaker and lamp electrodes are being inserted into the envelope. Such an encounter is obviously undesirable, and especially so in a high production manufacturing process.
In another aspect, it has been found that positioning of the circuit breaker too close to the electrode has a deleterious effect upon the life span of the fluorescent lamp. More specifically, closely spacing the circuit breaker to an electrode generating heat tends to significantly reduce the life span of the fluorescent lamp wherein the electrode is located.
In still another aspect of the invention, it has been found that the consistency and repeatability of operation of a circuit breaker disposed within a discharge lamp can be adversely affected when left unprotected from the environment within the discharge lamp. In other words, a bimetal switch means placed nearby an activated electrode within a discharge lamp may be deleteriously affected when protection is not provided such that the bimetal switch surfaces are not isolated from the electrode discharge area.

Objects and summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide an enhanced rapid start fluorescent with improved life span. Another object of the invention is to improve the operating efficiency of a rapid start fluorescent lamp. Still another object of the invention is to improve the capabilities for manufacture of the above-described enhanced rapid start fluorescent lamp. A further object of the invention is to reduce the energy requirements during operation use of a rapid start fluorescent lamp.
These and other objects, advantages and capabilities are achieved in one aspect of the invention by a rapid start fluorescent lamp having the features mentioned in claim 1. The dependent claims refer to particular embodiments of the invention.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partly in section, of one end of a rapid start fluorescent lamp prior to processing:
Fig. 2 is an elevational view, partly in section, of one end of a rapid start fluorescent lamp of the invention; and
Fig. 2 is a chart illustrating the relative life of a 40-watt rapid start fluorescent lamp with regard to the average or mean distance of an electrode disconnect switch from the lamp electrode.

Best mode for carrying out the invention

For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following disclosure and appended claims in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, a rapid start fluorescent lamp suitable for processing includes an elongated glass envelope 5 having a coating 7 of phosphor on the inner wall surface of the envelope 5. A glass stem member 9 is sealed into the end of the envelope 5 and includes a pair of electrical leads 11 and 13 sealed therein and passing therethrough. An end cap 15 is telescoped over and attached to the end of the glass envelope 5 and includes a pair of pins 17 and 19 electrically connected to a portion of the electrical leads 11 and 13 and formed to provide electrical connection to an external potential source (not shown). Moreover, the envelope 5 has a gas fill therein selected from the group consisting of argon, xenen, krypton, neon, helium and combinations thereof.
Within the envelope 5, an electrode 21 has one end thereof connected to one of the electrical leads 13 and a longitudinal axis which extends in a direction substantially normal to the direction of the electrical leads 11 and 13. The electrode 21, which is often referred to as a heater or cathode, is of a well known type used in rapid start fluorescent lamps and includes a coating thereon which is usually in the form of alkaline earth oxides applied thereto in the form of carbonates which, upon processing, are converted to oxides.
The opposite end of the electrode 21 is connected to the other electrical lead 11 which is, in turn, connected to the pin 17 by way of an electrode disconnect switch 23. The electrical disconnect switch 23 is preferably in the form of a glass bottle 25 having a pair of electrical conductors 27 and 29 sealed into one end. A bimetal switch 31 is located within the glass bottle 25 and connected intermediate the electrical conductors 27 and 29. A meltable bypass member 33 is affixed to the conductors 27 and 29 in shunting relationship to the bimetal switch 31. Moreover, a vacuum or a gas fill of noble gases or nitrogen or combination thereof is contained within the glass bottle 25. Thus, electrical connection between the electrode 21 and the pin 17 is effected by way of the electrical lead 11, the electrical conductors 27 and 29 of the bimetal switch 23 and the bimetal switch 31 or the bypass member 33 as will be explained hereinafter.
Alternatively, the electrical disconnect switch 23 may be in the form of a bimetal switch 31 having either a substantially U-shaped or straight configuration which would be located within the lamp envelope. Although a hermetically sealed glass bottle 25 having a gas fill is preferable, the switch 31 may have an insulating cover or be disposed within a bottle merely shielding the switch 31 from the electrode 21. Also, it is conceivable that the electrical disconnect switch 23 could be of a form wherein the electrical conductors 27 and 29 exit from opposite ends of the glass bottle 25.
As to manufacture, it is well known that the glass envelope 5 has the glass stem member 9 inserted therein and sealed thereto. Accordingly, it has been found most expedient to position the electrode disconnect switch 23 in a manner such that the switch 23 is located between and does not extend beyond a pair of substantially parallel planes extending in a direction normal to the longitudinal axis of the electrode 21 and intercepting the ends of the electrode 21. Thus, it has been found that the electrode disconnect switch 23 is not normally disturbed when the envelope 5 is telescoped over the electrode 21 since the disconnect switch 23 does not extend beyond the planes normal to the axis of the electrode 21 and passing at the ends of the electrode 21.
As to operation of the electrode disconnect switch 23, it is known that the previously-mentioned alkali earth oxides on the electrode 21 are derived from a coating of carbonates during the manufacturing process. Normally, this process is effected by applying current to the electrical leads 11 and 13 in an amount sufficient to raise the temperature of the electrode to about 1700°C.
However, the bimetal switch 31, which is normally closed at room temperatures in a 40- watt lamp, tends to operate or open at a temperature in the range of about 140 to 180°C. Thus, the process temperatures employed to bake and seal the envelope 5 to the glass stem member 9 would tend to activate the bimetal switch 31. Moreover, current applied to the leads 11 and 13 would fail to effect the desired 1700°C. temperature of the electrode 21 for processing the carbonates thereon since the bimetal switch 31 is operational and would interrupt the process.
In order to achieve this desired processing of the electrode 21 during manufacture, a bypass member 33 of a refractory material, such as molybdenum or stainless steel, is connected across the electrical conductors 27 and 29 of the electrical disconnect switch 23. This bypass member 33 is of a meltable material and in response to an electrical pulse potential, such as a pulse from a 270 microfarad capacitor charged to 300 V D.C., is removed or melted away after processing the carbonates to provide the desired electrode disconnect switch 23 capability.
Additionally, it has been found that the position of the electrode disconnect switch 23 with respect to the electrode 21 within the lamp envelope 5 is important. Since rapid start fluorescent lamps may be of different wattages and of a length of 91.44, 121.92, 182.88 or 243.84 cm (3, 4, 6 or 8- feet) for example, it has been found that the electrode disconnect switch 23 should be spaced at least one millimeter from the electrode 21. Also, the electrode disconnect switch 23 should be of a material and configuration to operate at temperatures in the range of about 75°C to 300°C depending upon the capacity of the lamp and the location of the disconnect switch 23 with respect to the electrode 21. More specifically, it has been found that a normal 121.92 cm (4-foot), 40-watt fluorescent lamp preferably has an electrode disconnect switch 23 such that the average spacing, X of Fig. 2, between the switch 23 and the electrode 21 is not less than about 8.0 mm. and not more than about 14.0 mm. Moreover, the temperature necessary to operate the electrode disconnect switch 23 in the above-mentioned 40- watt lamp is in the range of about 140°C to about 180°C.
Finally, it is to be noted that curve A of the comparison chart for a 40-watt rapid start fluorescent lamp of Fig. 3 provides a comparison of relative lamp life in percentages, with the average distance of the electrode disconnect switch 23 from the electrode 21. As can readily be seen, the relative lamp life increases at a relatively rapid rate as the spacing between the disconnect switch 23 and electrode 21 increases. However, this increased lamp life tends to level off at a spacing of about 8.0 mm. Moreover, tests indicate that a spacing between the switch 23 and electrode 21 of greater than about 14.0 mm. in a 40-watt rapid start fluorescent lamp creates problems in achieving the desired temperatures consistent with proper operation of the disconnect switch 23.
Thus, there has been provided a rapid start fluorescent lamp which includes an electrode disconnect switch having a capability for effecting desired processing of an electrode as well as disconnection thereof during operational use of the lamp. Also, the electrode disconnect switch is positioned such that interference thereof with the joining of an envelope and stem member is not a problem and provision is made for removing the electrode heating capability during manufacture.

Claims

1. A rapid start fluorescent lamp having an envelope (5) with a phosphor-coated inner wall surface (7), a low pressure fill gas, an electrode (21) within each end of the envelope (5), a pair of electrically conductive leads (11, 13) passing through each end of said envelope (5) for coupling each of said electrodes (21) to an energization source, an electrode disconnect switch (23) affixed to at least one of said pairs of electrical leads (11, 13) associated with at least one of said electrodes (21) within said envelope (5), said electrode disconnect switch (23) including a bimetal switch (31) normally closed at room temperature and open at a predetermined temperature higher than room temperature and spaced at least one millimeter from the appertaining electrode (21), a pair of electrical conductors (27, 29) coupled to said bimetal switch (31), one of the conductors (27, 29) being connected to one of the electrically conductive leads (11, 13) and the other of the electrical conductors (27, 29) of said bimetal switch (31) being connected to one end of said electrode (21), whereas the other of the electrically conductive leads (11, 13) coupling the other end of said electrode (21) to said energization source, characterized in that the electrode disconnect switch (23) is located between and does not extend beyond a pair of parallel planes extending in a direction normal to the longitudinal axis of electrode (21) and intercepting the ends thereof, and that said lamp is a 40-watt lamp and said electrode disconnect switch (23) has an average spacing from said electrode (21) of not less than about 8.0 mm.

2. A rapid start fluorescent lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode disconnect switch (23) is located in a position inclined with regard to the longitudinal axis of the lamp.

3. A rapid start fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a bypass member of a refractory material is connected across the electrical conductors (27, 29) of the electrode disconnect switch (23).

4. A rapid start fluorescent lamp according to claim 2, characterized in that said electrode disconnect switch (23) has an average spacing from said electrode of not more than about 14.0 mm.

5. A rapid start fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 or 2 with a sealed glass bottle (25) enclosing the bimetal switch (31), characterized in that the bottle contains a fill gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and noble gases.