EP0124340B1 - Apparatus for tensioning bolts and studs - Google Patents
Apparatus for tensioning bolts and studs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0124340B1 EP0124340B1 EP19840302770 EP84302770A EP0124340B1 EP 0124340 B1 EP0124340 B1 EP 0124340B1 EP 19840302770 EP19840302770 EP 19840302770 EP 84302770 A EP84302770 A EP 84302770A EP 0124340 B1 EP0124340 B1 EP 0124340B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stud
- bolt
- recess
- hydraulic fluid
- head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B29/00—Accessories
- B25B29/02—Bolt tensioners
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydraulically operable device for applying tension to solid bolts and studs in bolted flange joints, such as for example in joints employed in off-shore structures.
- Hydraulically operable devices have been used to tension solid bolts or studs in flanged joints, for example in steam turbine casings. These comprise a device having a body portion which includes an annular piston surrounding the bolt or stud extending through the flange, and a puller member which is screwed onto a threaded extension of the bolt or stud.
- the annular piston is urged against the flange by hydraulic fluid under pressure in order to tension the bolt or stud and the nut on the bolt or stud is screwed down against the flange in order to maintain the tension when the hydraulic pressure is removed.
- a stud manipulating device incorporating a hydraulically operable device of this type is disclosed in EP-A-0,009,973.
- a tensioning device is known in accordance with the prior art portion of Claim 1 from US Patent No. 4,020,720 in which the puller member has circumferentially spaced hook portions arranged to engage corresponding circumferentially spaced inclined projections on a washer integral with a nut on the bolt for tensioning the bolt.
- the hook portions are arranged to engage a member mounted on the nut to transmit rotation of the puller member to the nut for tightening the nut to maintain the tension.
- the present invention as defined in the Claims is intended to remedy this drawback. It solves the problem of how to ensure the required engagement between the puller member and the stud is obtained before the admission of the hydraulic fluid pressure by the provision of means for controlling the admission of hydraulic fluid pressure to the recess to tension the bolt or stud and a safety interlock device for controlling actuation of the means for controlling the admission of the hydraulic fluid pressure to the recess, the safety interlock device comprising a spring biassed keying member mounted in the puller member for axial movement relative thereto and having location means at one end for engagement with complementary location means on the head of the bolt or stud to permit actuation of the means for controlling the admission of hydraulic fluid pressure to the recess to tension the bolt or stud only when the respective connection means of the puller member and stud are engaged.
- the main advantage of the invented apparatus is that the admission of hydraulic fluid before the puller member and stud are properly engaged is prevented by means of the interlock device which prevents actuation of the means controlling the admission of the hydraulic fluid until the proper engagement is obtained whereupon the interlock device is released to permit actuation of the means controlling the admission of the hydraulic fluid.
- the keying member interlocks with an air valve which controls the supply of compressed air to an airdriven hydraulic pump such that the air valve can only be opened when the tensioning device is correctly located on the bolt or stud and the puller member is in engagement with the head of the bolt or stud.
- the bayonet type connection is provided by a plurality of axially aligned sets of intermittent circumferential teeth on the puller member arranged to engage a corresponding plurality of axially aligned sets of intermittent circumferential teeth on the head of the bolt or stud.
- Such multiple axial connection will withstand heavy axial thrust.
- the mating faces of the teeth may extend perpendicular to the axis of the puller member and of the bolt or stud with the other faces having a slope of about 45° to such axes.
- both faces may be set at an angle, for example about 30°, to the horizontal. In this way the teeth mate with each other.
- the keying member may, for example, have an elongated rectangular, square or cruciform projection which mates with a matching keyway or recess in the head of the bolt or stud.
- the keying member may be recessed to mate with a projection on the head of the bolt or stud.
- the tensioning device may have a body portion consisting of a plurality of coaching components which together define the annular recess and form the abutment member.
- the body portion may be integral and shaped to define the annular recess between itself and the puller member.
- the puller member is provided with means for attachment to, or support by, the body portion at the end distant from the bolt or stud.
- a solid annular seal of a plastics material such as polyurethane is located at the bottom of the or each annular recess, and serves to prevent the leakage of hydraulic fluid.
- An annular tyre into which the hydraulic fluid is admitted to effect pressurisation may also be used but in general has insufficient strength for tensioning large bolts or studs.
- a jacking device 10 for tensioning the stud 2 has a body portion 11 having an annular recess 12 with parallel axially directed side walls 13.
- An annular seal 14 is located in the recess 12 between the bottom thereof and an abutment member comprising a piston 15 slidably received in the recess 12.
- a passage 16 extends through the body portion 11 for the introduction of pressure liquid from the exterior into the recess 12.
- a puller member 17 mounted in the piston 15 is a puller member 17 attached to the body portion 11 by screw thread 19.
- the puller member 17 is shown with internal bayonet type connecting means 18 comprising two lugs 20 which engage with the lugs 6 on the stud head 5.
- the puller member 17 also incorporates a safety interlock device 21, shown in more detail in Figure 3.
- the interlock device 21 shown in Figure 3 comprises a spring biassed keying member 21 in the form of a rod 22 slidably mounted in the puller member 17 and resiliently biassed towards the stud head 5.
- the rod 22 has a projection 21 a at the lower end which engages, in use, with the keyway 7 in the stud head 5 only when the jacking device 10 is correctly positioned with the lugs 20 of the puller member 17 in engagement with the lugs 6 on the stud head 5.
- an air valve 23 fitted with a flanged bush 24 to the upper end of which is attached an operating handle 27 for the air ' vatve 23.
- the bush 24 has a slot 25a which extends generally in the axial direction and a local circumferential slot 25b extending from the axial slot 25a.
- return springs 30 which act between the piston 15 and puller member 17 to restore the position of the jacking device 10 when the hydraulic operating pressure is released.
- Hydraulic fluid at high pressure is admitted to the recess 12 in the body portion 11 via passage 16.
- the seal 14 serves to prevent leakage of oil from the annular recess 12.
- the pressure urges the piston 15 against the top face of the flanged connection 1 and the load generated is reacted by the stud 2 through the engagement of the puller member 17 with the stud head 5 thereby stretching the stud 2 within its elastic limit.
- the operating handle 27 is then returned to its original position shutting of the air and automatically releasing the hydraulic pressure whereupon the jacking device 10 is restored to its original position under the action of the return springs 30 leaving the stud 2 in tension.
- the jacking device 10 may then be removed from the stud 2 ready for use on further studs.
- a second embodiment of a jacking device 40 having a body portion consisting of a piston 41a, 41b joined by a keep plate 42, and an inner ring 43 defining with the piston 41b two annular recesses 44,45 each having a respective annular seal 46,47 located at the bottom.
- a nut 48 retains the body portion in place and is fastened by screw threads 49 to a puller member 50 and means for the supply of pressure fluid is provided as described for the first embodiment shown in Figure 3.
- the puller member 50 has an internal bayonet type connecting means 51 which consists of a plurality of axially aligned sets of intermittent circumferential teeth 52 which mate with corresponding sets of teeth 53 on the head of a stud 54 to be tensioned. It will be seen that the mating faces of the teeth 52, 53 are perpendicular to the axis of the puller member 50 and of the stud 54 and that the other faces have a 45° slope relative to such axes. The engagement of the teeth 52, 53 is more clearly shown in Figure 5.
- the puller member 50 also incorporates a safety interlock device 55 comprising a spring biassed keying member 55 having a square ended projection 56 at one end which engages with a matching square recess in the stud head.
- the other end of the keying member 55 operates an air valve (not shown) as described for the first embodiment shown in Figure 3.
- This jacking device 40 operates in the same way as the jacking device 10 previously described with reference to Figures 1 to 3.
- the teeth 52 of the puller member 50 engage with the teeth 53 of the stud 54, and it is only when this engagement is correctly achieved that the projection 56 on the keying member 55 engages with the recess 57 in the stud head.
- the reacting forces lead to stretching of the stud 54 and the nut (not shown) is tightened as described before to maintain the tension on release of the hydraulic pressure.
- FIG. 6 there is shown a third embodiment of jacking device 60 having a body portion 61 with an integral piston and which defines two arinular recesses 62, 63 between itself and a puller member 64.
- hydraulic fluid is admitted to the recesses 62, 63 via inlet means 68 only after engagement of the projection on the keying member in the recess in the stud head as allowed when the correct engagement between the puller member 64 and the stud head is obtained.
- the pressure in the recesses 62,63 urges the body portion 61, with its integral piston, against the top face of the flanged connection.
- the reaction through the puller member 64 stretches the stud and the nut (not shown) is tightened as described before to maintain the tension on release of the hydraulic pressure.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Hand Tools For Fitting Together And Separating, Or Other Hand Tools (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a hydraulically operable device for applying tension to solid bolts and studs in bolted flange joints, such as for example in joints employed in off-shore structures.
- Torque tightening of solid bolts or studs is time consuming and leads, frequently, to galling problems between mating surfaces. There is also a lack of predictability of the load in the torque- tightened bolt.
- Hydraulically operable devices have been used to tension solid bolts or studs in flanged joints, for example in steam turbine casings. These comprise a device having a body portion which includes an annular piston surrounding the bolt or stud extending through the flange, and a puller member which is screwed onto a threaded extension of the bolt or stud. The annular piston is urged against the flange by hydraulic fluid under pressure in order to tension the bolt or stud and the nut on the bolt or stud is screwed down against the flange in order to maintain the tension when the hydraulic pressure is removed.
- A stud manipulating device incorporating a hydraulically operable device of this type is disclosed in EP-A-0,009,973.
- It has also been proposed in GB-A-1,467,234 to use a beam member in which spaced cylindrical pistons and cylinders are used in order to tension a bolt or stud. US-A-3,917,224 US-A-4,012,826 also relate to tensioning devices for screw- threaded fasteners.
- Whilst all such tensioning devices involve the "pulling" of the bolt or stud in order to tension it, and do not involve "lifting", they are frequently known in the industry as jacks or jacking devices.
- It has been found with such devices that the location of the puller member on the threaded stud is time consuming, and it is not possible to readily ascertain whether sufficient thread engagement has been achieved before the admission of the hydraulic fluid pressure.
- A tensioning device is known in accordance with the prior art portion of Claim 1 from US Patent No. 4,020,720 in which the puller member has circumferentially spaced hook portions arranged to engage corresponding circumferentially spaced inclined projections on a washer integral with a nut on the bolt for tensioning the bolt. In addition, the hook portions are arranged to engage a member mounted on the nut to transmit rotation of the puller member to the nut for tightening the nut to maintain the tension.
- Whilst this arrangement avoids the time consuming threaded engagement above-described and permits rotation of the nut only when the puller member and washer are engaged, it does not prevent the admission of hydraulic fluid if the puller member and washer are not properly engaged.
- The present invention as defined in the Claims is intended to remedy this drawback. It solves the problem of how to ensure the required engagement between the puller member and the stud is obtained before the admission of the hydraulic fluid pressure by the provision of means for controlling the admission of hydraulic fluid pressure to the recess to tension the bolt or stud and a safety interlock device for controlling actuation of the means for controlling the admission of the hydraulic fluid pressure to the recess, the safety interlock device comprising a spring biassed keying member mounted in the puller member for axial movement relative thereto and having location means at one end for engagement with complementary location means on the head of the bolt or stud to permit actuation of the means for controlling the admission of hydraulic fluid pressure to the recess to tension the bolt or stud only when the respective connection means of the puller member and stud are engaged.
- The main advantage of the invented apparatus is that the admission of hydraulic fluid before the puller member and stud are properly engaged is prevented by means of the interlock device which prevents actuation of the means controlling the admission of the hydraulic fluid until the proper engagement is obtained whereupon the interlock device is released to permit actuation of the means controlling the admission of the hydraulic fluid.
- Preferably the keying member interlocks with an air valve which controls the supply of compressed air to an airdriven hydraulic pump such that the air valve can only be opened when the tensioning device is correctly located on the bolt or stud and the puller member is in engagement with the head of the bolt or stud.
- The bayonet type connection may be of the conventional type in which radially extending lugs on the puller member are arranged to engage co-operating lugs on the head of the bolt or stud.
- Preferably, however, the bayonet type connection is provided by a plurality of axially aligned sets of intermittent circumferential teeth on the puller member arranged to engage a corresponding plurality of axially aligned sets of intermittent circumferential teeth on the head of the bolt or stud. Such multiple axial connection will withstand heavy axial thrust.
- The mating faces of the teeth may extend perpendicular to the axis of the puller member and of the bolt or stud with the other faces having a slope of about 45° to such axes. Alternatively both faces may be set at an angle, for example about 30°, to the horizontal. In this way the teeth mate with each other.
- The keying member may, for example, have an elongated rectangular, square or cruciform projection which mates with a matching keyway or recess in the head of the bolt or stud. Alternatively, the keying member may be recessed to mate with a projection on the head of the bolt or stud.
- The tensioning device may have a body portion consisting of a plurality of coaching components which together define the annular recess and form the abutment member. However, the body portion may be integral and shaped to define the annular recess between itself and the puller member. The puller member is provided with means for attachment to, or support by, the body portion at the end distant from the bolt or stud. Preferably a solid annular seal of a plastics material such as polyurethane is located at the bottom of the or each annular recess, and serves to prevent the leakage of hydraulic fluid. An annular tyre into which the hydraulic fluid is admitted to effect pressurisation may also be used but in general has insufficient strength for tensioning large bolts or studs.
- Embodiments according to the invention will now be described by reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- FIGURE 1 is a view in section of an apparatus according to the present invention for tensioning a stud shown as a fastener for a flanged connection;
- FIGURE 2 is a view of the stud used in Figure 1;
- FIGURE 3 is a section of a first embodiment of the invention incorporating an air valve system;
- FIGURE 4 is a section of a second embodiment of the invention;
- FIGURE 5 is a cross-section on the line A-A of Figure 4; and
- FIGURE 6 is a section of a third embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 1 shows a flanged connection 1 provided with a
stud 2 to be tensioned therethrough. Thestud 2 is anchored at its lower end by anut 3 or other suitable means. A further nut 4 is located adjacent the head end for transmitting the clamp load on the flanges. - Figure 2 shows in more detail the
head 5 of thestud 2 which is of the bayonet type. Thehead 5 is shown with twolugs 6, although more may prove desirable. Atransverse keyway 7 is located in thehead 5. - A
jacking device 10 for tensioning thestud 2 has abody portion 11 having anannular recess 12 with parallel axially directedside walls 13. Anannular seal 14 is located in therecess 12 between the bottom thereof and an abutment member comprising apiston 15 slidably received in therecess 12. Apassage 16 extends through thebody portion 11 for the introduction of pressure liquid from the exterior into therecess 12. - The
piston 15 is of sufficient length to abut the top face of the flanged connection 1 when located over thestud head 5 and its inner diameter is of such size as to allow free axial movement of the nut 4. A radial slot, not shown, through the wall of theannular piston 15 allows access to the nut 4 for turning it. - Mounted in the
piston 15 is apuller member 17 attached to thebody portion 11 byscrew thread 19. Thepuller member 17 is shown with internal bayonet type connecting means 18 comprising twolugs 20 which engage with thelugs 6 on thestud head 5. Thepuller member 17 also incorporates asafety interlock device 21, shown in more detail in Figure 3. - The
interlock device 21 shown in Figure 3 comprises a spring biassedkeying member 21 in the form of arod 22 slidably mounted in thepuller member 17 and resiliently biassed towards thestud head 5. - The
rod 22 has a projection 21 a at the lower end which engages, in use, with thekeyway 7 in thestud head 5 only when thejacking device 10 is correctly positioned with thelugs 20 of thepuller member 17 in engagement with thelugs 6 on thestud head 5. - At the upper end of the
rod 22 is located anair valve 23 fitted with a flanged bush 24 to the upper end of which is attached anoperating handle 27 for the air'vatve 23. - The bush 24 .has a slot 25a which extends generally in the axial direction and a local circumferential slot 25b extending from the axial slot 25a.
- The
rod 22 has a cross key 26 located to slide in the axial slot 25a whereby, in use, thehandle 27 can only be moved in the horizontal plane to operate theair valve 23 when the cross key 26 is aligned with and can slide in the circumferential slot 25b. This can only occur when the projection 21 a on the end of therod 22 is correctly engaged in thekeyway 7 on thestud head 5. - Also shown in Figure 3 are return
springs 30 which act between thepiston 15 andpuller member 17 to restore the position of thejacking device 10 when the hydraulic operating pressure is released. - In operation, when the
lugs 20 of thepuller member 17 of thejacking device 10 are correctly engaged with thelugs 6 on thestud head 5, the projection 21a on therod 22. of the keyingmember 21 mounted in thepuller member 17 engages thekeyway 7 in thestud head 5 allowing thehandle 27 to be operated to open theair valve 23 and thereby start the air operated hydraulic pump (not shown). - Hydraulic fluid at high pressure is admitted to the
recess 12 in thebody portion 11 viapassage 16. Theseal 14 serves to prevent leakage of oil from theannular recess 12. The pressure urges thepiston 15 against the top face of the flanged connection 1 and the load generated is reacted by thestud 2 through the engagement of thepuller member 17 with thestud head 5 thereby stretching thestud 2 within its elastic limit. - With the
stud 2 in the stretched state, the nut 4 is turned and nipped tight to maintain the tension by means of a tommy bar (not shown) inserted through the slot in the wall of thepiston 15. - The operating
handle 27 is then returned to its original position shutting of the air and automatically releasing the hydraulic pressure whereupon the jackingdevice 10 is restored to its original position under the action of the return springs 30 leaving thestud 2 in tension. The jackingdevice 10 may then be removed from thestud 2 ready for use on further studs. - Referring to Figures 4 and 5, a second embodiment of a jacking
device 40 is shown having a body portion consisting of a piston 41a, 41b joined by akeep plate 42, and aninner ring 43 defining with the piston 41b twoannular recesses annular seal - A
nut 48 retains the body portion in place and is fastened byscrew threads 49 to apuller member 50 and means for the supply of pressure fluid is provided as described for the first embodiment shown in Figure 3. - The
puller member 50 has an internal bayonettype connecting means 51 which consists of a plurality of axially aligned sets of intermittentcircumferential teeth 52 which mate with corresponding sets ofteeth 53 on the head of astud 54 to be tensioned. It will be seen that the mating faces of theteeth puller member 50 and of thestud 54 and that the other faces have a 45° slope relative to such axes. The engagement of theteeth - The
puller member 50 also incorporates asafety interlock device 55 comprising a springbiassed keying member 55 having a square endedprojection 56 at one end which engages with a matching square recess in the stud head. The other end of the keyingmember 55 operates an air valve (not shown) as described for the first embodiment shown in Figure 3. - This jacking
device 40 operates in the same way as the jackingdevice 10 previously described with reference to Figures 1 to 3. Theteeth 52 of thepuller member 50 engage with theteeth 53 of thestud 54, and it is only when this engagement is correctly achieved that theprojection 56 on the keyingmember 55 engages with therecess 57 in the stud head. This allows the air valve to be operated as in the first embodiment to admit hydraulic fluid at high pressure to therecesses stud 54 and the nut (not shown) is tightened as described before to maintain the tension on release of the hydraulic pressure. - Referring now to Figure 6, there is shown a third embodiment of jacking
device 60 having abody portion 61 with an integral piston and which defines twoarinular recesses 62, 63 between itself and apuller member 64. - The
puller member 64 is shown with ashoulder 65 which abuts hebody portion 61 and dished disc return springs 66 are located above theshoulder 65 by retainingring 67. - The
puller member 64 mounts a safety interlock device as described for the second embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5 and the engagement between thepuller member 64, interlock device and stud to be tensioned is as described for the second embodiment. - In operation, hydraulic fluid is admitted to the
recesses 62, 63 via inlet means 68 only after engagement of the projection on the keying member in the recess in the stud head as allowed when the correct engagement between thepuller member 64 and the stud head is obtained. - The pressure in the
recesses 62,63 urges thebody portion 61, with its integral piston, against the top face of the flanged connection. The reaction through thepuller member 64 stretches the stud and the nut (not shown) is tightened as described before to maintain the tension on release of the hydraulic pressure. - Jacking devices of the present invention are particularly useful for tensioning solid bolts and studs in flanged connections in offshore structures. Thus, they are particularly useful in oil-well riser pipe connections and in tension legs. Other applications include flanged connections in turbine generators and nuclear power plant.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB838311702A GB8311702D0 (en) | 1983-04-29 | 1983-04-29 | Hydraulic jacking system |
GB8311702 | 1983-04-29 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0124340A2 EP0124340A2 (en) | 1984-11-07 |
EP0124340A3 EP0124340A3 (en) | 1986-03-05 |
EP0124340B1 true EP0124340B1 (en) | 1989-07-26 |
Family
ID=10541884
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19840302770 Expired EP0124340B1 (en) | 1983-04-29 | 1984-04-25 | Apparatus for tensioning bolts and studs |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0124340B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3479100D1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB8311702D0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4142990C2 (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1998-03-19 | Westfalia Nukleartechnik Gmbh | Screwdriver for screwing the lid of pressure vessels u. Like., In particular of reactor pressure vessels |
KR101378657B1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-03-26 | 현대위아 주식회사 | Safety fence for press |
DE102018107657A1 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-02 | Frank Hohmann | Device for tightening screw connections |
DE102018109703A1 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-10-24 | SCHAAF GmbH & Co. KG | Mounting arrangement for bracing fasteners at least comprising a rotation |
CN110293392B (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2021-08-27 | 苏州博瑞达智能设备有限公司 | Double-nut locking and assembling mechanism |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4020720A (en) * | 1975-06-04 | 1977-05-03 | Kaneharu Fujii | Apparatus for tightening high-strength steel bolts |
DE2825300C3 (en) * | 1978-06-09 | 1981-12-24 | Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg | Jig |
DE2965384D1 (en) * | 1978-10-03 | 1983-06-16 | Pilgrim Eng Dev | Stud manipulating device |
DE2900296A1 (en) * | 1979-01-05 | 1980-07-24 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Modified tip region for screwdriver - has screwdriver blade enclosed in body with radial guide surfaces enveloping screw head |
US4433828A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1984-02-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Reactor vessel stud closure system |
-
1983
- 1983-04-29 GB GB838311702A patent/GB8311702D0/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-04-25 DE DE8484302770T patent/DE3479100D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-25 EP EP19840302770 patent/EP0124340B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0124340A2 (en) | 1984-11-07 |
EP0124340A3 (en) | 1986-03-05 |
GB8311702D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
DE3479100D1 (en) | 1989-08-31 |
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