EP0121585A1 - Chlor-Elektrolysezelle mit Serien-Elektrolytdurchlauf - Google Patents

Chlor-Elektrolysezelle mit Serien-Elektrolytdurchlauf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0121585A1
EP0121585A1 EP83103528A EP83103528A EP0121585A1 EP 0121585 A1 EP0121585 A1 EP 0121585A1 EP 83103528 A EP83103528 A EP 83103528A EP 83103528 A EP83103528 A EP 83103528A EP 0121585 A1 EP0121585 A1 EP 0121585A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
anolyte
catholyte
cells
flow
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EP83103528A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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John Rex Pimlott
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Dow Chemical Co
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Dow Chemical Co
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Priority to EP83103528A priority Critical patent/EP0121585A1/de
Publication of EP0121585A1 publication Critical patent/EP0121585A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes

Definitions

  • U.S. Patent 4,057,474 discloses a bank of cationic permselective membrane cells operated with series (cell-to-cell) flow of the catholyte.
  • the cell is illustrated as having flat monopolar electrodes.
  • the present invention resides in an electrolytic cell to provide electrolyte series flow in banks of membrane cells, especially those of bipolar electric conduction.
  • the present invention also provides for electrolyte series flow in such membrane cells wherein the electrolyte flow from cell-to-cell is taken from a level above or near the tops of the electrodes of one cell and introduced to a level below the tops of the electrodes in the next cell in sequence.
  • the invention further provides for electrolyte series flow in such cells by taking the electrolyte from de-gassing compartments located atop the cells and introducing the electrolyte to the next succeeding cell at a location which is preferably below the top of the electrodes.
  • Another feature of the invention is to provide novel de-gassing compartments for installation atop specially designed cell banks, the de-gassing compartments containing means for causing electrolyte from a given cell to flow through down-comers in the next succeeding cell in the bank, the gases in the de-gassing compartments being preferably removed cumulatively.
  • Banks or series of chlor-alkali membrane cells are provided with means for flowing electrolyte from cell-to-cell in a manner such that electrolyte from a cell is taken from a point near the top or above the vertical electrodes in the cell and introduced to the corresponding electrolyte section in the next succeeding cell, preferably at a location below the top of the electrodes, the last cell of the series having flow means for removing the electrolyte to its subsequent destination.
  • the invention resides in a bank or series of chlor-alkali electrolytic cells, wherein each cell comprises at least one electrode pair separated by a cation permselective, substantially hydraulically impermeable membrane, with means for flowing catholyte from cell-to-cell sequentially, and inlet and outlet means for flowing anolyte to and from each of said cells, characterized by
  • the invention also resides in means for flowing the anolyte from cell-to-cell sequentially, said means comprising
  • the banks (or series) of cells useful in the present invention are defined as monopolar or bipolar chlor-alkali membrane cells having vertically-disposed anodes and cathodes, wherein the electrodes are of a pocket or flat plate design, separated by a membrane.
  • the membranes are cationic permselective and are substantially hydraulically-impermeable.
  • the cells when installed as a bank of cells, are preferably "bipolar" in that electrical current flow occurs through conductors which are connected to the anodes of one cell and to the cathodes of the next adjacent cell, such as in U.S. Patent No. 2,282,058.
  • the space within each of the pocket-cathodes communicates (through ports in the cathode-plate) with the catholyte compartment and is, therefore, a part of the catholyte compartment.
  • Electrochemical current flow is from the cathode, by way of the bipolar electric coupling to the anode of the next adjacent cell and so on until the circuitry is completed by current flow from the last cathode or cathode-plate in the bank of cells.
  • the bank or series of cells may comprise any plural number of cells when the bipolar method of conducting electric current from cell-to-cell is used.
  • the practical limit to the number of cells in a series is decided more by frictional factors (pressure drop) of the electrolyte liquors and by the practical volumetric limit of the flow means required to handle the quantity of liquors, than by the electrical considerations.
  • a practical range is usually from 2 to 10 cells in a series, with 3 to 7 being preferred. Most preferably, a series of 5 cells is employed.
  • the series flow also sometimes called a "cascade" flow
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of a cathode-plate (1), a pocket-cathode (5), an anode 11, and an anode-plate (14).
  • the cathode-plate (1) is shown as a metal plate (2) having sufficient thickness or construction to remain rigid in service.
  • Bolt holes (3) and ports (4) are provided in the plate.
  • the pocket-cathode (5) is shown as a foraminous metal (8) which is bent or folded back to form two substantially parallel sides, the top end and bottom end being closed by metal portions (7) which may also be foraminous, the remaining side (or edge) being closed by a rigid member (7a) which is provided with studs or bolts (10) and through which extend ports (9) to permit liquid flow to and from the inner space of the pocket-cathode (5).
  • the cathode ports (9) are aligned with cathode-plate ports (4) when the bolts (10) are positioned in the bolt holes (3) when assembled.
  • the foraminous metal screen may be constructed as woven wire screen, but it may also be a punched-plate or expanded slit plate, all of which are known in the art.
  • a membrane (6) completely covers cathode (5), except for rigid member (7a) and there is normally little or no space between membrane (6) and foraminous metal (8), depending on how tightly the membrane is installed and, at times, depending on whether the membrane stretches or shrinks during handling, storage, or operation. Complete (tight) blinding of the external surface of foraminous metal (8) by the membrane (6) is not generally recommended.
  • the cathode configuration is one in which the space within the cathode communicates only with the catholyte; communication of liquid water with anolyte is substantially prevented by the substantially hydraulically-impermeable membrane which covers the cathode on all sides except the side (or edge) which is attached to the cathode plate (1).
  • the number of bolts (10) and ports (9) in the cathode construction is not critical except of course there is to be a matching number of holes (3) and ports (4) in cathode-plate (1).
  • anode (11) which comprises, preferably, a foraminous metal sheet (12) bent or folded back to form substantially parallel sides, usually leaving the upper edge and lower edge open.
  • the edge opposite the bent edge may be closed by a metal strip to which are attached studs or bolts (13) which are provided with threads at their terminal ends.
  • the bolts (13) are aligned (when assembled) with bolt holes (16) in a metal plate (15) which comprises the anode plate (14).
  • the anode may be a sheet or slab which is solid or foraminous, instead of the folded back design, as shown.
  • the cathodes (5) and anodes (11) are not required to be prepared by bending or folding a single sheet of metal back to form parallel sides, since one may also form the two sides by welding or otherwise fastening two sheets of metal to edge pieces to form the desired shape. Generally, however, the bend-back or fold-back method is preferable.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a cell-frame (20), not to scale, having a top-side (21), a first vertical side (24), a second vertical side (22) and a bottom side (23).
  • a portion of side (22) is cut-away to reveal a cross-sectional view of ridges (22a) and (22b) which protrude from the inner surfaces of all four sides.
  • the purpose of ridges (22a) and (22b) will become more apparent from Fig. 3, described hereinafter.
  • In top side (21) there are two ports (27) for flow of degassed anolyte to downcomers (29).
  • ports (27) there is at least one port (28) for anolyte (with gas) to flow upwardly (such as by gas-lift and/or mass flow) from the anolyte space within cell-frame (20).
  • anolyte with gas
  • ports (28) When the cells are assembled and in operation the anolyte with gas which flows up through ports (28) is diverted to a next adjacent cell where it is degassed and then flows back downwardly through downcomer ports (27) where the anolyte flow is channeled down the outer portion of the next anolyte chamber by the action of flow downcomers (29).
  • Flow downcomers (29) are illus - trated in Fig.
  • downcomer 2 in an "exploded" view, only one such diverter being shown, although it is easily recognized that there is, preferably, a downcomer (2.9) for each downcomer hole (27).
  • the downcomer (29) When assembled in place, the downcomer (29) is positioned to communicate directly with hole or port (27) by means of, e.g., an attachment or insert piece (29a), causing the anolyte to flow downwardly between the ridges (22a) and (22b) to a point below the upper portion of the anolyte space within cell-frame (20).
  • Other configurations for the downcomers may be employed and, in fact, it is possible to build downcomers directly into the cell-frame.
  • Ports (25) and (26) serve as catholyte flow means whereby catholyte flow travels from cell-to-cell by gravity flow down one port, say (25) in a given cell frame and by gas-lift back up the opposite port, say (26) of the same cell frame, where it then flows back down through a corresponding catholyte flow port of the next cell frame in the series.
  • the majority of the liquor carried up into the covers by gas (50 and 51 of Fig. 6) through slots (25 and 26) is returned to the catholyte compartments through slots (25 and 26), the flow being separated by weir-baffles (see 85 of Fig. 7).
  • anolyte ports (27) be located closer to the middle of top side (21) than the catholyte ports (25 and 26), substantially in a manner as shown in Figures 2 and 7.
  • FIG. 3 there is illustrated a series of three cell-frames (20), viewed in cross-section from the top.
  • each cell-frame (20) there are mounted a plurality (only 4 are shown in each frame) of anodes (11) interleaved from opposite directions with a plurality (only 3 are shown in each frame) of membrane--covered cathodes (5).
  • the cathodes (5) are assembled into place and supported by cathode-plates (1).
  • the anodes (11) are assembled into place and supported by anode-plates (14).
  • the means for attaching anodes and cathodes to their respective plates are, e.g., the bolts shown in Fig. 1.
  • Electrode bolts attaching the electrode bolts to conductive couplings (preferably copper couplings) substantially as illustrated.
  • the coupling of cathodes of one frame to the anodes of another frame carries the electric current from frame-to-frame.
  • anolyte is in anolyte portions (33) and catholyte is in catholyte portions (32) as well as within the pocket cathodes (5) which communicate, via ports (4) within cathode-plates (1) to said catholyte portions (32), substantially as illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the cathode-plates (1) are tightly sealed in place against ridges (22b) to avoid mingling of anolyte and catholyte, while anode-plates (14) are sealed in place against ridges (22a) for the same purpose.
  • the seal (or gasket) (22c) may be an inert rubber, plastic, or mastic, preferably one which is substantially inert and long-lived in the cell environment and conditions.
  • the series of cell-frames (20) are usually sealed at their conjoined faces and tightly squeezed together by a bolt-means or clamp-means (not shown) to avoid leakage from the joints. Squeezing together of the cell-frames also squeezes together the conductive couplings (e.g.
  • Area (36) is dead-space, housing only the conductive couplings carrying electric current to the first set of anodes.
  • End section (30) is a cathode buss-plate and end section (31) is an anode buss-plate.
  • the cathode-plate (1) has optionally, but preferably, a vertically-mounted baffle or flow-divider (85) which is affixed to the plate at a position outside the end cathode at each end; this flow-divider (85) extends above the cathode-plate so that when mounted in a cell-frame of Figure 2, the flow-divider (85) splits ports (25) and (26) into two portions.
  • FIG 4 is an illustration to show cell-to-cell flow, countercurrently, of anolyte and catholyte in an alternate embodiment. It illustrates that anolyte or brine is fed through conduit (40) into the top (or near the top) of the anolyte portion of cell-frame (20A) and flows from cell (20A) to cell (20B) through flow means (41), then from cell (20B) to cell (20C) through flow-means (42), then from cell (20C) through flow means (43).
  • conduit (40) into the top (or near the top) of the anolyte portion of cell-frame (20A) and flows from cell (20A) to cell (20B) through flow means (41), then from cell (20B) to cell (20C) through flow-means (42), then from cell (20C) through flow means (43).
  • the catholyte flows countercurrently to the anolyte, by entering cell (20C) as catholyte or water at flow means (44) which is at or near the top of the catholyte portion of cell (20C), then flows from cell (20C) to cell (20B) through flow means (45), then from cell (20B) to cell (20A) through flow means (46), then from (20A) through flow means (47). It will be understood, of course, that in each cell-frame the anolyte portions are separated from the catholyte portions by substantially hydraulically-impermeable membranes.
  • the cells illustrated in Fig. 4 may be of the monopolar type or may be of the bipolar type.
  • the cells in Fig. 4 need not be spread apart as illustrated, but may be closely pressed one against another such as in Fig. 3, especially when bipolar series electrical circuitry is desired.
  • Cell gases from the anolyte portions are collected in a header (48) and cell gases from the catholyte portions are collected in a header (49).
  • the levels of anolyte and catholyte in the Fig. 4 cells are controlled somewhat by the flow rates, but primarily by the locations of the flow means which carry them to and from each cell, the separations of cell gases (de-frothing) in each cell being permitted by the head space above the electrolytes in each cell.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an alternate embodiment of a kind of flow arrangement similar to that shown in Fig. 4, except that the separations of cell gases from the electrolytes in each cell are accomplished in separate compartments mounted atop the cells. Electrolytes are conveyed to the respective compartments through conduits from the anolyte portions and the catholyte portions.
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of a series of five cell-frames (20) arranged in bipolar, "filter-press" manner in order to demonstrate cooperation with novel cell covers.
  • the cell-frames (20) are of the type such as illustrated in Fig. 2, the bipolar filter-press arrangement being substantially as shown in Fig. 3.
  • catholyte cell covers (50) and (51) are conveniently arranged, respectively; to communicate with the top of a near-side of the cell series (shown here as 5 cells), and with the top of the corresponding opposed far-side of the cell-series.
  • the covers are substantially open on the underside, having the general appearance of inverted closed-end troughs.
  • cover (50) there is shown a series of "tall" spaced-apart upright baffles separated by spaces which each contain a “short” weir-type baffle.
  • Cover (51) is quite similar to cover (50), but the baffle arrangements are different; in cover (51) there is a series of "short” baffles separated by spaces which each have a "tall” baffle.
  • cover (51) has a "tall” baffle
  • the corresponding baffle directly across from it in cover (50) is a “short” baffle.
  • Anolyte-cover (52) has the general appearance of an inverted trough, but is shown here as being wider than catholyte-cover (50) or (51); it is designed in this illustration with appropriate baffles to serve the five cells (20).
  • covers (50), (51), and (52) are sealed by use of gasketing, mastic, "cell-putty” or other appropriate sealing means to avoid leakage of electrolytes from under the covers to outside the cells.
  • the ends of the cell series are “capped” by buss-plates (30) and (31) such as illustrated in Fig.
  • cathode buss-plate (30) serving as a wall portion of an end catholyte-portion
  • anode buss-plate (31) serving as a wall portion for the opposite end. Electrical circuitry is provided for the cell-series of Fig. 6 substantially in accordance with that shown in Fig. 3.
  • catholyte or water flow in the cell-series of Fig. 6 is conducted through inlet flow means (53) into the first baffled section of cover (50) from where it enters the first catholyte portion through port (26). Because it cannot flow over the tall baffle, the catholyte flow from the said first catholyte portion is forced up through port (25) into cover (51) where the catholyte flows over the "short" weir-type baffle and back down into the second catholyte portion.
  • Catholyte flow means (54) may be fitted with an adjustable leg so that the catholyte level may be adjusted above or below the anolyte level in cover (52) as the operating conditions require.
  • the anolyte level in cover (52) may also be raised or lowered by use of an adjustable leg at outlet flow means (65).
  • anolyte flows counter- currently to the catholyte flow in the cell-series, by being conducted as brine or anolyte through inlet flow means (58) and (59) which communicate with anolyte ports (27A) and (27B) in the cell which is the "last" cell with respect to catholyte flow, but which is the "first" cell with respect to the anolyte flow.
  • the anolyte in the first anolyte portion is forced up into cover (52) through anolyte ports (28) and is directed by baffling to corresponding ports (27A) and (27B) into the second anolyte portions.
  • each of the anolyte portions there are, preferably, downcomers such as shown in Fig. 2 to cause the anolyte liquor to merge with the anolyte in the cell at a point below the surface of the anolyte, preferably near the bottom of the anolyte portion.
  • the anolyte cover (52) contains corner baffles (62) to form a compartment for each of flow means (58) and (59), the area between the two corner baffles defining a space communicating with the first set of anolyte ports (28).
  • each anolyte portion It is not essential that there be more than one downcomer hole in each anolyte portion, but better anolyte mixing and circulation within each anolyte portion is achieved by having more than one downcomer hole, especially if they are oppositely disposed from each other.
  • the anolyte flowing from upcomer holes (28) is directed by baffling means (63) to the downcomer holes in the next adjacent cell through openings (60) between the baffles, this manner of anolyte flow proceeding through the cell-series until the anolyte from the final set of upcomer holes (28) flows out through flow means (65).
  • baffles (63) are solidly connected to the inner surfaces of the side walls of cover (52), but there is a common head space for cell gases above the baffles within the anolyte cover; cell gases can exit through vent (57) to a collector. Only one such vent (57) is shown, but it is within the purview of this invention to have more than one such vent in each anolyte cover.
  • Vents (55) and (56) are also provided in the catholyte covers to remove catholyte cell gases to a collector.
  • the "depleted" anolyte from flow means (65) in anolyte cover (52) may be, if desired, re-strenghtened with alkali metal halide (e.g. NaCl) and recirculated, along with any desired make-up anolyte, back to a cell series.
  • alkali metal halide e.g. NaCl
  • the baffles (63) and (64) in anolyte cover (52) there are small openings (61) at the bottom near the downcomer holes to permit some mixing of.anolyte in the downcomer area and upcomer area of a given cell. These small holes (61) recirculate the excess anolyte carried up into cover (52) by gas-lift, thus offsetting any tendency for the gas-lift to "pump-down" the anolyte level within cell (20
  • Figure 7 depicts a top view of a portion of a cell-series, not to scale, with cut-away portions, to illustrate the approximate position of the catholyte covers and anolyte cover of Fig. 6.
  • the baffles in the illustrated portion of cover (51) may, depending on which part of the cell series is considered to be depicted, represent a "short" weir-type baffles (71) and a “tall” baffle (73) or may represent “tall” baffles (71) with a “short” weir-type baffle (73).
  • a cell gasket joint (72) is depicted.
  • the long baffle (74) serves to separate the froth flowing up into the cover from the de-gassed liquor flowing back down into the cell and is generally about the same height as the "short" weir-type baffles.
  • the long baffle (74) is located above the catholyte compartment baffle (85) shown in Fig. 7 and in Fig.
  • this baffle (85) separates the upflow of froth (i.e., gas and liquor) from the downflow of liquor into the catholyte compartment, thereby obtaining some internal recirculation within each catholyte cell compartment.
  • froth i.e., gas and liquor
  • an anolyte cover (52) with a portion cut-away to reveal some of the said anolyte ports and to reveal baffles (63) which are within the cover but which rest solidly on top of frames (20A) and (20B).
  • baffles (63) The relatively small, flow holes (61) at or near the bottom of baffles (63) are also shown; these allow the excess anolyte carried up into the cover (52) in the froth gas-lift to flow back down into the cell it came out of, thereby obtaining some internal recirculation within each anolyte cell compartment. It can be seen that anolyte from upcomer holes (28) in frame (20B) is directed, by the baffles, to downcomer holes (27A) and (27B) of frame (20A).
  • a conduit or pipe (80) which may be positioned between covers (51) and (52) or which may be slightly elevated above such a position.
  • the pipe or conduit (80) may serve either to bring electrolyte to the cell series or to remove cell gases from the series; there are, obviously, many piping arrangements which may be used to carry electrolytes to and from the cell-series and to remove cell gases from the cell-series.
  • the "inverted trough" type of cell covers may, obviously, have rounded tops or other such configuration so long as there is sufficient height of the covers to provide head-space to accomodate collapse of the liquor/gas froth (i.e., for "de-frothing" or “de-gassing") which is likely to be carried into the covers through the upcomer holes, said head-space extending at least slightly above the baffles in the cell cover portion from which gases are to be removed.
  • the head-space extends the full length of each cover in order that only one gas exit is needed for the entire cover.
  • the said catholyte portion (32) of frame (20B) also communicates with catholyte within the cathodes of cell (20A) by way of ports in the cathode-plate to which the said cathodes are mounted.
  • Baffle (85) serves to separate the upflow of froth (catholyte and gas) from the downflow of excess catholyte.
  • anolyte upflow ports (28) of Fig. 2 have dimensions which provide greater than about 0.0258 cm 2 (0.004 in. 2 ) of cross-sectional flow of froth per ampere of current capacity and that the down-flow ports (27) have dimensions which provide greater than about 0.0516 cm 2 (0.002 in. 2 ) of cross--sectional flow of de-gassed anolyte per ampere of current capacity.
  • catholyte ports (25) and (26) provide essentially about the same catholyte flow capacities as used for the anolyte flow.
  • the methods and principals of the present invention are applicable in providing cell-to-cell or series-to-series flow of electrolytes in other embodiments of chlor-alkali membrane cells of monopolar or bipolar circuitry and of flat-plate electrode or pocket-electrode designs.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
EP83103528A 1983-04-12 1983-04-12 Chlor-Elektrolysezelle mit Serien-Elektrolytdurchlauf Ceased EP0121585A1 (de)

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EP83103528A EP0121585A1 (de) 1983-04-12 1983-04-12 Chlor-Elektrolysezelle mit Serien-Elektrolytdurchlauf

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EP83103528A EP0121585A1 (de) 1983-04-12 1983-04-12 Chlor-Elektrolysezelle mit Serien-Elektrolytdurchlauf

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2872677A4 (de) * 2012-07-11 2016-03-09 Ecolab Usa Inc Elektrolysezelle mit katholyt-rückführung
CN105758594A (zh) * 2016-04-19 2016-07-13 常熟理工学院 一种组合式塑料薄膜测漏装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2265875A1 (de) * 1974-04-02 1975-10-24 Ppg Industries Inc
EP0002783A2 (de) * 1977-12-30 1979-07-11 Allied Corporation Elektrolyse von wässrigen Salzlösungen
GB2026036A (en) * 1978-07-13 1980-01-30 Dow Chemical Co Series of electrolytic chlor-alkali cells for the production of hydrogen caustic alkali and chlorine
EP0053807A1 (de) * 1980-12-08 1982-06-16 Olin Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zuführen eines gesättigten Flüssigelektrolyten in eine Elektrolysezelle
US4391693A (en) * 1981-10-29 1983-07-05 The Dow Chemical Company Chlorine cell design for electrolyte series flow

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2265875A1 (de) * 1974-04-02 1975-10-24 Ppg Industries Inc
EP0002783A2 (de) * 1977-12-30 1979-07-11 Allied Corporation Elektrolyse von wässrigen Salzlösungen
GB2026036A (en) * 1978-07-13 1980-01-30 Dow Chemical Co Series of electrolytic chlor-alkali cells for the production of hydrogen caustic alkali and chlorine
EP0053807A1 (de) * 1980-12-08 1982-06-16 Olin Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zuführen eines gesättigten Flüssigelektrolyten in eine Elektrolysezelle
US4391693A (en) * 1981-10-29 1983-07-05 The Dow Chemical Company Chlorine cell design for electrolyte series flow

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2872677A4 (de) * 2012-07-11 2016-03-09 Ecolab Usa Inc Elektrolysezelle mit katholyt-rückführung
CN105758594A (zh) * 2016-04-19 2016-07-13 常熟理工学院 一种组合式塑料薄膜测漏装置
CN105758594B (zh) * 2016-04-19 2018-01-19 常熟理工学院 一种组合式塑料薄膜测漏装置

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