EP0120736B1 - Ordnance training projectile - Google Patents

Ordnance training projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0120736B1
EP0120736B1 EP19840400351 EP84400351A EP0120736B1 EP 0120736 B1 EP0120736 B1 EP 0120736B1 EP 19840400351 EP19840400351 EP 19840400351 EP 84400351 A EP84400351 A EP 84400351A EP 0120736 B1 EP0120736 B1 EP 0120736B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ammunition
tube
ordnance
shell
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19840400351
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0120736A1 (en
Inventor
Marc Reuche
Michel Schilling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Luchaire SA
Original Assignee
Luchaire SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Luchaire SA filed Critical Luchaire SA
Publication of EP0120736A1 publication Critical patent/EP0120736A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0120736B1 publication Critical patent/EP0120736B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/12—Projectiles or missiles

Definitions

  • the safety templates of most ranges do not allow the use of conventional ammunition in high-load curved shooting.
  • the range of this ammunition turns out to be too great.
  • a 155 mm shell with a hollow base fired from the 155 AU FI gun in charge 7 at the maximum range angle achieves a range of 23,300 m.
  • shooting at smaller angles of elevation to reduce the range does not solve the problem posed by the safety jigs. Indeed, in this case we increase the risk of ricochet of the shell.
  • the dimensions of the safety jigs must be multiplied by a coefficient which can go up to 1.5 in order to be free of the risks coming from possible own ricochets to a classic shell.
  • the training ammunition according to the invention is characterized according to the characterizing part of the single claim.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 are views in axial longitudinal section of ammunition according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram comparing the trajectories of a conventional munition and of an ammunition according to the invention.
  • the body of the ammunition consists of a tube 1, open at its two ends in the example treated in FIG. 1.
  • This tube is made of ordinary steel with low mechanical characteristics. Only the outside of the tube is machined, the internal surface of the tube remaining rough.
  • the weak mechanical characteristics of the steel used make it possible to make the forcing belt 2 in the steel of the shell body, which leads to the elimination of the usual operations of machining the groove, knurling of the teeth, crimping of the belt, of the finishing machining of the crimped belt and of the control operations associated therewith.
  • the body of the ammunition can be produced at the lowest cost.
  • a closure 3 closes the tube near its anterior end on which is mounted a cylindrical pot 4 closed by a plug 5 and which contains a smoke-producing substance or composition 6.
  • this composition can consist of titanium tetrachloride forming, with the air humidity, a thick white smoke, upon impact on the ground of the ammunition, which causes the destruction of the pot under the effect of its compression between the closure 3 and the ground.
  • the constitution of the ammunition in the form of a closed tube only in the vicinity of its end allows the gases of the propellant charge to develop in a chamber of large volume, which results, for a given propellant charge and a barrel, a decrease in the maximum pressure at the base (closure 3 of the ammunition), a decrease in the initial speed and a decrease in the range of the ammunition.
  • the general shape of the ammunition and the pot which equips it is such that it determines a very clear increase in the drag compared to that of the training ammunition currently used, from which result a notable decrease. range and an increase in the angle of fall, thus reducing the risk of ricochet.
  • the ammunition shown in FIG. 3 differs only from that of FIG. 1 by the fact that the body 1 and the closure 2 are in one piece obtained by any suitable means, advantageously by forging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)

Description

L'instruction du personnel militaire aux matériels d'artillerie s'effectue actuellement avec des munitions classiques, démunies de leur charge explosive, mais équipées de chargements et de dispositifs pyrotechniques permettant de visualiser l'impact (fumigène, poudre noire).The instruction of military personnel to artillery materials is currently carried out with conventional ammunition, stripped of their explosive charge, but equipped with charges and pyrotechnic devices making it possible to visualize the impact (smoke, black powder).

Deux inconvénients majeurs en résultent, spécialement en ce qui concerne les matériels d'artillerie lourde. D'abord le coût d'une munition d'instruction est élevé. S'agissant, par exemple, d'un obus de 155 mm explosif, seule la charge explosive est remplacée, dans le cas d'un obus d'instruction, par un lest inerte et une charge de poudre noire, tous les autres éléments constitutifs de l'obus restant identiques : corps d'obus, ceinture, charge supplémentaire, fusée, ... Une munition similaire est décrite par exemple dans FR-A-1077913.Two major drawbacks result, especially with regard to heavy artillery equipment. First, the cost of a training ammunition is high. For example, in the case of a 155 mm explosive shell, only the explosive charge is replaced, in the case of an instructional shell, by an inert ballast and a charge of black powder, all the other constituent elements of the shell remaining identical: shell body, belt, additional charge, rocket, ... A similar munition is described for example in FR-A-1077913.

Ensuite les gabarits de sécurité de la plupart des champs de tir ne permettent pas l'utilisation de munitions classiques en tir courbe à forte charge. En effet, lors du tir à hausse maximale, la portée de ces munitions se révèle trop importante. Par exemple, un obus de 155 mm à culot creux tiré au canon de 155 AU FI en charge 7 à l'angle de portée maximale, réalise une portée de 23 300 m. Cependant, tirer à des angles de hausse moins importants, afin de réduire la portée ne résout pas le problème posé par les gabarits de sécurité. En effet, dans ce cas on augmente le risque de ricochet de l'obus. Dans certains cas, particulièrement défavorables (angle très faible, sol dur,...) les dimensions des gabarits de sécurité doivent être multipliées par un coefficient pouvant aller jusqu'à 1,5 afin de s'affranchir des risques provenant de ricochets éventuels propres à un obus classique.Then the safety templates of most ranges do not allow the use of conventional ammunition in high-load curved shooting. In fact, when firing at maximum rise, the range of this ammunition turns out to be too great. For example, a 155 mm shell with a hollow base fired from the 155 AU FI gun in charge 7 at the maximum range angle, achieves a range of 23,300 m. However, shooting at smaller angles of elevation to reduce the range does not solve the problem posed by the safety jigs. Indeed, in this case we increase the risk of ricochet of the shell. In certain cases, particularly unfavorable (very small angle, hard ground, ...) the dimensions of the safety jigs must be multiplied by a coefficient which can go up to 1.5 in order to be free of the risks coming from possible own ricochets to a classic shell.

On peut donc dire que les tirs d'instruction sont généralement coûteux puisqu'on utilise du matériel classique et les conditions de tir sont assez restreintes puisque, si l'angle de hausse est trop faible, il y a risque de ricochet et que, pour des angles de hausse situés autour de 45°, on ne peut tirer qu'en charge faible.We can therefore say that the training shots are generally expensive since conventional equipment is used and the shooting conditions are quite limited since, if the angle of increase is too small, there is a risk of ricochet and that, for angles of rise located around 45 °, you can only shoot at low load.

La présente invention concerne une munition d'instruction pour matériel d'artillerie du type connu selon le préambule de l'unique revendication et présentant notamment les avantages suivants :

  • diminution très importante du coût de l'obus d'instruction par rapport aux obus d'exercice actuels,
  • élargissement des conditions de tir, sans augmentation des gabarits de sécurité,
  • fiabilité accrue de visualisation par absence de dispositif pyrotechnique de visualisation à l'impact habituellement utilisé.
The present invention relates to an instruction munition for artillery equipment of the type known according to the preamble of the single claim and having in particular the following advantages:
  • very significant reduction in the cost of the instructional shell compared to current practice shells,
  • widening of the shooting conditions, without increasing the safety templates,
  • increased visualization reliability by the absence of pyrotechnic impact visualization device usually used.

La munition d'instruction suivant l'invention est caractérisée selon la partie caractérisante de l'unique revendication.The training ammunition according to the invention is characterized according to the characterizing part of the single claim.

Les divers caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, de deux de ses formes possibles de réalisation. Cette description est faite en référence au dessin annexé sur lequel les Fig. 1 et 3 sont des vues en coupe longitudinale axiale de munitions suivant l'invention, et la Fig. 2 est un diagramme comparant les trajectoires d'une munition classique et d'une munition suivant l'invention.The various characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, of two of its possible embodiments. This description is made with reference to the attached drawing in which FIGS. 1 and 3 are views in axial longitudinal section of ammunition according to the invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram comparing the trajectories of a conventional munition and of an ammunition according to the invention.

Le corps de la munition est constitué par un tube 1, ouvert à ses deux extrémités dans l'exemple traité à la Fig. 1. Ce tube est en acier banal à faibles caractéristiques mécaniques. Seul l'extérieur du tube est usiné, la surface interne du tube restant brute. Les faibles caractéristiques mécaniques de l'acier utilisé permettent de réaliser la ceinture de forcement 2 dans l'acier même du corps d'obus, ce qui entraîne la suppression des opérations habituelles d'usinage de la gorge, de moletage des adents, de sertissage de la ceinture, d'usinage de finition de la ceinture sertie et des opérations de contrôle qui leur sont associées.The body of the ammunition consists of a tube 1, open at its two ends in the example treated in FIG. 1. This tube is made of ordinary steel with low mechanical characteristics. Only the outside of the tube is machined, the internal surface of the tube remaining rough. The weak mechanical characteristics of the steel used make it possible to make the forcing belt 2 in the steel of the shell body, which leads to the elimination of the usual operations of machining the groove, knurling of the teeth, crimping of the belt, of the finishing machining of the crimped belt and of the control operations associated therewith.

Ainsi, le corps de la munition peut être réalisé au moindre coût.Thus, the body of the ammunition can be produced at the lowest cost.

Une fermeture 3 obture le tube au voisinage de son extrémité antérieure sur laquelle est monté un pot cylindrique 4 fermé par un bouchon 5 et qui contient une substance ou composition fumigène 6. Avantageusement cette composition peut consister en du tétrachlorure de titane formant, avec l'humidité de l'air, une épaisse fumée blanche, lors de l'impact au sol de la munition, qui provoque la destruction du pot sous l'effet de sa compression entre la fermeture 3 et le sol.A closure 3 closes the tube near its anterior end on which is mounted a cylindrical pot 4 closed by a plug 5 and which contains a smoke-producing substance or composition 6. Advantageously, this composition can consist of titanium tetrachloride forming, with the air humidity, a thick white smoke, upon impact on the ground of the ammunition, which causes the destruction of the pot under the effect of its compression between the closure 3 and the ground.

La constitution de la munition sous la forme d'un tube fermé seulement au voisinage de son extrémité permet aux gaz de la charge propulsive de se développer dans une chambre de volume important, ce qui entraîne, pour une charge propulsive et un canon donnés, une diminution de la pression maximum au culot (fermeture 3 de la munition), une diminution de la vitesse initiale et une diminution de la portée de la munition. D'autre part, la forme générale de la munition et du pot qui l'équipe est telle qu'elle détermine une très nette augmentation de la traînée par rapport à celle des munitions d'instruction actuellement utilisées, d'où résultent une diminution notable de la portée et une augmentation de l'angle de chute, donc la diminution du risque de ricochet.The constitution of the ammunition in the form of a closed tube only in the vicinity of its end allows the gases of the propellant charge to develop in a chamber of large volume, which results, for a given propellant charge and a barrel, a decrease in the maximum pressure at the base (closure 3 of the ammunition), a decrease in the initial speed and a decrease in the range of the ammunition. On the other hand, the general shape of the ammunition and the pot which equips it is such that it determines a very clear increase in the drag compared to that of the training ammunition currently used, from which result a notable decrease. range and an increase in the angle of fall, thus reducing the risk of ricochet.

On a comparé, à ces propos, sur la Fig. 2, la trajectoire A d'une munition classique et celle B d'une munition suivant l'invention, tirées par une même arme, sous la même vitesse initiale (Vo = 400 m/s) et sous un même angle de tir (30°). Le graphique de la Fig. 2 sur lequel ont été portées en abscisse la portée et, en ordonnée, l'altitude (toutes deux en m) montre, pour la munition d'instruction usuelle A une portée surabondante (10000 m) et un angle de chute faible (36°) propre au ricochet de la munition, alors que, pour la munition B suivant l'invention, la portée est réduite à 5 000 m. (bien suffisante) avec un angle de chute s'établissant à 51°, réduisant au minimum le risque de ricochet.We have compared, in these words, in FIG. 2, the trajectory A of conventional ammunition and that B of ammunition according to the invention, fired by the same weapon, at the same initial speed (V o = 400 m / s) and at the same firing angle ( 30 °). The graph in Fig. 2 on which the range has been plotted on the abscissa and, on the ordinate, the altitude (both in m) shows, for the usual training ammunition At an overabundant range (10,000 m) and a low angle of fall (36 ° ) specific to the ricochet of the ammunition, whereas, for ammunition B according to the invention, the range is reduced to 5,000 m . (good enough) with a fall angle of 51 °, minimizing the risk of ricochet.

Il importe d'ajouter que la dotation de la munition suivant l'invention d'un pot fumigène, pour la visualisation de l'impact, en remplacement des artifices pyrotechniques habituellement utilisés, augmente la sécurité et la fiabilité de la munition suivant l'invention.It is important to add that the endowment of the munition according to the invention with a smoke pot, for visualizing the impact, replacing the pyrotechnic devices usually used, increases the safety and reliability of the ammunition according to the invention .

La munition représentée à la Fig. 3 diffère seulement de celle de la Fig. 1 par le fait que le corps 1 et la fermeture 2 sont en une seule pièce obtenue par tout moyen quelconque convenable, avantageusement par forgeage.The ammunition shown in FIG. 3 differs only from that of FIG. 1 by the fact that the body 1 and the closure 2 are in one piece obtained by any suitable means, advantageously by forging.

Claims (1)

  1. Practice ammunition for artillery equipment, consisting of a tube (1) of plain steel of low mechanical strength, characterized in that only the outer surface of the tube is machined so as to obtain in only one operation the projections which the ammunition must exhibit, in particular the thrust band (2), and in that the tube includes at the front end of it a closure (3) upon which is supported a pot (4) containing a smoke-producing composition or substance, the ammunition thus exhibiting a strong aerodynamic drag and its body forming a chamber of large volume for the development of the gases of propulsion.
EP19840400351 1983-03-11 1984-02-21 Ordnance training projectile Expired EP0120736B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8304008A FR2542442B1 (en) 1983-03-11 1983-03-11 INSTRUCTIONAL AMMUNITION FOR ARTILLERY MATERIAL
FR8304008 1983-03-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0120736A1 EP0120736A1 (en) 1984-10-03
EP0120736B1 true EP0120736B1 (en) 1987-05-06

Family

ID=9286744

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840400351 Expired EP0120736B1 (en) 1983-03-11 1984-02-21 Ordnance training projectile

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EP (1) EP0120736B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3463569D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2542442B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR371776A (en) * 1905-11-25 1907-03-15 Julien De Macar Deformable head projectile
GB461019A (en) * 1935-09-25 1937-02-09 Herbert Austin Improvements in shells for guns and in the manufacture thereof
FR828487A (en) * 1937-01-29 1938-05-18 Sageb Projectile improvements
BE518095A (en) * 1952-04-05 Energa
BE520142A (en) * 1952-07-09
FR1112602A (en) * 1954-10-16 1956-03-16 Gevelot Sa Signaling cartridge
US3485460A (en) * 1968-02-19 1969-12-23 Avco Corp Variable drag ogive
US3726495A (en) * 1970-01-20 1973-04-10 Dynamit Nobel Ag Projectile
FR2154359B1 (en) * 1971-10-01 1976-02-13 Pont S Sambre Ateliers Mecaniq

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE120736T1 (en) 1985-04-11
FR2542442A1 (en) 1984-09-14
EP0120736A1 (en) 1984-10-03
FR2542442B1 (en) 1987-01-30
DE3463569D1 (en) 1987-06-11

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