EP0119384B1 - Method for the transport of goods with a ship from an arctic harbour to an icefree harbour as well as a transportship - Google Patents

Method for the transport of goods with a ship from an arctic harbour to an icefree harbour as well as a transportship Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0119384B1
EP0119384B1 EP84100171A EP84100171A EP0119384B1 EP 0119384 B1 EP0119384 B1 EP 0119384B1 EP 84100171 A EP84100171 A EP 84100171A EP 84100171 A EP84100171 A EP 84100171A EP 0119384 B1 EP0119384 B1 EP 0119384B1
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Prior art keywords
vessel
ice
breaking
vessels
harbour
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EP84100171A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0119384A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Dipl.-Ing. Meyer
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Ruhrgas LNG Fluessigerdgas Service GmbH
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Ruhrgas LNG Fluessigerdgas Service GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE19833300898 external-priority patent/DE3300898A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19833300894 external-priority patent/DE3300894A1/en
Application filed by Ruhrgas LNG Fluessigerdgas Service GmbH filed Critical Ruhrgas LNG Fluessigerdgas Service GmbH
Publication of EP0119384A1 publication Critical patent/EP0119384A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/66—Tugs
    • B63B35/70—Tugs for pushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the transport of goods by ship from an arctic port to an ice-free port using icebreaking transport ships.
  • the invention is based, to improve the efficiency of the aforementioned method the task.
  • this method is characterized according to the invention. that the icebreaking transport ships are only used for the journeys between the arctic port and the migratory area of the seasonally shifting ice edge, while the journeys between this area and the ice-free port are carried out with ice-reinforced transport ships, the goods being transported in the area mentioned at sea from the icebreaking is transferred directly to the ice-reinforced transport ships.
  • the invention thus offers the possibility of optimizing the ice-breaking ships with regard to their ice-breaking properties and the ice-reinforced ships with regard to their driving properties in free water.
  • the cargo is reloaded in the area of the edge of the ice, as swell is not expected to hinder cargo handling.
  • the envelope can therefore be carried out safely.
  • the area of the ice rim is subject to seasonal shifts.
  • a short-term determination of the transshipment location ensures that the ships are only operated under the conditions for which they are designed.
  • a particularly advantageous development of the invention consists in that at least two ice-breaking transport ships carry out the trips between the Arctic port and the migratory region of the seasonally shifting ice edge in succession.
  • the icebreaking ships therefore operate in tandem, with the first ship breaking the channel and thus facilitating the journey for the second ship.
  • the second ship uses less propulsion energy.
  • the first ship will leave a practically ice-free channel behind it. Under these circumstances, the second ship consumes only about 5% of the propulsion energy of the first ship.
  • tandem operation increases the reliability and safety of transportation. If necessary, the first ship can tow the second ship. It is also possible to change roles at any time. Since the ships can provide mutual support, the risk of damage is reduced.
  • the ice-breaking transport ships are preferably coupled to one another in direct contact when they jointly carry out the journeys between the arctic harbor and the migratory area of the seasonally shifting ice edge. This facilitates the journey of the second ship, since on this it is no longer necessary to ensure that an adequate distance is maintained and that it breaks out of the ice-free channel. If necessary, pushing operation is also possible without further notice.
  • an ice-reinforced transport ship can be loaded simultaneously by at least two correspondingly smaller ice-breaking transport ships during the reloading.
  • the simultaneous loading of the ice-reinforced transport ship by at least two ice-breaking transport ships is preferably carried out on both sides, but there is also the possibility that the ice-breaking transport ships dock next to one another or one behind the other on one side of the ice-reinforced transport ship. In all cases, Fender ensures that no ship damage occurs. All ships are also equipped with active maneuvering devices, such as cross-beam systems.
  • At least two ice-breaking transport ships can be loaded simultaneously in the arctic port. It is particularly advantageous that the icebreaking transport ships lie in the arctic port when they are loaded at the same time or one behind the other and use their on-board loading equipment.
  • the process according to the invention is complete particularly advantageously applicable to the transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by tanker.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the remaining tanker can generate 60 to 70% of the annual output using the schedule reserves. If one of the large ice-reinforced tankers fails, a normal LNG tanker can be used. The transhipment then takes place more on the edge of the ice-covered zone.
  • the invention also provides a ship for building up a ship's association by coupling it to at least one further ship, each with corresponding convex or concave surfaces at the bow or stern (CA-A-1 043 181).
  • This transport ship is particularly well suited for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • This transport ship is characterized by a convex, essentially spherical surface forming the stern and an approximately vertical concave channel located at the bow with an essentially part-circular cross section, the radius of which corresponds to that of the spherical surface.
  • This ship can be articulated with a similar ship under direct contact - bow against stern - to carry out the tandem operation together. The contacting surfaces allow the relative movements occurring between the ships.
  • both the horizontal-axis and the vertical-axis rollers are each offset from one another.
  • the peripheral surfaces of the rollers can match the contours of the associated ones.
  • Bow or stern surfaces must be adapted.
  • the transport ship according to the invention can also be characterized by tensioning devices arranged on the bow and / or stern, the pretensioning force of which can be regulated. This makes it possible to produce an elastic bracing between two transport ships.
  • Each tensioning device can have an automatic coupling for coupling to another icebreaking transport ship.
  • the transport ship according to the invention is characterized by measuring devices arranged on the spherical surface of the stern and / or on the trough of the bow for regulating the pretensioning force to be applied by the tensioning devices during the coupled journey. On the one hand, this ensures the required firm connection and, on the other hand, prevents any overload.
  • the transport ship is characterized according to the invention by distance, speed, angle of rotation, draft and direction measuring and control devices for automatically carrying out the coupling to another icebreaking transport ship.
  • the measuring and control devices can be designed as radio direction finders. In this way, the approach of two transport ships to be coupled can be mastered very well.
  • the drive and maneuvering device can preferably be connected for common control with the drive and maneuvering device of a further icebreaking transport ship. This means that two coupled transport ships can be maneuvered as a unit.
  • the transport ship according to the invention can also be characterized by a device for receiving and burning the boil-off of at least one coupled ice-breaking transport ship in its own propulsion system.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show an icebreaking transport ship 1 with the stern 2 on the left and the bow 3 on the right.
  • the stern is formed by a convex, spherical surface 4, the center of which lies in the area of the displacement center of gravity of the transport ship.
  • At the bow there is a substantially vertical, concave groove 5 with a cylindrical cross section, the radius of which corresponds to that of the spherical surface 4.
  • the trough 5, as can be seen in FIG. 1, is convexly curved in the vertical direction, the center point of the convex curvature likewise being in the region of the displacement center of gravity of the transport ship.
  • the spherical surface 4 of the tail 2 is occupied by horizontal-axis rollers 6.
  • the trough 5 of the bow 3 is fitted with vertical-axis rollers 7.
  • the contours of the rollers 6 are adapted to the spherical surface 4.
  • the contours of the rollers 7 are adapted to the channel 5.
  • a tensioning device 8 is arranged on the stern 2 and on the bow 3.
  • the tensioning devices 8 serve to couple two transport ships together. They have automatic clutches for this. Their pretensioning force can be regulated, specifically as a function of measuring devices (not shown) which are arranged on the spherical surface 4 or on the channel 5.
  • the icebreaking transport ships can be tankers with a length of around 260 m.
  • the coupling of such ships is a difficult maneuver.
  • the transport ship 1 has distance, speed, angle of rotation, draft and direction measuring and control devices (not shown), and these measuring and control devices can be designed as radio direction finders .
  • Means are also provided for connecting the drive and maneuvering device of the transport ship 1 for common control with the drive and maneuvering device of a further icebreaking transport ship. Finally, there is the possibility of boil-off in the propulsion system of the transport ship 1. to burn a docked transport ship.
  • FIG. 6 shows the simultaneous loading of two ice-breaking transport ships 1 via a loading bridge 9 in an arctic port.
  • One of the transport ships lies at the loading bridge and is also connected to the other transport ship via the on-board loading equipment.
  • the transport ships are one behind the other, in the right part next to each other.
  • FIG. 7 shows the simultaneous reloading of two ice-breaking transport ships 1 onto a larger ice-reinforced transport ship 10.
  • the place of transshipment is the low-swell edge area of the ice-covered water.
  • the on-board loading equipment is also used here. After the left part of FIG. 7, the reloading takes place on both sides, and after the right part on one side. In the latter case there is also the possibility that the transport ships 1 are not next to each other, but next to each other.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Güter-schiffstransport von einem arktischen Hafen zu einem eisfreien Hafen unter Einsatz eisbrechender Transportschiffe.The invention relates to a method for the transport of goods by ship from an arctic port to an ice-free port using icebreaking transport ships.

Betrachtet man die Fahrstrecke zwischen der kanadischen Arktis und den eisfreien Häfen Nordamerikas und Europas, so ergibt sich, daß bei schweren Eisverhältnissen 30 bis 40 % und bei leichten Eisverhältnissen 5 bis 10 % dieser Fahrstrecke eisbedeckt sind. Im Jahresmittel liegt dieser Wert bei ca. 30 %, wovon etwa die Hälfte immerhin noch mit eisverstärkten Schiffen befahrbar ist. Im Jahresmittel sind also lediglich für 10 bis 15% der gesamten Fahrstrecke eisbrechende Schiffe erforderlich.If one looks at the route between the Canadian Arctic and the ice-free ports of North America and Europe, it follows that 30 to 40% of this route is covered by ice in heavy ice and 5 to 10% by ice. The annual average is around 30%, of which around half is still navigable with ice-reinforced ships. On average, icebreaking ships are therefore only required for 10 to 15% of the total distance traveled.

Die bisher konzipierten Pläne für den Güter-Schiffstransport von einem arktischen zu einem eisfreien Hafen sehen für die gesamte Fahrstrecke den Einsatz eisbrechender Schiffe vor (CA-A-1099155). Dadurch läßt das Transportverfahren hinsichtlich seiner Wirtschaftlichkeit zu wünschen übrig. Die Schiffe müssen in ihrer Festigkeit und in ihrer Antriebsleistung an Eisdicken von 2 bis 3 m angepaßt sein. Dadurch werden die Kapital- und Betriebskosten entsprechend hoch. Hinzu kommt, daß bei der Auslegung der Schiffe ein Kompromiß geschlossen werden muß zwischen den eisbrechenden Eigenschaften und den Fahreigenschaften im freien Wasser, insbesondere auch bei hohem Seegang. Für keine der Eigenschaften kann eine optimale Auslegung erfolgen.The plans for the transport of goods by ship from an arctic to an ice-free port, which have been designed so far, envisage the use of icebreaking ships for the entire route (CA-A-1099155). As a result, the transport process leaves something to be desired in terms of its economy. The ships' strength and drive power must be adapted to ice thicknesses of 2 to 3 m. As a result, the capital and operating costs are correspondingly high. In addition, when designing the ships, a compromise must be made between the ice-breaking properties and the driving properties in free water, especially in high seas. There can be no optimal design for any of the properties.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das eingangs genannte Verfahren in seiner Wirtschaftlichkeit zu verbessern.The invention is based, to improve the efficiency of the aforementioned method the task.

Hierzu ist dieses Verfahren erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet. daß die eisbrechenden Transportschiffe nur für die Fahrten zwischen dem arktischen Hafen und dem wandernden Bereich des sich jahreszeitlich verschiebenden Eisrandes eingesetzt werden, während die Fahrten zwischen diesem Bereich und dem eisfreien Hafen mit eisverstärkten Transportschiffen durchgeführt werden, wobei das Transportgut in dem genannten Bereich auf See von den eisbrechenden direkt auf die eisverstärkten Transportschiffe umgeladen wird.For this purpose, this method is characterized according to the invention. that the icebreaking transport ships are only used for the journeys between the arctic port and the migratory area of the seasonally shifting ice edge, while the journeys between this area and the ice-free port are carried out with ice-reinforced transport ships, the goods being transported in the area mentioned at sea from the icebreaking is transferred directly to the ice-reinforced transport ships.

Die Erfindung bietet also die Möglichkeit, die eisbrechenden Schiffe hinsichtlich ihrer eisbrechenden Eigenschaften und die eisverstärkten Schiffe hinsichtlich ihrer Fahreigenschaften im freien Wasser zu optimieren. Das Umladen des Transportgutes erfolgt im Bereich des Eisrandes, da hier keine den Umschlag behindernde Dünung zu erwarten ist. Der Umschlag kann also ungefährdet durchgeführt werden. Der Bereich des Eisrandes unterliegt jahreszeitlichen Verschiebungen. Durch kurzfristige Bestimmung des Umschlagortes wird sichergestellt, daß die Schiffe nur unter denjenigen Bedingungen betrieben werden, für die sie ausgelegt sind.The invention thus offers the possibility of optimizing the ice-breaking ships with regard to their ice-breaking properties and the ice-reinforced ships with regard to their driving properties in free water. The cargo is reloaded in the area of the edge of the ice, as swell is not expected to hinder cargo handling. The envelope can therefore be carried out safely. The area of the ice rim is subject to seasonal shifts. A short-term determination of the transshipment location ensures that the ships are only operated under the conditions for which they are designed.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß jeweils mindestens zwei eisbrechende Transportschiffe gemeinsam hintereinander die Fahrten zwischen dem arktisehen Hafen und dem wandernden Bereich des sich jahreszeitlich verschiebenden Eisrandes durchführen. Die eisbrechenden Schiffe verkehren also im Tandembetrieb, wobei das erste Schiff die Rinne bricht und damit dem zweiten Schiff die Fahrt erleichtert. Das zweite Schiff verbraucht entsprechend weniger Antriebsenergie. Es besteht ohne weiteres die Möglichkeit, daß das erste Schiff eine praktisch eisfreie Rinnen hinter sich läßt. Unter diesen Umständen verbraucht das zweite Schiffe lediglich ca. 5 % der Antriebsenergie des ersten Schiffes.A particularly advantageous development of the invention consists in that at least two ice-breaking transport ships carry out the trips between the Arctic port and the migratory region of the seasonally shifting ice edge in succession. The icebreaking ships therefore operate in tandem, with the first ship breaking the channel and thus facilitating the journey for the second ship. The second ship uses less propulsion energy. There is no problem that the first ship will leave a practically ice-free channel behind it. Under these circumstances, the second ship consumes only about 5% of the propulsion energy of the first ship.

Abgesehen davon erhöht der Tandembetrieb die Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit des Transportes. Notfalls kann das erste Schiff das zweite Schiff ins Schlepp nehmen. Auch ist jederzeit ein Rollentausch möglich. Da sich die Schiffe gegenseitig Unterstützung leisten können, sinkt das Schadensrisiko.Apart from that, tandem operation increases the reliability and safety of transportation. If necessary, the first ship can tow the second ship. It is also possible to change roles at any time. Since the ships can provide mutual support, the risk of damage is reduced.

Vorzugsweise sind die eisbrechenden Transportschiffe unter direkter Berührung miteinander gekoppelt, wenn sie gemeinsam hintereinander die Fahrten zwischen dem arktischen Hafen und dem wandernden Bereich des sich jahreszeitlich verschiebenden Eisrandes durchführen. Dies erleichtert die Fahrt des zweiten Schiffes, da auf diesem nicht mehr auf die Einhaltung eines angemessenen Abstandes und das Ausbrechen aus der eisfreien Rinne geachtet werden muß. Auch wird im Bedarfsfall ohne weiteres ein Schubbetrieb möglich.The ice-breaking transport ships are preferably coupled to one another in direct contact when they jointly carry out the journeys between the arctic harbor and the migratory area of the seasonally shifting ice edge. This facilitates the journey of the second ship, since on this it is no longer necessary to ensure that an adequate distance is maintained and that it breaks out of the ice-free channel. If necessary, pushing operation is also possible without further notice.

Erfindungsgemäß kann beim Umladen ein eisverstärktes Transportschiff gleichzeitig von mindestens zwei entsprechend kleineren eisbrechenden Transportschiffen beladen werden. Das gleichzeitige Beladen des eisverstärkten Transportschiffes durch mindestens zwei eisbrechende Transportschiffe erfolgt vorzugsweise beidseitig, jedoch besteht auch die Möglichkeit, daß die eisbrechenden Transportschiffe nebeneinander oder hintereinander an einer Seite des eisverstärkten Transportschiffes anlegen. In allen Fällen wird durch Fender dafür gesorgt, daß keine Schiffsbeschädigungen auftreten. Auch sind alle Schiffe zusätzlich mit aktiven Manövriereinrichtungen, wie Querstrahlanlagen, versehen.According to the invention, an ice-reinforced transport ship can be loaded simultaneously by at least two correspondingly smaller ice-breaking transport ships during the reloading. The simultaneous loading of the ice-reinforced transport ship by at least two ice-breaking transport ships is preferably carried out on both sides, but there is also the possibility that the ice-breaking transport ships dock next to one another or one behind the other on one side of the ice-reinforced transport ship. In all cases, Fender ensures that no ship damage occurs. All ships are also equipped with active maneuvering devices, such as cross-beam systems.

Erfindungsgemäß können in dem arktischen Hafen mindestens zwei eisbrechende Transportschiffe gleichzeitig beladen werden. Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, daß die eisbrechenden Transportschiffe in dem arktischen Hafen bei ihrer gleichzeitigen Beladung nebeneinander oder hintereinander liegen und ihre bordeigenen Ladeausrüstungen benutzen.According to the invention, at least two ice-breaking transport ships can be loaded simultaneously in the arctic port. It is particularly advantageous that the icebreaking transport ships lie in the arctic port when they are loaded at the same time or one behind the other and use their on-board loading equipment.

Durch die gleichzeitige Be- und Umladung der eisbrechenden Transportschiffe wird dafür gesorgt, daß der Tandembetrieb nicht auf Kosten der Umschlagzeiten geht.The simultaneous loading and reloading of the icebreaking transport ships ensures that tandem operations are not at the expense of handling times.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist in ganz besonders vorteilhafter Weise anwendbar auf den Transport von verflüssigtem Erdgas (LNG) mittels Tanker.The process according to the invention is complete particularly advantageously applicable to the transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by tanker.

Neben der Transportkostenersparnis ist hierbei zu berücksichtigen, daß das erfindungsgemäße Konzept erhebliche Entwicklungserleichterungen mit sich bringt. Zum einen wird mit Leistungen gearbeitet, die im normalen Bereich tiegen. Zum anderen sind die Größenunterschiede der eisbrechenden Tanker gegenüber erprobten Eisbrechern kleiner, so daß gesicherte Ergebnisse eher übernommen werden können. Schließlich lassen die kleineren eisbrechenden Tanker einen größen Modellmaßstab im Eiskanal zu, so daß die Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse ansteigt.In addition to the saving in transport costs, it must be taken into account here that the concept according to the invention brings considerable developmental simplifications. On the one hand, we work with services that are within the normal range. On the other hand, the size differences between the icebreaking tankers and the tried and tested icebreakers are smaller, so that reliable results can be adopted more easily. Finally, the smaller icebreaking tankers allow a larger model scale in the ice channel, so that the accuracy of the results increases.

Im Tandembetrieb entfällt erfindungsgemäß die Bereitstellung extrem breiter Hilfs-Eisbrecher, wie sie sonst für LNG-Eisbrecher erforderlich wären. Auch erhöht sich die Betriebssicherheit der kleineren eisbrechenden Tanker, da diese mit kleineren Ladetanks bestückt werden können.In tandem operation, according to the invention, there is no need to provide extremely wide auxiliary icebreakers, as would otherwise be required for LNG icebreakers. The operational safety of the smaller icebreaking tankers also increases, since they can be equipped with smaller cargo tanks.

Kommt es zu einem Ausfall einer der eisbrechenden Tanker, so kann der verbleibende Tanker unter Ausnutzung der Fahrplanreserven 60 bis 70 % der Jahresleistung erbringen. Bei einem Ausfall eines der großen eisverstärkten Tanker kann ein normaler LNG-Tanker zum Einsatz kommen. Der Umschlag erfolgt dann mehr am Rande der eisbedeckten Zone.If one of the icebreaking tankers should fail, the remaining tanker can generate 60 to 70% of the annual output using the schedule reserves. If one of the large ice-reinforced tankers fails, a normal LNG tanker can be used. The transhipment then takes place more on the edge of the ice-covered zone.

Die Erfindung schafft ferner ein Schiff zum Aufbau eines Schiffsverbandes durch Kopplung mit mindestens einem weiteren Schiff mit jeweils korrespondierenden konvexen bzw. konkaven Flächen an Bug bzw. Heck (CA-A-1 043 181). Als eisbrechendes Transportschiff eignet es sich besonders gut zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Dieses Transportschiff ist gekennzeichnet durch eine das Heck bildende, konvexe, im wesentlichen sphärische Fläche und eine am Bug befindliche, etwa vertikal verlaufende, konkave Rinne mit im wesentlichen teilkreisförmigen Querschnitt, dessen Radius dem der sphärischen Fläche entspricht. Dieses Schiff kann mit einem gleichartigen Schiff unter direkter Berührung - Bug gegen Heck - gelenkig gekoppelt werden, um gemeinsam den Tandembetrieb durchzuführen. Die einander berührenden Flächen lassen die zwischen den Schiffen auftretenden Relativbewegungen zu.The invention also provides a ship for building up a ship's association by coupling it to at least one further ship, each with corresponding convex or concave surfaces at the bow or stern (CA-A-1 043 181). As an ice-breaking transport ship, it is particularly well suited for carrying out the method according to the invention. This transport ship is characterized by a convex, essentially spherical surface forming the stern and an approximately vertical concave channel located at the bow with an essentially part-circular cross section, the radius of which corresponds to that of the spherical surface. This ship can be articulated with a similar ship under direct contact - bow against stern - to carry out the tandem operation together. The contacting surfaces allow the relative movements occurring between the ships.

Hierbei ergeben sich besonders günstige Verhältnisse dadurch, daß der Mittelpunkt der sphärischen Fläche des Hecks im Bereich des Verdrängungsschwerpunktes des Transportschiffes liegt und daß ggf. die Rinne am Bug in vertikaler Richtung konvex gekrümmt ist, wobei der Mittelpunkt der konvexen Krümmung im Bereich des Verdrängungsschwerpunktes des Transportschiffes liegt.Particularly favorable conditions result from the fact that the center point of the spherical surface of the stern lies in the area of the displacement center of gravity of the transport ship and that the channel at the bow is possibly convexly curved in the vertical direction, the center point of the convex curvature in the area of the displacement center of gravity of the transport ship lies.

Um Reibung und Verschleiß zu vermindern, besteht erfindungsgemäß die Möglichkeit, daß die sphärische Fläche des Hecks mit horizontalachsigen und die Rinne des Bugs mit vertikalachsigen Rollen besetzt ist.In order to reduce friction and wear, according to the invention there is the possibility that the spherical surface of the stern is occupied with horizontal-axis rollers and the groove of the bow with vertical-axis rollers.

Um bei enger Rollenbesetzung die Festigkeit nicht zu vermindern, sind sowohl die horizontaiachsigen als auch die vertikalachsigen Rollen jeweils versetzt gegeneinander angeordnet.In order not to reduce the strength in the case of narrow casters, both the horizontal-axis and the vertical-axis rollers are each offset from one another.

Die Umfangsflächen der Rollen können erfindungsgemäß den Konturen der zugehörigen . Bug- bzw. Heckflächen angepaßt sein.According to the invention, the peripheral surfaces of the rollers can match the contours of the associated ones. Bow or stern surfaces must be adapted.

Das erfindungsgemäße Transportschiff kann ferner gekennzeichnet sein durch am Bug und/ oder Heck angeordnete Spannvorrichtungen, deren Vorspannkraft regelbar ist. Dadurch läßt sich eine elastische Verspannung zwischen zwei Transportschiffen herstellen. Jede Spannvorrichtung kann eine automatische Kupplung für das Ankoppeln an ein weiteres eisbrechendes Transportschiff aufweisen.The transport ship according to the invention can also be characterized by tensioning devices arranged on the bow and / or stern, the pretensioning force of which can be regulated. This makes it possible to produce an elastic bracing between two transport ships. Each tensioning device can have an automatic coupling for coupling to another icebreaking transport ship.

Nach einem weiteren vorteilhaften Merkmal ist das erfindungsgemäße Transportschiff gekennzeichnet durch an der sphärischen Fläche des Hecks und/oder an der Rinne des Bugs angeordnete Meßvorrichtungen zur Regelung der während der gekoppelten Fahrt von den Spannvorrichtungen aufzubringenden Vorspannkraft. Hierdurch wird einerseits die erforderliche feste Verbindung sichergestellt und andererseits jegliche Überlastung vermieden.According to a further advantageous feature, the transport ship according to the invention is characterized by measuring devices arranged on the spherical surface of the stern and / or on the trough of the bow for regulating the pretensioning force to be applied by the tensioning devices during the coupled journey. On the one hand, this ensures the required firm connection and, on the other hand, prevents any overload.

Der Vorgang des Ankoppelns stellt ein äußerst schwieriges Manöver dar. Um hier für Unterstützung zu sorgen, ist das Transportschiff erfindungsgemäß gekennzeichnet durch Entfernungs-, Geschwindigkeits-, Drehwinkel-, Tiefgangs- und Richtungs-Meß- und Steuergeräte zur automatischen Durchführung der Ankopplung an ein weiteres eisbrechendes Transportschiff. Die Meß- und Steuergeräte können als Funkpeilgeräte ausgebildet sein. Auf diese Weise läßt sich die Annäherung von zwei zu koppelnden Transportschiffen sehr gut beherrschen.The coupling process is an extremely difficult maneuver. To provide support here, the transport ship is characterized according to the invention by distance, speed, angle of rotation, draft and direction measuring and control devices for automatically carrying out the coupling to another icebreaking transport ship. The measuring and control devices can be designed as radio direction finders. In this way, the approach of two transport ships to be coupled can be mastered very well.

Vorzugsweise ist die Antriebs- und Manövriereinrichtung zur gemeinsamen Steuerung mit der Antriebs- und Manövriereinrichtung eines weiteren eisbrechenden Transportschiffes verbindbar. Damit lassen sich zwei gekoppelte Transportschiffe als Einheit manövrieren.The drive and maneuvering device can preferably be connected for common control with the drive and maneuvering device of a further icebreaking transport ship. This means that two coupled transport ships can be maneuvered as a unit.

Das erfindungsgemäße Transportschiff kann ferner gekennzeichnet sein durch eine Einrichtung zur Aufnahme und Verbrennung des Boil-off mindestens eines angekoppelten eisbrechenden Transportschiffes in der eigenen Antriebsanlage.The transport ship according to the invention can also be characterized by a device for receiving and burning the boil-off of at least one coupled ice-breaking transport ship in its own propulsion system.

Wenn also zwei eisbrechende Tanker mit nur einer Antriebsanlage fahren, können dennoch Verluste an Gas vermieden werden.So if two icebreaking tankers drive with only one propulsion system, losses of gas can still be avoided.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele im Zusammenhang mit der beiliegenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt in :

  • Figur 1 als schematischen Schnitt links das Heck und rechts den Bug eines eisbrechenden Transportschiffes ;
  • Figur 2 einen schematischen Grundriß der Anordnung nach Fig. 1 ;
  • Figur 3 eine Stirnansicht des Bug-Rollenmusters ;
  • Figur 4 eine Stirnansicht des Heck-Rollenmuster ;
  • Figur 5 eine Überlagerung von Heck- und Bug-Rollenmuster ;
  • Figur 6 zwei Möglichkeiten für das gleichzeitige Beladen von zwei eisbrechenden Transportschiffen ;
  • Figur 7 zwei Möglichkeiten für das gleichzeitige Umladen des Transportgutes von zwei eisbrechenden Transportschiffen auf ein eisverstärktes Transportschiff.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawing. The drawing shows in:
  • 1 shows a schematic section of the stern on the left and the bow of an icebreaking transport ship on the right;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the arrangement of Fig. 1;
  • Figure 3 is an end view of the bow roller pattern;
  • Figure 4 is an end view of the rear roller pattern;
  • Figure 5 is an overlay of stern and bow roller patterns;
  • FIG. 6 shows two options for the simultaneous loading of two ice-breaking transport ships;
  • 7 shows two possibilities for the simultaneous reloading of the goods to be transported from two ice-breaking transport ships to an ice-reinforced transport ship.

Die Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen ein eisbrechendes Transportschiff 1 mit links liegendem Heck 2 und rechts liegendem Bug 3. Das Heck wird von einer konvexen, sphärischen Fläche 4 gebildet, deren Mittelpunkt im Bereich des Verdrängungsschwerpunktes des Transportschiffes liegt. Am Bug befindet sich eine im wesentlichen vertikal verlaufende, konkarve Rinne 5 mit zylindrischem Querschnitt, dessen Radius dem der sphärischen Fläche 4 entspricht. Die Rinne 5 ist, wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, in vertikaler Richtung konvex gekrümmt, wobei der Mittelpunkt der konvexen Krümmung ebenfalls im Bereich des Verdrängungsschwerpunktes des Transportschiffes liegt.1 and 2 show an icebreaking transport ship 1 with the stern 2 on the left and the bow 3 on the right. The stern is formed by a convex, spherical surface 4, the center of which lies in the area of the displacement center of gravity of the transport ship. At the bow there is a substantially vertical, concave groove 5 with a cylindrical cross section, the radius of which corresponds to that of the spherical surface 4. The trough 5, as can be seen in FIG. 1, is convexly curved in the vertical direction, the center point of the convex curvature likewise being in the region of the displacement center of gravity of the transport ship.

Die sphärische Fläche 4 des Hecks 2 ist mit horizontalachsigen Rollen 6 besetzt. In vergleichbarer Weise ist die Rinne 5 des Bugs 3 mit vertikaiachsigen Rollen 7 besetzt.The spherical surface 4 of the tail 2 is occupied by horizontal-axis rollers 6. In a comparable manner, the trough 5 of the bow 3 is fitted with vertical-axis rollers 7.

Aus den Fig. 3 und 4 ergibt sich, daß sowohl die Rollen 6 als auch die Rollen 7 jeweils gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind. Fig. 5 zeigt dte Überlagerung der beiden Rollenmuster, also diejenige Einstellung, die sich ergibt, wenn zwei eisbrechende Transportschiffe Bug gegen Heck miteinander gekoppelt sind.3 and 4 that both the rollers 6 and the rollers 7 are each offset from one another. 5 shows the superimposition of the two roller patterns, that is to say the setting which results when two ice-breaking transport ships are coupled from bow to stern.

Die Konturen der Rollen 6 sind an die sphärisehe Fläche 4 angepaßt. In vergleichbarer Weise sind die Konturen der Rollen 7 an die Rinne 5 angepaßt.The contours of the rollers 6 are adapted to the spherical surface 4. In a comparable manner, the contours of the rollers 7 are adapted to the channel 5.

Auf dem Heck 2 und auf dem Bug 3 ist je eine Spannvorrichtung 8 angeordnet. Die Spannvorrichtungen 8 dienen dazu, zwei Transportschiffe miteinander zu koppeln. Sie besitzen hierzu automatische Kupplungen. Ihre Vorspannkraft ist regelbar, und zwar in Abhängigkeit von nicht dargestellten Meßvorrichtungeh, die an der sphärischen Fläche 4 bzw. an der Rinne 5 angeordnet sind.A tensioning device 8 is arranged on the stern 2 and on the bow 3. The tensioning devices 8 serve to couple two transport ships together. They have automatic clutches for this. Their pretensioning force can be regulated, specifically as a function of measuring devices (not shown) which are arranged on the spherical surface 4 or on the channel 5.

Bei den eisbrechenden Transportschiffen kann es sich um Tanker mit einer Länge von größenordnungsmäßig 260 m handeln. Die Kopplung derartiger Schiffe stellt ein schwieriges Manöver dar. Zur Unterstützung dieses Manövers besitzt das Transportschiff 1 nicht gezeigte Entfernungs-, Geschwindigkeits-, Drehtwinkel-, Tiefgangs- und Richtungs-Meß- und Steuergeräte, wobei diese Meß- und Steuergeräte als Funkpeilgeräte ausgebildet sein können.The icebreaking transport ships can be tankers with a length of around 260 m. The coupling of such ships is a difficult maneuver. To support this maneuver, the transport ship 1 has distance, speed, angle of rotation, draft and direction measuring and control devices (not shown), and these measuring and control devices can be designed as radio direction finders .

Ferner sind Mittel vorgesehen, um die Antriebs-und Manövriereinrichtung des Transportschiffes 1 zur gemeinsamen Steuerung mit der Antriebs-und Manövriereinrichtung eines weiteren eisbrechenden Transportschiffes zu verbinden. Schließlich besteht die Möglichkeit, in der Antriebsanlage des Transportschiffes 1 den Boil-off . eines angekoppelten Transportschiffes zu verbrennen.Means are also provided for connecting the drive and maneuvering device of the transport ship 1 for common control with the drive and maneuvering device of a further icebreaking transport ship. Finally, there is the possibility of boil-off in the propulsion system of the transport ship 1. to burn a docked transport ship.

Fig. 6 zeigt das gleichzeitige Beladen zweier eisbrechender Transportschiffe 1 über eine Verladebrücke 9 in einem arktischen Hafen. Eines der Transportschiffe liegt an der Verladebrücke an und steht außerdem über die bordeigenen Ladeausrüstungen mit dem anderen Transportschiff in Verbindung. Im linken Teil von Fig. 6 liegen die Transportschiffe hintereinander, im rechten Teil nebeneinander.FIG. 6 shows the simultaneous loading of two ice-breaking transport ships 1 via a loading bridge 9 in an arctic port. One of the transport ships lies at the loading bridge and is also connected to the other transport ship via the on-board loading equipment. In the left part of Fig. 6, the transport ships are one behind the other, in the right part next to each other.

Fig. 7 zeigt das gleichzeitige Umladen von zwei eisbrechenden Transportschiffen 1 auf ein größeres eisverstärktes Transportschiff 10. Umschlagsort ist der dünungsarme Randbereich des eisbedeckten Wassers. Auch hier werden die bordeigenen Ladeausrüstungen benutzt. Nach dem linken Teil von Fig. 7 erfolgt das Umladen beidseitig, nach dem rechten Teil einseitig. Im letztgenannten Fall besteht außerdem die Möglichkeit, daß die Transportschiffe 1 nicht hintereinander, sondern nebeneinander liegen.FIG. 7 shows the simultaneous reloading of two ice-breaking transport ships 1 onto a larger ice-reinforced transport ship 10. The place of transshipment is the low-swell edge area of the ice-covered water. The on-board loading equipment is also used here. After the left part of FIG. 7, the reloading takes place on both sides, and after the right part on one side. In the latter case there is also the possibility that the transport ships 1 are not next to each other, but next to each other.

Claims (22)

1. A method of shipping goods by ice-breaking sea-going vessels (1) from an Arctic harbour or port to an ice-free harbour or port characterized in that said ice-breaking vessels exclusively make the passage between said Arctic harbour or port and a point close to the edge of the substantially ice-covered waters migrating during the year and sea-going vessels (10) that make the passage between said point and said ice-free harbour or port, said goods being transferred from said ice-breaking vessels to said ice-strengthened vessels at said point.
2. A method according to claim 1 characterized in that at least two such ice-breaking vessels, travelling behind each other, together make said passage between said Arctic harbour or port and said point close to the edge of the substantially ice-covered waters.
3. A method according to claim 2 characterized in that said ice-breaking vessels making said passage together are coupled together.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 through 3 characterized in that goods are simultaneously transferred from at least two such ice-breaking vessels to one such ice-strengthened vessel.
5. A method according to claim 4 characterized in that said simultaneous transfer is made from both sides of said ice-strengthened vessel.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 through 5 characterized in that at least two such ice-breaking vessels are loaded simultaneously in said Arctic harbour or port.
7. A method according to claim 6 characterized in that said ice-breaking vessels are positioned behind each other or adjacent to each other during simultaneous loading operations, on-board loading equipment being employed for said loading operations.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 through 7 characterized in that said method is applied for the shipment of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by tankers.
9. A vessel and more particularly an ice-breaking vessel for the shipment of goods for forming a convoy by coupling with at least one other ship characterized in that the stern (2) of said vessel is represented by a convex and substantially hemispherical area (4) and further characterized in that the bow (3) of said ship includes a substantially vertical and concave channel (5) of a cross section substantially representing the arc of a circle, the radius of said circle corresponding to the radius of said substantially hemispherical area (4).
10. A vessel according to claim 9 characterized in that the centre of said hemisphere is located close to the centre of buoyancy of said vessel.
11. A vessel according to claim 9 or 10 characterized in that said channel (5) in said bow (3) is convexly curved in a vertical direction, the centre of the circle of which said convexly curved channel is an arc being located close to the centre of buoyancy of said vessel (1).
12. A vessel according to any one of claims 9 through 11 characterized in that said hemi-spherical area (4) of said stern (2) is fitted with rollers
(6), the axes (4) of said rollers (6) being in the horizontal direction and in that said channel is fitted with rollers (7), the axes of said rollers (7) being in the vertical direction.
13. A vessel according to claim 12 characterized in that said rollers (6) with axes in the horizontal direction and said rollers (7) with axes in the vertically direction are displaced relative to each other.
14. A vessel according to claim 12 or 13 characterized in that the contours of the circumferential surfaces of said rollers (6, 7) conform to the contours of the corresponding surfaces (4. 5) of said stern (2) and of said bow (3) respectively.
15. A vessel according to any one of claims 9 through 14 characterized in that said bow (3) and/or said stern (2) is/are equipped with tensioning devices (8) which allow the control of the tension applied.
16. A vessel according to claim 15 characterized in that each such tensioning device (8) is fitted with an automatic coupling device for coupling said vessel with any other such ice-breaking vessel (1).
17. A vessel according to claim 15 or 16 characterized in that said spherical area (4) of the stern (2) and/or said concave channel (5) of said bow (3) is/are equipped with measuring devices to allow the control of the tension to be applied by said tensioning devices when such vessels are coupled together while travelling.
18. A vessel according to any one of the claims 9 through 17 characterized in that said vessel is fitted with measurement and control devices for range, speed, angle of rotation and draught to allow coupling said vessel with any other such ice-breaking vessel automatically.
19. A vessel according to any one of claims 9 through 18 characterized in that the propulsion and manoeuvring equipment of said vessel and the propulsion and manoeuvring equipment of any other such ice-breaking vessel may be connected for the joint control of said vessel and said other vessel.
20. A vessel according to any one of claims 9 through 19 characterized in that said vessel is equipped with facilities and installations for receiving boil-off gas from at least one other such ice-breaking vessel (1) coupled to said vessel and with facilities and installations for firing the boil-off gas so received.
EP84100171A 1983-01-13 1984-01-10 Method for the transport of goods with a ship from an arctic harbour to an icefree harbour as well as a transportship Expired EP0119384B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833300898 DE3300898A1 (en) 1983-01-13 1983-01-13 Ship
DE3300898 1983-01-13
DE19833300894 DE3300894A1 (en) 1983-01-13 1983-01-13 Method of transporting cargo by ship from an arctic harbour to an ice-free harbour as well as a transport ship for carrying out this method
DE3300894 1983-01-13

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EP0119384A1 EP0119384A1 (en) 1984-09-26
EP0119384B1 true EP0119384B1 (en) 1986-07-30

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US (1) US4577578A (en)
EP (1) EP0119384B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1249486A (en)
DE (1) DE3460350D1 (en)
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GB9121411D0 (en) * 1991-10-09 1991-11-20 Morgan Crucible Co Paint
US8448673B2 (en) 2006-11-15 2013-05-28 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Transporting and transferring fluid
CN107323609B (en) * 2017-06-28 2019-02-19 广船国际有限公司 A kind of flipper block method of construction

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US1005236A (en) * 1910-06-10 1911-10-10 Austin Cone Larr Barge.
DE1182980B (en) * 1961-02-17 1964-12-03 Weserwerft Schiffs Und Maschb Steering thrust from two or more floating vehicles
US3191568A (en) * 1963-02-13 1965-06-29 Continental Oil Co Apparatus for transporting and storing bulk cargo
DE1531729A1 (en) * 1966-07-26 1969-09-25 Emanuele Iozza Ship made up of at least two self-contained, successively arranged and articulated hulls
US3362372A (en) * 1966-08-01 1968-01-09 Earl A. Peterson Integrated barge and tugboat
US3698349A (en) * 1971-06-29 1972-10-17 Catug Corp Seagoing tug and barge construction
US4148270A (en) * 1974-04-29 1979-04-10 Marine Specialty Co Coupling apparatus for articulated bodies
CA998884A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-10-26 John P. Gallagher Icebreaker
CA1068498A (en) * 1975-10-09 1979-12-25 Preston E. Chaney Method and apparatus for breaking ice with water
CA1043181A (en) * 1977-01-21 1978-11-28 Bengt M. Johansson Icebreaking locomotive
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US4395178A (en) * 1980-12-08 1983-07-26 The Boeing Company Transfer system for use between platforms having relative motion between one another
DE3100596A1 (en) * 1981-01-10 1982-08-26 IWTS Consulting Engineers GmbH, 6200 Wiesbaden METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING LIQUID GAS
NL8100610A (en) * 1981-02-09 1982-09-01 Rsv Gusto Eng Bv FLOATING DEVICE FOR CARGO TRANSFER.

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DK15084D0 (en) 1984-01-13
DE3460350D1 (en) 1986-09-04
US4577578A (en) 1986-03-25
EP0119384A1 (en) 1984-09-26
DK15084A (en) 1984-07-14
CA1249486A (en) 1989-01-31

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