EP0110906A1 - Radiation shield for boilers for solid fuel. - Google Patents
Radiation shield for boilers for solid fuel.Info
- Publication number
- EP0110906A1 EP0110906A1 EP83901588A EP83901588A EP0110906A1 EP 0110906 A1 EP0110906 A1 EP 0110906A1 EP 83901588 A EP83901588 A EP 83901588A EP 83901588 A EP83901588 A EP 83901588A EP 0110906 A1 EP0110906 A1 EP 0110906A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation shield
- boiler
- firing chamber
- smoke
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
- F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel by discharging the air above the fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
- F23B5/02—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in main combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
- F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes
Definitions
- This invention relates to a boiler for the combustion of solid fuel which can give off inflammable gasses, and which is built with suspended arch over the fir ing place.
- Boilers of this kind have previously been very widespread and, after the recent years' violent increases in the price of fuel oil and natural gas, have again become economically attractive, particularly for larger heating installations.
- boilers for the burning of coal which gives off inflammable gasses when heated, are of great interest, the reason being that from the point of view of price, coal is a desirable fuel and is expected to remain so for a great number of years.
- coal-burning boilers of known construction normally have efficiencies of a maximum of 78% of the theoretical heat content of the coal, depending somewhat on the kind of coal and the construction of the boiler. The reason that the efficiency is not greater is that the inflammable gasses given off by the coal to a wide extent leave unburned by way of the chimney and are lost.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a construction which, when used in generally known boilers for the heating of water by the burning of solid fuel which gives off inflammable gasses, especially coal, results in an effective combustion of the inflammable gasses given off, thus enabling the high efficiencies desired to be achieved.
- the construction according to the invention can be used in connection with various firing systems, for exampie travelling grate and stoker firing etc.
- the above object is achieved with, a boiler as presented and characterized in the main claim.
- the advantage of disposing a downwardly sloping, reasonably smoke-tight radiation shield in the manner described is that the combustible gasses, which are given off mainly in the area covered by the radiation shield, rise up under this, are mixed with secondary air which is fed to this area, and ignited, the reason being that the space under the radiation shield has a high temperature (both a high air temperature as well as a high radiation temperature) before the mixture of secondary air and combustible gasses reaches forward to the relatively narrow burning-out opening rearmost in the boiler.
- boilers of generally known construction Since the combustible gasses are thus ignited and completely burned in the firing chamber in the boiler, it is possible with boilers of generally known construction to achieve the same high efficiencies as those known from oil or gas-fired boilers and from coal-fired high-pressure boilers.
- the radiation shield is built out so that it extends more than half -way backwards towards the rear wall of the boiler, and particularly advantageous if it reaches out at least 3/5 of the distance to the rear wall of the boiler, leaving a burning-out opening of 2/5 or less of the boiler's length.
- the advantage is that the long extension increases the average time for which the gasses are in the area in which they can be ignited, and thus also increasing the possibility of a high efficiency in the boiler. Precisely how long the radiation shield must be depends on the construction of the boiler and the fuel being used, but the correct length can be found in a simple manner by those familiar with the technique, for example by the taking of smoke analyses.
- the supporting construction for the radiation shield is also a heating surface in the boiler construction, whereby the materials thus at the same time fulfil several functional purposes, which contributes towards a cheap total construction.
- the invention can be characterized in the manner presented in claim 4.
- the advantage of the loosely disposed but secured elements is that it is not only easy to undertake replacement, when this is required after a certain period of operation, but also possible in a simple and quick manner to change the size of the radiation shield by the removal or insertion of some of the ceramic elements.
- the latter can be advantageous when changing between types of fuels having different gas contents and varying ignition temperatures for the gasses given off.
- the invention has been made in connection with the work with a new suspended arch which is described by the same inventor in a patent application submitted together with the present description, and which can also be expediently formed with the use of the non-supporting construction of shaped, ceramic elements which are suspended in a supporting structure as described above.
- the boiler is indicated in its entirety by the figure 1.
- the suspended arch 2 is placed at the feed opening for the solid fuel which, in this boiler, is supplied by a travelling grate which is the bed of the hearth 10 in the firing chamber 11.
- the radiation shield 3 extends from the front wall 6 of the firing chamber from a line above the arch 2, smoke-tight and with smoke-tight connection with said front wall 6 of the firing chamber 11 and two side walls sloping downwards in over the hearth 10.
- the radiation shield 3 is built up of suitably-shaped ceramic elements 4 which comprise a non-selfsupporting shield which is supported by a number of parallel tubes 5 sloping upwards from the back wall 7 of the firing chamber 11, where the inside of each tube 5 in the supporting structure is in open connection with the water chamber in the back wall if the boiler.
- the tubes 5 which support the radiation shield in a cor responding manner are each connected to the water chamber in the front wall of the boiler.
- the supporting tubes 5 used have a circular cross-section, but other cross-sec tions can be used, for example oval or rectangular.
- Each of the suitably-formed ceramic elements 4 have a breadth dimension at right angles to the longitudinal section shown in the drawing which is equal to the distance between the tubes 5.
- the cross-section of the elements 4 in the direction at right angles to the tubes 5 is similar to that of an hourglass, in that in each side of each element 4 there is formed a lengthwise recess or groove of a size and shape which corresponds in the main to the half cross-section of the supporting tubes 5.
- the thus suitably shaped elements 4 are hung on the tubes 5 and, when the boiler is in operation and the elements are heated, close so tightly together that the smoke discharge is forced essentially backwards in the boiler.
- An inlet 9 for secondary air is provided through the front wall 6 of the firing chamber 11 under the arch 2.
- the boiler 1 functions like known boilers for solid fuel, and here shall only be described the difference in mode of operation due to the radiation shield 3 according to the invention.
- the radiation shield 3 stops the combustible gasses and the smoke gasses rising from the foremost end of the hearth 10 and forces them backwards in the firing chamber 11, where they are combined with the surplus air and the gasses rising from the rearmost end of the hearth 10 and flow through the burning-out opening 8, and from here forward through the boiler and into the smoke pipes. In this manner is established an expedient, uniform discharge of gas from the hearth.
- a radiation of heat to the water running through the tubes 5 is achieved.
- a surprising and advantageous effect is that with the smoke and gas-tight, somewhat heat-insulating shield of ceramic material or the like, one obtains a surface with a surface temperature which, for a water boiler, is relatively high.
- a firing chamber area is established in which the temperature, including the radiation temperature, is considerably higher than in normal water boilers, and at least so high that the ignition temperature of the combustible gas ses is exceeded, and that this firing chamber area is established over that part of the hearth from which the main part of the combustible gasses are given off.
- solid fuel for example wood, straw, pellets, peat, olive shells or briquettes.
- the invention is not limited to the water- cooled tubes having a certain cross-section. Tubes with all possible cross-sections can be envisaged, for example round, triangular, oval or square.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Une chaudière (1) ayant une voûte suspendue au niveau de l'ouverture de combustion et étant conçue pour la combustion d'un combustible solide qui, lorsqu'il est chauffé et/ou brûlé dégage des gaz combustibles, est pourvue d'un écran de radiation (3). L'écran de radiation étanche au gaz et à la fumée (3) est raccordé à la paroi frontale (6) de la chambre de combustion (11) et s'étend incliné vers le bas et avec une connexion étanche à la fumée et au gaz sur la paroi frontale (6) et les parois latérales de la chambre de combustion et par dessus la partie du foyer (10) d'où la plus grande proportion des gaz combustibles se dégage. Pendant le fonctionnement, l'écran de radiation forme une section de la chambre de combustion qui, pour une chaudière d'eau, possède une température superficielle relativement élevée, où la température d'allumage des gaz combustibles est dépassée et où ces gaz avec de l'air secondaire introduit par une entrée (9) située au-dessus du foyer (10) et sous l'écran de radiation (3) sont brûlés, ce qui a pour résultat d'augmenter le rendement thermique de la chaudière (1) par rapport au rendement obtenu avec des chaudières connues.A boiler (1) having a roof suspended at the combustion opening and being designed for the combustion of solid fuel which, when heated and / or burned gives off combustible gases, is provided with a screen radiation (3). The gas and smoke tight radiation shield (3) is connected to the front wall (6) of the combustion chamber (11) and extends downwardly inclined and with a smoke and smoke tight connection. gases on the front wall (6) and the side walls of the combustion chamber and over the part of the hearth (10) from which the largest proportion of combustible gases is released. During operation, the radiation screen forms a section of the combustion chamber which, for a water boiler, has a relatively high surface temperature, where the ignition temperature of the combustible gases is exceeded and where these gases with secondary air introduced through an inlet (9) located above the hearth (10) and under the radiation screen (3) are burned, which results in increasing the thermal efficiency of the boiler (1) compared to the yield obtained with known boilers.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83901588T ATE18943T1 (en) | 1982-05-26 | 1983-05-17 | RADIATION SCREEN FOR STEAM BOILER USING SOLID FUEL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK2365/82 | 1982-05-26 | ||
DK236582A DK148668C (en) | 1982-05-26 | 1982-05-26 | Boiler for combustion of solid fuels capable of emitting flammable gases |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0110906A1 true EP0110906A1 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
EP0110906B1 EP0110906B1 (en) | 1986-04-02 |
Family
ID=8111877
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83901588A Expired EP0110906B1 (en) | 1982-05-26 | 1983-05-17 | Radiation shield for boilers for solid fuel |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0110906B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS59500983A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3362762D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK148668C (en) |
FI (1) | FI73813C (en) |
NO (1) | NO153346C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1983004296A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102252320B (en) * | 2011-06-25 | 2014-10-01 | 山东百川同创能源有限公司 | Biomass low-nitrogen direct combustion boiler |
CN102620280A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-08-01 | 新乡工神锅炉有限公司 | Low heat mass firing boiler |
CN102721039A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-10 | 新乡工神锅炉有限公司 | Dedusting boiler with low combustion calorific value |
CN103062757B (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2016-07-06 | 北京中煤神州节能环保技术开发有限公司 | The multiple overheavy firing chain-grate boiler of subregion |
CN103032870B (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2017-02-08 | 北京中煤神州节能环保技术开发有限公司 | Small-wave flame disturbance extension combustion device |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE8597C1 (en) * | 1897-12-31 | |||
US637791A (en) * | 1899-03-29 | 1899-11-28 | Henry B Haigh | Elastic-tread horseshoe. |
US645193A (en) * | 1899-06-03 | 1900-03-13 | Allen Simmons | Cushion-horseshoe. |
US660788A (en) * | 1899-10-21 | 1900-10-30 | William J Conway | Soft-tread horseshoe. |
US676894A (en) * | 1901-01-21 | 1901-06-25 | Joseph C Higgins | Soft-tread horseshoe. |
US762998A (en) * | 1903-07-06 | 1904-06-21 | Joseph C Higgins | Horseshoe. |
US755779A (en) * | 1903-10-28 | 1904-03-29 | Herbert E Irwin | Elastic-tread horseshoe. |
US904193A (en) * | 1908-07-24 | 1908-11-17 | Edward D Brant | Horseshoe. |
US943146A (en) * | 1909-03-22 | 1909-12-14 | Augustus Vignos | Horseshoe. |
US983510A (en) * | 1909-12-29 | 1911-02-07 | John W Mcneal | Smoke-consuming furnace. |
US1016454A (en) * | 1910-11-07 | 1912-02-06 | Enoch P Stevens | Fire-brick arch for locomotive fire-boxes. |
US1151797A (en) * | 1913-03-06 | 1915-08-31 | William J Kent | Horseshoe. |
US1141726A (en) * | 1915-01-11 | 1915-06-01 | Patrick J Ryan | Detachable horseshoe-calk. |
US1686976A (en) * | 1920-05-29 | 1928-10-09 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Furnace wall |
DE460763C (en) * | 1925-01-27 | 1928-06-15 | Spennemann & Lindemann G M B H | Firebox ceiling with stones suspended from beams |
US2346638A (en) * | 1939-09-12 | 1944-04-11 | Wright Paul | Arch and wall |
-
1982
- 1982-05-26 DK DK236582A patent/DK148668C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-05-17 WO PCT/DK1983/000052 patent/WO1983004296A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1983-05-17 DE DE8383901588T patent/DE3362762D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-17 JP JP50196783A patent/JPS59500983A/en active Pending
- 1983-05-17 EP EP83901588A patent/EP0110906B1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-01-18 FI FI840189A patent/FI73813C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-01-23 NO NO840227A patent/NO153346C/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8304296A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI840189A0 (en) | 1984-01-18 |
NO153346C (en) | 1986-02-26 |
FI73813B (en) | 1987-07-31 |
WO1983004296A1 (en) | 1983-12-08 |
EP0110906B1 (en) | 1986-04-02 |
NO840227L (en) | 1984-01-23 |
FI73813C (en) | 1987-11-09 |
DE3362762D1 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
JPS59500983A (en) | 1984-05-31 |
DK148668B (en) | 1985-08-26 |
FI840189A (en) | 1984-01-18 |
DK236582A (en) | 1983-11-27 |
DK148668C (en) | 1986-01-27 |
NO153346B (en) | 1985-11-18 |
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