EP0110854A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Giessen von Blöcken - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Giessen von Blöcken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0110854A1
EP0110854A1 EP83850312A EP83850312A EP0110854A1 EP 0110854 A1 EP0110854 A1 EP 0110854A1 EP 83850312 A EP83850312 A EP 83850312A EP 83850312 A EP83850312 A EP 83850312A EP 0110854 A1 EP0110854 A1 EP 0110854A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casing
casting
mould
ingot
bath
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83850312A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Björn Frykendahl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFM Development AB
Original Assignee
IFM Development AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IFM Development AB filed Critical IFM Development AB
Publication of EP0110854A1 publication Critical patent/EP0110854A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots
    • B22D9/006—Machines or plants for casting ingots for bottom casting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method at the casting of a molten bath intermittently to so-called ingots.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • Industrial manufacture of metal products comprises in most cases the production of ingots to be worked subsequently, in such a manner, that a metal bath in a cooling mould, an ingot mould, is cast either intermittently to what usually is called an ingot, or is continuously extruded.
  • the ingot mould has the object to mould the bath to desired geometry and to maintain this bath geometry during an initial solidifying phase.
  • the heat excess of the bath is hereby conducted away both via the ingot mould and directly to the surrounding.
  • the crystals in the surface zone of the ingot are much finer than the crystals formed lateron at a greater depth in the ingot.
  • the ingot mould When a shell of sufficient thickness has been formed against the inner surface of the ingot mould in order to withstand the internal metallostatic pressure from the bath, the ingot mould has served its moulding function. In this phase the ingot disengages from the inner walls of the ingot mould, due to solidification shrinkage and thermal contraction in the growing shell. The heat flow from the ingot mould is hereby reduced considerably, because the thermal conduction substantially has come to an end. Thereafter, the continued heat emission takes place substantially by free convection and radiation.
  • Permanent ingot moulds for intermittent casting require a high degree of maintenance and, in addition, good planning and much space, because otherwise interrupt- ions of work will occur and ingot surfaces of low quality are obtained, which latter directly result in reduced yield.
  • the ingots after having been cast, are transported either hot or substantially cold for being worked. Prior to their working, the ingots are heated, usually in a furnace. This implies additional material losses and, consequently, decrease in yield, which are caused by so-called scaling, i.e. oxidation of the surface layer of the ingot, and in certain cases by decarburization in a layer beneath the oxidized one.
  • the decarburized layer normally must be removed lateron in the manufacturing process, for example by descaling. Intermittently cast alloyed carbon steels of certain grades can loose up to 5% of the ingot weight by rongh - turning.
  • the present invention has the object to provide a method and an apparatus for use at the casting of a metal bath intermittently in ingot moulds to single ingots, by which method and apparatus the aforesaid problems and disadvantages of known art are reduced substantially.
  • the invention also comprises a hot top arrangement, which facilitates a.o. the handling of the top.
  • the invention thus, relates to a method of casting a metal bath to single ingots, at which the bath is supplied to a mould preferably of vertical position, in which the bath solidifies and is moulded to an ingot with a cross-sectional geometry substantially in agreement with the cross-sectional geometry of the mould, and the bath is supplied into and moulded and caused to solidify in a substantially tubular and thin-walled metal casing constituting or comprising said mould, which casing is caused to follow along with the ingot through process steps subsequent to the casting, which is carried out intermittently as down-hill casting, at which the bath in known manner is supplied at an upper portion-of the mould, casing, or intermittently as bottom casting, at which the bath in known manner is supplied at a lower portion of the mould, casing.
  • the method is characterized especially in that said casing in process steps subsequent to casting is caused in a-manner-known per se to be consumed, and in a suitable process phase finally is removed so as not to be included in products made of the ingot, that the casing is caused to be consumed instead of the ingot material inside thereof in order to increase the yield of the ingot material, and that a hot top is provided outwardly against an upper portion of said casing.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus at the casting of a metal bath to single ingots, where a mould is provided,which preferably is positioned vertically, and into which the bath is intended to be supplied and to solidify and be moulded therein to an ingot with a cross--sectional geometry substantially in agreement with the cross-sectional geometry of the mould, which mould comprises or constitutes a substantially tubular and thin--walled metal casing, into which the bath is intended to be supplied, and which is intended to follow along with the ingot through process steps subsequent to casting, which is intended to be carried out intermittently as down-hill or up-hill casting.
  • the apparatus is characterized -especially in that said casing is intended, in a way substantially known per se, in process steps subsequent to casting to be consumed and in a suitable process step finally to be removed so as not to be included in products made of the ingot, which casing is consumed instead of the ingot material inside thereof in order to increase the yield of the ingot material, and that a hot top arrangement is located outwardly against an upper portion of said casing.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematically shown vertical central section through an apparatus according to the invention applied to down-hill casting
  • Fig. 2 is a section A-A according to Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a schematically shown vertical central section through an apparatus according to the invention applied to bottom casting
  • Fig. 4 is a section B-B according to Fig. 3
  • Fig. 5 is a schematically shown vertical central section through an apparatus accrding to the invention, with a first preferred embodiment of a hot top according to the invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematically shown vertical central section through an apparatus according to the invention, with a second preferred embodiment of a hot top according to the invention
  • Fig. 1 is a schematically shown vertical central section through an apparatus according to the invention applied to down-hill casting
  • Fig. 2 is a section A-A according to Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a schematically shown vertical central section through an apparatus according to the invention applied to bottom casting
  • Fig. 4 is a section B
  • FIG. 7 is a schematically shown vertical central section through an apparatus according to the invention, where an external downward directed and insulating layer is provided for obtaining a directional solidification of the ingot
  • Fig. 8 is a schematically shown vertical central section through an apparatus according to the invention, where a divided support for the casing is provided
  • Fig. 9 is a section C-C according to Fig. 8.
  • the numeral 1 designates a substantially tubular and preferably thin-walled metal casing according to the invention which is positioned substantially vertically.
  • the casing 1 is intended to constitute or be comprised in the mould, into which a metal bath 2 is intended to be supplied and to solidify therein and thereby be moulded to an ingot.
  • the bath 2 is intended in a way substantially known per se.to be supplied intermittently at the upper portion 5 of the casing 1 as down-hill casting with a tapping jet 3 from a ladle 4 or corresponding device.
  • the casing material, 6f course, is to be adapted to the ingot material at least so that the fusion point of the casing is higher than the casting temperature.
  • the cross-sectional geometry of the casing 1, Fig. 2 agrees substantially with the cross-sectional geometry of the ingot to be.
  • Fig. 2 a square cross-section is shown, but the cross-section, of course, can be chosen at option and, for example, may be rectangular or circular.
  • 6 designates an outer pipe with the necessary well--defined wall thickness, an ingot mould or corresponding device, which is located about the casing 1 to support the same when there is risk for the casing to buckle at the supply of the bath.
  • 7 designates a layer of steel sand, olivine sand or corresponding material located between the casing 1 and support 6 with the object of adjusting when the casing 1 does not abut perfectly the support 6. The thickness of the layer 7 in the Figures is slightly exaggerated for the sake of clearness.
  • a bottom 8 preferably of metal suitably is joined to the casing 1, for example by welding.
  • 9 designates a base, for example a casting plane.
  • a casting protection 10, indicated in Fig. 1 can be inserted between the portion 5 and the nozzle 11 of the ladle 4, and a plastic cover 12, cardboard cover 12 or corresponding cover can be provided at the portion 5.
  • a second embodiment is shown,where ' the casting is carried out intermittently as bottom casting, and the bath 2 is supplied at the lower portion 13 of the casing 1 via channel bricks 14.
  • the base 9 in this case is a bottom casting platform 9, on which several ingots can be cast simultaneously in known manner.
  • a bottom 8 with a hole 8' is provided at the lower portion 13 of the casing and a cover 12of plastic, cardboard or corresponding material is provided at the portion 15 opposite to the portion 13 of the casing, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the support 6 and layer 7 are arranged in a way and have a function corresponding to down-hill casting, and the cross--sectional geometry of the casing 1 can be chosen correspondingly.
  • the cover and bottom are used primarily at high material purity requirements.
  • Space is preferably to be left for a hot top 16, which is shown schematically in Figs. 1 and 3.
  • the space is to be left in connection to the upper portion of the casing 1, Figs. 1 and 3, in which case the support 6 preferably is a support also for the hot top 16.
  • the support 6 and layer 7 terminate slightly beneath the uppermost portion I' of the casing 1.
  • a top holder 17 is provided extending in the circumferential direction of the casing, by means of which holder plates 18 or the like are held.
  • the plates 18 may project upward above the casing 1, whereby bath can be permitted to rise over the casing.
  • the plates normally cannot be re-used.
  • 19 designates a plate-shaped cover intended to cover the upper portion of the casing. It is, of course, also possible to establish a cover by powdered material.
  • a top holder 17 is provided, with a space formed between the holder 17 and the casing 1, in which space powdered material 20 is located.
  • the bath preferably is not intended to rise above the casing, and the powder-- ed material is intended to be re-used.
  • the hot top is designed with downward decreasing wall thickness, at least at the lower portion 21 of the top, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, whereby a directional solidification is intended to be obtained.
  • Fig. 7 an embodiment is shown schematically, at which an insulating layer 22 is comprised by the hot top, as in Fig. 7, or in connection to the lower portion of the hot top, which layer extends downward from the upper portion of the casing along a substantial part of the casing height.
  • the layer preferably has a downward decreasing wall thickness.
  • a directional solidification is intended to be obtained, and a possible demand of conicity of the-casing is intended to be reduced or entirely eliminated.
  • a layer of powdered material 20 is shown located in a downward extending top holder 17.
  • a corresponding layer can be obtained by means of plates or the like.
  • FIGs. 8 and 9 a further embodiment of a support for the casing 1 is shown.
  • Supporting plates 23 or the like are arranged to the side of each other in the circumferential direction of the casing and abut the holder.
  • Support beams 24 or the like preferably are provided for supporting and strutting the plates 23.
  • the plates 23 can be retained in place, for example, by clamping members 25 extending in the circumferential direction, as indicated schematically in Figs. 8 and 9, or they may be arranged so as via the beams to rest against an outer mould 6, indicated by dashed line.
  • the support plates preferably via the beams are arranged so as to run on rails or the like in the floor, on which the casing etc. are erected. This can be arranged in an obvious manner (not shown).
  • a sealing 26 by powdered material is provided, as in Figs. 8 and 9.
  • supporting members 24' suitably are provided, preferably between the beams 24 and outer mould, which supporting members 24' are adjustable to the geometry of the casing 1, so that adjustment can be made a.o. to the distance between the casing and outer mould 26.
  • the casing 1, thus, is positioned on a casting plane 9 with or without supports 6,7, whereafter-the bath 2 is supplied by down-hill or up-hill casting.
  • the bath is protected against impurities by the bottom and cover 8 and, respectively, 12.
  • the bath also is protected by the casting protection 10.
  • air is evacuated from the casing 1 and inert gas, for example argon, is filled into the casing 1 by expedient means prior to the casting.
  • Supports are applied when there is buckling risk of the casing. Such risk arises, for example, when a casing 1 of low-carbon steel sheet metal of a few millimeters thickness is filled with a steel bath of a heat exceeding about 1500 C and the casing cross-section is not circular.
  • a possible support can be removed when a self-supporting solidified shell has been developed adjacent the casing 1.
  • a hot top By means of a hot top according to the invention, the top handling is facilitated considerably.
  • the hot top When the hot top is provided externally in relation to the casing 1, good ingot surfaces are obtained even at its top end.
  • the design with downward decreasing wall thickness yields a directional or accentuated directional solidification. Due to the fact that the layer 22 extends a substantial distance downward on the ingot, a more extensive directional solidification can be obtained, whereby the demand of conicity of the casing can be eliminated, which facilitates considerably the manufacture of the casing. This facilitates also the hot working of the ingot.
  • the casing 1 is permitted to unite with the solidified bath and to follow along with the ingot thus moulded during the continued manufacturing process.
  • the casing 1 is hereby diminished in thickness during the continued process steps by scaling etc.
  • the remaining casing is removed by machining in a process step deemed suitable.
  • the casing 1 thus prevents losses of ingot material due to scaling, decarburization:etc.
  • the casing is made of a simple and inexpensive material.
  • the invention renders possible large savings as a result of reduced material losses.
  • the invention specifies a particularly simple arrangement for achieving these savings. Of essential importance is also that the hot top handling is simplified considerably and that good surfaces are obtained even in connection to the top.
  • the method and apparatus according to the invention can also be applied to casting processes other than those referred to above, for example to casting according to SE-PS 7706696-7 where a gas-powder mixture is injected into a casting jet, a jet of molten metal.
  • a gas-powder mixture is injected into a casting jet, a jet of molten metal.
  • casting protection is used here preferably a collar between the outlet opening for the molten metal and the casing 1, which collar preferably opens inside the casing.
  • the said method can be used at intermittent casting, but per se also at continuous casting.
  • the support for example, can be made only as a two--piece support.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
EP83850312A 1982-11-30 1983-11-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Giessen von Blöcken Withdrawn EP0110854A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8206843A SE432729B (sv) 1982-11-30 1982-11-30 Forfarande vid gjutning av metallsmelta samt anordning for utforande av forfarandet
SE8206843 1982-11-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0110854A1 true EP0110854A1 (de) 1984-06-13

Family

ID=20348809

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83850312A Withdrawn EP0110854A1 (de) 1982-11-30 1983-11-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Giessen von Blöcken

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0110854A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS59141345A (de)
SE (1) SE432729B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2633926A4 (de) * 2010-10-26 2017-03-22 Zhu, Shucheng Ringförmige reinmetallgiessform
CN115319034A (zh) * 2022-08-18 2022-11-11 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 一种钒铁合金浇铸锭模及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2656187B2 (ja) * 1992-04-07 1997-09-24 三田工業株式会社 複写機
JP4731879B2 (ja) * 2004-10-29 2011-07-27 キヤノン株式会社 画像形成装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1037319A (fr) * 1950-11-10 1953-09-16 Bochumer Ver Fu R Gussstahlfab Lingotière et procédé pour la production de lingots d'acier
DE1089933B (de) * 1954-12-20 1960-09-29 Degerfors Jaernverks Aktiebola Verfahren und Schablone zur Herstellung von Hauben
DE1297826B (de) * 1965-07-21 1969-06-19 Sumitomo Metal Ind Giessform aus Metall zum Giessen von Metallbloecken
FR1583710A (de) * 1967-03-22 1969-12-05
US4111254A (en) * 1976-08-03 1978-09-05 The Kanthal Corporation Metal casting method
DE3109589C1 (de) * 1981-01-31 1982-09-30 Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg Verfahren zum Gießen von Stahlblöcken

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1037319A (fr) * 1950-11-10 1953-09-16 Bochumer Ver Fu R Gussstahlfab Lingotière et procédé pour la production de lingots d'acier
DE1089933B (de) * 1954-12-20 1960-09-29 Degerfors Jaernverks Aktiebola Verfahren und Schablone zur Herstellung von Hauben
DE1297826B (de) * 1965-07-21 1969-06-19 Sumitomo Metal Ind Giessform aus Metall zum Giessen von Metallbloecken
FR1583710A (de) * 1967-03-22 1969-12-05
US4111254A (en) * 1976-08-03 1978-09-05 The Kanthal Corporation Metal casting method
DE3109589C1 (de) * 1981-01-31 1982-09-30 Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg Verfahren zum Gießen von Stahlblöcken

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2633926A4 (de) * 2010-10-26 2017-03-22 Zhu, Shucheng Ringförmige reinmetallgiessform
CN115319034A (zh) * 2022-08-18 2022-11-11 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 一种钒铁合金浇铸锭模及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE432729B (sv) 1984-04-16
JPS59141345A (ja) 1984-08-14
SE8206843D0 (sv) 1982-11-30

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Inventor name: FRYKENDAHL, BJOERN

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Inventor name: FRYKENDAHL, BJOERN