EP0108690B1 - Heat exchanger for high temperature fluids in which one of the fluids enters and leaves by way of the superior part of the exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger for high temperature fluids in which one of the fluids enters and leaves by way of the superior part of the exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0108690B1
EP0108690B1 EP83402128A EP83402128A EP0108690B1 EP 0108690 B1 EP0108690 B1 EP 0108690B1 EP 83402128 A EP83402128 A EP 83402128A EP 83402128 A EP83402128 A EP 83402128A EP 0108690 B1 EP0108690 B1 EP 0108690B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exchanger
bundle
tube plate
shell
fluid
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EP83402128A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0108690A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Louis Pierrey
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Novatome SA
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Novatome SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
    • F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger with two fluids, one of the fluids of which enters the exchanger and exits from this exchanger through its upper part, as known from EP-A-0012691.
  • Such exchangers are used, for example, in integrated-type fast neutron nuclear reactors where the heat released by the reactor core is removed using primary sodium contained in the reactor vessel and into which the core of the reactor is immersed. reactor.
  • the heat is transmitted to the steam generator via secondary sodium which is heated by the primary sodium in heat exchangers immersed in the primary sodium filling the tank called intermediate heat exchangers.
  • Secondary sodium enters these intermediate exchangers through their upper part, above the slab closing the reactor vessel, and must likewise exit from the intermediate heat exchanger through its upper part, above the slab.
  • Such heat exchangers comprise a tubular bundle of annular shape and with vertical straight tubes in which the secondary sodium is caused to flow from bottom to top.
  • the tube bundle has two annular tube plates at its lower part and at its upper part respectively.
  • the secondary sodium is brought under the lower tubular plate to be circulated in the tubes of the bundle, by a central vertical duct crossing the exchanger over its entire height and connected at its upper part to a secondary sodium inlet duct.
  • the secondary sodium enters an annular duct arranged coaxially with respect to the inlet duct of the secondary sodium and also opening at the upper part of the exchanger.
  • the tube bundle is immersed in the primary sodium which is circulated in contact with the outside surface of the tubes of the bundle by means of circulation pumps immersed in the primary sodium contained in the reactor vessel.
  • the secondary sodium supply conduit under the lower plate of the tube bundle is constituted by a cylindrical double wall with a vertical axis also constituting the internal wall of the tube bundle.
  • This cylindrical double wall is constituted by a first ferrule welded to the two tubular plates of the bundle, along their internal edges and extended upwards to the upper level of the exchanger and by a second cylindrical ferrule coaxial with the first fixed to the lower plate of the tube bundle along its internal edge and connected at its upper part to the secondary sodium inlet duct.
  • This second ferrule is disposed inside the first, the two ferrules being connected at their upper part by a tight expansion joint making it possible to establish a gaseous atmosphere of thermal insulation (for example argon) in the annular space between the two ferrules constituting the internal wall of the tube bundle and the secondary sodium inlet duct.
  • This gaseous layer also makes it possible to thermally isolate the secondary sodium entering the heat exchanger from the heated secondary sodium leaving the tube bundle.
  • the outer shell of the secondary sodium supply duct which is welded to both the lower tube plate and the upper tube plate of the bundle is very highly stressed.
  • the assembly formed by this ferrule, the bundle tubes and the tubular plates is in fact one-piece and hyperstatic.
  • the different elements for example the ferrule and the tubes of the bundle, have very different rigidities.
  • the heat exchanger therefore undergoes significant differential expansion and deformation in its central part comprising the internal wall of the tube bundle.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a heat exchanger for fluids at elevated temperature one of which, or first fluid, enters the exchanger at its upper part, circulates from bottom to top inside the exchanger in the straight vertical tubes of a ring-shaped bundle with a vertical axis comprising a lower tubular plate and an annular upper tubular plate as well as a central cylindrical internal wall coaxial with the bundle, serving as a conduit for the first fluid under the lower tubular plate and finally, leaves the exchanger at its upper part, via an annular outlet duct coaxial with the fluid supply duct and thermally insulated from it, the second fluid circulating in contact with the external surface of the tubes of the bundle, this heat exchanger not undergoing excessive thermal or mechanical stresses, in its central part comprising the internal wall of the tubular bundle.
  • Figure 1 shows, in a sectional view through a vertical plane, an intermediate heat exchanger according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 represents, in a half-view in section through a vertical plane of symmetry, a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the lower part of the exchanger comprising a tubular bundle 5 plunges under the upper level 4 of the liquid sodium filling the tank and constituting the primary fluid of the reactor.
  • This primary fluid is circulated by pumps plunging into the tank so that it enters through the inlet window 6 of the heat exchanger, at its outlet from the core.
  • the primary sodium circulates in contact with the tubes of the bundle 5 to exit through the outlet window 7 of the heat exchanger. Between the windows 6 and 7, the tubular bundle is surrounded by a cylindrical envelope 8.
  • the tube bundle comprises two tube plates, a lower tube plate 9 and an upper tube plate 10.
  • a secondary sodium inlet chamber 12 into which the sodium 14 feed duct opens.
  • the duct 14 consists of a double wall formed by two vertical coaxial ferrules 15 and 16.
  • the outer shell 15 of this wall is fixed by welding to the lower plate 9 and to the upper plate 10 of the tube bundle.
  • the secondary sodium heated by the primary sodium enters an annular outlet conduit 20 coaxial with the ferrules 15 and 16.
  • the outer ferrule of the conduit 20 is connected at its upper part to the ferrules 15 and 16 by l 'through expansion joints 21 and 22.
  • annular chamber is delimited by the ferrules 15 and 16 and this annular chamber is filled with a neutral gas ensuring thermal insulation between the cold secondary sodium arriving via the conduit 14 and the hot secondary sodium leaving via the annular conduit 20.
  • the conduit 20 is connected to a pipe 24 bringing the hot sodium to the steam generator.
  • the assembly formed by the plates 9 and 10, the tubular exchanger 5 and the internal ferrule 15 thereof is extremely rigid, the straight tubes of the bundle being welded to the tubular plates 9 and 10 and the ferrule 15 being welded to these two tubular plates 9 and 10.
  • This high rigidity is due in particular to the fact that the bundle tubes are straight and numerous.
  • the lower part of the heat exchanger immersed in the primary liquid sodium comprises a tube bundle 35, the primary liquid sodium circulating between the inlet window 36 and the outlet window 37 of the heat exchanger in contact with the surface beam tubes. 35.
  • the tubes of this bundle arranged vertically are straight and fixed at their lower end in a tubular plate 39 and at their upper part in a tubular plate 40.
  • a chamber 42 into which the cold secondary sodium arrives and serving for its distribution in the tubes of the bundle 35.
  • the cold secondary sodium is brought into the chamber 42 by a vertical central duct 44 which limits the internal part of the tubular bundle 35 and by its extension.
  • This wall consists of three vertical and coaxial cylindrical ferrules.
  • the first innermost ferrule 45 is welded by its lower edge along the internal edge of the annular lower tubular plate 39.
  • the upper part of the ferrule 45 is connected to a conduit 48 for the secondary sodium, constituting the first fluid, in the heat exchanger.
  • the second ferrule 46 disposed outside of the ferrule 45 is welded by its lower edge to the lower tubular plate 39 and its upper part is at the level of the upper part of the heat exchanger.
  • the ferrules 45 and 46 are sold only on the lower tube plate 39.
  • the third ferrule 47 is welded to the upper tube plate 40, along the inner edge of this tube plate. This ferrule 47 is extended downward to a level located between the two tubular plates 39 and 40, in the vicinity of the middle part of the tubular bundle 35. The upper part of the third ferrule 47 is at the level of the upper part of the heat exchanger.
  • the ferrule 47 is connected by a gas tight expansion joint 50 to the upper part of the ferrule 45. This ferrule 47 is also connected by a gas tight expansion joint 52 to the upper part of the second ferrule 46.
  • the secondary sodium constituting the first fluid in circulation in the heat exchanger, enters an annular conduit 60 coaxial with the ferrules 45, 46 and 47 connected at its upper part to a conduit 64 towards the steam generator.
  • the secondary sodium heated by the primary sodium constituting the second fluid of the exchanger is isolated in the conduit 60 from the cold secondary sodium arriving via the central part of the exchanger in the chamber 42, by a double gaseous layer.
  • annular gas-tight chamber 54 between the ferrules 45 and 46 the annular chamber 55 between the ferrules 46 and 47 are filled with neutral gas, over the entire length of the conduit 60.
  • the neutral gas filling the chamber 54 is introduced into this chamber where it remains trapped after closing the flexible seal 50.
  • the chamber 55 is connected at its upper part to a circuit 56 for supplying neutral gas at a regulated pressure.
  • the lower part of the annular chamber 54 opens into the primary sodium constituting the second fluid of the circulating heat exchanger in contact with the external surface of the tubes 35 of the bundle.
  • the pressure of the neutral gas (for example argon) sent into the chamber 54 by the regulated circuit 56 makes it possible to maintain the level 59 of separation between the neutral gas and the primary sodium under the tube plate 40.
  • the device according to the invention has the main advantage of comprising an internal wall of the tubular bundle also constituting the secondary sodium inlet conduit in the exchanger, formed of three ferrules, none of which is welded to both two tubular plates of the bundle which provide between them thermal insulation chambers filled with neutral gas.
  • ferrules are only subjected to low stresses during the use of the intermediate exchanger, which increases the operational reliability of the heat exchanger and can make it possible to simplify its design.
  • the three ferrules constituting the internal wall of the bundle can expand independently of each other, since their upper parts are connected by expansion joints, such as bellows.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment.
  • ferrules can be connected to their upper part so as to allow differential expansions, in a different way and by using expansion devices of a different type of bellows.
  • the diameter of the different ferrules may also not be constant over their entire height.
  • the third ferrule can be extended downwards to any height between the two tube plates of the bundle.
  • the chamber between the second and third ferrules can be connected to a neutral gas circuit allowing regulation of the pressure of this neutral gas as a function of the pressure of the primary sodium in the tube bundle.
  • the invention applies to any type of intermediate heat exchangers of a fast neutron nuclear reactor cooled by any fluid.
  • the invention applies to integrated reactor intermediate exchangers or to fast loop type neutron reactor exchangers then placed in tanks external to the tank.
  • the invention applies to any large-sized heat exchanger whose first fluid enters and leaves the exchanger through its upper part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur à deux fluides dont l'un des fluides entre dans l'échangeur et ressort de cet échangeur par sa partie supérieure, comme connu du EP-A-0012691.The invention relates to a heat exchanger with two fluids, one of the fluids of which enters the exchanger and exits from this exchanger through its upper part, as known from EP-A-0012691.

On utilise de tels échangeurs, par exemple, dans les réacteurs nucléaires à neutrons rapides de type intégré où l'on prélève la chaleur dégagée par le coeur du réacteur grâce à du sodium primaire contenu dans la cuve du réacteur et dans lequel plonge le coeur du réacteur. La chaleur est transmise au générateur de vapeur par l'intermédiaire de sodium secondaire qui est échauffé par le sodium primaire dans des échangeurs de chaleur plongeant dans le sodium primaire remplissant la cuve appelés échangeurs de chaleur intermédiaires. Le sodium secondaire entre dans ces échangeurs intermédiaires par leur partie supérieure, au-dessus de la dalle fermant la cuve du réacteur, et doit de même ressortir de l'échangeur de chaleur intermédiaire par sa partie supérieure, au-dessus de la dalle.Such exchangers are used, for example, in integrated-type fast neutron nuclear reactors where the heat released by the reactor core is removed using primary sodium contained in the reactor vessel and into which the core of the reactor is immersed. reactor. The heat is transmitted to the steam generator via secondary sodium which is heated by the primary sodium in heat exchangers immersed in the primary sodium filling the tank called intermediate heat exchangers. Secondary sodium enters these intermediate exchangers through their upper part, above the slab closing the reactor vessel, and must likewise exit from the intermediate heat exchanger through its upper part, above the slab.

De tels échangeurs de chaleur comportent un faisceau tubulaire de forme annulaire et à tubes droits verticaux dans lesques le sodium secondaire est amené à circuler de bas en haut. Le faisceau tubulaire comporte deux plaques tubulaires annulaires à sa partie inférieure et à sa partie supérieure respectivement. Le sodium secondaire est amené sous la plaque tubulaire inférieure pour être mis en circulation dans les tubes du faisceau, par un conduit vertical central traversant l'échangeur sur toute sa hauteur et relié à sa partie supérieure à un conduit d'arrivée du sodium secondaire. A sa sortie du faisceau, le sodium secondaire pénètre dans un conduit annulaire disposé coaxialement par rapport au conduit d'arrivée du sodium secondaire et débouchant également à la partie supérieure de l'échangeur. Le faisceau tubulaire est plongé dans le sodium primaire qu'on fait circuler en contact avec la surface extérieure des tubes du faisceau grâce à des pompes de circulation plongeant dans le sodium primaire contenu dans la cuve du réacteur.Such heat exchangers comprise a tubular bundle of annular shape and with vertical straight tubes in which the secondary sodium is caused to flow from bottom to top. The tube bundle has two annular tube plates at its lower part and at its upper part respectively. The secondary sodium is brought under the lower tubular plate to be circulated in the tubes of the bundle, by a central vertical duct crossing the exchanger over its entire height and connected at its upper part to a secondary sodium inlet duct. At its exit from the bundle, the secondary sodium enters an annular duct arranged coaxially with respect to the inlet duct of the secondary sodium and also opening at the upper part of the exchanger. The tube bundle is immersed in the primary sodium which is circulated in contact with the outside surface of the tubes of the bundle by means of circulation pumps immersed in the primary sodium contained in the reactor vessel.

Le conduit d'amenée du sodium secondaire sous la plaque inférieure du faisceau tubulaire est constitué par une double paroi cylindrique à axe vertical constituant également la paroi interne du faisceau tubulaire. Cette double paroi cylindrique est constituée par une première virole soudée aux deux plaques tubulaires du faisceau, le long de leurs bords internes et prolongée vers le haut jusqu'au niveau supérieur de l'échangeur et par une seconde virole cylindrique coaxiale à la première fixée à la plaque inférieure du faisceau tubulaire le long de son bord interne et reliée à sa partie supérieure au conduit d'arrivée du sodium secondaire. Cette seconde virole est disposée à l'intérieur de la première, les deux viroles étant reliées à leur partie supérieure par un joint de dilatation étanche permettant d'établir une atmosphère gazeuse d'isolation thermique (par exemple de l'argon) dans l'espace annulaire entre les deux viroles constituant la paroi interne du faisceau tubulaire et le conduit d'arrivée du sodium secondaire. Cette couche gazeuse permet également d'isoler thermiquement le sodium secondaire entrant dans l'échangeur de chaleur du sodium secondaire sortant échauffé du faisceau tubulaire.The secondary sodium supply conduit under the lower plate of the tube bundle is constituted by a cylindrical double wall with a vertical axis also constituting the internal wall of the tube bundle. This cylindrical double wall is constituted by a first ferrule welded to the two tubular plates of the bundle, along their internal edges and extended upwards to the upper level of the exchanger and by a second cylindrical ferrule coaxial with the first fixed to the lower plate of the tube bundle along its internal edge and connected at its upper part to the secondary sodium inlet duct. This second ferrule is disposed inside the first, the two ferrules being connected at their upper part by a tight expansion joint making it possible to establish a gaseous atmosphere of thermal insulation (for example argon) in the annular space between the two ferrules constituting the internal wall of the tube bundle and the secondary sodium inlet duct. This gaseous layer also makes it possible to thermally isolate the secondary sodium entering the heat exchanger from the heated secondary sodium leaving the tube bundle.

Dans les échangeurs de chaleur de grande dimension et en particulier dans les échangeurs intermédiaires des réacteurs nucléaires à neutrons rapides qui fonctionnent à des températures élevées, il existe des gradients de température importants qui se traduisent par des contraintes de grande amplitude dans les éléments constituant ces échangeurs.In large heat exchangers and in particular in the intermediate exchangers of fast neutron nuclear reactors which operate at high temperatures, there are large temperature gradients which result in large amplitude stresses in the elements constituting these exchangers. .

En particulier, la virole externe du conduit d'amenée du sodium secondaire qui est soudée à la fois à la plaque tubulaire inférieure et à la plaque tubulaire supérieure du faisceau est très fortement sollicitée. L'ensemble constitué par cette virole, les tubes du faisceau et les plaques tubulaires est en effet monobloc et hyperstatique. Dans cet ensemble, les différents éléments, par exemple la virole et les tubes du faisceau, ont des rigidités très différentes.In particular, the outer shell of the secondary sodium supply duct which is welded to both the lower tube plate and the upper tube plate of the bundle is very highly stressed. The assembly formed by this ferrule, the bundle tubes and the tubular plates is in fact one-piece and hyperstatic. In this assembly, the different elements, for example the ferrule and the tubes of the bundle, have very different rigidities.

L'échangeur de chaleur subit donc des dilatations et des déformations différentielles importantes dans sa partie centrale comportant la paroi interne du faisceau tubulaire.The heat exchanger therefore undergoes significant differential expansion and deformation in its central part comprising the internal wall of the tube bundle.

Le but de l'invention est donc de proposer un échangeur de chaleur pour fluides à température elevée dont l'un, ou premier fluide, entre dans l'échangeur à sa partie supérieure, circule de bas en haut à l'intérieur de l'échangeur dans les tubes verticaux droits d'un faisceau de forme annulaire à axe vertical comportant une plaque tubulaire inférieure et une plaque tubulaire supérieure annulaires ainsi qu'une paroi interne cylindrique centrale coaxiale au faisceau, servant de conduit d'amenée du premier fluide sous la plaque tubulaire inférieure et enfin, sort de l'échangeur à sa partie supérieure, par un conduit de sortie annulaire coaxial au conduit d'amenée du fluide et isolé thermiquement de celui-ci, le second fluide circulant au contact de la surface externe des tubes du faisceau, cet échangeur de chaleur ne subissant pas de contraintes d'origine thermique ou mécanique excessives, dans sa partie centrale comportant la paroi interne du faisceau tubulaire.The object of the invention is therefore to propose a heat exchanger for fluids at elevated temperature one of which, or first fluid, enters the exchanger at its upper part, circulates from bottom to top inside the exchanger in the straight vertical tubes of a ring-shaped bundle with a vertical axis comprising a lower tubular plate and an annular upper tubular plate as well as a central cylindrical internal wall coaxial with the bundle, serving as a conduit for the first fluid under the lower tubular plate and finally, leaves the exchanger at its upper part, via an annular outlet duct coaxial with the fluid supply duct and thermally insulated from it, the second fluid circulating in contact with the external surface of the tubes of the bundle, this heat exchanger not undergoing excessive thermal or mechanical stresses, in its central part comprising the internal wall of the tubular bundle.

Dans ce but, la paroi interne servant de conduit d'amenée du premier fluide est constituée par:

  • - une première virole cylindrique à axe vertical soudée à sa partie inférieure à la plaque tubulaire inférieure de l'échangeur suivant son bord interne et reliée à sa partie supérieure à une conduite d'arrivée du premier fluide,
  • - une seconde virole coaxiale à la première, fixée à la plaque tubulaire inférieure, disposée à l'extérieur de la première virole et prolongée vers le haut nettement au-dessus de la plaque tubulaire supérieure,
  • - une troisième virole coaxiale aux deux premières, fixée à la plaque tubulaire supérieure le long de son bord interne , disposée à l'extérieur de la seconde virole, prolongée vers le bas jusqu'à un niveau situé entre les deux plaques tubulaires et vers le haut sensiblement au niveau de la partie supérieure de la seconde virole,

la troisième virole étant à la partie supérieure des deux autres, le long de son bord supérieur, de sorte qu'une chambre annulaire étanche soit constituée par les deux premières viroles et remplie de gaz et qu'une chambre annulaire débouchant à sa partie inférieure dans le second fluide circulant au contact du faisceau soit limitée par la seconde et la troisième viroles, cette dernière chambre annulaire étant reliée à une source de gaz neutre.For this purpose, the internal wall serving as a conduit for supplying the first fluid consists of:
  • a first cylindrical ferrule with vertical axis welded at its lower part to the lower tubular plate of the exchanger along its internal edge and connected at its upper part to an inlet pipe for the first fluid,
  • - a second ferrule coaxial with the first, fixed to the lower tube plate, available placed outside the first shell and extended upwards clearly above the upper tube plate,
  • - a third ferrule coaxial with the first two, fixed to the upper tubular plate along its internal edge, arranged outside the second ferrule, extended downward to a level located between the two tubular plates and towards the high substantially at the level of the upper part of the second ferrule,

the third ferrule being at the upper part of the other two, along its upper edge, so that a sealed annular chamber is constituted by the first two ferrules and filled with gas and that an annular chamber opening at its lower part in the second fluid circulating in contact with the beam is limited by the second and third ferrules, this last annular chamber being connected to a source of neutral gas.

Afin de bien faire comprendre l'invention, on va maintenant décrire à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en se reportant aux figures jointes en annexe, un échangeur de chaleur intermédiaire d'un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides de type intégré, selon l'art antérieur et un échangeur de chaleur intermédiaire selon l'invention.In order to clearly understand the invention, a description will now be given, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the attached figures, of an intermediate heat exchanger of an integrated type fast neutron nuclear reactor, according to prior art and an intermediate heat exchanger according to the invention.

La figure 1 représente, dans une vue en coupe par un plan vertical, un échangeur de chaleur intermédiaire selon l'art antérieur.Figure 1 shows, in a sectional view through a vertical plane, an intermediate heat exchanger according to the prior art.

La figure 2 représente, dans une demi-vue en coupe par un plan vertical de symétrie, un échangeur de chaleur suivant l'invention.FIG. 2 represents, in a half-view in section through a vertical plane of symmetry, a heat exchanger according to the invention.

Sur la figure 1, on voit un échangeur de chaleur traversant la dalle 1 fermant la cuve d'un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides par un passage 2 comportant un ensemble 3 permettant la protection radiologique et limitant la circulation de courants de convection entre l'échangeur et l'ouverture 2.In Figure 1, we see a heat exchanger crossing the slab 1 closing the tank of a fast neutron nuclear reactor by a passage 2 comprising a set 3 for radiological protection and limiting the circulation of convection currents between the exchanger and opening 2.

La partie inférieure de léchangeur comportant un faisceau tubulaire 5 plonge sous le niveau supérieur 4 du sodium liquide remplissant la cuve et constituant le fluide primaire du réacteur. Ce fluide primaire est mis en circulation par des pompes plongeant dans la cuve de façon qu'il pénètre par la fenêtre d'entrée 6 de l'échangeur de chaleur, à sa sortie du coeur. Le sodium primaire circule en contact avec les tubes du faisceau 5 pour ressortir par la fenêtre de sortie 7 de l'échangeur de chaleur. Entre les fenêtres 6 et 7, le faisceau tubulaire est entouré d'une enveloppe cylindrique 8.The lower part of the exchanger comprising a tubular bundle 5 plunges under the upper level 4 of the liquid sodium filling the tank and constituting the primary fluid of the reactor. This primary fluid is circulated by pumps plunging into the tank so that it enters through the inlet window 6 of the heat exchanger, at its outlet from the core. The primary sodium circulates in contact with the tubes of the bundle 5 to exit through the outlet window 7 of the heat exchanger. Between the windows 6 and 7, the tubular bundle is surrounded by a cylindrical envelope 8.

Le faisceau tubulaire comporte deux plaques tubulaires, une plaque tubulaire inférieure 9 et une plaque tubulaire supérieure 10.The tube bundle comprises two tube plates, a lower tube plate 9 and an upper tube plate 10.

Sous la plaque inférieure 9 est ménagée une chambre d'arrivée du sodium secondaire 12 dans laquelle débouche le conduit d'amenée de ce sodium 14.Under the lower plate 9 is provided a secondary sodium inlet chamber 12 into which the sodium 14 feed duct opens.

Le conduit 14 est constitué par une double paroi formée par deux viroles coaxiales verticales 15 et 16.The duct 14 consists of a double wall formed by two vertical coaxial ferrules 15 and 16.

La virole externe 15 de cette paroi est fixée par soudage sur la plaque inférieure 9 et sur la plaque supérieure 10 du faisceau tubulaire.The outer shell 15 of this wall is fixed by welding to the lower plate 9 and to the upper plate 10 of the tube bundle.

La virole interne 16 dans laquelle circule le sodium secondaire arrivant dans l'échangeur de chaleur est soudée à sa partie inférieure uniquement à la plaque inférieure 9. A sa partie supérieure, cette virole 16 est soudée à un conduit 18 d'arrivée du sodium secondaire isolé thermiquement par rapport au milieu extérieur et relié à l'enveloppe de l'échangeur de chaleur.The internal ferrule 16 in which the secondary sodium circulating arriving in the heat exchanger is welded at its lower part only to the lower plate 9. At its upper part, this ferrule 16 is welded to a conduit 18 for the arrival of the secondary sodium thermally insulated from the outside environment and connected to the shell of the heat exchanger.

A sa sortie du faisceau tubulaire 5, le sodium secondaire échauffé par le sodium primaire pénètre dans un conduit de sortie annulaire 20 coaxial aux viroles 15 et 16. La virole externe du conduit 20 est reliée à sa partie supérieure aux viroles 15 et 16 par l'intermédiaire de joints de dilatation 21 et 22.On leaving the tube bundle 5, the secondary sodium heated by the primary sodium enters an annular outlet conduit 20 coaxial with the ferrules 15 and 16. The outer ferrule of the conduit 20 is connected at its upper part to the ferrules 15 and 16 by l 'through expansion joints 21 and 22.

Une chambre annulaire est délimitée par les viroles 15 et 16 et cette chambre annulaire est remplie d'un gaz neutre assurant l'isolation thermique entre le sodium secondaire froid arrivant par le conduit 14 et le sodium secondaire chaud sortant par le conduit annulaire 20.An annular chamber is delimited by the ferrules 15 and 16 and this annular chamber is filled with a neutral gas ensuring thermal insulation between the cold secondary sodium arriving via the conduit 14 and the hot secondary sodium leaving via the annular conduit 20.

A sa partie supérieure le conduit 20 est relié à une canalisation 24 amenant le sodium chaud au générateur de vapeur.At its upper part, the conduit 20 is connected to a pipe 24 bringing the hot sodium to the steam generator.

On voit que l'ensemble formé par les plaques 9 et 10, l'échangeur tubulaire 5 et la virole interne 15 de celui-ci est extrêmement rigide, les tubes droits du faisceau étant soudés sur les plaques tubulaires 9 et 10 et la virole 15 étant soudée sur ces deux plaques tubulaires 9 et 10. Cette grande rigidité est due notamment au fait que les tubes du faisceau sont droits et nombreux.It can be seen that the assembly formed by the plates 9 and 10, the tubular exchanger 5 and the internal ferrule 15 thereof is extremely rigid, the straight tubes of the bundle being welded to the tubular plates 9 and 10 and the ferrule 15 being welded to these two tubular plates 9 and 10. This high rigidity is due in particular to the fact that the bundle tubes are straight and numerous.

Il en résulte, lorsque l'échangeur est plongé dans le sodium chaud en circulation, des contraintes thermiques et mécaniques importantes dans la virole 15 et des dilatations différentielles entre viroles du collecteur 20 qui obligent à mettre en oeuvre de multiples dispositifs pour les rendre acceptables.As a result, when the exchanger is immersed in the hot sodium in circulation, significant thermal and mechanical stresses in the shell 15 and differential expansions between the shrouds of the manifold 20 which require the use of multiple devices to make them acceptable.

Sur la figure 2, on voit un échangeur de chaleur traversant la dalle 31 fermant la cuve d'un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides contenant du sodium liquide jusqu'à un niveau 34, par un passage 32, un certain jeu existant entre la surface externe de l'échangeur de chaleur et le passage 32.In Figure 2, we see a heat exchanger crossing the slab 31 closing the tank of a fast neutron nuclear reactor containing liquid sodium to a level 34, through a passage 32, a certain clearance existing between the external surface of the heat exchanger and passage 32.

Comme dans le cas de l'échangeur intermédiaire suivant l'art antérieur, des dispositifs de protection radiologique et de limitation des courants de convection sont disposés dans le passage 32 mais n'ont pas été représentés.As in the case of the intermediate exchanger according to the prior art, devices for radiological protection and limitation of convection currents are arranged in passage 32 but have not been shown.

La partie inférieure de l'échangeur de chaleur plongeant dans le sodium liquide primaire comporte un faisceau tubulaire 35, le sodium liquide primaire circulant entre la fenêtre d'entrée 36 et la fenêtre de sortie 37 de l'échangeur de chaleur en contact avec la surface externe des tubes du faisceau. 35.The lower part of the heat exchanger immersed in the primary liquid sodium comprises a tube bundle 35, the primary liquid sodium circulating between the inlet window 36 and the outlet window 37 of the heat exchanger in contact with the surface beam tubes. 35.

Les tubes de ce faisceau disposés verticalement sont droits et fixés à leur extrémité inférieure dans une plague tubulaire 39 et à leur partie supérieure dans une plaque tubulaire 40.The tubes of this bundle arranged vertically are straight and fixed at their lower end in a tubular plate 39 and at their upper part in a tubular plate 40.

Sous la plaque tubulaire 39 est ménagée une chambre 42 dans laquelle arrive le sodium secondaire froid et servant à sa répartition dans les tubes du faisceau 35.Under the tubular plate 39 is formed a chamber 42 into which the cold secondary sodium arrives and serving for its distribution in the tubes of the bundle 35.

Le sodium secondaire froid est amené dans la chambre 42 par un conduit central vertical 44 qui limite la partie interne du faisceau tubulaire 35 et par son prolongement.The cold secondary sodium is brought into the chamber 42 by a vertical central duct 44 which limits the internal part of the tubular bundle 35 and by its extension.

Cette paroi est constituée par trois viroles cylindriques verticales et coaxiales.This wall consists of three vertical and coaxial cylindrical ferrules.

Le première virole 45 disposée le plus à l'intérieur est soudée par son bord inférieur le long du bord interne de la plaque tubulaire inférieure annulaire 39. La partie supérieure de la virole 45 est reliée à un conduit 48 d'arrivée du sodium secondaire, constituant le premier fluide, dans l'échangeur de chaleur.The first innermost ferrule 45 is welded by its lower edge along the internal edge of the annular lower tubular plate 39. The upper part of the ferrule 45 is connected to a conduit 48 for the secondary sodium, constituting the first fluid, in the heat exchanger.

La seconde virole 46 disposée à l'extérieur de la virole 45 est soudée par son bord inférieur sur la plaque tubulaire inférieure 39 et sa partie supérieure est au niveau de la partie supérieure de l'échangeur de chaleur. Les viroles 45 et 46 ne sont soldaires que de la plaque tubulaire inférieure 39.The second ferrule 46 disposed outside of the ferrule 45 is welded by its lower edge to the lower tubular plate 39 and its upper part is at the level of the upper part of the heat exchanger. The ferrules 45 and 46 are sold only on the lower tube plate 39.

La troisième virole 47 est soudée sur la plaque tubulaire supérieure 40, le long du bord intérieur de cette plaque tubulaire. Cette virole 47 est prolongée vers le bas jusqu'à un niveau se trouvant entre les deux plaques tubulaires 39 et 40, au voisinage de la partie médiane du faisceau tubulaire 35. La partie supérieure de la troisième virole 47 est au niveau de la partie supérieure de l'échangeur de chaleur.The third ferrule 47 is welded to the upper tube plate 40, along the inner edge of this tube plate. This ferrule 47 is extended downward to a level located between the two tubular plates 39 and 40, in the vicinity of the middle part of the tubular bundle 35. The upper part of the third ferrule 47 is at the level of the upper part of the heat exchanger.

La virole 47 est reliée par un joint de dilatation étanche au gaz 50 à la partie supérieure de la virole 45. Cette virole 47 est également reliée par un joint de dilatation étanche au gaz 52 à la partie supérieure de la seconde virole 46.The ferrule 47 is connected by a gas tight expansion joint 50 to the upper part of the ferrule 45. This ferrule 47 is also connected by a gas tight expansion joint 52 to the upper part of the second ferrule 46.

A sa sortie du faisceau tubulaire 35, le sodium secondaire, constituant le premier fluide en circulation dans l'échangeur de chaleur, pénètre dans un conduit annulaire 60 coaxial aux viroles 45, 46 et 47 relié à sa partie supérieure à un conduit 64 vers le générateur de vapeur.On leaving the tube bundle 35, the secondary sodium, constituting the first fluid in circulation in the heat exchanger, enters an annular conduit 60 coaxial with the ferrules 45, 46 and 47 connected at its upper part to a conduit 64 towards the steam generator.

Le sodium secondaire échauffé par le sodium primaire constituant le second fluide de l'echangeur est isolé dans le conduit 60 du sodium secondaire froid arrivant par la partie centrale de l'échangeur dans la chambre 42, par une double couche gazeuse.The secondary sodium heated by the primary sodium constituting the second fluid of the exchanger is isolated in the conduit 60 from the cold secondary sodium arriving via the central part of the exchanger in the chamber 42, by a double gaseous layer.

En effet, la chambre annulaire 54 étanche au gaz comprise entre les viroles 45 et 46 la chambre annulaire 55 comprise entre les viroles 46 et 47 sont remplies de gaz neutre, sur toute la longueur du conduit 60.In fact, the annular gas-tight chamber 54 between the ferrules 45 and 46 the annular chamber 55 between the ferrules 46 and 47 are filled with neutral gas, over the entire length of the conduit 60.

Le gaz neutre remplissant la chambre 54 est introduit dans cette chambre où il reste prisonnier après fermeture du joint souple 50. La chambre 55 est reliée à sa partie supérieure à un circuit 56 d'alimentation en gaz neutre à une pression régulée.The neutral gas filling the chamber 54 is introduced into this chamber where it remains trapped after closing the flexible seal 50. The chamber 55 is connected at its upper part to a circuit 56 for supplying neutral gas at a regulated pressure.

La partie inférieure de la chambre annulaire 54 débouche dans le sodium primaire constituant le second fluide de l'échangeur de chaleur en circulation en contact avec la surface externe des tubes 35 du faisceau. La pression du gaz neutre (par exemple de l'argon) envoyé dans la chambre 54 par le circuit régulé 56 permet de maintenir le niveau 59 de séparation entre le gaz neutre et le sodium primaire sous la plaque tubulaire 40.The lower part of the annular chamber 54 opens into the primary sodium constituting the second fluid of the circulating heat exchanger in contact with the external surface of the tubes 35 of the bundle. The pressure of the neutral gas (for example argon) sent into the chamber 54 by the regulated circuit 56 makes it possible to maintain the level 59 of separation between the neutral gas and the primary sodium under the tube plate 40.

On voit que le dispositif suivant l'invention a comme avantage principal de comporter une paroi interne du faisceau tubulaire constituant également le conduit d'arrivée du sodium secondaire dans l'échangeur, formée de trois viroles dont aucune n'est soudée à la fois aux deux plaques tubulaires du faisceau et qui ménagent entre elles des chambres d'isolation thermique remplies de gaz neutre. Ces viroles ne subissent que des contraintes faibles lors de l'utilisation de l'échangeur intermédiaire, ce qui accroît la sûreté de fonctionnement de l'échangeur de chaleur et peut permettre de simplifier sa conception.We see that the device according to the invention has the main advantage of comprising an internal wall of the tubular bundle also constituting the secondary sodium inlet conduit in the exchanger, formed of three ferrules, none of which is welded to both two tubular plates of the bundle which provide between them thermal insulation chambers filled with neutral gas. These ferrules are only subjected to low stresses during the use of the intermediate exchanger, which increases the operational reliability of the heat exchanger and can make it possible to simplify its design.

Les trois viroles constituant la paroi interne du faisceau peuvent se dilater indépendamment les unes des autres, puisque leures parties supérieures sont reliées par des joints de dilatation, tels que des soufflets.The three ferrules constituting the internal wall of the bundle can expand independently of each other, since their upper parts are connected by expansion joints, such as bellows.

L'invention ne se limite pas au mode de réalisation.The invention is not limited to the embodiment.

C'est ainsi que les viroles peuvent être reliées à leur partie supérieure de façon à permettre des dilatations différentielles, d'une façon différente et en utilisant des dispositifs de dilatation d'un type différent de soufflets. Le diamètre des différentes viroles peut par ailleurs ne pas être constant sur toute leur hauteur.This is how the ferrules can be connected to their upper part so as to allow differential expansions, in a different way and by using expansion devices of a different type of bellows. The diameter of the different ferrules may also not be constant over their entire height.

La troisième virole peut être prolongée vers le bas à une hauteur quelconque entre les deux plaques tubulaires du faisceau. La chambre comprise entre les deuxième et troisième viroles peut être reliée à un circuit de gaz neutre permettant une régulation de la pression de ce gaz neutre en fonction de la pression du sodium primaire dans le faisceau tubulaire.The third ferrule can be extended downwards to any height between the two tube plates of the bundle. The chamber between the second and third ferrules can be connected to a neutral gas circuit allowing regulation of the pressure of this neutral gas as a function of the pressure of the primary sodium in the tube bundle.

Enfin, l'invention s'applique à tout type d'échangeurs de chaleur intermédiaires d'un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides refroidi par un fluide quelconque.Finally, the invention applies to any type of intermediate heat exchangers of a fast neutron nuclear reactor cooled by any fluid.

L'invention s'applique à des échangeurs intermédiaires de réacteur intégré ou à des échangeurs de réacteurs à neutrons rapides du type à boucle placés alors dans des réservoirs extérieurs à la cuve.The invention applies to integrated reactor intermediate exchangers or to fast loop type neutron reactor exchangers then placed in tanks external to the tank.

Plus généralement, l'invention s'applique à tout échangeur de chaleur de grande dimension dont le premier fluide entre et sort de l'échangeur par sa partie supérieure.More generally, the invention applies to any large-sized heat exchanger whose first fluid enters and leaves the exchanger through its upper part.

Claims (3)

1. A heat exchanger for high temperature fluids one of which, the first fluid, enters the exchanger in its upper part, circulates upwards inside the exchanger in straight vertical tubes of a bundle (35) having an annular shape with a vertical axis, comprising an annular lower tube plate (39) and an annular upper tube plate (40) as well as a central cylindrical inner wall, coaxial with the bundle (35) serving as an entry duct (44) for the first fluid under the lower tube plate (39) and, finally, leaves the exchanger in its upper part through an annular exit duct (60) coaxial with the entry duct (44) for the fluids and thermally insulated from the latter, the second fluid circulating in contact with the outer surface of the tubes of the bundle (35), characterized by the fact that the inner wall serving as the entry duct (44) forthe first fluid consists of:
- a first cylindrical shell (45) with a vertical axis welded in its lower part to the lower tube plate (39) of the exchanger along its inner edge and connected in its upper part to an entry duct for the first fluid (48),
- a second cylindrical shell (46) coaxial with the first, fixed to the lower tube plate arranged outside the first shell (45) and extended upwards clearly above the upper tube plate (40),
- a third shell (47) coaxial with the first two, fixed to the upper tube plate (40) along its inner wall, arranged outside the second shell (46), extended downwards as far as a level situated between the two tube plates (39 and 40) and upwards essentially to the level of the upper part of the second shell (46),

the third shell (47) being joined to the upper part of the other two (45 and 46), along its upper edge so that a leakproof annular chamber (54) is formed by the first two shells (45 and 46) and filled with gas and that a chamber (55) opening with its lower part into the second fluid circulating in contact with bundle (35) is bounded by the second and the third shells (46 and 47), this last annular chamber (55) being connected to a source of inert gas.
2. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the fact that the third shell (47) is connected to the upper part of the other two (45 and 46) through the intermediary of expansion joints with bellows (50, 52).
3. The heat exchanger as claimed in either one of claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the source of inert gas connected to the second annular chamber is a circuit of inert gas (56) whose pressure maintains the level (59) of the second fluid below the upper tube plate (40).
EP83402128A 1982-11-05 1983-11-02 Heat exchanger for high temperature fluids in which one of the fluids enters and leaves by way of the superior part of the exchanger Expired EP0108690B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8218571A FR2535836A1 (en) 1982-11-05 1982-11-05 HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE FLUIDS WITH ONE OF THE FLUIDS BETWEEN AND EXIT FROM THE UPPER PART OF THE EXCHANGER
FR8218571 1982-11-05

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EP0108690A1 EP0108690A1 (en) 1984-05-16
EP0108690B1 true EP0108690B1 (en) 1985-07-31

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EP83402128A Expired EP0108690B1 (en) 1982-11-05 1983-11-02 Heat exchanger for high temperature fluids in which one of the fluids enters and leaves by way of the superior part of the exchanger

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US (1) US4585058A (en)
EP (1) EP0108690B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59107187A (en)
DE (1) DE3360473D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2535836A1 (en)

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JPS59107187A (en) 1984-06-21
US4585058A (en) 1986-04-29
EP0108690A1 (en) 1984-05-16
FR2535836A1 (en) 1984-05-11
FR2535836B1 (en) 1985-01-18
DE3360473D1 (en) 1985-09-05

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