EP0104315B1 - Device for influencing electromagnetic devices - Google Patents

Device for influencing electromagnetic devices Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0104315B1
EP0104315B1 EP83104881A EP83104881A EP0104315B1 EP 0104315 B1 EP0104315 B1 EP 0104315B1 EP 83104881 A EP83104881 A EP 83104881A EP 83104881 A EP83104881 A EP 83104881A EP 0104315 B1 EP0104315 B1 EP 0104315B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
status
address
magnetic
key
keys
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EP83104881A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0104315A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Fend
Bernhard Von Pentz
Herbert Schindler
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Mannesmann VDO AG
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Mannesmann VDO AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H19/00—Model railways
    • A63H19/30—Permanent way; Rails; Rail-joint connections
    • A63H19/32—Switches or points; Operating means therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for arbitrary electrical action on magnetic items, in particular switches of a model railroad system, with a central control unit for generating control signals that can be transmitted via lines to the magnetic items, with one group of magnetic items each being connected to a receiver that can be coded by an address switch is, the receivers are connected to the central control unit via a ring line with a number of lines independent of the number of solenoid accessories, and wherein the central control unit is set up to deliver digital data telegrams as control signals to the ring line, of which a data telegram each contains address data for Addressing one of the Manget redesign and command data to act on the addressed solenoid, as well as with a status memory for storing the status of the individual solenoid and with control means for status display of the Magnetar article.
  • Such a device is known from DE-A 24 33 025, the solenoid items being controlled by a program control unit in a time-programmed manner. Individual control and a status display on call is not possible.
  • a manually operated switch button is available for each switching device.
  • a bus line extends from the control unit, to which receivers for controlling the switching devices are connected, with each switching device being assigned a receiver.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to develop a device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that systems with magnetic articles can be set up flexibly with little wiring effort and without special knowledge and are nevertheless less susceptible to malfunction during operation.
  • the device is also intended to provide a prerequisite for the fact that the operating processes of the system can be easily adjusted.
  • ten receivers can be controlled using only one central control unit with, for example, ten address keys via a ring line with only a few wires.
  • Each receiver can in turn apply electricity to ten magnetic items according to the control. Only the lines between the magnetic articles and the receivers are, for example, three-wire. Since one receiver can be placed in the center of several neighboring solenoids, the total required cable lengths can be kept short.
  • the control or action on the solenoid takes place in such a way that two-digit numbers are specified with the address keys, of which the first digit identifies the recipient who evaluates the data telegram for the solenoid, while the second digit indicates the individual solenoid.
  • the data telegram generated by the central control unit thus contains a two-digit address in the decimal system, followed by a status date - for example, setting the switch to the right or to the left.
  • the signals are binary coded in the data telegram.
  • One receiver each is coded by setting its address switch in order to be assigned to the first decimal digit of the address.
  • the assignment of the second decimal digit to each address is done by connecting the solenoids to the output terminals of the receiver.
  • the result of this is that not only is the cabling or wiring effort for this device low, but also that only a few address keys are required to control a large number of magnetic articles.
  • the device can be used flexibly, since laypersons can also assign the addresses to the addresses by setting the address switches of the receivers with which they are encoded. Since the central control unit emits a binary-coded digital data telegram to control each solenoid, the reliability of the device can be assumed to be high. In particular, fluctuations in the signal strength of the data telegram, in particular due to contamination of contacts, can be tolerated to a large extent without faulty controls.
  • each controlled solenoid is still displayed after pressing the address keys in the address display means, for example as a two-digit decimal number.
  • the status of the addressed magnetic article is checked by the status display means, for example a red or green lamp, depending on whether a turnout is set to the left or to the right. If the appearing status of the solenoid does not correspond to the operator's ideas, the operator simply presses a status key for the desired status, which then transmits the data telegram with the solenoid selected address and the corresponding status command.
  • This obvious operation makes the device appear particularly suitable for upscale gaming purposes, all the more so since the effort for production is low, especially in the simplifying training given below.
  • Certain combinations of status states of the individual magnetic articles can be stored in the central control unit by the configuration of the device according to claim 3 and can be output by pressing only a few keys.
  • Various combinations of the positions or states of the individual magnetic articles can thus be conveniently and quickly set, for example for forming so-called routes in model railroad systems, after these data have been entered into the central control unit. This can be done in such a way that the display of the address display means and the status display means initially disappears by pressing the memory key. After pressing an address key, the address assigned to a specific route appears as a decimal number in the address display. If you then press the enter button, the turnouts or signal positions of the solenoid accessories are transferred to the additional memory after the address buttons and status buttons have been pressed.
  • the device After completion, the device automatically goes into the manual input mode that was described in connection with claims 1 and 2.
  • To call up a status sequence for forming a route first the memory key is pressed and then the address key which identifies the status sequence. Then the data telegrams are formed by pressing the call button and fed into the ring line, which act on the solenoid after decoding.
  • the ring line of the device according to claim 4 preferably has four wires.
  • the clock pulses generated by a clock generator in the microprocessor of the central control unit, which are passed to the receivers via a core of the ring line, are used for
  • the receivers are expediently constructed according to claim 5 as intelligent decoders with the adjustable address switch.
  • the intelligent decoder can expediently be implemented by a microprocessor.
  • the receiver is advantageously set up either to deliver a continuous current, to the solenoid addressed with a data telegram, or to generate a current pulse.
  • receiver to be adapted to the various articles in a variety of ways, for example on switches which can be actuated dynamically by pressure surges.
  • the arrangement of a matrix circuit between the outputs of the decoder and the magnetic articles will reduce the number of output stages required to adapt to the power requirements of the articles and the drivers connected upstream of them. For example, only four output stages in four rows and five output stages in five rows of the matrix circuit are required, that is to say only nine output stages and associated drivers, in order to optionally control ten outputs for magnetic articles, each with three lines in one direction or the other.
  • the address display means are advantageously designed according to claim 9 with seven-segment display elements.
  • Colored illuminated buttons are particularly suitable as status display means and can also be used to issue a status command.
  • a red and a green light button are used to display and display a straight setting of a switch or a curve setting.
  • 1 denotes a central control unit which is connected to a power supply unit 2.
  • a ring line 3 leads to several receivers, of which two receivers 4 and 5 are shown. Ten three-wire lines go out from each receiver, which are designated to the receiver 4 by 7-16.
  • a switch 6 is connected to the line 15 and can be switched over by two magnets, not shown. The switch is a magnetic article.
  • the entire facility is part of a model railway.
  • the core of the central control unit is a microprocessor 32 which is connected to a sixteen-key unit 33 via a four by four matrix.
  • the sixteen-key unit combines the address key 18 and the keys 22 to 25 provided for storing the status sequences.
  • An operating DC voltage from the power supply unit 36 is connected to a line 34 via the terminal 35.
  • two accumulators 37 are connected to the line 34 and prevent the memory from being erased when the operating voltage is switched off.
  • the microprocessor 32 controls two seven-segment display elements 39 and 39a of the address display means via a display decoder 38.
  • an additional memory 40 can be seen in FIG. 2, which is designed as a RAM memory and is used for storing status sequences.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the structure of a receiver with an intelligent decoder 41.
  • the decoder can be connected to the ring line via input terminals 42 to 45.
  • the operating voltage is smoothed by capacitors 46 and 47 and a stabilizer 48 and fed to a terminal V CC of the intelligent decoder.
  • a terminal RESET of the decoder is connected to the terminal V ce via a diode 49 and a resistor 50 and, on the other hand, is led to zero potential via a capacitor 51.
  • a terminal C ki of the decoder is connected to the terminal V ce via a further resistor 52 and is connected to earth potential via a capacitor 53.
  • FIG. 4 shows the output terminals 71 to 79 of the decoder, to which a four by five matrix circuit with driver stages 81 to 89 and output stages 91 to 99 are connected.
  • the collectors of the transistor transistors lead to ten three-pole outputs 01 to 010 for the magnetic articles.
  • the collectors are decoupled via diodes 100 to 108.
  • the microprocessor 32 controls all functions in the central control unit. Only eight lines 33a are routed between the key unit 33 and the microprocessor, since the key unit is connected in a four by four matrix.
  • the additional memory 40 which is designed as a RAM memory, is used in the manner already generally described for storing and outputting the status sequences which can be read in after actuation of the memory key 24 and the input key 23, for example to form a route with the magnetic articles.
  • the input is otherwise similar to the manual input using the address keys 18 and the command keys 20 and 21 in FIG. 1.
  • the display decoder 38 via which the microprocessor is connected to the seven-segment display elements 39, 39a of the address display means 17 , has a usual structure and mode of operation.
  • the adjustable address switch 63 of each receiver the decade of the addresses is set which are to have an effect on the articles connected to the receiver. For example, when the address switch is set to the first level, it is the first ten digits in decimal counting. Accordingly, at one of the first ten addresses, a signal will appear on the output terminal of terminals 71 to 79 corresponding to the address, depending on the position of the switch 68 as a permanent static signal or as a dynamic pulse, in order to refer to the associated articles in the act as desired.
  • the driver transistors 81 to 89 and the end transistors 91 to 99 are arranged.
  • the arrangement in the four by five matrix shown in Fig. 4 results in a reduction of the driver and final stage transistors from normally twenty, since there are two ten outputs (each of the ten outputs 01 to 010 is three-pole) to nine here.
  • a signal at the output terminal 71 of the decoder 41 causes the driver transistor 81 to bring the corresponding transistor 91 into conduction, which flows a current in the direction of arrow 109 across the first two terminals of the output 01 and the output stage transistor 95 and through the driver transistor 85 is also open because the driver transistor 85 is also controlled via the output terminal 75.

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Abstract

1. Apparatus for arbitrary electrical action on magnetic articles (6), especially switch points of a model railway layout, with a central control unit (1) for the production of control signals which are transmittable via conductors (3, 7-16) to the magnetic articles (6), wherein each group of magnetic articles (6) is connected to a respective receiver (4 or 5 respectively) which is codeable by an addressing switch (30 or 31), wherein the receivers (4, 5) are connected by means of a ring main (3) with a number of conductors (26-29) which is independent of the number of magnetic articles to the central control unit (1), and wherein the central control unit is adapted to deliver digital data telegrams as control signals to the ring main (3), a data telegram in each case comprising address data for the addressing of one of the magnetic articles (6) and instruction data for action on the addressed magnetic article (6), also with a status store for storing the status of the individual magnetic articles, and with control indication means for status indication of the magnetic articles (6), characterised in that the central control unit (1) comprises a microprocessor (32) which is connected to address keys (18) and to instruction keys (20, 21), for delivering the data telegrams in accordance with the particular address keys (18) and instruction keys (20, 21) which are operated at the time, and that the central control unit (1) comprises address indication means (17) for indicating the addressed magnetic article (6), and the status of each magnetic article (6) which is addressed is indicated by the control indication means, and the microprocessor (32) comprises the status store for storing the status of the individual magnetic articles under the associated address and is so arranged that through actuation of the address keys (18) corresponding to the addressing of a selected magnetic article (6) the address and a status stored for the said magnetic article (6) are representatable with the address indication means (17) and the status indication means (20, 21), and through actuation of a status key (20 or 21) not corresponding to the indicated status the corresponding data telegram is produced on the ring main (3).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zum willkürlichen elektrischen Einwirken auf Magnetartikel, insbesondere Weichen einer Modellbahnanlage, mit einer zentralen Steuereinheit zur Erzeugung von Steuersignalen, die über Leitungen zu den Magnetartikeln übertragbar sind, wobei je eine Gruppe von Magnetartikeln an je einen durch einen Adreßschalter kodierbaren Empfänger angeschlossen ist, wobei die Empfänger über eine Ringleitung mit einer von der Anzahl der Magnetartikel unabhängigen Anzahl Leitungen mit der zentralen Steuereinheit verbunden sind, und wobei die zentrale Steuereinheit zur Abgabe von digitalen Datentelegrammen als Steuersignale auf die Ringleitung eingerichtet ist, von denen jeweils ein Datentelegramm Adressendaten zur Adressierung eines der Mangetartikel und Befehlsdaten zur Einwirkung auf den adressierten Magnetartikel aufweist, sowie mit einem Statusspeicher zur Speicherung des Status der einzelnen Magnetartikel und mit Steuerungsmitteln zur Statusanzeige der Magnetartikel.The invention relates to a device for arbitrary electrical action on magnetic items, in particular switches of a model railroad system, with a central control unit for generating control signals that can be transmitted via lines to the magnetic items, with one group of magnetic items each being connected to a receiver that can be coded by an address switch is, the receivers are connected to the central control unit via a ring line with a number of lines independent of the number of solenoid accessories, and wherein the central control unit is set up to deliver digital data telegrams as control signals to the ring line, of which a data telegram each contains address data for Addressing one of the Mangetartikel and command data to act on the addressed solenoid, as well as with a status memory for storing the status of the individual solenoid and with control means for status display of the Magnetar article.

Eine derartige Einrichtung ist aus der DE-A 24 33 025 bekannt, wobei die Ansteuerung der Magnetartikel durch eine Programmsteuereinheit in zeitlich fest programmierter Weise erfolgt. Eine individuelle Ansteuerung sowie eine Statusanzeige auf Abruf ist nicht möglich.Such a device is known from DE-A 24 33 025, the solenoid items being controlled by a program control unit in a time-programmed manner. Individual control and a status display on call is not possible.

Aus der US-A-43 07 302 ist eine Einrichtung zum willkürlichen elektrischen Einwirken auf Schalteinrichtungen einer Modelleisenbahnanlage bekannt, die eine zentrale Steuereinheit zur Erzeugung von Steuersignalen besitzt.From US-A-43 07 302 a device for arbitrary electrical action on switching devices of a model railroad system is known, which has a central control unit for generating control signals.

Für jede Schalteinrichtung ist dabei ein manuell zu betätigender Schaltknopf vorhanden. Von der Steuereinheit geht eine Busleitung aus, an der Empfänger zur Ansteuerung der Schalteinrichtungen angeschlossen sind, wobei jeder Schalteinrichtung ein Empfänger zugeordnet ist.A manually operated switch button is available for each switching device. A bus line extends from the control unit, to which receivers for controlling the switching devices are connected, with each switching device being assigned a receiver.

Eine Steuerung einer Modelleisenbahn mittels eines Bussystems ist bereits auch schon aus "Funkschau, Band 51, Nr. 3, Seiten 163 bis 165, bekannt.Controlling a model train using a bus system is already known from "Funkschau, Volume 51, No. 3, pages 163 to 165.

Zu der vorliegenden Erfindung gehört daher die Aufgabe, eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Gattung so weiterzubilden, daß Anlagen mit Magnetartikeln bei geringem Verkabelungsaufwand ohne spezielle Kenntnisse flexibel aufgebaut werden können und trotzdem im Betrieb wenig störanfällig sind. Die Einrichtung soll ferner eine Voraussetzung dafür bieten, daß Betriebsabläufe der Anlage einfach eingestellt werden können.The object of the present invention is therefore to develop a device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that systems with magnetic articles can be set up flexibly with little wiring effort and without special knowledge and are nevertheless less susceptible to malfunction during operation. The device is also intended to provide a prerequisite for the fact that the operating processes of the system can be easily adjusted.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Ausbildung der Einrichtung mit den in dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Ausführungsarten.This object is achieved by training the device with the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. The dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments.

Mit dieser Einrichtung können unter Verwendung nur einer zentralen Steuereinheit mit beispielsweise zehn Adressentasten über eine Ringleitung mit nur wenigen Adern zehn Empfänger angesteuert werden. Jeder Empfänger kann wiederum zehn Magnetartikel entsprechend der Ansteuerung mit Strom beaufschlagen. Nur die Leitungen zwischen den Magnetartikeln und den Empfängern sind beispielsweise dreiadrig auszuführen. Da jeweils ein Empfänger in den Mittelpunkt mehrerer benachbarter Magnetartikel gesetzt werden kann, lassen sich so die gesamten erforderlichen Leitungslängen gering halten. Die Ansteuerung, bzw. Einwirkung auf die Magnetartikel erfolgt in der Weise, daß mit den Adressentasten zweistellige Zahlen vorgegeben werden, von denen die erste Ziffer den Empfänger kennzeichnet, welcher das Datentelegramm für die Magnetartikel auswertet, während die zweite Ziffer die einzelnen Magnetartikel angibt. Das von der zentralen Steuereinheit erzeugte Datentelegramm beinhaltet so jeweils eine - im Dezimalsystem - zweistellige Adresse, auf die ein Statusdatum - beispielsweise Weiche nach rechts oder nach links stellen - folgt. Die Signale sind in dem Datentelegramm binär kodiert. Je ein Empfänger wird durch Einstellung seines Adreßschalters kodiert, um der ersten Dezimalziffer der Adresse zugeordnet zu sein. Die Zuordnung der zweiten Dezimalziffer jeder Adresse erfolgt durch den Anschluß der Magnetartikel an die Ausgangsklemmen des Empfängers.With this device, ten receivers can be controlled using only one central control unit with, for example, ten address keys via a ring line with only a few wires. Each receiver can in turn apply electricity to ten magnetic items according to the control. Only the lines between the magnetic articles and the receivers are, for example, three-wire. Since one receiver can be placed in the center of several neighboring solenoids, the total required cable lengths can be kept short. The control or action on the solenoid takes place in such a way that two-digit numbers are specified with the address keys, of which the first digit identifies the recipient who evaluates the data telegram for the solenoid, while the second digit indicates the individual solenoid. The data telegram generated by the central control unit thus contains a two-digit address in the decimal system, followed by a status date - for example, setting the switch to the right or to the left. The signals are binary coded in the data telegram. One receiver each is coded by setting its address switch in order to be assigned to the first decimal digit of the address. The assignment of the second decimal digit to each address is done by connecting the solenoids to the output terminals of the receiver.

Daraus ergibt sich, daß nicht nur der Verkabelungs-, bzw. der Verdrahtungsaufwand für diese Einrichtung gering ist, sondern, daß zur Ansteuerung einer Vielzahl von Magnetartikeln auch nur wenige Adressentasten erforderlich sind. Die Einrichtung ist flexibel einsetzbar, da die Zuordnung der Empfänger zu den Adressen durch Einstellen der Adreßschalter der Empfänger, mit denen diese kodiert werden, auch durch den Laien vorgenommen werden kann. Da die zentrale Steuereinheit ein binär kodiertes digitales Datentelegramm zur Ansteuerung jedes Magnetartikels abgibt, kann von einer hohen Zuverlässigkeit der Einrichtung ausgegangen werden. Insbesondere können Schwankungen der Signalstärke des Datentelegramms, insbesondere durch Verschmutzung von Kontakten, in großem Maße ohne Fehlsteuerungen toleriert werden.The result of this is that not only is the cabling or wiring effort for this device low, but also that only a few address keys are required to control a large number of magnetic articles. The device can be used flexibly, since laypersons can also assign the addresses to the addresses by setting the address switches of the receivers with which they are encoded. Since the central control unit emits a binary-coded digital data telegram to control each solenoid, the reliability of the device can be assumed to be high. In particular, fluctuations in the signal strength of the data telegram, in particular due to contamination of contacts, can be tolerated to a large extent without faulty controls.

Mit dieser Einrichtung wird weiterhin jeder angesteuerte Magnetartikel nach Betätigung der Adressentasten in den Adressenanzeigemitteln, beispielsweise als zweistellige Dezimalzahl, angezeigt. Dabei erfolgt eine Kontrolle des Status des adressierten Magnetartikels durch die Statusanzeigemittel, beispielsweise eine rote oder grüne Lampe, je nach dem, ob eine Weiche nach links oder nach rechts eingestellt ist. Wenn der erscheinende Status des Magnetartikels nicht den Vorstellungen des Bedieners entspricht, betätigt dieser einfach eine Statustaste für den gewünschten Status, die dann die Abgabe des Datentelegramms mit der den Magnetartikel auswählenden Adresse und dem entsprechenden Statusbefehl veranlaßt. Diese sinnfällige Bedienung läßt die Einrichtung besonders für gehobene Spielzwecke geeignet erscheinen, um so mehr, als der Aufwand zur Herstellung vor allem bei den noch weiter unten angegebenen vereinfachenden Ausbildungen gering ist.With this device, each controlled solenoid is still displayed after pressing the address keys in the address display means, for example as a two-digit decimal number. The status of the addressed magnetic article is checked by the status display means, for example a red or green lamp, depending on whether a turnout is set to the left or to the right. If the appearing status of the solenoid does not correspond to the operator's ideas, the operator simply presses a status key for the desired status, which then transmits the data telegram with the solenoid selected address and the corresponding status command. This obvious operation makes the device appear particularly suitable for upscale gaming purposes, all the more so since the effort for production is low, especially in the simplifying training given below.

Eine Kontrolle der für die einzelnen Magnetartikel eingestellten Statuszustände kann besonders bequem bei einer Ausbildung der Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2 durchgeführt werden:

  • Hiernach ist es nur erforderlich, die niedrigste Adresse der zu kontrollierenden Magnetartikel durch Betätigung der Adressentasten einzustellen und, nachdem damit die zugehörige Statusanzeige erschienen ist, durch Betätigung der Schrittaste jeweils den Magnetartikel mit der nächst höheren Adresse anzuwählen. Es laufen dann synchron zu den Darstellungen der Adressen in dem Adressenanzeigemittel die Anzeigen der Statuszustände in den Statusanzeigemitteln ab.
The status states set for the individual magnetic articles can be checked particularly conveniently when the device is designed according to claim 2:
  • After this, it is only necessary to set the lowest address of the solenoid to be checked by pressing the address buttons and, after the associated status display has appeared, by pressing the step key to select the solenoid with the next higher address. The displays of the status states in the status display means then run synchronously with the representations of the addresses in the address display means.

Bestimmte Kombinationen von Statuszuständen der einzelnen Magnetartikel können durch die Ausgestaltung der Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3 in der zentralen Steuereinheit abgespeichert und durch Betätigung nur weniger Tasten ausgegeben werden. Es lassen sich dadurch verschiedene Kombinationen der Lagen oder Zustände der einzelnen Magnetartikel beispielsweise zum Bilden sogenannter Fahrstraßen in Modellbahnanlagen nach Eingabe dieser Daten in die zentrale Steuereinheit bequem und rasch einstellen. Dies kann im einzelnen in der Weise erfolgen, daß durch Drücken der Speichertaste zunächst die Anzeige der Adreßanzeigemittel und der Statusanzeigemittel verschwindet. Nach Drücken einer Adressentaste erscheint dann die einer bestimmten Fahrstraße zugeordnete Adresse als Dezimalzahl in der Adressenanzeige. Drückt man anschließend die Eingabetaste, so werden die Weichen oder Signalstellungen der Magnetartikel nach der beschriebenen Betätigung der Adressentasten und Statustasten in den Zusatzspeicher übernommen. Die Einrichtung geht nach Ablauf automatisch in den manuellen Eingabemodus, der im Zusammenhang mit den Ansprüchen 1 und 2 beschrieben wurde. Zum Abrufen einer Statusfolge zum Bilden einer Fahrstraße wird zunächst die Speichertaste gedrückt und sodann die Adreßtaste, welche die - Statusfolge kennzeichnet. Anschließend werden durch Betätigung der Abruftaste die Datentelegramme gebildet und in die Ringleitung gespeist, welche nach Dekodierung auf die Magnetartikel einwirken.Certain combinations of status states of the individual magnetic articles can be stored in the central control unit by the configuration of the device according to claim 3 and can be output by pressing only a few keys. Various combinations of the positions or states of the individual magnetic articles can thus be conveniently and quickly set, for example for forming so-called routes in model railroad systems, after these data have been entered into the central control unit. This can be done in such a way that the display of the address display means and the status display means initially disappears by pressing the memory key. After pressing an address key, the address assigned to a specific route appears as a decimal number in the address display. If you then press the enter button, the turnouts or signal positions of the solenoid accessories are transferred to the additional memory after the address buttons and status buttons have been pressed. After completion, the device automatically goes into the manual input mode that was described in connection with claims 1 and 2. To call up a status sequence for forming a route, first the memory key is pressed and then the address key which identifies the status sequence. Then the data telegrams are formed by pressing the call button and fed into the ring line, which act on the solenoid after decoding.

Wenn ein Netzteil zum Betrieb der Empfänge in der zentralen Steuereinheit enthalten ist, weist die Ringleitung der Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4 vorzugsweise vier Adern auf. Die durch einen Taktgenerator in dem Mikroprozessor der zentralen Steuereinheit erzeugten Taktimpulse, die über eine Ader der Ringleitung zu den Empfängern geleitet werden, dienen zurIf a power supply unit for operating the receptions is contained in the central control unit, the ring line of the device according to claim 4 preferably has four wires. The clock pulses generated by a clock generator in the microprocessor of the central control unit, which are passed to the receivers via a core of the ring line, are used for

Synchronisation der Empfänger mit der zentralen Steuereinheit zur Auswertung der Datentelegramme.Synchronization of the receiver with the central control unit for evaluating the data telegrams.

Die Empfänger sind zweckmäßig nach Anspruch 5 als intelligente Dekodierer mit dem einstellbaren Adreßschalter aufgebaut. Der intelligente Dekodierer kann zweckmäßig durch einen Mikroprozessor realisiert werden.The receivers are expediently constructed according to claim 5 as intelligent decoders with the adjustable address switch. The intelligent decoder can expediently be implemented by a microprocessor.

Vorteilhaft ist der Empfänger wahlweise auf die Abgabe eines Dauerstroms, an den mit einem Datentelegramm adressierten Magnetartikel oder zur Erzeugung eines Stromimpulses eingerichtet.The receiver is advantageously set up either to deliver a continuous current, to the solenoid addressed with a data telegram, or to generate a current pulse.

Damit kann der Empfänger vielfältig an die verschiedenen Artikel angepaßt werden, beispielsweise an Weichen, die durch Druckstöße dynamisch zu betätigen sind.This allows the receiver to be adapted to the various articles in a variety of ways, for example on switches which can be actuated dynamically by pressure surges.

Durch die Anordnung einer Matrixschaltung zwischen den Ausgängen des Dekodierers und den Magnetartikeln wird die Anzahl der zur Anpassung an den Leistungsbedarf der Artikel erforderlichen Endstufen sowie der diesen vorangeschalteten Treiber herabgesetzt werden. Beispielsweise sind so nur vier Endstufen in vier Zeilen und fünf Endstufen in fünf Reihen der Matrixschaltung erforderlich, also insgesamt nur neun Endstufen und zugehörige Treiber, um wahlweise zehn Ausgänge für Magnetartikel mit jeweils drei Leitungen in der einen oder anderen Richtung zu steuern.The arrangement of a matrix circuit between the outputs of the decoder and the magnetic articles will reduce the number of output stages required to adapt to the power requirements of the articles and the drivers connected upstream of them. For example, only four output stages in four rows and five output stages in five rows of the matrix circuit are required, that is to say only nine output stages and associated drivers, in order to optionally control ten outputs for magnetic articles, each with three lines in one direction or the other.

Die Adressenanzeigemittel sind vorteilhaft nach Anspruch 9 mit Sieben-Segment-Anzeigeelementen ausgebildet.The address display means are advantageously designed according to claim 9 with seven-segment display elements.

Als Statusanzeigemittel eignen sich hingegen besonders günstig farbige Leuchttasten, die zugleich zur Abgabe eines Statusbefehls verwendet werden können. Beispielsweise dienen eine rote und eine grüne Leuchttaste zur Anzeige und Darstellung einer geraden Einstellung einer Weiche oder einer Kurveneinstellung.Colored illuminated buttons, on the other hand, are particularly suitable as status display means and can also be used to issue a status command. For example, a red and a green light button are used to display and display a straight setting of a switch or a curve setting.

Die Erfindung wird an Beispielen im Folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung mit vier Figuren erläntert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf die Einrichtung mit einer zentralen Steuereinheit und zwei Empfängern,
  • Fig. 2 eine vereinfachte Schaltungsdarstellung der zentralen Steuereinkeit,
  • Fig. 3 eine Schaltungsdarstellung eines - Empfängers und
  • Fig. 4 Treiber- und Endstufen in Matrixanordnung.
The invention is illustrated below with examples using a drawing with four figures. Show it:
  • 1 is a plan view of the device with a central control unit and two receivers,
  • 2 shows a simplified circuit diagram of the central control unit,
  • Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a - receiver and
  • Fig. 4 driver and output stages in a matrix arrangement.

In Figur 1 ist mit 1 eine zentrale Steuereinheit bezeichnet, die mit einem Netzteil 2 in Verbindung steht. Zu der zentralen Steuereinheit führ eine Ringleitung 3 zu mehreren Empfängern, von denen zwei Empfänger 4 und 5 dargestellt sind. Von jedem Empfänger gehen zehn dreiadrige Leitungen ab, die zu dem Empfänger 4 mit 7 - 16 bezeichnet sind. An die Leitung 15 ist eine Weiche 6 angeschlossen die durch zwei nicht dargestellte Magnete umschaltbar ist. Die Weiche stellt einen Magnetartikel dar.In FIG. 1, 1 denotes a central control unit which is connected to a power supply unit 2. To the central control unit, a ring line 3 leads to several receivers, of which two receivers 4 and 5 are shown. Ten three-wire lines go out from each receiver, which are designated to the receiver 4 by 7-16. A switch 6 is connected to the line 15 and can be switched over by two magnets, not shown. The switch is a magnetic article.

Die gesamte Anlage ist Bestandteil einer Modelleisenbahn.The entire facility is part of a model railway.

Auf der Oberseite der zentralen Steuereinheit sind von oben nach unten erkennbar:

  • Adressenanzeigemittel 17 mit zwei Sieben-Segment-Anzeigeelementen
  • zehn Adressentasten 18
  • ein Hauptschalter 19, mit dem die Betriebsspannung für die zentrale Steuereinheit und die Empfänger 4 und 5 eingeschaltet werden können
  • als Statusanzeigemittel und Befehlstasten eine rote Leuchttaste 20 und eine grüne Leuchttaste 21
  • ein Schrittschalter 22 zur Abfrage eingespeicherter Statusfolgen
  • eine Eingabetaste zur Eingabe von Befehlen zum Aufbau einer Statusfolge 23
  • eine Speichertaste 24 zur Aktivierung des Speichers eine Aufruftaste 25 zum Aufrufen und Übertragen von Statusfolgen in die Magnetartikel.
On top of the central control unit are recognizable from top to bottom:
  • Address display means 17 with two seven-segment display elements
  • ten address keys 18
  • a main switch 19 with which the operating voltage for the central control unit and the receivers 4 and 5 can be switched on
  • a red light button 20 and a green light button 21 as status display means and command buttons
  • a step switch 22 for querying stored status sequences
  • an enter key for entering commands to build a status sequence 23
  • a memory button 24 for activating the memory, a call button 25 for calling and transmitting status sequences into the solenoid accessories.

In Figur 2 sind die vier Adenn der Ringleitung dargestellt, von denen die Ader 26 zur Übertragung der Datentelegramme dient, die Ader 27 zur Übertragung des Taktimpulses und die Adern 28 und 29 zur Übertragung der Betriebsspannung. Diese Adern sind in der Ringleitung 3 zusammengefasst. In Figur 1 sind noch die Adreßschalter 30 und 31 der Empfänger erkennbar.In Figure 2, the four wires of the ring line are shown, of which the wire 26 is used for the transmission of data telegrams, the wire 27 for the transmission of the clock pulse and the wires 28 and 29 for the transmission of the operating voltage. These wires are combined in the ring line 3. In Figure 1, the address switches 30 and 31 of the receiver can still be seen.

Wie weiter Fig. 2 zeigt, ist Kernstück der zentralen Steue einheit ein Mikroprozessor 32, der über eine vier mal vier Matrix mit einem Sechzehn-Tasten-Aggregat 33 in Verbindung steht. Das Sechzehn-Tasten-Aggregat faßt die Adressentaste 18 und die zur Speicherung der Statusfolgen vorgesehenen Tasten 22 bis 25 zusammen. An eine Leitung 34 ist über die Klemme 35 eine Betriebsgleichspannung von dem Netzteil 36 angeschlossen. Außerdem stehen mit der Leitung 34 zwei Akkumulatoren 37 in Verbindung, die das Löschen der Speicher bei Abschalten der Betriebsspannung verhindern.As further shown in FIG. 2, the core of the central control unit is a microprocessor 32 which is connected to a sixteen-key unit 33 via a four by four matrix. The sixteen-key unit combines the address key 18 and the keys 22 to 25 provided for storing the status sequences. An operating DC voltage from the power supply unit 36 is connected to a line 34 via the terminal 35. In addition, two accumulators 37 are connected to the line 34 and prevent the memory from being erased when the operating voltage is switched off.

Der Mikroprozessor 32 steuert über einen Anzeigedekoder 38 zwei Sieben-Segment-Anzeigenelemente 39 und 39a der Adresseanzeigemittel. Schließlich ist in Fig. 2 noch ein Zusatzspeicher 40 erkennbar, der als RAM-Speicher ausgebildet ist und zur Abspeicherung von Statusfolgen dient.The microprocessor 32 controls two seven-segment display elements 39 and 39a of the address display means via a display decoder 38. Finally, an additional memory 40 can be seen in FIG. 2, which is designed as a RAM memory and is used for storing status sequences.

Aus Fig. 3 geht schematisch der Aufbau eines Empfängers mit einem intelligenten Dekoder 41 hervor. Der Dekoder ist über Eingangsklemmen 42 bis 45 an die Ringleitung anschließbar. Die Betriebsspannung wird durch Kondensatoren 46 und 47 sowie einen Stabilisator 48 geglättet und einem Anschluß Vcc des intelligenten Dekodierers zugeführt. Ein Anschluß RESET des Dekoders ist über eine Diode 49 und einen Widerstand 50 mit dem Anschluß V ce verbunden und andererseits über einen Kondensator 51 zum Nullpotential geführt. Eine Klemme Cki des Dekoders steht über einen weiteren Widerstand 52 mit der Klemme V ce in Verbindung und ist über einen Kondensator 53 auf Erdpotential gelegt.3 schematically shows the structure of a receiver with an intelligent decoder 41. The decoder can be connected to the ring line via input terminals 42 to 45. The operating voltage is smoothed by capacitors 46 and 47 and a stabilizer 48 and fed to a terminal V CC of the intelligent decoder. A terminal RESET of the decoder is connected to the terminal V ce via a diode 49 and a resistor 50 and, on the other hand, is led to zero potential via a capacitor 51. A terminal C ki of the decoder is connected to the terminal V ce via a further resistor 52 and is connected to earth potential via a capacitor 53.

Von Ausgangsanschlüssen des Dekoders Lo bis L7 und Do führen Leitungen über je einen der Widerstände 54 bis 62 zu einer der Ausgangsklemmen 71 bis 79. Mit den Leitungen, die zu den Widerständen 55 bis 58 führen ist ferner ein Adreßschalter 63 für binär kodierte Dezimalzahlen über Dioden 64, 65, 66 und 67 verbunden. - Schließlich steht ein Schalter 68 zum Umschalten der Ausgänge von statischem auf dynamischen Betrieb mit einer Leitung 69 in Verbindung die den Adreßschalter 63 mit einem Emitteranschluß eines Transistors 70 verbindet.From output connections of the decoder Lo to L 7 and D o , lines lead via one of the resistors 54 to 62 to one of the output terminals 71 to 79. With the lines leading to the resistors 55 to 58 there is also an address switch 63 for binary-coded decimal numbers connected via diodes 64, 65, 66 and 67. - Finally, a switch 68 for switching the outputs from static to dynamic operation is connected to a line 69 which connects the address switch 63 to an emitter connection of a transistor 70.

In Fig. 4 sind wiederum die Ausgangsklemmen 71 bis 79 des Dekoders erkennbar, an den eine vier mal fünf Matrixschaltung mit Treiberstufen 81 bis 89 und Endstufen 91 bis 99 angeschlossen sind. Die Kollektoren der Endstufen Transistoren führen zu zehn je dreipoligen Ausgängen 01 bis 010 für die Magnetartikel. Die Kollektoren sind über Dioden 100 bis 108 entkoppelt.4 shows the output terminals 71 to 79 of the decoder, to which a four by five matrix circuit with driver stages 81 to 89 and output stages 91 to 99 are connected. The collectors of the transistor transistors lead to ten three-pole outputs 01 to 010 for the magnetic articles. The collectors are decoupled via diodes 100 to 108.

Die Funktion der Einrichtung mit der zentralen Steuereinheit und den Empfängenn ist bereits in dem allgemeinen Beschreibungsteil beschrieben worden.The function of the device with the central control unit and the receivers has already been described in the general description part.

Zusätzlich wird zu Fig. 2 bemerkt, daß der Mikroprozessor 32 sämtliche Funktionen in der zentralen Steuereinheit steuert. Zwischen dem Tastenaggregat 33 und dem Mikroprozessor sind nur acht Leitungen 33a geführt, da das Tastenaggregat in einer vier mal vier Matrix geschaltet ist. Der Zusatzspeicher 40, der als RAM-Speicher ausgeführt ist, dient in der bereits allgemein beschriebenen Weise zur Abspeicherung und Ausgabe der nach Betätigung der Speichertaste 24 und der Eingabe-taste 23 einlesbaren Statusfolgen zur Bildung beispielsweise einer Fahrstraße mit den Magnetartikeln. Die Eingabe erfolgt dabei im übrigen ähnlich wie die manuelle Eingabe mit den Adreßtasten 18 und den Befehlstasten 20 und 21 in Figur 1. - Der Anzeigendekoder 38, über den der Mikroprozessor mit den Sieben-Segment-Anzeigenelementen 39, 39a der Adressenanzeigemittel 17 in Verbindung steht, hat einen üblichen Aufbau und Wirkungsweise.In addition to FIG. 2, it is noted that the microprocessor 32 controls all functions in the central control unit. Only eight lines 33a are routed between the key unit 33 and the microprocessor, since the key unit is connected in a four by four matrix. The additional memory 40, which is designed as a RAM memory, is used in the manner already generally described for storing and outputting the status sequences which can be read in after actuation of the memory key 24 and the input key 23, for example to form a route with the magnetic articles. The input is otherwise similar to the manual input using the address keys 18 and the command keys 20 and 21 in FIG. 1. The display decoder 38, via which the microprocessor is connected to the seven-segment display elements 39, 39a of the address display means 17 , has a usual structure and mode of operation.

Die Datentelegramme, die über die Leitung 26 von dem Mikroprozessor 32 der zentralen Steuereinheit in die Ringleitung 3 eingespeist werden, gelangen zu jedem der einzel nen Empfänger, beispielsweise dem in Fig. 3 dargestellten Empfänger. Mit dem einstellbaren Adreßschalter 63 jedes Empfängers wird die Dekade der Adressen eingestellt, die eine Einwirkung auf die an den Empfähnger angeschlossenen Artikel hervorrufen sollen. Beispielsweise sind es bei der Einstellung des Adreßschalters auf die erste Stufe die ersten zehn Ziffern in dekadischer Zählweise. Dementsprechend wird bei einer der ersten zehn Adressen in dekadischer Zänlweise ein Signal auf der der Adresse entsprechenden Ausgangsklemme der Klemmen 71 bis 79 erscheinen, und zwar je nach der Lage des Schalters 68 als statisches Dauersignal oder als dynamischer Impuls, um auf die zugehörigen Artikel in der gewünschten Weise einzuwirken.The data telegrams which are fed via line 26 from microprocessor 32 of the central control unit into ring line 3 arrive at each of the individual receivers, for example the receiver shown in FIG. 3. With the adjustable address switch 63 of each receiver, the decade of the addresses is set which are to have an effect on the articles connected to the receiver. For example, when the address switch is set to the first level, it is the first ten digits in decimal counting. Accordingly, at one of the first ten addresses, a signal will appear on the output terminal of terminals 71 to 79 corresponding to the address, depending on the position of the switch 68 as a permanent static signal or as a dynamic pulse, in order to refer to the associated articles in the act as desired.

Zwischen die zehn Artikel, die an die Ausgänge 01 bis 010 in Fig. 4 angeschlossen sind und die zehn Ausgangsklemmen 71 bis 79 des Dekoders 41 sind die Treibertransistoren 81 bis 89 und die Endtransistoren 91 bis 99 angeordnet. Die Anordnung in der in Fig. 4 dargestellten vier mal fünf Matrix ergibt eine Reduktion der Treiber- und der Endstufentransistoren von normalerweise zwanzig, da zweimal zehn Ausgänge vorhanden sind (jeder der zehn Ausgänge 01 bis 010 ist dreipolig), auf hier neun. Beispielsweise bewirkt ein Signal an der Ausgangsklemme 71 des Dekoders 41, daß der Treibertransistor 81 den entsprechenden Transistor 91 in den leitenden Zustand versetzt, der einen Strom in Richtung des Pfeils 109 über die beiden ersten Klemmen des Ausgangs 01 und den Endstufentransistor 95 fließt und der durch den Treibertransistor 85 ebenfalls geöffnet ist, weil auch der Treibertransistor 85 über die Ausgangsklemme 75 angesteuert wird.Between the ten articles connected to the outputs 01 to 010 in Fig. 4 and the ten output terminals 71 to 79 of the decoder 41, the driver transistors 81 to 89 and the end transistors 91 to 99 are arranged. The arrangement in the four by five matrix shown in Fig. 4 results in a reduction of the driver and final stage transistors from normally twenty, since there are two ten outputs (each of the ten outputs 01 to 010 is three-pole) to nine here. For example, a signal at the output terminal 71 of the decoder 41 causes the driver transistor 81 to bring the corresponding transistor 91 into conduction, which flows a current in the direction of arrow 109 across the first two terminals of the output 01 and the output stage transistor 95 and through the driver transistor 85 is also open because the driver transistor 85 is also controlled via the output terminal 75.

Claims (10)

1. Apparatus for arbitrary electrical action on magnetic articles (6), especially switch points of a model railway layout, with a central control unit (1) for the production of control signals which are transmittable via conductors (3, 7-16) to the magnetic articles (6), wherein each group of magnetic articles (6) is connected to a respective receiver (4 or 5 respectively) which is codeable by an addressing switch (30 or 31), wherein the receivers (4, 5) are connected by means of a ring main (3) with a number of conductors (26-29) which is independent of the number of magnetic articles to the central control unit (1), and wherein the central control unit is adapted to deliver digital data telegrams as control signals to the ring main (3), a data telegram in each case comprising address data for the addressing of one of the magnetic articles (6) and instruction data for action on the addressed magnetic article (6), also with a status store for storing the status of the individual magnetic articles, and with control indication means for status indication of the magnetic articles (6), characterised in that the central control unit (1) comprises a microprocessor (32) which is connected to address keys (18) and to instruction keys (20, 21), for delivering the data telegrams in accordance with the particular address keys (18) and instruction keys (20, 21) which are operated at the time, and that the central control unit (1) comprises address indication means (17) for indicating the addressed magnetic article (6), and the status of each magnetic article (6) which is addressed is indicated by the control indication means, and the microprocessor (32) comprises the status store for storing the status of the individual magnetic articles under the associated address and is so arranged that through actuation of the address keys (18) corresponding to the addressing of a selected magnetic article (6) the address and a status stored for the said magnetic article (6) are representatable with the address indication means (17) and the status indication means (20, 21), and through actuation of a status key (20 or 21) not corresponding to the indicated status the corresponding data telegram is produced on the ring main (3).
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised by a step key (22) connected with the microprocessor (32), and such a construction of the microprocessor (32) that at each short- duration actuation of the step key (22) the next higher address of the status store in a cycle is interrogated and the status is indicated, and that in the event of relatively long actuation of the step key (22) the addresses are automatically interrogated one after the other in a predetermined rhythm.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterised in that there are connected with the microprocessor (32) an additional store (40) in which status data of the magnetic articles which can be automatically called in a predetermined sequence are stored, also a store key (24), an input key (23) and a calling key (25), and the microprocessor (32) is so arranged that after actuation of the store key (24) and of an address key (18) for characterising a status sequence and actuation of address keys (18) for the individual magnetic articles (6) and a status key (20, 21) it is possible to put into store successively the status sequence for a plurality of magnetic articles (6), and that this status sequence is transmittable to the magnetic articles (6) by pressing the store key (24), the address key (18) associated with the status sequence, and the calling key (25).
4. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterised in that the ring main (3) comprises four wires (26-29) whereof the first wire (26) transmits the data telegrams, the second wire (27) conducts timing pulses, and the third and fourth conductors (28, 29) are provided for current supply.
5. Apparatus according to one of claims 1-3, characterised in that each receiver (4, 5) comprises an intelligent decoder (41) which is adjustable by means of the addressing switch (63) to the address sequence of e.g. 10 addresses with which magnetic articles connected to the output.of the decoder (71-79) are associated.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterised in that the receiver (4 or 5) is selectively adjustable (68) to deliver a constant current to the magnetic article (6) addressed with a data telegram or for production of a current pulse.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that final stages (91-99) are arranged in a matrix circuit between the outputs (71 and 79) of the decoder (41) and the magnetic articles (6) (Fig. 4).
8. Apparatus according to one of claims 1-3, characterised in that the address keys (18) are connected via a matrix (33) to the inputs of the microprocessor (32).
9. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterised in that the address indication means (17) comprise seven-segment display or indication elements (39, 39a) which are connected by way of an indication decoder (38) with outputs of the microprocessor 832).
10. Apparatus according to one of claims 1-3, characterised in that the status indication means and status instruction keys are realised by two coloured illuminated keys (20,21).
EP83104881A 1982-09-13 1983-05-18 Device for influencing electromagnetic devices Expired EP0104315B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83104881T ATE19001T1 (en) 1982-09-13 1983-05-18 DEVICE FOR RANDOM ELECTRICAL EXPOSURE TO MAGNETIC ARTICLES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3233945 1982-09-13
DE19823233945 DE3233945A1 (en) 1982-09-13 1982-09-13 FURNISHING SYSTEM FOR Arbitrary Electrical Intervention on Magnetic Items

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EP0104315A1 EP0104315A1 (en) 1984-04-04
EP0104315B1 true EP0104315B1 (en) 1986-04-09

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DE10204542A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-08-21 Maerklin & Cie Gmbh Geb Light signaling device for a model train
FR2848872B1 (en) * 2002-12-18 2005-05-27 Wany Sa METHOD FOR CONTROLLING MOBILE OBJECTS, IN PARTICULAR MINIATURE CARS, IMPLEMENTING A MULTI-CHANNEL GUIDE PROCESS AND SYSTEM USING SUCH A METHOD

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FR2062296A5 (en) * 1969-10-13 1971-06-25 Honeywell Inc
DE2433025A1 (en) * 1974-07-10 1976-01-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AND MONITORING ELECTRICAL SWITCHING OPERATIONS, IN PARTICULAR IN MOTOR VEHICLES
US4307302A (en) * 1977-07-18 1981-12-22 Russell Jack A Electronic control system

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DE3362887D1 (en) 1986-05-15
EP0104315A1 (en) 1984-04-04
DE3233945A1 (en) 1984-03-15

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