EP0103167B1 - Circuit breaker with leakage current release - Google Patents

Circuit breaker with leakage current release Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0103167B1
EP0103167B1 EP19830107884 EP83107884A EP0103167B1 EP 0103167 B1 EP0103167 B1 EP 0103167B1 EP 19830107884 EP19830107884 EP 19830107884 EP 83107884 A EP83107884 A EP 83107884A EP 0103167 B1 EP0103167 B1 EP 0103167B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tripping
neutral conductor
conductor
circuit breaker
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830107884
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0103167A1 (en
Inventor
Gottfried Prof.-Dr. Biegelmeier
G.R.C. Mcdowell
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Germany
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Brown Boveri und Cie AG Germany
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Priority claimed from AT314382A external-priority patent/AT374969B/en
Priority claimed from AT64083A external-priority patent/AT378444B/en
Application filed by Brown Boveri und Cie AG Germany filed Critical Brown Boveri und Cie AG Germany
Publication of EP0103167A1 publication Critical patent/EP0103167A1/en
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Publication of EP0103167B1 publication Critical patent/EP0103167B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/002—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00 with provision for switching the neutral conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H83/22—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages
    • H01H83/226—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages with differential transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/002—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00 with provision for switching the neutral conductor
    • H01H2071/004—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00 with provision for switching the neutral conductor with a tripping or current sensing device in the neutral wire, e.g. for third harmonics in a three fase system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/02—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents
    • H01H83/04—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents with testing means for indicating the ability of the switch or relay to function properly
    • H01H2083/045—Auxiliary switch opening testing circuit in synchronism with the main circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE-B-1 169 015 such a switch, in which a component is attached to a component designed as an LS-Schlater, transverse to the connecting line of the terminals, which contains the RCD.
  • a transmission element is provided between the two components for the FI release to act on the switching mechanism.
  • DE-B-1 563 827 also uses a residual current circuit breaker for a combined residual current circuit breaker, to which independent switches, in particular circuit breakers, are attached, the switch locks of which are coupled to one another in a suitable manner.
  • the magnetic release in the switching alignment of the neutral conductor and the associated switching lock have essentially the same components as the magnetic release and the switching locks in the switching alignment of the phase conductors.
  • the release coil of the magnetic release in the neutral circuit with the appropriate number of turns is connected to the mains via the electronic circuit and actuates the magnetic release when an FI flows.
  • the current path of the neutral conductor is uninterrupted via the summation current transformer to the connection terminals. It is thereby achieved that practically the same components can be used for RCD tripping, with the exception of the tripping coil, as for tripping overcurrent in the switching lines of the phase conductors. This, however, is extremely economical and, in terms of reliability, that is what triggers residual current same level as usual with overcurrent tripping.
  • every residual current circuit breaker has a test device, when actuated in the switch via a current limiting resistor, an artificial residual current flows, which triggers the circuit breaker.
  • This FI is always higher than the tripping nominal fault current of the circuit breaker.
  • the relevant regulations usually stipulate that when the test device is actuated, the flooding resulting from the test current in the summation current transformer of the circuit breaker is canceled.
  • the current path of the neutral conductor, together with the current paths of the phase conductors, is routed via the summation current transformer, but is not routed via the break contact, i. H. It directly connects the two terminals for the mains and consumer neutral conductor connections.
  • the break contact in the neutral circuit is used instead as an auxiliary contact for switching off the mains voltage supply for the test circuit and the electronic amplification device.
  • the invention not only reduces the various components required for such a circuit breaker, but also brings the same tripping reliability as was previously customary with circuit breakers.
  • the fact that the same switch components are used for RCD tripping as for overcurrent tripping results in a robust, reliable and economical switching device, which should be of great importance in the future, especially for the protection of socket circuits.
  • one or both neutral conductor terminals be designed so that the connection to the neutral conductor can be easily and visibly disconnected using a tool (screwdriver) without moving it (neutral conductor disconnect terminal).
  • Figure 1 shows the elevation of a closed circuit breaker, consisting of juxtaposed components (switch alignments 1) for the phase conductor L1 with this associated terminals 13a and 14a and two for the neutral conductor N with this associated terminals 13b and 14b.
  • the actuator of the circuit breaker consists of coupled together Shift knobs 12a and 12b. The coupling of the switch locks inside the circuit breaker is not visible.
  • the circuit breaker which acts as a circuit breaker with FI- Tripping is designed and acts as a test device 15, with which a test circuit is closed when pressing a push button 15a, in which the test error current flows. Such a test device as such is known.
  • FIG. 2 shows the interior of the switching alignment for the phase conductor L1.
  • a connecting conductor 20 runs from the connection terminal 13a through a first opening 21 in the housing side wall of the circuit breaker, through which it leads to the FI component (see below). From there it is reinserted into the circuit breaker through a second opening 22 and is connected to one end of a thermal overcurrent release 4. At the other end of the overcurrent release 4 there is a connecting line 23 which leads to the coil of a magnetic release 3a. Its end is electrically connected via a further connecting line 24 to a contact lever 5, the free end of which has a movable contact piece 8 which cooperates with a fixed contact piece 9 fastened to an arc guide rail 25, which leads to the connecting terminal 14a.
  • the contact point 8/9 is assigned an arc quenching plate pact 10.
  • a switch lock which consists of a rotatably mounted double arm lever 11 which is articulated to a knee joint lever arrangement 26 at one end; In the area of the knee of the knee joint lever arrangement 26, a connecting rod 27 is provided towards the switching toggle 12a. The other end of the knee joint lever arrangement 26 is articulated on the contact lever 5.
  • the double-arm lever 11 interacts with a latch lever 28 such that the double-arm lever is supported against the latch lever 28.
  • a transmission lever 29 the movement of the bimetallic or thermal overcurrent release 4 is transmitted to the latch lever 28, so that under the pressure of a contact opening spring 30, when the latch lever 28 is pivoted, the lock is released clockwise, so that the switching mechanism locks the movable contact lever 5 can spend in the off position.
  • the latch lever 28 is additionally actuated by the magnetic trigger 3a in such a way that the armature 6 is knocked out to the left of the magnetic trigger 3a when a short-circuit current occurs and thus sets the latch lever 28 in rotation.
  • the armature 6 of the quick release or the magnetic release 3a is additionally connected to the movable contact lever 5 via a mechanical coupling 7, which supports the opening movement of this contact lever. The arc is thereby driven quickly into the arc extinguishing sheet pack 10 by the movable contact lever 5 and the fixed contact piece 9 cooperating therewith.
  • a test line 31 is also connected to the arc guide rail 25 and has a contact point 32 which can be bridged by means of the test device 15.
  • the test line 31 is led through a third opening 33 in the housing to the residual current component (see further below).
  • FIG. 3 shows the interior of the switching alignment for the neutral conductor N, which is led through the summation current transformer 16, but does not end at the movable contact lever, but is connected to the connection terminal 14b.
  • the neutral conductor N is electrically and galvanically connected via an intermediate line 40 both to a line branch 41 and to a line branch 42, which line branch is introduced into the circuit breaker component via openings, which are not numbered in more detail, and contains the test device 15 there.
  • the test device is connected to the fixed contact piece 9 via a conductor 43 and to the amplifier 17 via an intermediate piece 44.
  • the phase conductor 20 is connected to the movable contact lever 5 via a connecting conductor 20a.
  • the tripping coil of the electromagnetic quick release 3b is no longer in the main circuit, but is connected to the mains voltage when a fault current flows through the amplifier, as a result of which the circuit breaker triggers with the aid of the mains energy.
  • the main current path of the neutral conductor thus connects the terminals directly and leads via the summation current transformer.
  • the power supply line from the test device and amplifier goes from the phase conductor to the break contact, the spring 30 providing the necessary contact pressure.
  • FIG. 4 shows the circuit arrangement of the component according to FIG. 3 including test device 15 according to FIG. 2.
  • the connection terminals of the phase conductor are 14a and 13a and those of the neutral conductor 14b and 13b.
  • the terminals 14a and 14b are connected to the network and the terminals 13a and 13b are connected to the consumer.
  • the supply line leads from the phase conductor L1 to the test device 15 via the contact point 8a19a, which opens when triggered together with the main contact point 8/9. This makes it irrelevant whether mains voltage is present at the K-terminal pairs 14a114b or at the terminal pairs 13a / 13b. In any case, the line to the test device 15 is opened by the contact point 8a / 9a.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Leitungsschutzschalter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.

Kombinierte Leitungsschutzschalter- Fehlerstromschutzschalter sind bekannt. Fehlerstrom wird im folgenden durch Fl, Leitungsschutz durch LS abgekürzt.Combined miniature circuit breakers-residual current circuit breakers are known. In the following, fault current is abbreviated by Fl, line protection by LS.

In den kommenden Jahren wird der Bedarf an LS-Schaltern mit FI-Auslösung ansteigen. Dies zeichnet sich in der Entwicklung der Errichtungsvorschriften bereits jetzt ab, wobei die Ursachen einerseits in einem Wunsch nach höherer Sicherheit der elektrischen Anlagen und andererseits im Bedürfnis nach einer größeren Zuverlässigkeit der Schutzschalter liegen. Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang aus der Literaturstelle Biegelmeier, Höniger, « Das Prinzip der dreifachen Sicherheit für die Schutzmaßnahmen beim indirekten Berühren », ÖZE 34. Jg. (1981), H6, S. 185 bis 194 bekannt, daß schon vor zwanzig Jahren ein erweiterter Schutzumfang für die Schutzmaßnahmen beim indirekten Berühren als «vollkommener Fehlerschutz vorgeschlagen worden ist, was sich jedoch nur langsam durchsetzen konnte. Die Grundidee bestand in der Forderung, mit hochempfindlichen FI-Schutzschaltern zusätzlich zu den damals üblichen Schutzmaßnahmen beim indirekten Berühren auch gegen direktes Berühren zu schützen. Mit weiteren Erkenntnissen und Fortschritten in der Elektropathologie wurden diese Gedanken wichtig und heute weiß man, wie in der Literaturstelle Biegelmeier, « Über die Auslöseempfindlichkeiten und die Auslösezeiten von FI-Schutzschaltern • , E und M, 98 Jg. 1981, H 9, S. 374 bis 379, ausführlich dargestellt, sehr genau, welche Anforderungen an die Schutzmaßnahmen beim indirekten Berühren hinsichtlich der Auslösezeiten gestellt werden müssen.The demand for miniature circuit breakers with RCD tripping will increase in the coming years. This is already evident in the development of the installation regulations, whereby the causes lie, on the one hand, in a desire for greater safety in the electrical systems and, on the other hand, in the need for greater reliability of the circuit breakers. In this context, it is known from the literature reference Biegelmeier, Höniger, "The principle of triple security for protective measures against indirect contact", ÖZE 34th vol. (1981), H6, pp. 185 to 194, that a twenty years ago Extended scope of protection for protective measures against indirect contact has been proposed as “complete error protection, which, however, was only able to establish itself slowly. The basic idea was to use highly sensitive residual current circuit breakers to protect against direct contact in addition to the protective measures that were customary at the time for indirect contact. With further knowledge and advances in electropathology, these thoughts became important and today we know, as in the literature Biegelmeier, «About the tripping sensitivity and the tripping times of RCCBs •, E and M, 98 vol. 1981, H 9, p. 374 to 379, detailed, very precisely what requirements must be placed on the protective measures for indirect contact with regard to the tripping times.

Damit wird sich aber das Prinzip der dreifachen Sicherheit in den kommenden Jahren weitgehend durchsetzen und in allen elektrischen Anlagen werden die Steckdosenstromkreise oder Räume mit besonderer Gefährdung zusätzlich durch hochempfindliche FI-Schutzschalter geschützt werden. Diese Entwicklung ist heute schon in den IEC-Entwürfen zu erkennen, in denen z. B für Badezimmer dieser zusätzliche Schutz gefordert wird. Es liegt auf der Hand, daß damit die erforderlichen Stückzahlen der Schutzschalter mit Auslösenennfehlerströmen unter 30 mA stark ansteigen werden. Damit treten aber Wirtschaftlichkeitsfragen in den Vordergrund und man wird hier sicher für den Schutz dieser einzelnen Stromkreise den Überstromschutz mit dem FI-Schutz kombinieren, wie es etwa heute bereits der skizzierte Stand der Technik tut. Demgemäß ist auf einfache Montierbarkeit und Produktion der Schalter mehr und mehr Wert zu legen. So beschreibt z. B. die DE-B-1 169 015 einen derartigen Schalter, bei dem an einem als LS-Schlater ausgebildeten Bauteil quer zur Verbindungslinie der Anschlußklemmen ein Bauteil angesetzt ist, das den FI-Auslöser enthält. Dabei ist zwischen den beiden Bauteilen ein Übertragungsglied zum Einwirken des FI-Auslösers auf das Schaltschloß vorgesehen. In der DE-B-1 256 775 wird versucht, das Problem dadurch zu lösen, daß bei mehrpoligen Schaltern die Aufnahmeräume für die Schaltkontakte parallel zueinander und parallel zur Verbindungslinie der Anschlußklemmen angeordnet sind und daß der Schalterraum in drei Raumteile aufgeteilt ist, in denen Schaltpole und Lichtbogenlöschvorrichtung in einem Raumteil, Kurzschluß- und Überstromauslöser sowie Schaltermechanik und Summenstromwandler in einem zweiten Raumteil, Fehlerstromrelais und Prüfeinrichtung in einem dritten Raumteil untergebracht sind. Eine Erdschlußschutzvorrichtung ist in der GB-A-11 07 879 behandelt, bei der neben einem FI-Auslöser auch eine Überstromsicherung vorgesehen ist. Die Ausführungen beziehen sich jedoch ausschließlich auf den elektrischen Schaltungsaufbau und geben keinerlei Hinweis zum konstruktiven Aufbau.However, the principle of triple safety will largely prevail in the coming years and in all electrical systems the socket circuits or rooms with particular risk will also be protected by highly sensitive RCCBs. This development can already be seen in the IEC drafts, in which e.g. B this additional protection is required for bathrooms. It is obvious that the required number of circuit breakers with rated fault currents below 30 mA will increase significantly. However, economic issues come to the fore and one will surely combine overcurrent protection with residual current protection for the protection of these individual circuits, as is already the case with the current state of the art. Accordingly, easy mounting and production of the switches is becoming more and more important. For example, B. DE-B-1 169 015 such a switch, in which a component is attached to a component designed as an LS-Schlater, transverse to the connecting line of the terminals, which contains the RCD. A transmission element is provided between the two components for the FI release to act on the switching mechanism. In DE-B-1 256 775 an attempt is made to solve the problem by arranging the receptacle spaces for the switch contacts parallel to one another and parallel to the connecting line of the connection terminals in the case of multipole switches and in that the switch space is divided into three parts, in which switch poles and arc quenching device in one part of the room, short-circuit and overcurrent release as well as switch mechanics and summation current transformers in a second part of the room, fault current relays and test equipment in a third part of the room. An earth-fault protection device is dealt with in GB-A-11 07 879, in which an overcurrent protection device is provided in addition to an FI release. However, the explanations refer exclusively to the electrical circuit structure and do not give any indication of the structural structure.

Auch die DE-B-1 563 827 verwendet für einen kombinierten FI-LS-Schalter einen FI-Schutzschalter, an den selbständige Schalter, insbesondere LS-Schalter angesetzt sind, deren Schaltschlösser in geeigneter Weise miteinander gekuppelt sind.DE-B-1 563 827 also uses a residual current circuit breaker for a combined residual current circuit breaker, to which independent switches, in particular circuit breakers, are attached, the switch locks of which are coupled to one another in a suitable manner.

Alle genannten Konstruktionen sind relativ aufwendig, erfordern entweder eine zusätzliche Schaltflucht oder besondere Schloßteile und einen speziellen Magnetauslöser.All of the above constructions are relatively complex and require either an additional switch alignment or special lock parts and a special magnetic release.

Die Erfindung setzt sich nun zum Ziel, einen LS-Schalter mit FI-Auslösung zu schaffen, der sowohl in Bezug auf Wirtschaftlichkeit als auch in Bezug auf Zuverlässigkeit der Auslösung wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber den bisher bekannten Lösungen bietet. Dabei soll der Schalter montagefreundlich sein, so daß beim Anschluß Netz- und Verbraucherseite beliebig vertauscht werden können.The invention now aims to provide a miniature circuit breaker with RCD tripping that offers significant advantages over the previously known solutions both in terms of economy and in terms of tripping reliability. The switch should be easy to install, so that the mains and consumer side can be interchanged when connecting.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Der Magnetauslöser in der Schaltflucht des Neutralleiters und das zugehörige Schaltschloß besitzen im wesentlichen die gleichen Bauteile wie die Magnetauslöser und die Schaltschlösser in den Schaltfluchten der Phasenleiter. Die Auslösespule des Magnetauslösers in der Neutralleiterschaltflucht mit entsprechender Windungszahl ist über die elektronische Schaltung mit dem Netz verbunden und betätigt beim Fließen eines FI den Magnetauslöser. Die Strombahn des Neutralleiters ist über den Summenstromwandler zu den Anschlußklemmen unterbrechungsfrei geführt. Man erreicht dadurch, daß für die FI-Auslösung, mit Ausnahme der Auslösespule, praktisch die gleichen Bauteile verwendet werden können wie für die Übertromauslösung in den Schaltfluchten der Phasenleiter. Damit ist aber größte Wirtschaftlichkeit gegeben und in Bezug auf die Zuverlässigkeit wird für die Fehlerstromauslösung das gleiche Niveau erreicht wie bisher bei der Überstromauslösung üblich.The magnetic release in the switching alignment of the neutral conductor and the associated switching lock have essentially the same components as the magnetic release and the switching locks in the switching alignment of the phase conductors. The release coil of the magnetic release in the neutral circuit with the appropriate number of turns is connected to the mains via the electronic circuit and actuates the magnetic release when an FI flows. The current path of the neutral conductor is uninterrupted via the summation current transformer to the connection terminals. It is thereby achieved that practically the same components can be used for RCD tripping, with the exception of the tripping coil, as for tripping overcurrent in the switching lines of the phase conductors. This, however, is extremely economical and, in terms of reliability, that is what triggers residual current same level as usual with overcurrent tripping.

Aufgrund der Tatsache, daß für die Auslösung bei einem FI nicht nur der auf der Sekundärseite anstehende gerindge Spannungswert verwendet wird, sondern- gesteuert von dem an der Sekundärwicklung anstehenden Signal - die Netzenergie zur Auslösung benutzt wird, wird eine erhebliche Verbesserung und Vergrößerung der Zuverlässigkeit der Auslösung des LS-Schalters mit Fl-Bauteil bewirkt.Due to the fact that not only the low voltage value on the secondary side is used for tripping in an FI, but - controlled by the signal at the secondary winding - the mains energy is used for tripping, a considerable improvement and increase in the reliability of the Tripping of the circuit breaker with Fl component causes.

Die Montage des Schalters in der Installation hat gewisse Schwierigkeiten. Es ist nämlich beim Anschluß des Schalters erforderlich, darauf zu achten, daß beim Anschließen Netz und Verbraucherseite nicht vertauscht werden.Mounting the switch in the installation has certain difficulties. When connecting the switch, it is necessary to ensure that the mains and consumer side are not mixed up when connecting.

Jeder FI-Schutzschalter hat ja bekanntlich eine Prüfeinrichtung, bei deren Beätigung im Schalter über einen Strombegrenzungswiderstand ein künstlicher FI zum Fließen kommt, der den Schutzschalter auslöst. Dieser FI liegt immer höher als der Auslösenennfehlerstrom des Schutzschalters. In den einschlägigen Vorschriften wird meist festgelegt, daß beim Betätigen der Prüfeinrichtung die durch den Prüfstrom im Summenstromwandler des Schutzschalters resultierenden Durchflutungen sich aufheben.As is well known, every residual current circuit breaker has a test device, when actuated in the switch via a current limiting resistor, an artificial residual current flows, which triggers the circuit breaker. This FI is always higher than the tripping nominal fault current of the circuit breaker. The relevant regulations usually stipulate that when the test device is actuated, the flooding resulting from the test current in the summation current transformer of the circuit breaker is canceled.

So wurde z. B. versucht, den Prüfstromkreis über einen Hilfskontakt zu führen, der auf der beweglichen Schaltbrücke seinen Gegenkontakt hat. Schaltet der Schalter aus, dann ist dieser Kontakt offen, und damit ist auch beim Betätigen der Prüfeinrichtung kein Stromfluß über den Prüstromkreis möglich. Diese Lösung hat jedoch Nachteile. Ein Kontakt in der Nähe der Hauptkontakte ist den agressiven Lichtbogengasen ausgesetzt, und außerdem ist die Führung des Prüfstromkreises zu einem Hilfskontakt auf der beweglichen Schaltbrücke eines Hauptkontaktes in der Montage aufwendig.So z. B. tries to run the test circuit via an auxiliary contact that has its mating contact on the movable switching bridge. If the switch turns off, then this contact is open, so that no current can flow through the test circuit even when the test device is operated. However, this solution has disadvantages. A contact in the vicinity of the main contacts is exposed to the aggressive arcing gases, and the routing of the test circuit to an auxiliary contact on the movable switching bridge of a main contact is complex in assembly.

Alle Lösungen, die für die Prüfeinrichtung vorgesehen wurden, können aber die Schwierigkeiten nicht beseitigen, die hinsichtlich der nachteiligen Beeinflussung der elektronischen Auslösereinheit bestehen, wenn Netz- und Verbraucherseite falsch angeschlossen werden. Um also die geforderte Vertauschbarkeit von Netz- und Verbraucherseite beim Anschluß zu erreichen, wird statt eines Unterbrecherkontakts im Neutralleiter der Neutralleiter unterbrechungsfrei geführt. Der dadurch freiwerdende Kontakt in der Schaltflucht des Neutralleiters wird als Hilfskontakt für das Ausschalten der Netzspannungsversorgung für den Prüfkreis und die elektronische Verstärkungseinrichtung benützt. Damit wird in der Massenfertigung wirtschaftlich produziert, indem die Netzzuleitung für Verstärker und Prüfeinrichtung über einen Unterbrecherkontakt geführt werden, der im Aufbau den Unterbrecherkontakten der Phasenleiter entspricht.However, all of the solutions provided for the test facility cannot overcome the difficulties associated with adversely affecting the electronic trip unit if the network and consumer side are incorrectly connected. In order to achieve the required interchangeability of the network and consumer side when connecting, the neutral conductor is run without interruption instead of an interrupter contact in the neutral conductor. The contact that becomes free in the switching alignment of the neutral conductor is used as an auxiliary contact for switching off the mains voltage supply for the test circuit and the electronic amplification device. This means that mass production is economical in that the power supply line for the amplifier and test equipment is routed via an interrupter contact, which corresponds in structure to the interrupter contacts of the phase conductors.

Die Strombahn des Neutralleiters ist gemeinsam mit den Strombahnen der Phasenleiter über den Summenstromwandler geführt, wird aber nicht über den Unterbrecherkontakt geführt, d. h. sie verbindet direkt die beiden Klemmen für netz-und verbraucherseitigen NeutralleiteranschluB. Der Unterbrecherkontakt in der Neutralleiter-Schaltflucht wird stattdessen als Hilfskontakt für das Ausschalten der Netzspannungsversorgung für den Prüfkreis und die elektronische Verstärkungseinrichtung benützt.The current path of the neutral conductor, together with the current paths of the phase conductors, is routed via the summation current transformer, but is not routed via the break contact, i. H. It directly connects the two terminals for the mains and consumer neutral conductor connections. The break contact in the neutral circuit is used instead as an auxiliary contact for switching off the mains voltage supply for the test circuit and the electronic amplification device.

Schon aus Gründen der Massenfertigung wird man dabei die bewegliche Kontaktbrücke für den Hilfskontakt in gleicher Weise ausführen wie für einen Neutralleiterkontakt, also voreilend schließend und nacheilend öffnend. Da im Auslöserkreis nur geringe Ströme fließen, ist ein derartiger Kontakt stark überdimensioniert und daher funktionssicher.For reasons of mass production alone, the movable contact bridge for the auxiliary contact will be designed in the same way as for a neutral conductor contact, i.e. prematurely closing and lagging opening. Since only small currents flow in the trip circuit, such a contact is extremely oversized and therefore reliable.

Die Erfindung reduziert aber nicht nur die für einen derartigen Schutzschalter erforderlichen verschiedenen Bauteile, sondern sie bringt auch die gleiche Auslösezuverlässigkeit, wie sie bisher bei LS-Schaltern üblich war. Dadurch, daß für die FI-Auslösung die gleichen SchaltschloBteile verwendet werden wie für die Überstromauslösung, kommt man zu einem robusten zuverlässigen und wirtschaftlichen Schaltgerät, dem in der Zufunkt besonders für den Schutz von Steckdosenstromkreisen große Bedeutung zukommen dürfte.However, the invention not only reduces the various components required for such a circuit breaker, but also brings the same tripping reliability as was previously customary with circuit breakers. The fact that the same switch components are used for RCD tripping as for overcurrent tripping results in a robust, reliable and economical switching device, which should be of great importance in the future, especially for the protection of socket circuits.

Um die Montagefreundlichkeit zu erhöhen, wäre es denkbar, ein derartiges Gerät mit Anschlußklemmen für den Neutralleiter zu versehen, die in Form der bekannten Neutralleitertrennklemmen ausgeführt sind. Dadurch könnte man bei lsolationsfehlern des Neutralleiters in der geschützten Anlage die Fehlerortung leichter durchführen. Bekanntlich muß in diesen Fällen ja für die Isolationswiderstandsmessung der Neutralleiter von der Verteilung abgeklemmt (getrennt) werden.In order to increase the ease of installation, it would be conceivable to provide such a device with terminals for the neutral conductor, which are designed in the form of the known neutral conductor disconnect terminals. This would make it easier to locate the fault in the protected system in the event of insulation faults in the neutral conductor. As is known, in these cases the neutral conductor must be disconnected from the distribution for the insulation resistance measurement.

Deshalb wird vorgeschlagen, eine oder beide Neutralleiterklemmen so auszuführen, daß mittels eines Werkzeuges (Schraubendreher) die Verbindung zum Neutralleiter, ohne ihn zu bewegen, leicht und sichtbar getrennt werden kann (NeutraIleitertrennkIemme).It is therefore proposed that one or both neutral conductor terminals be designed so that the connection to the neutral conductor can be easily and visibly disconnected using a tool (screwdriver) without moving it (neutral conductor disconnect terminal).

Anhand der Zeichnungen, in denen einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt sind, soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt :

  • Figur 1 eine Aufsicht auf den erfindungsgemä-Ben Schalter,
  • Figur 2 eine Einsicht in den LS-Schalter,
  • Figur 3 eine Ausgestaltung des FI-Bauteiles und
  • Figur 4 eine Schaltungsanordnung des Schalters gemäß der Erfindung.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which some exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. It shows :
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of the switch according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows an insight into the circuit breaker,
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the FI component and
  • Figure 4 shows a circuit arrangement of the switch according to the invention.

Figur 1 zeigt den Aufriß eines geschlossenen Schutzschalters, bestehend aus nebeneinander angeordneten Bauelementen (Schaltfluchten 1) für den Phasenleiter L1 mit diesem zugeordneten Anschlußklemmen 13a und 14a und zwei für den Neutralleiter N mit diesem zugeordneten Anschlußklemmen 13b und 14b Das Betätigungsorgan des Schutzschalters besteht aus miteinander gekuppelten Schaltknebeln 12a und 12b. Die Kupplung der Schaltschlösser im Inneren des Schutzschalters ist nicht sichtbar. Ferner besitzt der Schutzschalter, der als LS-Schalter mit FI-Auslösung ausgebildet ist und so wirkt, eine Prüfeinrichtung 15, mit der beim Drücken eines Drucktasters 15a ein Prüfstromkreis geschlossen wird, in dem der Prüffehlerstrom fließt. Eine derartige Prüfeinrichtung als solche ist bekannt.Figure 1 shows the elevation of a closed circuit breaker, consisting of juxtaposed components (switch alignments 1) for the phase conductor L1 with this associated terminals 13a and 14a and two for the neutral conductor N with this associated terminals 13b and 14b. The actuator of the circuit breaker consists of coupled together Shift knobs 12a and 12b. The coupling of the switch locks inside the circuit breaker is not visible. The circuit breaker, which acts as a circuit breaker with FI- Tripping is designed and acts as a test device 15, with which a test circuit is closed when pressing a push button 15a, in which the test error current flows. Such a test device as such is known.

Die Figur 2 zeigt das Innere der Schaltflucht für den Phasenleiter L1. Von der Anschlußklemme 13a verläuft ein Verbindungsleiter 20 durch eine erste Öffnung 21 in der Gehäuseseitenwand des LS-Schalters, durch die er zu dem FI-Bauteil (siehe weiter unten) geführt ist. Von dort wird er durch eine zweite Öffnung 22 wieder in den LS-Schalter eingeführt und ist an einem Ende eines thermischen Überstromauslösers 4 angeschlossen. Am anderen Ende des Überstromauslösers 4 schließt sich eine Verbindungsleitung 23 an, die zur Spule eines magnetischen Auslösers 3a führt. Deren Ende ist über eine weitere Verbindungsleitung 24 mit einem Kontakthebel 5 elektrisch leitend verbunden, dessen freies Ende ein bewegliches Kontaktstück 8 aufweist, das mit einem an einer Lichtbogenleitschiene 25, die zur Anschlußtlemme 14a führt, befestigten festen Kontaktstück 9 zusammenwirkt. Der Kontaktstelle 8/9 ist ein Lichtbogenlöschblechpakt 10 zugeordnet.FIG. 2 shows the interior of the switching alignment for the phase conductor L1. A connecting conductor 20 runs from the connection terminal 13a through a first opening 21 in the housing side wall of the circuit breaker, through which it leads to the FI component (see below). From there it is reinserted into the circuit breaker through a second opening 22 and is connected to one end of a thermal overcurrent release 4. At the other end of the overcurrent release 4 there is a connecting line 23 which leads to the coil of a magnetic release 3a. Its end is electrically connected via a further connecting line 24 to a contact lever 5, the free end of which has a movable contact piece 8 which cooperates with a fixed contact piece 9 fastened to an arc guide rail 25, which leads to the connecting terminal 14a. The contact point 8/9 is assigned an arc quenching plate pact 10.

Im Inneren des Leitungsschutzschalters befindet sich ein Schaltschloß, das aus einem drehbar gelagerten Doppelarmhebel 11 besteht, der mit einer Kniegelenkhebelanordnung 26 an einem Ende gelenkig verbunden ist ; im Bereich des Knies der Kniegelenkhebelanordnung 26 ist eine Verbindungsstange 27 hin zum Schaltknebel 12a vorgesehen. Das andere Ende der Kniegelenkhebelanordnung 26 ist am Kontakthebel 5 angelenkt. Der Doppelarmhebel 11 wirkt mit einem Verklinkungshebel 28 zusammen, dergestalt, daß sich der Doppelarmhebel gegen den Verklinkungshebel 28 abstützt. Mittels eines Übertragungshebels 29 wird die Bewegung des Thermobimetalls bzw. des thermischen Überstromouslösers 4 auf den Verklinkungshebel 28 übertragen, so daß unter dem Druck einer Kontaktöffnungsfeder 30 beim Verschwenken des Verklinkungshebels 28 entgeden dem Uhrzeigersinn die Verriegelung gelöst wird, so daß das Schaltschloß den beweglichen Kontakthebel 5 in Ausschaltstellung verbringen kann. Der Verklinkungshebel 28 wird zusätzlich durch den magnetischen Auslöser 3a betätigt dergestalt, daß der Anker 6 nach links aus dem magnetischen Auslöser 3a herausgeschlagen wird, wenn ein Kurzschlußstrom auftritt und so den Verklinkungshebel 28 in Drehung versetzt. Gleichzeitig ist der Anker 6 des Schnellauslösers bzw. des magnetischen Auslösers 3a zusätzlich über eine mechanische Kupplung 7 mit dem bewegbaren Kontakthebel 5 verbunden, wodurch die Öffnungsbewegung dieses Kontakthebels unterstützt wird. Der Lichtbogen wird dadurch schnell von dem beweglichen Kontakthebel 5 und dem mit diesem zusammenwirkenden festen Kontaktstück 9 in das Lichtbogenlöschblechpakes 10 getrieben.Inside the circuit breaker is a switch lock, which consists of a rotatably mounted double arm lever 11 which is articulated to a knee joint lever arrangement 26 at one end; In the area of the knee of the knee joint lever arrangement 26, a connecting rod 27 is provided towards the switching toggle 12a. The other end of the knee joint lever arrangement 26 is articulated on the contact lever 5. The double-arm lever 11 interacts with a latch lever 28 such that the double-arm lever is supported against the latch lever 28. By means of a transmission lever 29, the movement of the bimetallic or thermal overcurrent release 4 is transmitted to the latch lever 28, so that under the pressure of a contact opening spring 30, when the latch lever 28 is pivoted, the lock is released clockwise, so that the switching mechanism locks the movable contact lever 5 can spend in the off position. The latch lever 28 is additionally actuated by the magnetic trigger 3a in such a way that the armature 6 is knocked out to the left of the magnetic trigger 3a when a short-circuit current occurs and thus sets the latch lever 28 in rotation. At the same time, the armature 6 of the quick release or the magnetic release 3a is additionally connected to the movable contact lever 5 via a mechanical coupling 7, which supports the opening movement of this contact lever. The arc is thereby driven quickly into the arc extinguishing sheet pack 10 by the movable contact lever 5 and the fixed contact piece 9 cooperating therewith.

An der Lichtbogenleitschiene 25 ist ferner eine Prüfleitung 31 angeschlossen, die eine Kontaktstelle 32 aufweist, die mittels der Prüfeinrichtung 15 überbrückt werden kann. Die Prüfleitung 31 wird durch eine dritte Öffnung 33 im Gehäuse hin zum Fehlerstrombauteil geführt (siehe weiter unten).A test line 31 is also connected to the arc guide rail 25 and has a contact point 32 which can be bridged by means of the test device 15. The test line 31 is led through a third opening 33 in the housing to the residual current component (see further below).

Die. Figur 3 zeigt das Innere der Schaltflucht für den Neutralleiter N, der durch den Summenstromwandler 16 hindurchgeführt ist, aber nicht am bewegbaren Kontakthebel endet, sondern an die Anschlußklemme 14b angeschlossen ist. Der Neutralleiter N ist über eine Zwischenleitung 40 sowohl mit einem Leitungszweig 41 als auch mit einem Leitungszweig 42 elektrisch-galvanisch verbunden, welcher Leitungszweig über nicht näher bezifferte Öffnungen in den LS-Schalterbauteil eingeführt ist und dort die Prüfeinrichtung 15 enthält. Über einen Leiter 43 ist die Prüfeinrichtung einerseits an dem festen Kontaktstück 9 und andererseits über ein Zwischenstück 44 mit dem Verstärker 17 verbunden. Ferner wird der Phasenleiter 20 über einen Verbindungsleiter 20a mit dem beweglichen Kontakthebel 5 verbunden.The. FIG. 3 shows the interior of the switching alignment for the neutral conductor N, which is led through the summation current transformer 16, but does not end at the movable contact lever, but is connected to the connection terminal 14b. The neutral conductor N is electrically and galvanically connected via an intermediate line 40 both to a line branch 41 and to a line branch 42, which line branch is introduced into the circuit breaker component via openings, which are not numbered in more detail, and contains the test device 15 there. The test device is connected to the fixed contact piece 9 via a conductor 43 and to the amplifier 17 via an intermediate piece 44. Furthermore, the phase conductor 20 is connected to the movable contact lever 5 via a connecting conductor 20a.

Damit liegt die Auslösespule des elektromagnetischen Schnellauslösers 3b nicht mehr im Hauptstromkreis, sondern wird bei Fließen eines Fehlerstromes durch den Verstärker an die Netzspannung angeschlossen, wodurch der Schutzschalter mit Hilfe der Netzenergie auslöst. Die Hauptstrombahn des Neutralleiters verbindet somit die Anschlußklemmen direkt und führt über den Summenstromwandler. Die Netzzuleitung von Prüfeinrichtung und Verstärker geht von dem Phasenleiter zum Unterbrecherkontakt, wobei die Feder 30 für den notwendigen Kontaktdruck sorgt.The tripping coil of the electromagnetic quick release 3b is no longer in the main circuit, but is connected to the mains voltage when a fault current flows through the amplifier, as a result of which the circuit breaker triggers with the aid of the mains energy. The main current path of the neutral conductor thus connects the terminals directly and leads via the summation current transformer. The power supply line from the test device and amplifier goes from the phase conductor to the break contact, the spring 30 providing the necessary contact pressure.

Die Wirkungsweise der Anordnung gemäß Figur 3 wird anhand der Figur 4 näher dargestellt.The mode of operation of the arrangement according to FIG. 3 is illustrated in more detail with reference to FIG. 4.

Die Figur 4 zeigt die Schaltungsanordnung des Bauteiles gemäß Figur 3 inklusive Prüfeinrichtung 15 gemäß Fig. 2. Die Anschlußklemmen des Phasenleiters sind 14a und 13a und die des Neutralleiters 14b und 13b. Dabei liegen die Anschlußklemmen 14a und 14b am Netz und die Anschlußklemmen 13a und 13b sind mit dem Verbraucher verbunden. Man erkennt, daß die Zuleitung von dem Phasenleiter L1 hin zu der Prüfeinrichtung 15 über die Kontaktstelle 8a19a führt, die bei Auslösung zusammen mit der Hauptkontaktstelle 8/9 öffnet. Dadurch wird es gleichgültig, ob an den KJemmenpaaren 14a114b oder an den Klemmenpaaren 13a/13b Netzspannung ansteht. In jedem Falle wird die Leitung hin zur Prüfeinrichtung 15 durch die Kontaktstelle 8a/9a geöffnet.FIG. 4 shows the circuit arrangement of the component according to FIG. 3 including test device 15 according to FIG. 2. The connection terminals of the phase conductor are 14a and 13a and those of the neutral conductor 14b and 13b. The terminals 14a and 14b are connected to the network and the terminals 13a and 13b are connected to the consumer. It can be seen that the supply line leads from the phase conductor L1 to the test device 15 via the contact point 8a19a, which opens when triggered together with the main contact point 8/9. This makes it irrelevant whether mains voltage is present at the K-terminal pairs 14a114b or at the terminal pairs 13a / 13b. In any case, the line to the test device 15 is opened by the contact point 8a / 9a.

Claims (3)

1. Circuit breaker with fault-current tripping, consisting of adjacently arranged components constructed as switching rows (1, 2) in which the terminal paths for interrupting the phase conductors (L1) and the neutral conductor (N) are accommodated and which contain the latching mechanisms (26), which are coupled to each other, with the thermal (4) and magnetic (3a, 3b) tripping devices, in which arrangement no thermal tripping device (4) is arranged in the switching row (2) of the neutral conductor (N) but only the magnetic tripping device (3b) and components for the latching mechanism which are similar to the corresponding components in the switching rows (1) of the phase conductors (L1), in which arrangement the current path of the neutral conductor (N) is conducted between the connecting terminals (13b, 14b) of the switching row (2) of the neutral conductor (N) via the summation current transformer which also covers the phase conductors (L1), characterized in that a power-system- dependent electronic amplifying device (17) is arranged in the switching row (2) of the neutral conductor (N) and that the tripping coil of the magnetic tripping device (3b), which tripping coil is arranged in the switching row (2) of the neutral conductor (N), is connected to the power system via the amplifying device (17) when a fault current flows in the summation current transformer, as a result of which the magnetic tripping device (3b) is operated by the power system energy, that the neutral conductor (N) is conducted free of interruption through the summation current transformer (16) between the connecting terminals (13b, 14b) and that the amplifying device (17) and the checking device (15) are connected to one of the phase conductors (L1) by means of a connecting line (20a) via an interrupter contact (8a, 9a) the construction of which corresponds to the interrupt contacts (8, 9) of the phase conductors (L1).
2. Circuit breaker with fault-current tripping according to Claim 1, characterized in that the connecting line (20a) between the interrupter contact (8, 9) of the phase conductor (L1) and the summation current transformer is connected to this phase conductor (L1).
3. Circuit breaker with fault-current tripping according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting terminals (13b, 14b) forthe neutral conductor are constructed in such a manner that the connection to the neutral conductor can be easily visibly disconnected (neutral-conductor disconnect terminal) by means of a tool (screwdriver) without moving the conductor.
EP19830107884 1982-08-19 1983-08-10 Circuit breaker with leakage current release Expired EP0103167B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT314382A AT374969B (en) 1982-08-19 1982-08-19 CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH ERROR CURRENT RELEASE
AT3143/82 1982-08-19
AT640/83 1983-02-24
AT64083A AT378444B (en) 1983-02-24 1983-02-24 CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH A NEUTRAL CONDUCTOR AND FAULT CURRENT TRIP

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0103167A1 EP0103167A1 (en) 1984-03-21
EP0103167B1 true EP0103167B1 (en) 1987-11-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830107884 Expired EP0103167B1 (en) 1982-08-19 1983-08-10 Circuit breaker with leakage current release

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EP (1) EP0103167B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3374487D1 (en)

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DE3412273A1 (en) * 1984-04-02 1985-10-10 Heinrich Kopp Gmbh & Co Kg, 8756 Kahl Line protection circuit breaker having a differential-current trip device
FR2578093B1 (en) * 1985-02-27 1987-03-06 Merlin Gerin UNIPOLAR AND NEUTRAL DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUIT BREAKER
FR2596916B1 (en) * 1986-04-04 1988-06-10 Telemecanique Electrique BIPOLAR CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL OPENING WITH BISTABLE ELECTROMAGNET AND MAGNETIZABLE BREAKING CORE
DE8633276U1 (en) * 1986-12-12 1991-05-02 Asea Brown Boveri AG, 6800 Mannheim Circuit breaker combination
FR2662017B1 (en) * 1990-05-10 1996-07-26 Merlin Gerin SINGLE POLE, NEUTRAL DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUIT BREAKER.
FR2715517B1 (en) * 1994-01-26 1996-03-22 Merlin Gerin Differential trip unit.
DE4413418A1 (en) * 1994-04-18 1995-10-19 Abb Patent Gmbh Safety switch with line protection stage and fault current unit
ES2280161T3 (en) * 2000-06-14 2007-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft MULTIPOLAR PROTECTION SWITCH.
ITMI20080329U1 (en) * 2008-10-10 2010-04-11 Abb Spa AUTOMATIC BIPOLAR SWITCH FOR LOW VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS
CN104183434B (en) * 2014-07-16 2016-01-13 浙江天正电气股份有限公司 A kind of residual current circuit breaker with reverse wiring structure
DE202014105758U1 (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-12-03 Abb Schweiz Ag Combined line and residual current circuit breaker
CN114156702B (en) * 2021-11-26 2023-08-25 国网辽宁省电力有限公司大连供电公司 Zero line broken wire protection type power strip

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DE877165C (en) * 1951-11-01 1953-05-21 Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Circuit breaker consisting of base and upper part
DE1169015B (en) * 1962-09-28 1964-04-30 Siemens Ag Electrical circuit breakers with overcurrent, short-circuit and residual current releases
GB1107879A (en) * 1964-04-17 1968-03-27 J A Crabtree Proprietary Ltd Improvements in or relating to earth leakage protection devices
AT317347B (en) * 1972-04-26 1974-08-26 Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester Residual current circuit breaker with mechanical locking of the test device
DE2618288C3 (en) * 1976-04-27 1980-09-18 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Installation circuit breaker
DE3136412A1 (en) * 1981-09-14 1983-03-24 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München COMBINED FAULT CURRENT AND CIRCUIT BREAKER

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DE3374487D1 (en) 1987-12-17
EP0103167A1 (en) 1984-03-21

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