EP0098339A1 - Adaptives Antennensystem zur Dämpfung einer bestimmten Störung welche auf eine Antenne mit phasengesteuerten Elementen trifft für ein mechanisch abtastendes Radargerät - Google Patents

Adaptives Antennensystem zur Dämpfung einer bestimmten Störung welche auf eine Antenne mit phasengesteuerten Elementen trifft für ein mechanisch abtastendes Radargerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0098339A1
EP0098339A1 EP82830170A EP82830170A EP0098339A1 EP 0098339 A1 EP0098339 A1 EP 0098339A1 EP 82830170 A EP82830170 A EP 82830170A EP 82830170 A EP82830170 A EP 82830170A EP 0098339 A1 EP0098339 A1 EP 0098339A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phased array
auxiliary
antenna
cancellation
fact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82830170A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfonso Farina
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leonardo SpA
Original Assignee
Selenia Industrie Elettroniche Associate SpA
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Publication date
Application filed by Selenia Industrie Elettroniche Associate SpA filed Critical Selenia Industrie Elettroniche Associate SpA
Priority to EP82830170A priority Critical patent/EP0098339A1/de
Publication of EP0098339A1 publication Critical patent/EP0098339A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
    • H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
    • H01Q3/2629—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit
    • H01Q3/2635—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit the auxiliary unit being composed of a plurality of antennas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • G01S13/44—Monopulse radar, i.e. simultaneous lobing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/2813—Means providing a modification of the radiation pattern for cancelling noise, clutter or interfering signals, e.g. side lobe suppression, side lobe blanking, null-steering arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/36—Means for anti-jamming, e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures

Definitions

  • phased array radar can be notably reduced by the reception, from its antenna side lobes, of disturbances that originate from different directions in space (jammer).
  • the purpose of the present invention is that of providing a system for the spatial filtering of these disturbances.
  • the first method which is an extension of the one used for radar antennas having mechanical scanning, consists in the placing around the phased array antenna one or more auxiliary antennas that in turn receive the disturbances.
  • Figure 1 is presented an example of such a method that considers two auxiliary antennas with phased centers 0 and 0 2 placed near a phased array antenna with phase center 0. Signals a and a 2 that come frome these auxiliary antennas are first multiplied by approprictc coefficients (weights) that modify their phase and amplitude and then are added to each other. The resulting signal, that is an estimate of the received disturbances from the phased array antenna is removed at the output of the latter making it thorefore free of disturbances. That is also equivalent to a reduction in gain of the main antenna in the directions from which come the disturbances themselves.
  • This method requires the use of a number of antenna at least equal to the number of jammers that are to be filtered, of an equal number of receiving channels that make available the received signals in the frequency band most suitable for their processing and of an equal number of circuits for the weight calculations.
  • a second method consists in the modification of the amplitudes and phases of the received signals of all the elementary radiators of which the phased array antenna is equipped and then combining them such as tc still have a beam in a specified direction of interest and at the same time spatially filtering the disturbances reducing the gain in their direction of origin.
  • This method even though it allows the canceilation of a greater number of disturbances, requires an extremely elevated (equal to the number of elementary radiators of the phased array) number of processing channels and circuits for the calculation of the weights.
  • the system which is the object of the present invention allows the spatial filtering of the disturbances using, in order to form the auxiliary signals, some of the radiating elements of the phased array antenna.
  • the afore mentioned distances between the phase centers of the antennas (main and auxiliary) are inferior to those of the first method and allow for the obtaining of higher cancellation values.
  • the system according to the present invention requires few cancellation circuits (as many as are the auxiliary antennas used) in alternative to the second method that requires a number equal to the elementary radiators of the phased array antenna.
  • figure 2 is shown the principle outline that permits the power reduction relative to the directional disturbances received from the side lobes of a phased array antenna.
  • the radar antenna is made up of a planar phased array 1 that can either be fixed or mechanically rotating in the azimuth direction.
  • the signals intercepted by all the elementary antennas 2 are linearly combined, that is, are multiplied by weights independent of the received signals and then summed by means of block 5 to furnish in reception the principal signal s.
  • the weights of the linear combinations are normally obtained by means of phase shifters located after the small antennas 2.
  • the main beam can explore the space surrounding the antenna either by means of an eventual mechanical rotation of the array or controlled by a suitable time law of the phase shifters associated to antenna 2.
  • auxiliary beams having a gain comparable to the average level of the lateral lobes of the main beam.
  • auxiliary beams furnish signals a , a , etca that permit the cancellation of the disturbances present in the main channel.
  • the radiating elements that make up the auxiliary beams only receive, while those that contribute to the formation of the main beam both receive and transmit.
  • duplexer 3 it is necessary by means of duplexer 3 to decouple transmitter 4 from receiving chains 5 and 7.
  • Block 4 can be a high power transmitter or else an amplifier driver for the single radiating elements according to whether the phased array is either active or else passive.
  • auxiliary beam that has a gain level comparable to that of the side lobes of the main beam.
  • the number of auxiliary beams is equal to the number of disturbances that are to be cancelled and to the cancellation performance that one wishes to obtain: such a number nevertheless should not be so high as to defocus the main beam.
  • auxiliary antennas be sufficiently distanced between themselves such that electromagnetic coupling phenomena that could make them functionally interdependent not be formed and therefore unable to separately cancel disturbances that are different between themselves.
  • the signals received by the radiating clements of the auxiliary beam are first amplified by devices 8 and 9 and therefore converted to a frequency that in general can be different from that one relative to the successive intermediate frequency stages, by means of the local oscillators 11 and 13 and the batteries of mixer 10 and 12.
  • the signals, prior to being summed by means of devices 16 and 17, are phase shifted by means of phase shifter batteries 14 and 15 in order to create auxiliary beams having a radiation diagram that shifts in time with the main beam and therefore always covers its side lobes.
  • figure 4 is presented in detail the structure of block 7 in which is noted the presence of an adaptive cancellation "loop" whose purpose is to minimize the effect of the disturbance on the main channel.
  • the cancellation should be accomplished by an adaptive mode, realizing the fact that the direction of origin and the disturbance intensity are not known and that the spatial configuration of the antenna jammer is not stationary in time (due to the antenna rotation, the variation of the antenna side lobes and the movement of the jammers themselves).
  • Pass band filter 26 is adapted to the useful signal to be displayed, that is,to the echo originating from the target. This is useful for frequency filtering the disturbances that generally have a power spectrum with a band greater than the radar receiver.
  • the processing is carried out at an intermediate frequency in order to reduce the possibility of functioning error of the estimator of which will be spoken of when illustrating figure 5.
  • Figure 5 illustrates in detail the diagram of block 24, that is, the disturbance estimator that works on channel s.
  • the output signal of estimator 24 is obtained by summing, by means of adder 33, the signals coming from beams a and a .
  • the amplitudes and the phases of these signals are suitably modified by means of mixer 31 and 32 that respectively receive the output signals from the two narrow band filters 28 and 30.
  • the signals at the output of these two narrow band filters are non other than the correlation between the feedback signal s' and the signals originating from beams a and a .
  • the correlations are obtained by respectively multiplying signals s' with a and s' with a 2 by means of mixer 27 and 29 and then a time integration by means of filter 28 and 30 that have a time constant much longer than the jammer's smallest variational period, that is, a band much more narrower than that filter 26.
  • the estimation of the disturbance operating on s is non other than the sum of the received signals from the auxiliary beams a and a multiplied by correlation coefficients between the auxiliary beams themselves and the residual of cancellation s'.
  • the presence of the two auxiliary channels a and a 2 in estimator 24 permits the effects produced by two independent disturbances to be evaluated separately, or better, to evaluate with greater precision the effect produced from a single jammer.
  • the cancellation system therefore nas a pcri mance that increases with the number of auxiliary antennas and as such can counter a greater number of jammers or else, in a more efficient manner, a sole disturber with a wide functioning band.
  • the last can be thought of as being made up of a number equal to that of the auxiliary antennas, but having a smaller operating band.
  • the reason for the insertion of the disturbance cancellation system (7 figure 2) at the intermediate frequency stage will be now clarified.
  • the disturbance cancellation can be carried out on the video signals that have a carrier at null frequency: consequently, the cross correlators of figure 5 can be implemented with low pass filters rather than with pass band filters.
  • a means of filtering the drifts consists in realizing the cross correlators with pass band filters that do not allow the passage of the continuous components and therefore making the entire system function at an intermediate frequency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP82830170A 1982-06-15 1982-06-15 Adaptives Antennensystem zur Dämpfung einer bestimmten Störung welche auf eine Antenne mit phasengesteuerten Elementen trifft für ein mechanisch abtastendes Radargerät Withdrawn EP0098339A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP82830170A EP0098339A1 (de) 1982-06-15 1982-06-15 Adaptives Antennensystem zur Dämpfung einer bestimmten Störung welche auf eine Antenne mit phasengesteuerten Elementen trifft für ein mechanisch abtastendes Radargerät

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP82830170A EP0098339A1 (de) 1982-06-15 1982-06-15 Adaptives Antennensystem zur Dämpfung einer bestimmten Störung welche auf eine Antenne mit phasengesteuerten Elementen trifft für ein mechanisch abtastendes Radargerät

Publications (1)

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EP0098339A1 true EP0098339A1 (de) 1984-01-18

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EP82830170A Withdrawn EP0098339A1 (de) 1982-06-15 1982-06-15 Adaptives Antennensystem zur Dämpfung einer bestimmten Störung welche auf eine Antenne mit phasengesteuerten Elementen trifft für ein mechanisch abtastendes Radargerät

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3526046A1 (de) * 1985-07-20 1987-01-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert Array-antenne
FR2621399A1 (fr) * 1987-08-04 1989-04-07 Raytheon Co Reseau de reception avec annulation d'interferences
US4935743A (en) * 1983-11-08 1990-06-19 Thomson Csf Anti-jamming apparatus and method for a radar system
GB2245102A (en) * 1990-06-16 1991-12-18 British Aerospace A frequency reuse phased array antenna system
WO1999067854A1 (de) * 1998-06-23 1999-12-29 Sel Verteidigungssysteme Gmbh Integrierte adaptive antenne einer multibeamantenne
EP1014485A1 (de) * 1998-07-13 2000-06-28 Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. Adaptive gruppenantenne
WO2009046982A2 (en) 2007-10-10 2009-04-16 Semiconductor Ideas To The Market (Itom) Anti jamming system
WO2011053939A2 (en) * 2009-11-02 2011-05-05 Invention Planet, LLC Field disturbance sensing system
US8085185B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2011-12-27 Invention Planet, LLC Method of down converting high-frequency signals
US8089394B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2012-01-03 Invention Planet, LLC Continuous-wave field disturbance sensing system
US8223067B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2012-07-17 Invention Planet, LLC Noise-canceling down-converting detector
WO2014077946A1 (en) * 2012-11-14 2014-05-22 Raytheon Company Antenna system having guard array and associated techniques
GB2517661A (en) * 1995-10-24 2015-03-04 Thomson Csf An anti-jamming antenna
CN105785330A (zh) * 2016-03-02 2016-07-20 河海大学 一种认知型副瓣干扰抑制方法
DE102019211432A1 (de) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 Audi Ag Radarsensor für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Verfahren zur Störungskompensation in einem Radarsensor und Kraftfahrzeug
CN112986931A (zh) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-18 西安电子工程研究所 一种基于脉间积累的相控阵雷达接收通道校准测试方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3488395A (en) * 1965-10-04 1970-01-06 Ici Ltd Oxidation process
US4129873A (en) * 1976-11-15 1978-12-12 Motorola Inc. Main lobe signal canceller in a null steering array antenna
US4146889A (en) * 1972-01-20 1979-03-27 Technology Service Corporation Method and apparatus for sidelobe reduction in radar
DE2650547B2 (de) * 1976-11-04 1980-01-17 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Rundsuch-Radareinrichtung mit einem i adaptiven Empfangsantennensystem zur Minimierung von aus diskreten Richtungen stammenden Rauschstörersignalen
US4313116A (en) * 1980-01-30 1982-01-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Hybrid adaptive sidelobe canceling system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3488395A (en) * 1965-10-04 1970-01-06 Ici Ltd Oxidation process
US4146889A (en) * 1972-01-20 1979-03-27 Technology Service Corporation Method and apparatus for sidelobe reduction in radar
DE2650547B2 (de) * 1976-11-04 1980-01-17 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Rundsuch-Radareinrichtung mit einem i adaptiven Empfangsantennensystem zur Minimierung von aus diskreten Richtungen stammenden Rauschstörersignalen
US4129873A (en) * 1976-11-15 1978-12-12 Motorola Inc. Main lobe signal canceller in a null steering array antenna
US4313116A (en) * 1980-01-30 1982-01-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Hybrid adaptive sidelobe canceling system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, vol. AES-16, no. 5, September 1980 M. EGGESTAD et al. "A combined programmed and adaptive null steering technique" *

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4935743A (en) * 1983-11-08 1990-06-19 Thomson Csf Anti-jamming apparatus and method for a radar system
DE3526046A1 (de) * 1985-07-20 1987-01-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert Array-antenne
FR2621399A1 (fr) * 1987-08-04 1989-04-07 Raytheon Co Reseau de reception avec annulation d'interferences
GB2245102A (en) * 1990-06-16 1991-12-18 British Aerospace A frequency reuse phased array antenna system
GB2517661A (en) * 1995-10-24 2015-03-04 Thomson Csf An anti-jamming antenna
GB2517661B (en) * 1995-10-24 2016-03-30 Thomson Csf An anti-jamming antenna
WO1999067854A1 (de) * 1998-06-23 1999-12-29 Sel Verteidigungssysteme Gmbh Integrierte adaptive antenne einer multibeamantenne
US6424296B1 (en) * 1998-06-23 2002-07-23 Sel Verteidigungsysteme Gmbh Integrated adaptive antenna of a multibeam antenna
EP1014485A4 (de) * 1998-07-13 2002-06-05 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Adaptive gruppenantenne
EP1014485A1 (de) * 1998-07-13 2000-06-28 Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. Adaptive gruppenantenne
US6624784B1 (en) 1998-07-13 2003-09-23 Ntt Mobile Communications Network, Inc. Adaptive array antenna
WO2009046982A3 (en) * 2007-10-10 2010-03-18 Semiconductor Ideas To The Market (Itom) Anti jamming system
WO2009046982A2 (en) 2007-10-10 2009-04-16 Semiconductor Ideas To The Market (Itom) Anti jamming system
WO2011053939A2 (en) * 2009-11-02 2011-05-05 Invention Planet, LLC Field disturbance sensing system
WO2011053941A3 (en) * 2009-11-02 2011-08-18 Invention Planet, LLC Detector system
WO2011053939A3 (en) * 2009-11-02 2011-08-18 Invention Planet, LLC Field disturbance sensing system
US8085185B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2011-12-27 Invention Planet, LLC Method of down converting high-frequency signals
US8089394B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2012-01-03 Invention Planet, LLC Continuous-wave field disturbance sensing system
US8223067B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2012-07-17 Invention Planet, LLC Noise-canceling down-converting detector
WO2014077946A1 (en) * 2012-11-14 2014-05-22 Raytheon Company Antenna system having guard array and associated techniques
US9160072B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2015-10-13 Raytheon Company Antenna system having guard array and associated techniques
CN105785330A (zh) * 2016-03-02 2016-07-20 河海大学 一种认知型副瓣干扰抑制方法
CN105785330B (zh) * 2016-03-02 2018-06-08 河海大学 一种认知型副瓣干扰抑制方法
DE102019211432A1 (de) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 Audi Ag Radarsensor für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Verfahren zur Störungskompensation in einem Radarsensor und Kraftfahrzeug
CN112986931A (zh) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-18 西安电子工程研究所 一种基于脉间积累的相控阵雷达接收通道校准测试方法
CN112986931B (zh) * 2021-02-08 2023-07-21 西安电子工程研究所 一种基于脉间积累的相控阵雷达接收通道校准测试方法

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