EP0095439A2 - Heat pump - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0095439A2
EP0095439A2 EP83730048A EP83730048A EP0095439A2 EP 0095439 A2 EP0095439 A2 EP 0095439A2 EP 83730048 A EP83730048 A EP 83730048A EP 83730048 A EP83730048 A EP 83730048A EP 0095439 A2 EP0095439 A2 EP 0095439A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
consumer
pump
vacuum pump
pump system
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EP83730048A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0095439A3 (en
EP0095439B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Ing. Strop (Grad.)
Werner Ing. Kohler (Grad.)
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT83730048T priority Critical patent/ATE36401T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B3/00—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F22B3/04—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass by drop in pressure of high-pressure hot water within pressure- reducing chambers, e.g. in accumulators
    • F22B3/045—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass by drop in pressure of high-pressure hot water within pressure- reducing chambers, e.g. in accumulators the drop in pressure being achieved by compressors, e.g. with steam jet pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of heat generation by means of heat pumps and is to be used in the system design of a heat pump system.
  • the heat pump systems currently in use generally work with three circuits: a brine circuit on the heat source side, a refrigerant circuit in the compression process and a heating medium circuit on the consumer side. While water is primarily used as the heating medium on the consumer side, fluorocarbons are preferably used in the compression process. However, these are not to be used at temperatures of about 90 ° C in the limit range of their application and therefore in high-temperature heat pumps with heating temperatures of 100 to 120 ° C. Furthermore, at least two heat exchangers are required in the known systems for separating the various circuits (DE-AS 26 26 468).
  • the invention is based on the object of designing the heat pump system in such a way that it works with little equipment outlay with an efficiency comparable to that of the three-circuit heat pump systems and can also be used for the generation of heating temperatures above 90.degree.
  • the compressor when water is used as the refrigerant, the compressor consists of a vacuum pump.
  • the use of water results in the use of a refrigerant whose pressure range is an order of magnitude lower than that of the fluorocarbons normally used. This reduces the safety-related design and the requirements for operating and maintaining the system.
  • the control effort can also be reduced. Since water can be evaporated in the low vacuum range by using negative pressure, the effort for the evaporator and vacuum pump is also kept within narrow limits.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the heat pump system is given when a liquid ring pump with a thermal oil as the sealing liquid is used as the vacuum pump.
  • a heat exchanger can be arranged in the circuit of the sealing liquid and the heat emission side of the heat exchanger can be located in the primary or secondary heat transfer circuit of the heat consumer.
  • liquid ring pump which has been known per se for decades, and which has hitherto been used primarily as a vacuum pump for extracting gases and vapors or as a compressor for compressing gases in the chemical industry (prospectus "Elmo gas pumps” from Siemens AG, July 1964)
  • a proven, low-wear ;;, unit introduced which provides a relatively large volumetric performance with a relatively low pressure increase. It can also work on the pressure side in the temperature range from 100 to 120 ° C.
  • the relatively large power loss of this pump is fed into the heating circuit as additional heating power via the heat exchanger assigned to the sealing liquid.
  • thermal oil is used, which is characterized by a high boiling point and by low viscosity at the intended evaporation temperatures.
  • a suitable thermal oil is sold, for example, by the company BP under the name "Transcal LT".
  • the new heat pump system can be used both in the low temperature range and in the high temperature range.
  • water vapor at temperatures of around 50 to 70 ° C can be generated in the vacuum region.
  • Radiators can be fed directly with the water vapor, whereby the water vapor condenses in the radiator.
  • the system is designed such that a fore-vacuum pump is connected to the steam line between the vacuum pump and the heat consumer and that a controllable valve for controlling the amount of condensate in the heat consumer is connected downstream of the heat consumer.
  • a district heating network with a temperature of about 50 0 C is used as a heat source, for example the reflux, water vapor can be generated over the pressure range at temperatures of 110 to 120 ° C.
  • the water vapor compressed with a slight overpressure can emit its heat directly or indirectly in an open or closed condenser.
  • a system is particularly expedient in which a direct liquid condenser is arranged between the vacuum pump and the heat consumer, the liquid inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the heat consumer. If a liquid ring pump is used as the vacuum pump, it is advisable to improve the efficiency of the system and to increase the heating temperature of the densats to arrange the heat exchanger of the liquid ring pump between the condenser and the heat consumer.
  • the compressed water vapor can also be fed to a heat exchanger, in whose secondary circuit the actual heat consumer lies.
  • a ring pump as a vacuum pump, it is recommended in this case to arrange the heat emission side of the heat exchanger arranged in the circuit of the sealing liquid of the ring pump in the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger.
  • the new heat pump system is particularly suitable for industrial processes in the higher temperature range and can also be used there for cooling and heating purposes. If the vacuum pump is driven by a water-cooled internal combustion engine, mari expediently supplies the cooling water of the internal combustion engine to the heat collector of the heat pump system as an additional heat source. As a result, especially at low temperatures of the heat source in the evaporator, an evaporation pressure can be achieved which is in the working range of the liquid ring pump.
  • Fig. 1 shows the circuit of a heat pump system that works in the low temperature range with water as a refrigerant.
  • a vacuum pump 1 in the form of a liquid ring pump is provided, in the sealing liquid circuit 2 of which the heat exchanger 3 is arranged.
  • a heat collector designed as an evaporator 4 is supplied with water in the temperature range from 0 to 10 ° C., for example river water, via the inlet 5 and evaporated directly or indirectly.
  • the water vapor is supplied to the vacuum pump 1 via the steam line 6 and from there, after compression and an increase in temperature, reaches the heat consumer 8, for example a radiator, via the supply lines 7 and 13.
  • the water vapor condenses in the heat consumer 8, and the condensate level is adjusted with the aid of a valve 10, which can be controlled via a sensor 11 and a control device 12.
  • the condensate is otherwise fed via the throttle valve 9 to the evaporator 4 for re-evaporation or, when using a direct evaporator, drained behind the valve 10.
  • the water used as the heat source leaves the evaporator 4 via the outlet 15.
  • the forevacuum pump 14 is connected to the feed line 13 and constantly maintains the condensation pressure required in this system with respect to the atmosphere.
  • the backing pump also serves to keep the entire system air-free at all times.
  • the return line of a district heating network is supplied to the evaporator 16 via the inlet 5 and leaves the evaporator via the outlet 15.
  • the vacuum pump 1 again designed as a liquid ring pump, generates water vapor in the temperature range from 110 to 120 ° C. which is condensed in the heat exchanger 17 with the aid of a secondary heat transfer circuit and via the throttle valve til 9 is supplied to the evaporator 16 again.
  • the heat exchanger of the liquid ring pump 1 is arranged in the circuit 18 of the secondary heat carrier behind the heat exchanger 17.
  • warm water at temperatures of 50 to 60.degree. C. is likewise supplied to the heat collector designed as an indirect evaporator 16, so that 1 water vapor is generated in the overpressure range with the aid of the liquid ring pump.
  • This water vapor is condensed in the direct liquid condenser 20 connected downstream of the vacuum pump, in that its liquid inflow is connected to the outlet of the heat consumer 19 via the feed line 21.
  • the condensate formed in the condenser 20 is further heated using the heat exchanger 3 of the liquid ring pump 1.
  • the liquid ring pump 1 can be driven by a water-cooled internal combustion engine 23, the water supply to the indirect evaporator 16 being designed such that the cooling water of the internal combustion engine is supplied to the evaporator 16 as an additional heat source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

For operating a heat pump installation with water as the refrigerant, a vacuum pump is employed as the compressor. If a liquid ring pump is used, its dissipation heat is fed into the heating loop. To this end, the heat output side of the heat exchanger associated with the loop of the sealing liquid is connected to the primary or secondary heat carrier loop of the heat consumer associated with the refrigerant loop.

Description

Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der Wärmeerzeugung mittels Wärmepumpen und ist bei der systemtechnischen Ausgestaltung einer Wärmepumpenanlage anzuwenden.The invention is in the field of heat generation by means of heat pumps and is to be used in the system design of a heat pump system.

Die heute gebräuchlichen Wärmepumpenanlagen arbeiten in aller Regel mit drei Kreisläufen: einem Solekreislauf auf der Wärmequellenseite, einem Kältemittelkreislauf beim Kompressionsprozeß und einem Heizmediumkreislauf auf der Verbraucherseite. Während vor allem auf der Verbraucherseite Wasser als Heizmedium eingesetzt wird, werden beim Kompressionsprozeß vorzugsweise Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe verwendet. Diese sind jedoch bei Temperaturen von etwa über 90 °C im Grenzbereich ihrer Anwendungsmöglichkeit und somit bei Hochtemperaturwärmepumpen mit Heiztemperaturen von 100 bis 120 °C nicht zu verwenden. Weiterhin werden bei den bekannten Anlagen zur Trennung der verschiedenen Kreisläufe mindestens zwei Wärmetauscher benötigt (DE-AS 26 26 468).The heat pump systems currently in use generally work with three circuits: a brine circuit on the heat source side, a refrigerant circuit in the compression process and a heating medium circuit on the consumer side. While water is primarily used as the heating medium on the consumer side, fluorocarbons are preferably used in the compression process. However, these are not to be used at temperatures of about 90 ° C in the limit range of their application and therefore in high-temperature heat pumps with heating temperatures of 100 to 120 ° C. Furthermore, at least two heat exchangers are required in the known systems for separating the various circuits (DE-AS 26 26 468).

Ausgehend von einer Wärmepumpenanlage, bei der ein als Verdampfer ausgebildeter Wärmekollektor, ein Kompressor und wenigstens ein Wärmeverbraucher in einem offenen oder geschlossenen Kältemittelkreislauf angeordnet sind,. liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Wärmepumpenanlage systemtechnisch so auszugestalten, daß sie bei geringem apparativen Aufwand mit einem den Drei-Kreis-Wärmepumpenanlagen vergleichbaren Wirkungsgrad arbeitet und auch für die Erzeugung von Heiztemperaturen über 90 °C einsetzbar ist.Starting from a heat pump system in which a heat collector designed as an evaporator, a compressor and at least one heat consumer are arranged in an open or closed refrigerant circuit. the invention is based on the object of designing the heat pump system in such a way that it works with little equipment outlay with an efficiency comparable to that of the three-circuit heat pump systems and can also be used for the generation of heating temperatures above 90.degree.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist gemäß der Erfindunq vorgesehen, daß bei Verwendung von Wasser als Kältemittel der Kompressor aus einer Vakuumpumpe besteht.To solve this problem it is provided according to the invention that when water is used as the refrigerant, the compressor consists of a vacuum pump.

Bei einer derartiqen Ausgestaltung der Wärmepumpenanlage wird durch die Verwendung von Wasser ein Kältemittel einqesetzt, dessen Druckbereich um eine Größenordnung niedriger liegt als bei den üblicherweise verwendeten Fluorkohlenwasserstoffen. Die sicherheitstechnische Ausgestaltung und die Anforderungen an Bedienung und Wartung der Anlage werden dadurch reduziert. Auch kann der Steuerungsaufwand vermindert werden. Da sich Wasser durch Anwendung von Unterdruck im Niedervakuumbereich verdampfen läßt, hält sich auch der Aufwand für Verdampfer und Vakuumpumpe in engen Grenzen. Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Wärmepumpenanlage ist gegeben, wenn als Vakuumpumpe eine Flüssigkeitsringpumpe mit einem Thermo-Öl als Sperrflüssigkeit eingesetzt wird. Dabei kann im Kreislauf der Sperrflüssigkeit ein Wärmeaustauscher angeordnet sein und die Wärmeabgabeseite des Wärmeaustauschers im primären oder sekundären Wärmeträgerkreislauf des Wärmeverbrauchers liegen.In such a configuration of the heat pump system, the use of water results in the use of a refrigerant whose pressure range is an order of magnitude lower than that of the fluorocarbons normally used. This reduces the safety-related design and the requirements for operating and maintaining the system. The control effort can also be reduced. Since water can be evaporated in the low vacuum range by using negative pressure, the effort for the evaporator and vacuum pump is also kept within narrow limits. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the heat pump system is given when a liquid ring pump with a thermal oil as the sealing liquid is used as the vacuum pump. A heat exchanger can be arranged in the circuit of the sealing liquid and the heat emission side of the heat exchanger can be located in the primary or secondary heat transfer circuit of the heat consumer.

Mit der an sich seit Jahrzehnten bekannten Flüssigkeitsringpumpe, die bisher entweder als Vakuumpumpe zum Absaugen von Gasen und Dämpfen oder als Kompressor zum Verdichten von Gasen überwiegend in der chemischen Industrie eingesetzt wurde (Prospekt "Elmo-Gaspumpen" der Siemens AG, Juli 1964), wird in die Wärmepumpenanlage ein bewährtes, verschleißarmes;;, Aggregat eingeführt, das bei einer relativ geringen Drucksteigerung eine relativ große volumetrische Leistung erbringt. Sie kann dabei auf der Druckseite auch im Temperaturbereich von 100 bis 120 °C arbeiten. Die an sich relativ große Verlustleistung dieser Pumpe wird dabei über den der Sperrflüssigkeit zugeordneten Wärmeaustauscher als zusätzliche Heizleistunq in den Heizkreislauf eingespeist.With the liquid ring pump, which has been known per se for decades, and which has hitherto been used primarily as a vacuum pump for extracting gases and vapors or as a compressor for compressing gases in the chemical industry (prospectus "Elmo gas pumps" from Siemens AG, July 1964) In the heat pump system a proven, low-wear ;;, unit introduced, which provides a relatively large volumetric performance with a relatively low pressure increase. It can also work on the pressure side in the temperature range from 100 to 120 ° C. The relatively large power loss of this pump is fed into the heating circuit as additional heating power via the heat exchanger assigned to the sealing liquid.

Wesentlich für den Einsatz der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe ist dabei, daß anstelle der bisher üblichen Sperrflüssigkeit in Form von Wasser ein Thermo-öl eingesetzt wird, das sich durch einen hohen Siedepunkt und durch niedrige Viskosität bei den vorgesehenen Verdampfungstemperaturen auszeichnet. Ein geeignetes Thermo-Öl wird beispielsweise von der Firma BP unter der Bezeichnung "Transcal LT" vertrieben.It is essential for the use of the liquid ring pump that instead of the usual barrier liquid in the form of water, a thermal oil is used, which is characterized by a high boiling point and by low viscosity at the intended evaporation temperatures. A suitable thermal oil is sold, for example, by the company BP under the name "Transcal LT".

Die neue Wärmepumpenanlage kann je nach Ausgangstemperatur der Wärmequelle sowohl im Niedertemperaturbereich als auch im Hochtemperaturbereich eingesetzt werden. Wird beispielsweise als Wärmequelle Flußwasser verwendet, kann im Unterdruckbereich Wasserdampf mit Temperaturen von etwa 50 bis 70 °C erzeugt werden. Mit dem Wasserdampf lassen sich Heizkörper direkt speisen, wobei der Wasserdampf im Heizkörper kondensiert. In diesen Fällen wird die Anlage so ausgestaltet, daß an die Dampfleitung zwischen der Vakuumpumpe und dem Wärmeverbraucher eine Vorvakuumpumpe angeschlossen ist und daß dem Wärmeverbraucher ein steuerbares Ventil zur Steuerung der Kondensatmenge im Wärmeverbraucher nachgeschaltet ist.Depending on the initial temperature of the heat source, the new heat pump system can be used both in the low temperature range and in the high temperature range. For example, if river water is used as the heat source, water vapor at temperatures of around 50 to 70 ° C can be generated in the vacuum region. Radiators can be fed directly with the water vapor, whereby the water vapor condenses in the radiator. In these cases, the system is designed such that a fore-vacuum pump is connected to the steam line between the vacuum pump and the heat consumer and that a controllable valve for controlling the amount of condensate in the heat consumer is connected downstream of the heat consumer.

Wird als Wärmequelle beispielsweise der Rücklauf eines Fernheiznetzes mit einer Temperatur von ca. 50 0C verwendet, läßt sich Wasserdampf im überdruckbereich mit Temperaturen von 110 bis 120 °C erzeugen. Der mit geringem überdruck verdichtete Wasserdampf kann seine Wärme direkt oder indirekt in einem offenen oder geschlossenen Kondensator abgeben. Besonders zweckmäßig ist eine Anlage, bei der zwischen der Vakuumpumpe und dem Wärmeverbraucher ein direkter Flüssigkeitskondensator angeordnet ist, dessen Flüssigkeitszulauf mit dem Ausgang des Wärmeverbrauchers verbunden ist. Sofern hierbei als Vakuumpumpe eine Flüssigkeitsringpumpe eingesetzt ist, empfiehlt es sich, zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades der Anlage und zur Erhöhung der Heiztemperatur des Kon- densats den Wärmeaustauscher der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe zwischen dem Kondensator und dem Wärmeverbraucher anzuordnen.Is a district heating network with a temperature of about 50 0 C is used as a heat source, for example the reflux, water vapor can be generated over the pressure range at temperatures of 110 to 120 ° C. The water vapor compressed with a slight overpressure can emit its heat directly or indirectly in an open or closed condenser. A system is particularly expedient in which a direct liquid condenser is arranged between the vacuum pump and the heat consumer, the liquid inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the heat consumer. If a liquid ring pump is used as the vacuum pump, it is advisable to improve the efficiency of the system and to increase the heating temperature of the densats to arrange the heat exchanger of the liquid ring pump between the condenser and the heat consumer.

Bei Verwendung des Rücklaufes eines Fernheiznetzes als Wärmequelle kann man den verdichteten Wasserdampf aber auch einem Wärmetauscher zuführen, in dessen sekundärem Kreislauf der eigentliche Wärmeverbraucher liegt. Bei Einsatz einer Ringpumpe als Vakuumpumpe empfiehlt es sich in diesem Fall, die Wärmeabgabeseite des im Kreislauf der Sperrflüssigkeit der Ringpumpe angeordneten Wärmeaustauschers im sekundären Kreislauf des Wärmetauschers anzuordnen.When using the return of a district heating network as a heat source, the compressed water vapor can also be fed to a heat exchanger, in whose secondary circuit the actual heat consumer lies. When using a ring pump as a vacuum pump, it is recommended in this case to arrange the heat emission side of the heat exchanger arranged in the circuit of the sealing liquid of the ring pump in the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger.

Die neue Wärmepumpenanlage eignet sich besonders für industrielle Prozesse im höheren Temperaturbereich undkann dort gleichzeitig für Kühl- und Heizzwecke eingesetzt werden. Sofern die Vakuumpumpe von einem wassergekühlten Verbrennungsmotor angetrieben wird, führt mari zweckmäßig das Kühlwasser des Verbrennungsmotors dem Wärmekollektor der Wärmepumpenanlage als zusätzliche Wärmequelle zu. Dadurch kann vor allem bei niedrigen Temperaturen der Wärmequelle im Verdampfer ein Verdampfungsdruck erreicht werden, der im Arbeitsbereich der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe liegt.The new heat pump system is particularly suitable for industrial processes in the higher temperature range and can also be used there for cooling and heating purposes. If the vacuum pump is driven by a water-cooled internal combustion engine, mari expediently supplies the cooling water of the internal combustion engine to the heat collector of the heat pump system as an additional heat source. As a result, especially at low temperatures of the heat source in the evaporator, an evaporation pressure can be achieved which is in the working range of the liquid ring pump.

Ausführungsbeispiele der neuen Wärmepumpenanlage sind in den Figuren 1 bis 4 dargestellt..Exemplary embodiments of the new heat pump system are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.

Fig. 1 zeigt den Kreislauf einer Wärmepumpenanlage, die im Niedertemperaturbereich mit Wasser als Kältemittel arbeitet. Zur Verdichtung des erzeugten Wasserdampfes ist eine Vakuumpumpe 1 in Form einer Flüssigkeitsringpumpe vorgesehen, in deren Sperrflüssigkeitskreislauf 2 der Wärmeaustauscher 3 angeordnet ist.Fig. 1 shows the circuit of a heat pump system that works in the low temperature range with water as a refrigerant. To compress the water vapor generated, a vacuum pump 1 in the form of a liquid ring pump is provided, in the sealing liquid circuit 2 of which the heat exchanger 3 is arranged.

Einem als Verdampfer 4 ausgebildeten Wärmekollektor wird über den Zulauf 5 Wasser im Temperaturbereich von 0 bis 10 °C, beispielsweise Flußwasser, zugeführt und direkt oder indirekt verdampft. Der Wasserdampf wird über die Dampfleitung 6 der Vakuumpumpe 1 zugeführt und gelangt von dort nach Verdichtung und Temperaturerhöhung über die Zuleitung 7 und 13 zum Wärmeverbraucher 8, beispielsweise einem Heizkörper. Im Wärmeverbraucher 8 kondensiert der Wasserdampf, der Kondensatspiegel wird dabei mit Hilfe eines Ventils 10 eingestellt, das über einen Fühler 11 und eine Steuereinrichtung 12 steuerbar ist. Das Kondensat wird im übrigen über das Drosselventil 9 dem Verdampfer 4 zur erneuten Verdampfung zugeführt oder, bei Verwendung eines direkten Verdampfers, hinter dem Ventil 10 abgelassen. Bei Verwendung eines indirekten Verdampfers verläßt das als Wärmequelle verwendete Wasser den Verdampfer 4 über den Auslauf 15.A heat collector designed as an evaporator 4 is supplied with water in the temperature range from 0 to 10 ° C., for example river water, via the inlet 5 and evaporated directly or indirectly. The water vapor is supplied to the vacuum pump 1 via the steam line 6 and from there, after compression and an increase in temperature, reaches the heat consumer 8, for example a radiator, via the supply lines 7 and 13. The water vapor condenses in the heat consumer 8, and the condensate level is adjusted with the aid of a valve 10, which can be controlled via a sensor 11 and a control device 12. The condensate is otherwise fed via the throttle valve 9 to the evaporator 4 for re-evaporation or, when using a direct evaporator, drained behind the valve 10. When using an indirect evaporator, the water used as the heat source leaves the evaporator 4 via the outlet 15.

Da bei der Wärmepumpenanlage gemäß Fig. 1 Wasserdampf im Temperaturbereich von etwa 50 bis 60 °C erzeugt wird, arbeitet die Anlage auf der Verbraucherseite im Unterdruckbereich. Aus diesem Grunde ist an die Zuleitung 13 die Vorvakuumpumpe 14 angeschlossen, die den bei dieser Anlage erforderlichen Kondensationsdruck gegenüber der Atmosphäre ständig aufrechterhält. Die Vorvakuumpumpe dient gleichzeitig dazu, das gesamte System ständig luftfrei zu halten.Since water vapor in the temperature range of approximately 50 to 60 ° C. is generated in the heat pump system according to FIG. 1, the system works on the consumer side in the negative pressure range. For this reason, the forevacuum pump 14 is connected to the feed line 13 and constantly maintains the condensation pressure required in this system with respect to the atmosphere. The backing pump also serves to keep the entire system air-free at all times.

Bei der Wärmepumpenanlage gemäß Fig. 2 wird dem Verdampfer 16 über den Zulauf 5 der Rücklauf eines Fernheiznetzes zugeführt und verläßt den Verdampfer über den Auslauf 15. Die wiederum als Flüssigkeitsringpumpe ausgebildete Vakuumpumpe 1 erzeugt in diesem Fall Wasserdampf im Temperaturbereich von 110 bis 120 °C, der im Wärmetauscher 17 mit Hilfe eines sekundären Wärmeträgerkreislaufes kondensiert wird und über das Drosselventil 9 dem Verdampfer 16 erneut zugeführt wird. In diesem Fall ist der Wärmeaustauscher der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 1 im Kreislauf 18 des sekundären Wärmeträgers hinter dem Wärmeaustauscher 17 angeordnet.2, the return line of a district heating network is supplied to the evaporator 16 via the inlet 5 and leaves the evaporator via the outlet 15. In this case, the vacuum pump 1, again designed as a liquid ring pump, generates water vapor in the temperature range from 110 to 120 ° C. which is condensed in the heat exchanger 17 with the aid of a secondary heat transfer circuit and via the throttle valve til 9 is supplied to the evaporator 16 again. In this case, the heat exchanger of the liquid ring pump 1 is arranged in the circuit 18 of the secondary heat carrier behind the heat exchanger 17.

Bei der Wärmepumpenanlage gemäß Fig. 3 wird dem als indirektem Verdampfer 16 ausgebildeten Wärmekollektor ebenfalls warmes Wasser mit Temperaturen von 50 bis 60 °C zugeführt, so daß mit Hilfe der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 1 Wasserdampf im Überdruckbereich erzeugt wird. In dem der Vakuumpumpe nachgeschalteten direkten Flüssigkeitskondensator 20 wird dieser Wasserdampf kondensiert, indem dessen Flüssigkeitszulauf mit dem Ausgang des Wärmeverbrauchers 19 über die Zuleitung 21 verbunden ist. Das im Kondensator 20 gebildete Kondensat wird mit Hilfe des Wärmeaustauschers 3 der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 1 weiter erhitzt.In the heat pump system according to FIG. 3, warm water at temperatures of 50 to 60.degree. C. is likewise supplied to the heat collector designed as an indirect evaporator 16, so that 1 water vapor is generated in the overpressure range with the aid of the liquid ring pump. This water vapor is condensed in the direct liquid condenser 20 connected downstream of the vacuum pump, in that its liquid inflow is connected to the outlet of the heat consumer 19 via the feed line 21. The condensate formed in the condenser 20 is further heated using the heat exchanger 3 of the liquid ring pump 1.

Gemäß Fig. 4 kann die Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 1 von einem wassergekühlten Verbrennungsmotor 23 angetrieben sein, wobei der Wasserzulauf zum indirekten Verdampfer 16 derart gestaltet ist, daß das Kühlwasser des Verbrennungsmotors dem Verdampfer 16 als zusätzliche Wärmequelle zugeführt wird.4, the liquid ring pump 1 can be driven by a water-cooled internal combustion engine 23, the water supply to the indirect evaporator 16 being designed such that the cooling water of the internal combustion engine is supplied to the evaporator 16 as an additional heat source.

Claims (7)

1. Wärmepumpenanlage, bei der ein als Verdampfer ausgebildeter Wärmekollektor, ein Kompressor und wenigstens ein Wärmeverbraucher in einem offenen oder geschlossenen Kältemittelkreislauf angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß bei Verwendung von Wasser als Kältemittel der Kompressor aus einer Vakuumpumpe (1) besteht.1. Heat pump system, in which a heat collector designed as an evaporator, a compressor and at least one heat consumer are arranged in an open or closed refrigerant circuit, characterized in that when water is used as the refrigerant, the compressor consists of a vacuum pump (1). 2. Wärmepumpenanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß an die Dampfleitung (13) zwischen der Vakuumpumpe (1) und dem Wärmeverbraucher (8) eine Vorvakuumpumpe (14) angeschlossen ist und daß dem Wärmeverbraucher (8) ein steuerbares Ventil (10) zur Steuerung der Kondensatmenge im Wärmeverbraucher nachgeschaltet ist.2. Heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that a fore vacuum pump (14) is connected to the steam line (13) between the vacuum pump (1) and the heat consumer (8) and that the heat consumer (8) has a controllable valve (10) for Control of the amount of condensate in the heat consumer is connected downstream. 3. Wärmepumpenanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß zwischen der Vakuumpumpe (1) und dem Wärmeverbraucher (19) ein direkter Flüssigkeitskondensator (20) angeordnet ist, dessen Flüssigkeitszulauf (22) mit dem Ausgang des Wärmeverbrauchers (19) verbunden ist.3. Heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that a direct liquid condenser (20) is arranged between the vacuum pump (1) and the heat consumer (19), the liquid inlet (22) is connected to the outlet of the heat consumer (19). 4. Wärmepumpenanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Vakuumpumpe eine Flüssigkeitsringpumpe (1, 2, 3) mit einem Thermo-Öl als Sperrflüssigkeit eingesetzt ist.4. Heat pump system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a liquid ring pump (1, 2, 3) with a thermal oil is used as the sealing liquid as a vacuum pump. 5. Wärmepumpenanlage nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß im Kreislauf der Sperrflüssigkeit ein Wärmeaustauscher (3) angeordnet ist und daß die Wärmeabgabeseite des Wärmeaustauschers (3) im primären oder sekundären Wärmeträgerkreislauf des Wärmeverbrauchers (17, 19) liegt.5. Heat pump system according to claim 4, characterized in that a heat exchanger (3) is arranged in the circuit of the sealing liquid and that the heat output side of the heat exchanger (3) is in the primary or secondary heat transfer circuit of the heat consumer (17, 19). 6. Wärmepumpenanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Wärmeaustauscher (3) zwischen dem Kondensator (20) und dem Wärmeverbraucher (19) angeordnet ist.6. Heat pump system according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger (3) between the condenser (20) and the heat consumer (19) is arranged. 7. Wärmepumpenanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Vakuumpumpe (1) von einem wassergekühlten Verbrennungsmotor (23) angetrieben ist, dessen Kühlwasser dem Wärmekollektor (16) als zusätzliche Wärmequelle zugeführt wird.7. Heat pump system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the vacuum pump (1) is driven by a water-cooled internal combustion engine (23), the cooling water of which is supplied to the heat collector (16) as an additional heat source.
EP83730048A 1982-05-21 1983-05-13 Heat pump Expired EP0095439B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83730048T ATE36401T1 (en) 1982-05-21 1983-05-13 HEAT PUMP SYSTEM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823219680 DE3219680A1 (en) 1982-05-21 1982-05-21 HEAT PUMP SYSTEM
DE3219680 1982-05-21

Publications (3)

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EP0095439A2 true EP0095439A2 (en) 1983-11-30
EP0095439A3 EP0095439A3 (en) 1985-05-22
EP0095439B1 EP0095439B1 (en) 1988-08-10

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ID=6164480

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US (1) US4580720A (en)
EP (1) EP0095439B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE36401T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3219680A1 (en)

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EP0150014A2 (en) * 1984-01-10 1985-07-31 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. Heat pump
WO1989012201A1 (en) * 1988-05-30 1989-12-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process plant
EP1762785A2 (en) 2005-06-30 2007-03-14 Hitachi, Ltd. Heat pump system and heat pump operation method

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US5636523A (en) * 1992-11-20 1997-06-10 Energy Converters Ltd. Liquid ring compressor/turbine and air conditioning systems utilizing same
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US7980753B2 (en) 1998-04-16 2011-07-19 Air Liquide Electronics U.S. Lp Systems and methods for managing fluids in a processing environment using a liquid ring pump and reclamation system
US20070119816A1 (en) * 1998-04-16 2007-05-31 Urquhart Karl J Systems and methods for reclaiming process fluids in a processing environment
US7871249B2 (en) * 1998-04-16 2011-01-18 Air Liquide Electronics U.S. Lp Systems and methods for managing fluids using a liquid ring pump
EP1706681A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2006-10-04 Erwin Oser Method and system for increasing the temperature of a vaporous working medium
US20070109912A1 (en) * 2005-04-15 2007-05-17 Urquhart Karl J Liquid ring pumping and reclamation systems in a processing environment
US8235580B2 (en) 2006-10-12 2012-08-07 Air Liquide Electronics U.S. Lp Reclaim function for semiconductor processing systems
NO20120734A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2013-12-26 Vacuwatt As Heat pump systems
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CN107514831A (en) * 2017-07-20 2017-12-26 卢振华 A kind of heat pump and method of work using water as operation material

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EP0150014A2 (en) * 1984-01-10 1985-07-31 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. Heat pump
EP0150014A3 (en) * 1984-01-10 1986-10-08 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. Heat pump
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EP1762785A3 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-03-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Heat pump system and heat pump operation method
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE36401T1 (en) 1988-08-15
DE3377665D1 (en) 1988-09-15
EP0095439A3 (en) 1985-05-22
US4580720A (en) 1986-04-08
EP0095439B1 (en) 1988-08-10
DE3219680A1 (en) 1983-11-24

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