EP0095334A2 - Dispositif de chauffage à combustible solide - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage à combustible solide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0095334A2
EP0095334A2 EP83302878A EP83302878A EP0095334A2 EP 0095334 A2 EP0095334 A2 EP 0095334A2 EP 83302878 A EP83302878 A EP 83302878A EP 83302878 A EP83302878 A EP 83302878A EP 0095334 A2 EP0095334 A2 EP 0095334A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
furnace
fuel
fire
furnace vessel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83302878A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0095334A3 (fr
Inventor
Archibald Watson Kidd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB838302399A external-priority patent/GB8302399D0/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0095334A2 publication Critical patent/EP0095334A2/fr
Publication of EP0095334A3 publication Critical patent/EP0095334A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B9/00—Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for heating water 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B13/00—Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels 
    • F24B13/02—Arrangement or mountings of fire-grate assemblies; Arrangement or mountings of linings for fire-boxes, e.g. fire-backs 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/06—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around ranges
    • F24B5/08—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around ranges around the baking oven
    • F24B5/082—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around ranges around the baking oven several ovens

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heating appliance which burns carbonaceous solid fuel.
  • a variety of solid fuel appliances are known for domestic cooking and to a greater or lesser extent for heating the house as well as cooking. Probably the best known is the "Aga" cooker.
  • domestic solid fuel appliances for heating and cooking frequently have the limitation that they require very refined fuel such as anthracite or the partially coked fuel sold in UK under the Registered Trade Mark “phurnacite”, and will not operate smokelessly on cheaper and dirtier grades of coal; indeed they may well not operate on such at all.
  • the rather elderly U.K. specification 245,589 includes two figures (6 and 7) which show a fire enclosure capable of rotation and into which the fuel is fed slightly above the bottom of the fire enclosure.
  • the fuel is fed by a pusher which is apparently operated manually. No means are provided for rotating the fire enclosure and presumably this would have to be done by means of a hand tool, such as a poker, inserted between the vertical bars of the enclosure.
  • the apparatus appears to be in the nature of a brazier where the fire is visible, and indeed a reflector is provided for reflecting the heat out in a particular direction.
  • this invention provides a domestic or small industrial heating appliance fired by solid fuel having a rotary furnace vessel to contain a fire of such fuel, means to drive the vessel in rotation around a generally upright axis during at least some of the time when it is in use, and fuel supply means arranged to deliver solid fuel to the bottom of the said furnace vessel.
  • Rotation of the furnace vessel helps to create a uniformly distributed fire with large and small fuel particles distributed around the fire as viewed in plan.
  • An auger tends to degrade (i.e. crush) solid fuel to some extent and without rotation large lumps would tend to go to one side of the fire and small particles to another.
  • the centre of the fire will be somewhat different from its edges, but there is greater uniformity between different edge areas around the centre.
  • the enhanced uniformity in fuel distribution around the fire also leads to enhanced uniformity around the fire of the rates of air flow, combustion and ash formation. All of this facilitates smooth operation which can be made largely automatic.
  • Rotation of the furnace vessel also creates the possibility of carrying discharging ash around to a desired discharge point, which may be through an airlock system. Rotation can be of some help in preventing formation of coke trees, although it is preferred to provide a poker (as mentioned below) in addition.
  • the present invention is conceived primarily for solid fuel domestic appliances incorporating at least one oven and means for heating water, it is believed that at least some of the inventions could also be employed in small industrial plant, notably for heating an oven such as a drying oven or an annealing oven, an autoclave or a boiler.
  • the heating and cooking appliance shown in the drawings has a coal hopper 12 at the left hand end, two ovens 14,16 at the right hand end and the fire inbetween.
  • the main oven 14 is at a high level for obvious reasons of convenience to the user. It should be appreciated of course, that only a single oven might be provided.
  • the main hot water boiler 18 is also at the right hand end with the ovens but this could also be placed in other positions.
  • the appliance shown could have typical dimensions of 24 inches (600 mm) front to back and 5 foot 9 inches (1700 mm) horizontal length.
  • a worktop 20 incorporating hot-plates 22,23. This worktop is at a height of about 3 feet (900 mm) from the floor.
  • the furnace is generally indicated by numeral 24.
  • An ash collecting receptacle is provided in the form of a drawer 26, somewhat resembling a metal filing cabinet drawer. This is placed at low level and extends partly under the coal hopper 12 and partly under the furnace 24. With good fuel such as anthracite this ash drawer 26 should not need emptying oftener than once every 4 to 7 days, while with cheaper and dirtier coal the period might be reduced to two days.
  • Dry coal of say inch, to inch (19 mm to 5 mm approx) size may be used, although it is quite possible that a proportion of dust or fines will be acceptable.
  • This is manually filled, preferably using a specially shaped scoop or hod, into the coal hopper 12 through an opening into the worktop 20 which is normally closed by a flush- fitting cover plate 21 which swings open to the position shown in phantom.
  • the bottom of the hopper 12 is V shaped and inclines from front and back to the centre at such an angle that coal will freely run.
  • an auger trough 28' in which an auger 28 when revolving, conveys the coal to the furnace section of the appliance.
  • One end of the auger is carried in a bearing 34 in the outside wall of the coal hopper 12.
  • the other, inward end, of the auger shaft may be carried by a bearing at 36 in the outside wall of the coal feed-tube 32.
  • An alternative would be for the auger shaft to pass through a clearance hole in the feed tube and be carried by a bearing in a gearbox from which a low speed drive is given to the auger shaft. It will be understood that the auger will work intermittently, working only when the furnace needs more coal. The auger revolves at a very low speed, such as one revolution in two minutes or even slower.
  • the furnace 24 is a round vessel having an upper cylindrical section 42, a frusto-conical middle section 44 and a bottom section 46 which is again approximately cylindrical.
  • the top and bottom of the vessel are open. It is preferably made as a casting but it could alternatively be of welded construction.
  • the upper part 42 of this vessel may have a diameter of approximately 12 inches (300 mm). It will be understood that a greater or lesser diameter may be adopted according to the desired rated heat output of the appliance.
  • the lower part 46 of the vessel 24 is loosely spigoted on the upturned delivery end of the coal tube 32 so that the vessel 24 is able to revolve on a vertical axis.
  • a ring of slots 48 is provided in the frusto-conical section 44 of the vessel. These slots are arranged to.mesh'with the teeth of a bevel gear 50 (shown. in section) carried on the end portion 52 of the auger shaft.
  • the auger shaft is driven by an electric motor 54 through reduction gearing which Includes worm gears 56 meshing with gears 57 by means of which a very substantial speed reduction is obtained.
  • the furnace vessel 24 is made to revolve each time the auger 28 is driven to feed more coal to the furnace.
  • the speed of rotation of the furnace is very slow, typically one revolution every two to four minutes.
  • the air inlet slots 48 have a dual function in that they are also used for conveying drive to the furnace.
  • the teeth on the bevel gear 50 are made long enough to project just through the slots 48 or almost through these slots so that as the furnace revolves the slots are poked out by the teeth of the gear wheel 50. In this way a free path is maintained for the supply for combustion air to the fire.
  • a poking arrangement is provided to agitate the central part of the material in the furnace while further coal is being fed in.
  • a problem which has been encountered with bottom fed furnaces is that the fuel in the middle of the furnace is only partly burned and is converted into coke. This then forms a solid body progressively rising up through the central part of the fire as what is termed a "coke tree". The problem would occur particularly with caking coals which fuse into a plastic mass when heated and prevent the combustion air from reaching the central part of the furnace.
  • a shaft 100 is journalled in brackets 101 generally beneath the delivery end of the coal tube 32.
  • a rod, constituting a poker 102 is a sliding fit in a hole in the coal tube 32, and projects up into the vessel 24 in front of the auger shaft into the vessel 24.
  • the lower end of the poker 102 is urged by a spring 104 down onto a cam 105 on the shaft 100.
  • the upper part of the poker 102 is loosely supported in a collar 106 on the end of the arm 108 fixed to the vessel 24.
  • the upper end of the poker 102 is shown as being about half-way up the vertical height of the furnace vessel 24. However, a more or less high position may be found acceptable.
  • the shaft 100 is driven by a gear 110 meshing with a gear 112 on the auger shaft.
  • the spur gear 112 may be cast intergral with the larger bevel gear 50, as shown. Because of the low speed of revolution of these gear wheels, simple cast teeth may be adequate.
  • the movement of the poker 102 serves to break up the underside of the plastic mass which tends to form from caking coal.
  • the poker breaks up this mass as it is forming and while it is still fairly soft, before it hardens into material more in the nature of coke. Breaking up the plastic mass in this way enables combustion to become established and it is therefore unlikely that the fuel will again form into a plastic mass higher up in the fire bed. Problems from coke trees are therefore prevented by preventing the formation of the coke like material. However, if any coke tree did form this would also be subjected to the agitation of the poker 102, and so could well be broken up or displaced into a position nearer the periphery of the fire where it would be burned.
  • the furnace will get very hot and it is therefore surrounded by a circular water jacket 56 which is connected into the water heating system to be described later.
  • This water jacket provides a heat sink to ensure that the furnace chamber, that is to say the part of the unit housing the furnace, does not become overheated.
  • the furnace as illustrated is operated with forced draught, although induced draught may be used as an alternative.
  • forced draught although induced draught may be used as an alternative.
  • it is contained within an enclosed space defined by the water jacket 56 and various walls e.g. 60, of the unit. Air is blown into this space when required, by a fan 62 which provides the forced draught.
  • the fan 62 has a flat pressure-flow characteristic to aid combustion control.
  • the forced draught of air enters the fire through the slots 48 and is prevented from escaping up the outside of the furnace vessel 24 by a rotating airlock system around the upper part 42 of this vessel.
  • This airlock system consists of four co-operating annuli.
  • annular flanges or ledges 64,66 Two of these are stationary annular flanges or ledges 64,66 extending radially inwardly from the inside of the water jacket 56 for a radial depth of say 3 inches (75mm) and spaced apart vertically by about the same amount.
  • the others are two annular flanges 68,70 which project radially outwardly from the upper part 42 of the furnace and rest lightly on the upper surface of the flanges 64,66 respectively.
  • the furnace 24 not only rotates on the loose spigot at its base, as already mentioned, but is also guided by the edge of one of its two flanges 68,70.
  • the edge of the top flange 68 bears on rollers 69 interposed between it and the inside of the water jacket 56, as best seen on Fig. 2
  • this top flange is also very approximately 3 inches (75mm) in radial dimension, as is the flange 70 below. It is feasible that the roller bearing could be provided around the edge of the lower flange 70 rather than the upper flange 68.
  • top part of the furnace vessel 24, above the flange 70 could be a separate part spigotted on the rest, with some vertical play to take up the effect of expansion and keep both moving flanges 68,70 closely adjacent to the associated stationary flanges 64,66.
  • the ring of rollers is not shown in detail in Fig. 5. However, it may consist of rollers spaced apart by inserts between successive rollers 69. These would not revolve, but would slide on the stationary flange as the rollers 69 turned. Such inserts could consist of small iron blocks.
  • FIG. 3 Another possibility for a simple bearing at the top flange 68 (or the lower flange 70) is to provide a plate of hardened metal 120 as a top surface to flange 70 so that the surfaces in contact are not both of soft iron.
  • This expedient could be employed in addition to the provision of the rollers 69 or even without these rollers (as shown) the edge of the top flange 68 then being allowed to rub lightly against the inside of the water jacket 56.
  • the flanges 68,70 projecting out from the upper part of the furnace vessel and the flanges 64,66 projecting inwardly from the water jacket each contain slots 71 extending over a large part of their radial depth, and having a circumferential extent of about 4 inches (100 mm).
  • the purpose of these slots is to allow ash and clinker, which are carried up through the fire to fall from its top, to drop down past the flanges into the ash drawer 26.
  • the slots in the upper pair of flanges 64,68 are arranged to be closed when the slots in the lower pair 66,70 are open, and vice versa, so that an air seal is maintained. At no time is there a through path form the combustion air which necessarily therefore has to enter the furnace through the slots 48.
  • the water jacket 56 is surrounded by a base plate or make-up baffle so that the forced draught cannot escape past the outside of the water-jacket. It is not essential that the annuli 64-70 are horizontal as shown. They could be at a variety of angles to the horizontal.
  • the slot 71 in the top flange 68 does not extend to the periphery and this is obviously necessary for any flange which bears against rollers 69, in order to keep these in place.
  • a pivoted lever 72 extending into the space above the furnace 24.
  • This lever 72 constitutes sensing means to detect the fully fuelled condition.
  • a switch is actuated which stops the drive motor 54 for the auger-furnace system. If desired a time delay may be incorporated in the motor circuit so that once stopped it cannot re-start for say five minutes, thus preventing hunting and unnecessary "inching" of the drive system.
  • the stop or flap on the water jacket 56 is so positioned in plan view that the slot in the top fixed flange 64 will be in the right spot to allow the rubbish to drop right through on to the top of the lower rotating flange 70.
  • a stop or flap will hold the moving ash and clinker until the slots in the annular flanges 66,70 coincide, when it will be able to drop right down into the ash tray 26. Should an odd piece of clinker be too large to drop through the slots the drive to the furnace should be powerful enough to exert a shearing and grinding action on it until it does drop.
  • the rubbish can only drop down at the position of the slot in the lower fixed flange 66. Hence, especially seeing there is an unusually large amount of height available, it can readily be arranged that it drops from there onto the top of the coal tube casting 32 at a point adjacent to the coal hopper partition 30.
  • sloping plates may be arranged to intercept and further spread the ash as it falls. In this way the falling shower will be split and will thus spread itself more evenly along the ash. drawer .26 than if it simply fell straight down in which case it would build up into a single conical mound.
  • the ash drawer 26 which is tight-fitting at its outer end may be provided with a simple light metal cover to prevent dust blowing about while being carried away for emptying.
  • the parts described so far provide a self- feeding, self-cleaning, smokeless fire giving a source of very hot gases in the space above the furnace.
  • the main cooking hotplate 22 Above this space will be the main cooking hotplate 22, which will be exposed on its underside not only to the said hot gases but also to any radiant heat emanating from the top of the fire.
  • the hot plate will of course have a removable insulating cover on its top side.
  • a firebrick wall 73 Circularly enclosing the hot gas space referred to is a firebrick wall 73. This may be in two sections for ease of installation through the hole which accommodates the hot plate 22. Likewise the furnace 24 and fuel coal tube 32 may be inserted or extracted through the hot plate hole. In this firebrick wall is an opening 74 say about 9" by 3" for example, through which the hot gases can travel sideways towards the oven end of the appliance and into a fairly large insulated chamber 76 with a firebrick base 94. This second hot gas space is for several purposes.
  • the largely dust- free hot gases may pass through one or both of two regulators which provide the gas exits from the chamber. These are thermostatically controlled flaps or grilles, one 96 of which opens or closes in response to the oven thermostat and the other 98 in response to the hot water thermostat. For such periods as both thermostats require their associated valve to be closed there is a by-pass which will allow sufficient gas to flow to keep the fire alive until a demand is made upon it.
  • This by-pass small flow of hot gas is allowed to circulate round the hot water boiler circuit and so to the chimney but in case of the hot water rising to an undesirable temperature it can be arranged that the hot gases are switched to the oven circuit and on to the chimney. This arrangement allows the fire to be maintained at the small cost of having the main oven somewhat heated when not actually necessary.
  • the hot water may be connected to an external radiator circuit.
  • the boiler 18 can be made in any way which will allow it to achieve its function of bringing water into heat exchange relationship with the hot gases from the fire. It may for example be "fire-tubed", be of corrugated construction or be made by having a series of water-filled “sandwich” elements arranged to have the hot gases flow around them. As shown the water filled spaces are designated 122. It is desirable to provide small access ports to give access to all possible points where there is a flat horizontal gas-swept surface because at infrequent intervals of say once a year it would be desirable to rake out any soot deposit.
  • a secondary, simmering or warming oven 16 is provided adjacent to the boiler section and the gases from the boiler pass on to sweep over one side and the top of this oven to heat it.
  • the residual heat in the gases from the boiler are put to use and this oven is maintained permanently warm as virtually no extra cost.
  • the main oven 14 is bounded by walls 78 which are spaced apart from the main structure of the unit and by means of this the main oven is arranged to be heated from underneath, both sides and the top. In this way it will be possible to secure a rapid response to the oven thermostat and when the oven is set to a new temperature by varying the setting of its thermostat the new temperature should be achieved in about the same time as is normal with standard gas or electric ovens. Temperatures up to the highest normally used in cooking food should be easily obtainable.
  • the connecting up of a balanced draft flue system, conveying both the outgoing flue gas and incoming air, facilitated and hence the use of a medium-level, through the wall chimney is greatly simplified, even on windy sites.
  • the incoming combustion air may be prewarmed by its passage through the duct 84 because this will be heated to some extent by the adjacent warm flue gases.
  • the fan 62 which provides the forced draft is in a chamber 88 below the boiler 18 and the secondary oven 16. In this same chamber, accessible by means of a hinged door, there is kept a cylinder 90 of ordinary commercial bottled gas (e.g. propane or butane) for igniting the fire. Of course if mains gas was available this could be used instead of bottled gas.
  • ordinary commercial bottled gas e.g. propane or butane
  • the gas feeds a gas ring (not shown) which practically surrounds the base of the furnace vessel 24.
  • the nozzle and hence the jets of flame from the ring when lit, are directed at the slots 48 in the furnace.
  • hot air ignition may be used as now available for ordinary fire lighting.
  • the furnace is under the control of a time clock and when this calls upon the fire to ignite it turns on the gas by means of a solenoid valve of conventional type whereafter the flames from the gas ring ignite the coal in the furnace 24 by virtue of the forced draught from the fan 62.
  • the fan 62 stops at an interval after the drive to the auger 28 has been turned off, and during this interval the fuel in the furnace burns down somewhat.
  • the operating sequence for the fan and the auger is governed by the time control for the furnace.
  • the entire appliance is heavily insulated against heat loss and various pieces of heat insulation incorporated in the appliance are indicated by reference numeral 92.
  • the unit should be practically silent in operation. It is expected that the efficiency of the unit, in terms of low fuel consumption to achieve a given heat effect, will be very high, perhaps double that of conventional equipment.
  • Figure 6 is an analogous view to the right hand part of Figure 1 showing a modification which may be desirable when a conventional chimney is employed.
  • a simple valve could be provided to cut off this bleed of forced draft once the appliance was lit but it could be beneficial to leave the jet of air from the nozzle 134 at all times in order to give an accelerated draft in the chimney and thereby reduce the amount of soot being deposited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP83302878A 1982-05-21 1983-05-19 Dispositif de chauffage à combustible solide Withdrawn EP0095334A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8214876 1982-05-21
GB8214876 1982-05-21
GB8220844 1982-07-19
GB8220844 1982-07-19
GB838302399A GB8302399D0 (en) 1982-05-21 1983-01-28 Solid fuel heating appliance
GB8302399 1983-01-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0095334A2 true EP0095334A2 (fr) 1983-11-30
EP0095334A3 EP0095334A3 (fr) 1985-10-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83302878A Withdrawn EP0095334A3 (fr) 1982-05-21 1983-05-19 Dispositif de chauffage à combustible solide

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US (1) US4708069A (fr)
EP (1) EP0095334A3 (fr)

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ITCZ20110012A1 (it) * 2011-06-25 2011-09-24 Ungaro Srl Termocucina alimentata a pellet o grani di biomassa atta sia a cucinare che a riscaldare acqua per riscaldamento domestico
WO2011161268A3 (fr) * 2010-06-26 2012-03-08 Ungaro Srl Cuisinière de cuisson et de chauffage alimentée en granules ou en grains de biomasse conçue de manière à cuire et à chauffer de l'eau pour le chauffage domestique
CN104832950A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2015-08-12 南京陆海自动化设备工程有限公司 多用途燃烧环保炉
PL424380A1 (pl) * 2018-01-25 2019-07-29 Termo-Tech Przedsiębiorstwo Wdrożeń Techniki Kotłowej Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Kocioł grzewczy na paliwa stałe
IT201900018296A1 (it) * 2019-10-09 2021-04-09 Ermanno Baricca Dispositivo di segnalazione di prossimo esaurimento di combustibile granulare e relativo metodo di installazione

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US5912427A (en) * 1993-02-26 1999-06-15 Quantic Industries, Inc. Semiconductor bridge explosive device
US20070169948A1 (en) * 2006-01-26 2007-07-26 C. Cretors And Company Fire containment system
CA2566822C (fr) * 2006-11-02 2014-06-03 Innovation F.D.G. Inc. Un bruleur de source de combustible renouvelable pour un appareil de chauffage
US11493275B2 (en) 2017-10-10 2022-11-08 Tps Ip, Llc Oven with renewable energy capacities
US11299925B2 (en) 2017-10-11 2022-04-12 Tps Ip, Llc Oven with split doors
US11585701B2 (en) 2017-10-27 2023-02-21 Tps Ip, Llc Intelligent oven
US11346560B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2022-05-31 Tps Ip, Llc Oven wall compositions and/or structures

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FR853060A (fr) * 1939-04-13 1940-03-09 Installation de chargement pour foyers
US2527594A (en) * 1945-12-13 1950-10-31 Timken Silent Automatic Divisi Underfeed stoker, including a rotatable burner head
DE923498C (de) * 1952-05-31 1955-02-14 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Korbaehnlicher Drehrost, insbesondere mit Unterwindfuehrung

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011161268A3 (fr) * 2010-06-26 2012-03-08 Ungaro Srl Cuisinière de cuisson et de chauffage alimentée en granules ou en grains de biomasse conçue de manière à cuire et à chauffer de l'eau pour le chauffage domestique
ITCZ20110012A1 (it) * 2011-06-25 2011-09-24 Ungaro Srl Termocucina alimentata a pellet o grani di biomassa atta sia a cucinare che a riscaldare acqua per riscaldamento domestico
CN104832950A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2015-08-12 南京陆海自动化设备工程有限公司 多用途燃烧环保炉
PL424380A1 (pl) * 2018-01-25 2019-07-29 Termo-Tech Przedsiębiorstwo Wdrożeń Techniki Kotłowej Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Kocioł grzewczy na paliwa stałe
IT201900018296A1 (it) * 2019-10-09 2021-04-09 Ermanno Baricca Dispositivo di segnalazione di prossimo esaurimento di combustibile granulare e relativo metodo di installazione

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US4708069A (en) 1987-11-24
EP0095334A3 (fr) 1985-10-16

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