EP0094192B1

EP0094192B1 - Fire extinguishing apparatus

Info

Publication number: EP0094192B1
Application number: EP83302499A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Raymond Whitlock; Francis Richard Lockwood
Original assignee: Chubb Fire Security Ltd; Chubb Fire Ltd
Current assignee: Chubb Fire Ltd
Priority date: 1982-05-12
Filing date: 1983-05-04
Publication date: 1986-08-27
Also published as: GB8312223D0; ZA833304B; DE3365583D1; ES8407399A1; EP0094192A1; AU559770B2; AU1448483A; GB2119646A; ES522289A0; GB2119646B

Description

This invention relates to fire extinguishing apparatus. The invention aims to provide inexpensive automatic fire extinguishing apparatus suitable for the protection of a wide variety of risks, and is especially suited to the automatic extinguishment of fires in relatively confined spaces. Apparatus according to the invention may therefore find particular application e.g. inside letter (mail) boxes; night deposit safes; storage cabinets for papers, microfilm or other data media; paint or solvent cabinets; office machines, photo booths or other electrical equipment.
Our United Kingdom Patent Specification No. 1357010 discloses fire extinguishing apparatus comprising a sealed tube of plastics material containing a fluid fire extinguishant under pressure, the said pressure and the strength of the tube being such that in use the tube resists the pressure of the extinguishant at normal ambient temperatures but softens and bursts to release the extinguishant if heated above a specified temperature. Such apparatus (hereinafter called "apparatus of the kind specified") therefore acts as a combined fire detector and extinguisher in the sense that if the tube is heated above a specified temperature as a result of an actual or incipient fire condition the tube will automatically burst and release the stored extinguishant. In accordance with the invention disclosed in that specification, the tube is flexible substantially throughout its length so that it can, for example, be bent in situ to pass over the fire risk points, within a television cabinet or other apparatus to be protected, the tube preferably being made from nylon. In some instances, however, the flexibility of the tube can be a disadvantage in that the tube must be positively restrained by suitable mounting or positioning means to maintain its required bent shape. It has also been found that the nylon material has questionable long-term resistance to vaporisable halogenated hydrocarbon fire extinguishants such as bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF).
It is an aim of the present invention to overcome the above-noted drawbacks of the prior apparatus and accordingly the invention provides apparatus of the kind specified where the tube is made from polyvinylidenefluoride and has been preformed into a self-maintaining convoluted shape.
Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) is a rigid/semi- rigid thermoplastic which in the form of tubing can be preformed by appropriate heat treatment into a shape which it will maintain with a minimum of external restraints. It has good mechanical properties and outstanding ageing resistance, is non-flammable and self-extinguishing and, in particular, has excellent long-term chemical resistance and impermeability to bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF) and the like vaporisable halogenated hydrocarbons, which are the preferred extinguishants in apparatus according to the invention.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the PVDF tube is pre-formed into a helix. This form can be produced by simple and inexpensive winding techniques and the coiled tube can of course store a much greater quantity of extinguishant than a straight length of equivalent tubing extending between the same two end points. In another preferred embodiment likewise designed to maximise the stored extinguishant capacity, but with minimum intrusion of the apparatus into the protected space, the tube is preformed into a flat spiral. However, many other convoluted forms, e.g. serpentine, may be provided and in addition to the above-exemplified regular geometrical forms, which can be regarded as "standard" tube configurations applicable to a range of different risks, the tubes of such apparatus can, by appropriate heat treatment and manipulation, be provided in more complex and specially defined forms tailored to the form of specified risks to be protected and to the corresponding required volume of extinguishant.
Certain embodiments of apparatus in accordance with the invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figures 1a a and 1b are respectively end and side views of an apparatus based on a helically coiled tube; and
Figures 2a and 2b are respectively a plan view and a vertical section through an apparatus based on a flat spiral tube.

Referring to Figures 1a and 1b, the illustrated apparatus comprises a helix of PVDF tubing 1 sealed at each end and containing a quantity of BCF fire extinguishant. The tube 1 is shown mounted to a bracket having feet 3 by which the apparatus can be mounted to a surface in the vicinity of the risk to be protdcted-e.g. the top inside surface of a mail box. The tube 1 is attached to the bracket 2 simply by snapping its end coils into grooves 4 in the bracket, the inherent rigidity of the tube being sufficient to maintain the integrity of its preformed shape without any firmer means of fixation to the bracket. Alternatively, the bracket 2 could be dispensed with and the coiled tube simply suspended e.g. by hooks over the risk to be protected.
To form the PVDF tube into a helix it must be heated to a temperature within the approximate range 160-172°C to become workable, and can then be coiled on a simple winding mandrel. The tubing can be wound in its softened state directly as it is led off the extrusion machine by which it is made, or else a manufactured stock of tubing provided on a large diameter drum can be separately wound after being fed through a heated chamber to raise the tubing to workable temperature. The tubing is preferably wound in a continuous length and then cut into sections for filling and sealing, the total number of coils in an extinguisher of course being open to choice in accordance with the desired capacity of extinguishant. After filling with the liquid BCF, the ends of the coil are crushed flat, as indicated at 5, and sealed e.g. by heat or radio frequency welding. The extinguishant is preferably dyed a conspicuous colour-green to accord with the generally-accepted colour coding for halon extinguishers-so as to be readily visible through the translucent PVDF tube wall and hence assist in checking for serviceability.
One specific example of an apparatus in accordance with Figures, 1a and 1b comprises an approximately 2.S"m length of 8 mm outside diameter. 1 mm wall thickness PVDF tubing wound into 20 coils of 40 mm mean diameter, the overall length of the wound helix being approximately 250 mm in its relaxed condition. This tube contains 100 gm of BCF at a fill ratio of approximately 85%, giving an internal pressure of 2 bar at 15°C.
In use of this apparatus, the tube 1 is mounted so as to be exposed to the heat of any fire which may develop in the risk to be protected. As the tube is heated it begins to soften while at the same time the pressure of the vaporizing extinguishant stored in the tube increases until the tube wall can no longer withstand the pressure loading and the tube bursts with instantaneous release of the pressurised extinguishant. For the example of the apparatus given above, this occurs at a tube temperature of approximately 180°C and an extinguishant pressure of approximately 7 bar. The burst will occur at that location on the tube where the heat input from the fire is the greatest and which accordingly softens first, all points along the tube being equally temperature sensitive.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of this type of extinguisher the following test was performed with a coiled tube made and filled in accordance with the foregoing example. The tube was suspended adjacent to the top inside surface of a simulated mail box, the latter comprising a square steel cabinet with each side measuring 600 mm and having an internal volume of 0.216 m³; an opening measuring 200x500 mm was provided in the top of the cabinet and a vent slot measuring 5x550 mm was cut at the bottom edge of one side of the cabinet in order to cause a through draught. A quantity of manilla envelopes were placed in the bottom of the cabinet, sprinkled with 50 cc of N Heptane and ignited. The tube ruptured within 14 seconds from ignition of the envelopes and the released BCF extinguished the fire. Damage to the envelopes was slight and the contents of the majority would be readable.
Turning now to Figures 2a and 2b, these illustrate another form of apparatus in accordance with the invention, comprising a flat spiral of PVDF tubing 6 sealed at each end 7 and containing a quantity of BCF fire extinguishant. The tube is shown held in a mounting frame 8 having feet 9 by which the apparatus can be mounted to a surface in the vicinity of the risk to be protected- e.g. the top inside surface of a shelf or drawer compartment in a data-storage cabinet. The tube 6 is attached to the frame 7 simply by snapping its coils into grooves 10 provided in the "spokes" of the frame. The operation and performance of this embodiment is similar to that already described in relation to Figures 1a and 1b.
In some applications of fire extinguishing apparatus according to the invention it is desirable to provide electric switching means which are operated automatically when the apparatus responds to the specified temperature condition, e.g. to initiate an alarm and/or to isolate the risk from its power source in the case where the risk comprises electrical or electronic equipment. One way to achieve this function is to deposit an electrically-conductive track along the outside of the plastics tube and to monitor the integrity of this track so that breakage of the track on rupture of the tube in response to a fire acts to signal the existence of the fire condition. Preferably there would be a series of parallel tracks extending along the whole length of the tube, or a helical track extending around and along the tube, to ensure breakage of the track wherever the point at which the tube rupture occurred. Alternatively, the internal stresses which are set up in the pre-formed tube when heated could be used to provide a signal. For example, an electrical contact could be deposited upon the flattened end portion of a tube as indicated at 11 in Figure 1 b. In use this contact is clamped against fixed contacts to complete an electrical circuit. When the tube is heated in the event of a fire considerable stresses are set up in the tube as a whole-for example in the case of a coiled tube there will be a tendency to unwind-and it is arranged that the anticipated force on the end of the tube resulting from such reaction displaces the tube end from its clamped position thereby opening the associated electrical circuit and signalling the fire condition.

Claims

1. Fire extinguishing apparatus comprising a sealed tube (1, 6) of plastics material containing a fluid fire extinguishant under pressure, the said pressure and the strength of the tube (1, 6) being such that in use the tube (1,6) resists the pressure of the extinguishant at normal ambient temperatures but softens and bursts to release the extinguishant if heated above a specified temperature; characterised in that said tube (1, 6) is made from polyvinylidenefluoride and has been pre-formed into a self-maintaining convoluted shape.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the tube (1) is pre-formed into a helix.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the tube (6) is pre-formed into a flat spiral.

4. Apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein said fire extinguishant is bromochlorodifluoromethane.

5. Apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the tube (1, 6) includes means for use in providing a detectable signal when the tube is heated to a said specified temperature.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein at least one electrically-conductive track is provided along the length of the tube (1, 6) which track is adapted to be broken by the bursting of the tube (1, 6).

7. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein a portion (5) of the tube (1) bears an electrical contact (11) and said portion (5) of the tube (1) is adapted to be displaced by a change of shape of the tube (1) in response to the said specified temperature.