EP0093685B1 - Method of bending steel profiles - Google Patents

Method of bending steel profiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0093685B1
EP0093685B1 EP19830630075 EP83630075A EP0093685B1 EP 0093685 B1 EP0093685 B1 EP 0093685B1 EP 19830630075 EP19830630075 EP 19830630075 EP 83630075 A EP83630075 A EP 83630075A EP 0093685 B1 EP0093685 B1 EP 0093685B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
force
bending
web
core
wing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830630075
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0093685A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Henri Kremer
François Di Cato
Albert Hurt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arcelor Luxembourg SA
Original Assignee
Arbed SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from LU84126A external-priority patent/LU84126A1/en
Priority claimed from LU84289A external-priority patent/LU84289A1/en
Application filed by Arbed SA filed Critical Arbed SA
Publication of EP0093685A1 publication Critical patent/EP0093685A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0093685B1 publication Critical patent/EP0093685B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/06Bending rods, profiles, or tubes in press brakes or between rams and anvils or abutments; Pliers with forming dies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for bending steel beams. It has been known for a very long time that it is advantageous to produce steel beams which have a bend, with the aim of compensating for the bending of the beams under their own weight and that of the concrete slabs and of increasing their bearing force.
  • the current method used to bend beams is to arrange the beam so that one of the wings touches two fixed and spaced stops and to exert on the other wing, at a point located in the middle between said stops sufficient to achieve the desired counter-jib.
  • the beams currently used in heavy construction eg bridges
  • the pressures exerted on the wings can be 400-500 t and the counter-arrows to be made can reach 200 mm.
  • the object of the invention was to propose a bending method which eliminates the problems described. This object is achieved by the method according to the invention as characterized in the claims.
  • force 30 is applied to the wing 2 which bears against the stops 40, 41 and the energy is transmitted through the core 3 to the wing 1 as traction and it can be seen in practice that this traction succeeds in straightening out deformations possibly present before bending.
  • Fig. 4 shows the diagram of the installation according to the invention which comprises in particular two fixed stops 40, 41 which are spaced apart and two stops 10, 11 serving to impart force 30 to wing 2.
  • Force 30 is created by a press not shown.
  • the stops 10, 11 are applied to the wing 2; they have a profile such that contact with wing 1 is avoided.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 represent possible embodiments of the method; in both cases the forces created in the core 3 are only tensile forces.
  • the pressure 30 acts on the wing 1 which delimits the minimum radius of the curved profile; the same applies to the back pressure 40, 41.
  • a device must therefore be provided which has two stops 40, 41 each of which will have the form of the stops 10, 11 shown in fig. 4. It is understood that this device will be more complicated than that of FIG. 4.
  • the embodiment shown in fig. 6 provides for the pressure 30 to be exerted on the wing 2, which delimits the maximum radius of the curved profile and the back pressure 40, 41 on the wing 1, which delimits the minimum radius of the curved profile.
  • the counter-jib to be made was 175 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour le cintrage de poutrelles en acier. Il est connu depuis fort longtemps qu'il est avantageux de réaliser des poutrelles en acier qui présentent un cintrage, dans le but de compenser la flexion des poutrelles sous leur propre poids et celle des dalles en béton et d'augmenter leur force portante.The present invention relates to a method for bending steel beams. It has been known for a very long time that it is advantageous to produce steel beams which have a bend, with the aim of compensating for the bending of the beams under their own weight and that of the concrete slabs and of increasing their bearing force.

Il est également connu de réaliser des poutrelles dont l'âme présente une épaisseur inférieure à celle des ailes, ce qui permet d'éviter des constructions trop lourdes. Or, il n'est pas évident que l'on puisse cintrer des poutrelles à âme réduite en épaisseur, sans rencontrer certains problèmes de déformation de l'âme que l'on appelle flambage.It is also known to produce beams whose core has a thickness less than that of the wings, which makes it possible to avoid constructions that are too heavy. However, it is not obvious that one can bend beams with reduced core thickness, without encountering certain problems of deformation of the core which is called buckling.

La méthode courante utilisée pour cintrer des poutrelles consiste à disposer la poutrelle de manière à ce que l'une des ailes touche deux butées fixes et espacées et à exercer sur l'autre aile, en un point situé au milieu entre lesdites butées, une pression suffisante pour aboutir à la contre-flèche désirée. Pour situer les grandeurs en jeu il faut souligner que les poutrelles utilisées actuellement dans la construction lourde, p.ex. de ponts, peuvent présenter des longueurs de l'ordre de 40 m, des épaisseurs d'aile de 30-35 mm et des épaisseurs d'âme de 15-20 mm. Les pressions exercées sur les ailes peuvent être de 400-500 t et les contre-flèches à réaliser peuvent atteindre les 200 mm.The current method used to bend beams is to arrange the beam so that one of the wings touches two fixed and spaced stops and to exert on the other wing, at a point located in the middle between said stops sufficient to achieve the desired counter-jib. To locate the magnitudes at stake, it should be emphasized that the beams currently used in heavy construction, eg bridges, can have lengths of the order of 40 m, wing thicknesses of 30-35 mm and core thicknesses of 15-20 mm. The pressures exerted on the wings can be 400-500 t and the counter-arrows to be made can reach 200 mm.

On a dû constater qu'il est impossible de cintrer des poutrelles à âme réduite par rapport aux ailes, selon la méthode traditionnelle, sans déformer l'âme et on a pu se rendre compte que la déformation de l'âme a lieu dans la zone de l'âme qui attouche l'aile sur laquelle agit la pression directe. Ceci indique que l'âme n'est pas capable de transmettre l'effort exercé sur une aile à l'autre aile, sans qu'il y ait flambage, si bien qu'il existe un rapport minimum épaisseur d'âme/épaisseur d'aile qu'il faut respecter en vue de pouvoir réaliser des cintrages sans risque de flambage. On peut également formuler une contrainte dans ce sens qu'il existe une contreflèche maximum réalisable pour un rapport épaisseur d'âme/épais- seur d'aile donné, sans qu'il y ait risque de flambage de l'âme.We had to note that it is impossible to bend beams with reduced core compared to the wings, according to the traditional method, without deforming the core and we have been able to realize that the deformation of the core takes place in the area of the soul which touches the wing on which the direct pressure acts. This indicates that the core is not capable of transmitting the force exerted on one wing to the other wing, without buckling, so that there is a minimum core thickness / thickness ratio d wing which must be respected in order to be able to carry out bends without risk of buckling. One can also formulate a constraint in the sense that there is a maximum achievable jib for a given web thickness / wing thickness ratio, without there being any risk of the web buckling.

D'après le brevet US-A-1 890 949 il est connu d'appliquer les forces de déformation uniquement sur l'une des ailes d'un profilé à l'aide d'une presse plieuse. Un poinçon à plier, qui présente la courbure requise du profilé, attaque la face externe de l'aile alors que sur la face interne sont appliquées deux mâchoires présentant vis-à-vis du poinçon cette même courbure ; ces mâchoires serrent également l'âme pour limiter les risques de flambement.According to US-A-1 890 949 it is known to apply the deformation forces only on one of the wings of a profile using a press brake. A punch to bend, which has the required curvature of the profile, attacks the outer face of the wing while on the inner face are applied two jaws having opposite the punch this same curvature; these jaws also tighten the core to limit the risk of buckling.

Le but de l'invention était de proposer un procédé de cintrage qui élimine les problèmes décrits. Ce but est atteint par le procédé suivant l'invention tel que caractérisé dans les revendications.The object of the invention was to propose a bending method which eliminates the problems described. This object is achieved by the method according to the invention as characterized in the claims.

En mettant en oeuvre le procédé suivant l'invention, on constate que non seulement toute déformation de l'âme est évitée, mais qu'en plus l'opération de cintrage parvient à éliminer des déformations qui existaient avant celle-ci. Ainsi on se trouve en présence d'un procédé qui, à côté de conduire à l'effet escompté, amène en plus des avantages inattendus. En effet le procédé nouveau permet également de réduire considérablement le temps de travail réel vis-à-vis de la méthode traditionnelle, étant donné que le cintrage s'effectue d'une manière plus spontanée dans ce sens que les forces qui sont imparties au profilé sont reprises par celui-ci. Le cintrage prend forme rapidement, sans que l'on soit obligé à recourir aux précautions habituelles comme p. ex. un grand nombre de passes qu'il fallait effectuer en mettant en oeuvre des forces relativement faibles, justement pour éviter le flambage.By implementing the method according to the invention, it is found that not only any deformation of the core is avoided, but that in addition the bending operation succeeds in eliminating deformations which existed before it. Thus we find ourselves in the presence of a process which, apart from leading to the expected effect, brings in addition unexpected advantages. Indeed, the new process also makes it possible to considerably reduce the real working time compared to the traditional method, since the bending is carried out in a more spontaneous manner in this direction than the forces which are imparted to the profile. are taken up by it. Bending takes shape quickly, without having to resort to the usual precautions such as p. ex. a large number of passes which had to be carried out using relatively low forces, precisely to avoid buckling.

Une illustration du nouveau procédé et de l'installation pour sa mise en oeuvre est fournie par la voie des dessins schématisés où

  • -la figure 1 représente une vue en plan de la poutrelle en voie de cintrage suivant la méthode classique, tandis que
  • -la figure 2 montre la même poutrelle soumise à un cintrage effectué suivant la forme préférée du procédé selon l'invention ;
  • -la figure 3 montre une vue schématisée transversale d'une poutrelle soumise à un cintrage classique ;
  • -la figure 4 représente de manière non-limitative une coupe à travers une forme d'exécution possible de l'installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'invention, tandis que
  • -les figures 5 et 6 montrent la poutrelle des figures 1 resp. 2, en voie de cintrage suivant d'autres formes d'exécution possibles du procédé suivant l'invention.
An illustration of the new process and the installation for its implementation is provided by way of schematic drawings where
  • FIG. 1 represents a plan view of the beam in the process of bending according to the conventional method, while
  • FIG. 2 shows the same beam subjected to bending carried out according to the preferred form of the method according to the invention;
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic transverse view of a beam subjected to conventional bending;
  • FIG. 4 represents, in a nonlimiting manner, a section through a possible embodiment of the installation for implementing the method according to the invention, while
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show the beam of FIGS. 1 resp. 2, in the process of bending according to other possible embodiments of the method according to the invention.

En considérant les fig. 1 et 2 on se rend compte que l'idée qui est à la base de l'invention consiste à éliminer les efforts de compression qui sont exercés sur l'âme 3 selon la technique connue. Tandis que la force 30 exercée sur l'aile 1 doit se transmettre à l'aile 2 en sollicitant l'âme 3 en compression, il en est autrement lorsque la force 30 est appliquée à l'aile 2. Dans ce cas les forces à transmettre à travers l'âme sont des forces de traction qui non seulement ne déforment pas l'âme, mais réussissent même à redresser des déformations éventuelles, déjà existantes et qui étaient survenues lors du laminage.Considering figs. 1 and 2 we realize that the idea which is the basis of the invention consists in eliminating the compression forces which are exerted on the core 3 according to the known technique. While the force 30 exerted on the wing 1 must be transmitted to the wing 2 by biasing the core 3 in compression, it is otherwise when the force 30 is applied to the wing 2. In this case the forces at transmitting through the core are tensile forces which not only do not deform the core, but even succeed in straightening possible deformations, already existing and which had occurred during rolling.

Comme le montre la fig. 3, il existe dans l'âme d'une poutrelle soumise à un cintrage classique, une zone X qui est particulièrement sensible à la déformation. Cette zone qui est située à proximité immédiate de l'aile 1, se déforme lorsque l'épaisseur de l'âme n'est pas suffisante. Une fois amorcée, cette déformation s'accentue, étant donné que toute énergie supplémentaire introduite par la force 30 est absorbée dans la zone X.As shown in fig. 3, there exists in the core of a beam subjected to conventional bending, an area X which is particularly sensitive to deformation. This zone which is located in the immediate vicinity of the wing 1, deforms when the thickness of the core is not sufficient. Once initiated, this deformation increases, since any additional energy introduced by the force 30 is absorbed in the zone X.

Par contre, en procédant suivant l'invention, comme illustré en fig. 2 la force 30 est appliquée à l'aile 2 qui s'appuie contre les butées 40, 41 et l'énergie est transmise à travers l'âme 3 vers l'aile 1 en tant que traction et on peut constater dans la pratique que cette traction arrive à redresser des déformations éventuellement présentes avant le cintrage.On the other hand, by proceeding according to the invention, as illustrated in FIG. 2 force 30 is applied to the wing 2 which bears against the stops 40, 41 and the energy is transmitted through the core 3 to the wing 1 as traction and it can be seen in practice that this traction succeeds in straightening out deformations possibly present before bending.

La fig. 4 montre le schéma de l'installation suivant l'invention qui comprend notamment deux butées fixes 40, 41 qui sont espacées et deux butoirs 10,11 servant à impartir la force 30 à l'aile 2. La force 30 est créée par une presse non représentée. Les butoirs 10, 11 sont appliqués sur l'aile 2 ; ils ont un profil tel que tout contact avec l'aile 1 est évité.Fig. 4 shows the diagram of the installation according to the invention which comprises in particular two fixed stops 40, 41 which are spaced apart and two stops 10, 11 serving to impart force 30 to wing 2. Force 30 is created by a press not shown. The stops 10, 11 are applied to the wing 2; they have a profile such that contact with wing 1 is avoided.

Les fig. 5 et 6 représentent des formes d'exécution possibles du procédé ; dans les 2 cas les forces créées dans l'âme 3 sont uniquement des forces de traction. En fig. 5 la pression 30 agit sur l'aile 1 qui délimite le rayon minimum du profilé cintré ; il en est de même pour la contre-pression 40, 41. En cas de mise en oeuvre de cette forme d'exécution, il faut donc prévoir un dispositif qui présente deux butées 40,41 dont chacune aura la forme des butoirs 10, 11 représentés en fig. 4. Il est bien entendu que ce dispositif sera plus compliqué que celui de la fig. 4.Figs. 5 and 6 represent possible embodiments of the method; in both cases the forces created in the core 3 are only tensile forces. In fig. 5 the pressure 30 acts on the wing 1 which delimits the minimum radius of the curved profile; the same applies to the back pressure 40, 41. If this embodiment is used, a device must therefore be provided which has two stops 40, 41 each of which will have the form of the stops 10, 11 shown in fig. 4. It is understood that this device will be more complicated than that of FIG. 4.

Le mode d'exécution représenté en fig. 6 prévoit que l'on exerce la pression 30 sur l'aile 2, qui délimite le rayon maximum du profilé cintré et la contre-pression 40, 41 sur l'aile 1, qui délimite le rayon minimum du profilé cintré. Dans ce cas précis il faut donc prévoir un butoir et deux butées exécutés comme représenté en fig. 4. Il faut donc 3 ensembles 10, 11 suivant la fig. 4.The embodiment shown in fig. 6 provides for the pressure 30 to be exerted on the wing 2, which delimits the maximum radius of the curved profile and the back pressure 40, 41 on the wing 1, which delimits the minimum radius of the curved profile. In this specific case it is therefore necessary to provide a stopper and two stops executed as shown in fig. 4. 3 sets 10, 11 are therefore required according to FIG. 4.

L'exemple spécifique décrit ci-après illustrera la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'invention et les avantages qui en découlent.The specific example described below will illustrate the implementation of the method according to the invention and the advantages which result therefrom.

Cintrage d'une poutrelle à ailes parallèles, exécuté suivant la forme représentée en fig. 2.

Figure imgb0001
Bending of a beam with parallel wings, executed according to the shape shown in fig. 2.
Figure imgb0001

La contre-flèche à réaliser était de 175 mm.The counter-jib to be made was 175 mm.

Il a suffi de 3 passes successives ; les points d'attaque étaient espacés d'environ 0,5 m. La force appliquée était de 450 t en chaque point. L'espacement entre les butées fixes était de 5 m. La pression exercée sur les plateaux de serrage était de 30 bars.3 successive passes were sufficient; the attack points were spaced about 0.5 m apart. The applied force was 450 t at each point. The spacing between the fixed stops was 5 m. The pressure exerted on the clamping plates was 30 bars.

Il y a lieu de relever qu'il s'est avéré impossible d'effectuer le même travail suivant la méthode classique, étant donné que l'âme se déforma avant que la contre-flèche n'ait atteint les 50 mm, donc moins que le tiers de la valeur désirée, et ceci en dépit du fait que l'on avait poussé la pression de serrage de l'âme au-delà de 150 bars.It should be noted that it proved impossible to perform the same work according to the conventional method, since the core deformed before the counter-jib reached 50 mm, therefore less than a third of the desired value, despite the fact that the clamping pressure of the core had been pushed beyond 150 bars.

Claims (4)

1. Method of bending steel beams in order to obtain a camber, wherein a bending force and a reaction force, acting in a direction which is parallel to the web and transverse to the flanges are implemented, characterized in that by using fixed bearings located on both sides of mobile press heads moving transversally to the beam, the force and the reaction force are only applied to the flange which defines the outer radius of the beam and that the web is kept bare of any gripping force (Fig. 2).
2. Method of bending steel beams in order to obtain a camber, wherein a bending force and a reaction force, acting in a direction which is parallel to the web and transverse to the flanges are implemented, characterized in that by using fixed bearings located on both sides of mobile press heads moving transversally to the beam, the force and the reaction force are only applied to the flange which defines the inner radius of the beam and that the web is kept bare of any gripping force (Fig. 5).
3. Method of bending steel beams in order to obtain a camber, wherein a bending force and a reaction force, acting in a direction which is parallel to the web and transverse to the flanges are implemented, characterized in that, by using fixed bearings located on both sides of mobile press heads moving transversally to the beam, the force is applied on the flange which defines the outer radius of the beam and the reaction force on the flange which defines the inner radius of the beam and that the web is kept bare of any gripping force (Fig. 6).
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that there are used two fixed bearings spaced at a 5 m interval.
EP19830630075 1982-05-04 1983-04-29 Method of bending steel profiles Expired EP0093685B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU84126A LU84126A1 (en) 1982-05-04 1982-05-04 PROCESS FOR BENDING STEEL PROFILES
LU84126 1982-05-04
LU84289 1982-07-23
LU84289A LU84289A1 (en) 1982-07-23 1982-07-23 PROCESS FOR BENDING STEEL PROFILES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0093685A1 EP0093685A1 (en) 1983-11-09
EP0093685B1 true EP0093685B1 (en) 1986-09-10

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2492015C1 (en) * 2011-12-28 2013-09-10 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли РФ (МИНПРОМТОРГ РОССИИ) Method of making frames

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1335539U (en) *
US1351472A (en) * 1919-09-12 1920-08-31 James E Conway Bending-machine
US1890949A (en) * 1931-05-07 1932-12-13 Commercial Shearing Method and apparatus for bending
DE920703C (en) * 1944-03-18 1954-11-29 Dortmunder Union Brueckenbau A Device for cold bending flat structural parts, in particular bead iron
US3017915A (en) * 1956-04-30 1962-01-23 Bethlehem Steel Corp Beam bending machine

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EP0093685A1 (en) 1983-11-09

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