EP0093070A1 - Sealing system for electrodes - Google Patents
Sealing system for electrodes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0093070A1 EP0093070A1 EP83630066A EP83630066A EP0093070A1 EP 0093070 A1 EP0093070 A1 EP 0093070A1 EP 83630066 A EP83630066 A EP 83630066A EP 83630066 A EP83630066 A EP 83630066A EP 0093070 A1 EP0093070 A1 EP 0093070A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- sealing system
- furnace
- stuffing
- seal ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/02—Details
- H05B7/12—Arrangements for cooling, sealing or protecting electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sealing system for electrodes, in particular on an electric furnace with graphite electrodes working under a controlled atmosphere.
- a furnace operating in a controlled atmosphere is preferably constructed so as to have a single gas exhaust duct in which an adjustable shutter device is normally installed, eg a valve or a butterfly valve which allows the adjustment of the pressure, independently of the gas insufflation flow rate in the furnace and the evolution of gas from the molten materials.
- the normally adopted solution provides an etano bell which covers the electrodes with their suspension, drive and power supply systems and makes it difficult to use a classic electrode holder.
- the object of the present invention is to eliminate this disadvantage, and to propose a sealing system which makes the oven watertight at the place where the electrodes penetrate the furnace and which is capable of adapting to electrodes produced with high tolerances and having pronounced irregularities.
- the system according to the invention which comprises, at the point of penetration of the electrode into the oven, a stuffing, resistant to high temperatures, preferably based on carbon fibers or graphite, tightened by a press.
- a stuffing resistant to high temperatures, preferably based on carbon fibers or graphite, tightened by a press.
- -throat surrounding the eléotrode, a chamber, maintained at a pressure higher than that of the external atmosphere of the furnace, surrounding the electrode and located between said packing and the interior volume of the furnace, and a cooling device surrounding at least in part said chamber, the electrode and the stuffing.
- the major advantage of the solution proposed by the present invention lies in the fact that the electrodes can be replaced quickly when hot without risking damage to the mechanical elements of the electrode drive system.
- the spacing between these elements and the electrode may correspond to a distance representing several times the diameter of an electrode.
- the production downtime of the oven is minimal since the electrodes can be removed without having to wait for them to cool and with the minimum of maneuvers necessary to free the electrode from its claw and the seal where it enters the oven.
- an electrode 1 at the point of penetration into the oven.
- the tightness of the oven at this location is obtained by mounting an adequate packing 2 which is maintained by a stuffing box ar elements 3, 4 and 5.
- the stuffing 2 is constituted in the case resent by two carbon fiber rings with offset joints.
- the cable gland is wired using the bolts 6. Part 5 of the cable gland is seated in a cooling ring 7. The seal between these two elements is guaranteed by one or two anointed 0 indicated on the fig. 1 with reference 8.
- Cooling panel 7 is itself mounted on an insulating ring 11. It is held by the bolts 12, themselves electrically insulated using the insulating rings 13. These bolts 12 attach all of the rings of the electrode to the plate 14, preferably of steel, which constitutes the wall of separation between the furnace atmosphere and the open air. The seal between the last rings described is also achieved using 0 seals identified by the reference 15. The metal plate 14 is itself protected against the heat of the oven, preferably by a mat of ceramic fibers 16.
- a metal ring in 4 parts 17, is mounted below the elements 3, 4 and 5 constituting the cable gland. It will serve to maintain a minimum seal between the space 18 and the interior of the oven.
- the space 18 will have the function of an airlock which will preferably be kept under pressure by the injection of an inert gas (such as nitrogen), - through the orifice 19 in the case of fig.l.
- This sheath 20 will preferably be cylindrical and concentric with the electrode. In the present case, it consists of two concentric cylindrical sleeves between which passes a spiral which serves to guide the cooling water supplied by line 21 and discharged through line 22.
- a third ring 23 around the electrode 1 protects the upper rings against radiation from inside the oven.
- This ring 23 consists of several segments 24, six in this case, which pivot about axes 25 to which they are suspended. The center of gravity of each segment will be further from the axis of the electrode than its tilting axis so that it is pushed towards the electrode by its own weight.
- This solution has the advantage of allowing these segments to best match the shape of the electrode without preventing a slight misalignment thereof.
- an electrode mounted slightly oblique to its theoretical axis 26, does not come into contact with parts of the furnace which are not intended to guide it and keep it in position, it is advantageous to provide cleats 27 which limit the tilting angle of the segments 24.
- the electrode is held, on the one hand, by the electrode-carrying arm and, on the other hand, by the ring 23, such as the angle between the effective axis and the theoretical axis of the elentrode may not exceed a determined maximum value.
- the rings 3, 4 and 5 constituting the cable gland are each split into two equal halves in the direction of the axis of the electrode. They will however be mounted so that the axis of the cut is moved from one ring to the other, which means that the cable gland assembled with the bolts 6 forms a practically rigid whole.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un système.d'étoupage pour électrodes, notamment sur four électrique à électrodes en graphite travaillant sous atmosphère contrôlée. Un four opérant sous atmosphère contrôlée est construit de préférence de façon a présenter un unique conduit d'échappement des gaz dans lequel on installe normalement un dispositif d'obturation réglable, p.ex. un clapet ou une vanne-papillon qui permet le réglage de la pression, indépendamment du débit d'insufflation de gaz dans le four et du dégagement de gaz des matières en fusion.The present invention relates to a sealing system for electrodes, in particular on an electric furnace with graphite electrodes working under a controlled atmosphere. A furnace operating in a controlled atmosphere is preferably constructed so as to have a single gas exhaust duct in which an adjustable shutter device is normally installed, eg a valve or a butterfly valve which allows the adjustment of the pressure, independently of the gas insufflation flow rate in the furnace and the evolution of gas from the molten materials.
Pour rendre étanche un tel four en dehors de la conduite d'échappement des gaz la solution adoptée normalement prévoit une cloche étanohe qui couvre les électrodes aven leurs systèmes de suspension, d'entraînement et d'alimentation électrique et rendant difficile l'utilisation d'un porte électrodes classique.To seal such an oven outside the gas exhaust pipe, the normally adopted solution provides an etano bell which covers the electrodes with their suspension, drive and power supply systems and makes it difficult to use a classic electrode holder.
Cette solution a l'avantage de permettre l'utilisation de joints- toriques. Le désavantage est cependant que le système de suspension et d'entraînement de l'éleotrode doit être construit de façon très compacte pour limiter les dimensions de la oloohe. De ne fait les éléments fragiles du système de suspension des électrodes et de leur alimentation électrique doivent être placés à proximité des électrodes et ne peuvent être protégés efficacement contre la chaleur dégagée par celles-ci.This solution has the advantage of allowing the use of O-rings. The disadvantage, however, is that the suspension and drive system of the elotrode must be constructed in a very compact manner to limit the dimensions of the oloohe. In fact, the fragile elements of the suspension system of the electrodes and their electrical supply must be placed near the electrodes and cannot be effectively protected against the heat given off by them.
La présente invention a pour but d'éliminer ce désavantage, et de proposer un système d'étoupage qui rend le four étanche à l'endroit où les électrodes pénètrent dans le four et qui est capable de s'adapter à des électrodes réalisées avec des toléranoes élevées et possédant des irrégularités prononcées.The object of the present invention is to eliminate this disadvantage, and to propose a sealing system which makes the oven watertight at the place where the electrodes penetrate the furnace and which is capable of adapting to electrodes produced with high tolerances and having pronounced irregularities.
Ce but est atteint grâce au système selon l'invention qui comporte à l'endroit de pénétration de l'électrode dans le four un bourrage, résistant aux hautes températures, de préférence à base de fibres de carbone ou de graphite, serré par un presse-étoupe entourant l'éleotrode, une chambre, maintenue à une pression supérieure à celle de l'atmosphère extérieure du four, entourant l'électrode et située entre ledit bourrage et le volume intérieur du four, et un dispositif de refroidissement entourant au moins en partie ladite chambre, l'électrode et le bourrage.This object is achieved thanks to the system according to the invention which comprises, at the point of penetration of the electrode into the oven, a stuffing, resistant to high temperatures, preferably based on carbon fibers or graphite, tightened by a press. -throat surrounding the eléotrode, a chamber, maintained at a pressure higher than that of the external atmosphere of the furnace, surrounding the electrode and located between said packing and the interior volume of the furnace, and a cooling device surrounding at least in part said chamber, the electrode and the stuffing.
L'avantage majeur de la solution proposée par la présente invention réside dans le fait que les électrodes peuvent être remplacées rapidement à chaud sans risquer d'endommager les éléments mécaniques du système d'entraînement des électrodes. L'écartement entre ces éléments et l'électrode pourra correspondre à une distance représentant plusieurs fois le diamètre d'une électrode.The major advantage of the solution proposed by the present invention lies in the fact that the electrodes can be replaced quickly when hot without risking damage to the mechanical elements of the electrode drive system. The spacing between these elements and the electrode may correspond to a distance representing several times the diameter of an electrode.
On orée en outre la possibilité de maintenir les électrodes par des bras porte-électrodes de construction classique, ce qui est pratiquement impossible dans les systèmes connus.The possibility of holding the electrodes by means of electrode arms of conventional construction is also provided, which is practically impossible in known systems.
Lors d'un changement d'électrodes le temps d'arrêt de production du four est minimal puisque les électrodes peuvent être retirées sans devoir attendre qu'elles refroidissent et avec un minimum de manoeuvres nécessaires pour libérer l'électrode de sa griffe et du joint à l'endroit de pénétration dans le four.When changing the electrodes the production downtime of the oven is minimal since the electrodes can be removed without having to wait for them to cool and with the minimum of maneuvers necessary to free the electrode from its claw and the seal where it enters the oven.
L'invention sera décrite en détail à l'aide de la fig.l qui montre une des exécutions possibles.The invention will be described in detail using fig.l which shows one of the possible embodiments.
Il y est représenté une électrode 1 à l'endroit de pénétration dans le four. L'étanchéité du four à cet endroit est obtenue par le montage d'un bourrage adéquat 2 qui est maintenu par un presse-étoupe constitué ar les éléments 3, 4 et 5.Le bourrage 2 est constitué dans le cas résent par deux anneaux en fibres de carbone à joints décalés. Le errage du presse-étoupe se fait à l'aide des boulons 6. La partie 5 u presse-étoupe est assise dans un anneau de refroidissement 7. 'étanchéité entre ces deux éléments est garantie par un ou deux oints en 0 indiqués sur la fig.1 par la référence 8.There is shown an electrode 1 at the point of penetration into the oven. The tightness of the oven at this location is obtained by mounting an adequate packing 2 which is maintained by a stuffing box ar
de presse-étoupe est fixé à l'anneau de refroidissement 7 à l'aide le clavettes 9 passant par les axes de support 10.cable gland is fixed to the cooling ring 7 using the
Panneau de refroidissement 7 est lui-même monté sur un anneau 11 isolant. Il est maintenu par les boulons 12, isolés eux-mêmes électriquement à l'aide des bagues isolantes 13. Ces boulons 12 attachent l'ensemble des anneaux de l'électrode à la plaque 14, en acier de préférence, qui constitue la paroi de séparation entre l'atmosphère du four et l'air libre. L'étanchéité entre les derniers anneaux décrits est également réalisée à l'aide de joints en 0 repérés par la référence 15. La plaque métallique 14 est elle-même protégée contre la chaleur du four, de préférence par une matte en fibres céramiques 16.Cooling panel 7 is itself mounted on an insulating ring 11. It is held by the bolts 12, themselves electrically insulated using the insulating
Selon une version préférée de l'invention un anneau métallique en 4 parties 17, est monté en dessous des éléments 3, 4 et 5 constituant le presse-étoupe. Il servira à maintenir une étanchéité minimale entre l'espace 18 et l'intérieur du four. L'espace 18 aura dons la fonction d'un sas qui sera de préférence maintenu sous pression par l'injection d'un gaz inerte (comme l'azote),-par l'orifice 19 dans le cas de la fig.l.According to a preferred version of the invention a metal ring in 4
Ainsi, même dans le cas où le bourrage ne constituait pas un joint parfaitement étanche, le danger de pénétration d'air dans le four est pratiquement exclu tant que la pression du sas est supérieure à celle de l'atmosphère extérieure du four. Le gaz neutre en contact avec le bourrage en carbone élimine toute oxydation de celui-ci en présence d'une électrode surchauffée.Thus, even in the case where the stuffing did not constitute a perfectly tight seal, the danger of air penetration into the oven is practically excluded as long as the airlock pressure is higher than that of the outside atmosphere of the oven. The neutral gas in contact with the carbon stuffing eliminates any oxidation thereof in the presence of an overheated electrode.
Pour limiter la température de l'éleotrode au niveau du presse-étoupe il est préférable' d'installer une gaine refroidie autour de l'éleotrode. Cette gaine 20 sera de préférenoe cylindrique et concentrique à l'électrode. Dans le cas présent elle est constituée par deux manchons cylindriques concentriques entre lesquels passe une spirale qui sert à guider l'eau de refroidissement amenée par la conduite 21 et évacuée par la conduite 22.To limit the temperature of the elotrode at the level of the cable gland, it is preferable to install a cooled sheath around the elotrode. This
Dans une version préférée de la présente invention, un troisième anneau 23 autour de l'électrode 1 protège les anneaux supérieurs oon- tre le rayonnement provenant de l'intérieur du four. Cet anneau 23 est constitué de plusieurs segments 24, six dans le cas présent, qui pivotent autour d'axes 25 auxquels ils sont suspendus. Le centre de gravité de chaque segment sera plus éloigné de l'axe de l'éleotrode que son axe de basculement pour qu'il soit poussé vers l'électrode par son propre poids.In a preferred version of the present invention, a
Cette solution présente l'avantage de permettre à ces segments d'épouser au mieux la forme de l'électrode sans interdire un léger désalignement de celle-ci.This solution has the advantage of allowing these segments to best match the shape of the electrode without preventing a slight misalignment thereof.
Pour empêcher cependant qu'une électrode, montée légèrement en oblique par rapport à son axe théorique 26, n'entre en contact avec des parties du four qui ne sont pas destinées à la guider et à la maintenir en position, on a avantage à prévoir des taquets 27 qui limitent l'angle de basculement des segments 24. Ainsi l'électrode est maintenue, d'une part, par le bras porte-électrode et, d'autre part, par l'anneau 23, tel que l'angle entre l'axe effectif et l'axe théorique de l'élentrode ne pourra dépasser une valeur maximum déterminée.To prevent, however, that an electrode, mounted slightly oblique to its
Ceci est surtout important dans le cas où le four est pivotable, c.à.d. quand l'axe théorique de l'électrode n'est pas toujours vertical.This is especially important in the case where the oven is rotatable, i.e. when the theoretical axis of the electrode is not always vertical.
Avec, en haut, un bras porte-électrode bien guidé et en bas, l'anneau 23 on arrivera en effet à limiter le mouvement latéral de l'électrode à l'intérieur du bourrage, ceci en vue de garantir l'efficacité de celui-ci et afin de réduire son usure suite au mouvement vertical de l'électrode.With, at the top, a well-guided electrode holder arm and at the bottom, the
Selon une version préférée de l'invention, les anneaux 3, 4 et 5 constituant le presse-étoupe sont chacun scindés en deux moitiés égales dans le sens de l'axe de l'électrode. Ils seront cependant montés de sorte à ce que l'axe de la découpe soit déplacé d'un anneau à l'autre ce qui fait que le presse-étoupe assemblé à l'aide des boulons 6 forme un tout pratiquement rigide.According to a preferred version of the invention, the
En adoptant ce type de presse-étoupe il est possible de détacher tous ses éléments 2, 3, 4 et 5 de l'électrode usée sans devoir les faire glisser le long de l'électrode pour les ôter ce qui présente un sérieux avantage dans la pratique.By adopting this type of cable gland it is possible to detach all of its
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83630066T ATE34501T1 (en) | 1982-04-22 | 1983-04-18 | SEALING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRODES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
LU84104 | 1982-04-22 | ||
LU84104A LU84104A1 (en) | 1982-04-22 | 1982-04-22 | SEALING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRODES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0093070A1 true EP0093070A1 (en) | 1983-11-02 |
EP0093070B1 EP0093070B1 (en) | 1988-05-18 |
Family
ID=19729867
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83630066A Expired EP0093070B1 (en) | 1982-04-22 | 1983-04-18 | Sealing system for electrodes |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4457002A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0093070B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS58188092A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE34501T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1231997A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3376731D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK76583A (en) |
FI (1) | FI76473C (en) |
LU (1) | LU84104A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO159317C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2324595A (en) * | 1997-04-22 | 1998-10-28 | Howard Ind Pipework Services L | Mounting electrodes in electric arc furnaces |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4756813A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-07-12 | Stanley Earl K | Self-baking electrode |
US4759032A (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1988-07-19 | Monsanto Company | Electrode seal assembly |
FR2658277B1 (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1992-04-30 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | METALLURGICAL CONTAINER HAVING AT LEAST ONE ELECTRODE THROUGH ITS WALL. |
US5225169A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1993-07-06 | Coastal Catalyst Technology, Inc. | Reduced heat loss sulfider |
DE4342511C2 (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1996-02-08 | Mannesmann Ag | Electric induction furnace with vertically movable frame |
US5406580A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-04-11 | Hatch Associates Ltd. | Electrode seal for arc furnaces |
US6003879A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-12-21 | Stelco Inc. | Seal for steel furnace emissions |
US6018542A (en) * | 1999-01-06 | 2000-01-25 | Integrated Environmental Technologies, Llc | Sealed electrode feeding assembly |
US6377605B1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-04-23 | Hatch Associates Ltd. | Electrode seal for arc furnace |
FI118439B (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2007-11-15 | Outotec Oyj | Electrical insulation of an arc furnace lid |
FI123373B (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2013-03-15 | Outotec Oyj | sealing device |
US8613782B2 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2013-12-24 | Inentec Inc. | Regenerator for syngas cleanup and energy recovery in gasifier systems |
FI122225B (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-10-14 | Outotec Oyj | SEALING DEVICE |
JP6813817B2 (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2021-01-13 | ヴェオリア ニュークリア ソリューションズ インコーポレイテッドVeolia Nuclear Solutions Inc. | Systems and methods for electrode seal assemblies |
CN111578719B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2024-05-14 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Sealing device for electric furnace electrode |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1096626A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | 1967-12-29 | United Coke & Chemicals Compan | Dust seals for arc furnaces |
US3634588A (en) * | 1970-05-28 | 1972-01-11 | Toledo Engineering Co Inc | Electric glass furnace |
US3697660A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1972-10-10 | Jury Fedorovich Frolov | Device for sealing gap between electrode and lining of electric arc furnace |
DE2125773A1 (en) * | 1971-05-25 | 1972-12-07 | Demag Ag | Device for cooling components of open electric arc and reduction furnaces |
US3709506A (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1973-01-09 | Quebec Iron & Titanium Corp | Furnace electrode seal |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA463414A (en) * | 1950-02-28 | Delaware Engineering Corporation | Electrode gland | |
US2243096A (en) * | 1939-06-29 | 1941-05-27 | Stanford A Hardin | Electrode seal |
US2979550A (en) * | 1959-03-13 | 1961-04-11 | Tennessee Products And Chemica | Electrode seal |
US4377289A (en) * | 1980-04-22 | 1983-03-22 | Qit-Fer Et Titane Inc. | Furnace electrode seal assembly |
-
1982
- 1982-04-22 LU LU84104A patent/LU84104A1/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-01-28 CA CA000420528A patent/CA1231997A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-08 FI FI830435A patent/FI76473C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-02-22 DK DK76583A patent/DK76583A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-04-13 JP JP58063836A patent/JPS58188092A/en active Pending
- 1983-04-18 AT AT83630066T patent/ATE34501T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-04-18 DE DE8383630066T patent/DE3376731D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-18 EP EP83630066A patent/EP0093070B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-20 US US06/486,842 patent/US4457002A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-04-21 NO NO831416A patent/NO159317C/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1096626A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | 1967-12-29 | United Coke & Chemicals Compan | Dust seals for arc furnaces |
US3697660A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1972-10-10 | Jury Fedorovich Frolov | Device for sealing gap between electrode and lining of electric arc furnace |
US3634588A (en) * | 1970-05-28 | 1972-01-11 | Toledo Engineering Co Inc | Electric glass furnace |
US3709506A (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1973-01-09 | Quebec Iron & Titanium Corp | Furnace electrode seal |
DE2125773A1 (en) * | 1971-05-25 | 1972-12-07 | Demag Ag | Device for cooling components of open electric arc and reduction furnaces |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2324595A (en) * | 1997-04-22 | 1998-10-28 | Howard Ind Pipework Services L | Mounting electrodes in electric arc furnaces |
GB2324595B (en) * | 1997-04-22 | 1999-03-10 | Howard Ind Pipework Services L | Economiser for electric arc furnace |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4457002A (en) | 1984-06-26 |
ATE34501T1 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
NO159317C (en) | 1988-12-14 |
DK76583D0 (en) | 1983-02-22 |
FI830435L (en) | 1983-10-23 |
FI76473B (en) | 1988-06-30 |
JPS58188092A (en) | 1983-11-02 |
DK76583A (en) | 1983-10-23 |
NO159317B (en) | 1988-09-05 |
CA1231997A (en) | 1988-01-26 |
FI830435A0 (en) | 1983-02-08 |
EP0093070B1 (en) | 1988-05-18 |
NO831416L (en) | 1983-10-24 |
LU84104A1 (en) | 1984-03-02 |
FI76473C (en) | 1988-10-10 |
DE3376731D1 (en) | 1988-06-23 |
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