EP0091873B1 - Method for reinforcing by means of small plates at least end rows of tubes engaged into tube plates for constituting a heat exchanger, and such a heat exchanger - Google Patents

Method for reinforcing by means of small plates at least end rows of tubes engaged into tube plates for constituting a heat exchanger, and such a heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0091873B1
EP0091873B1 EP83400714A EP83400714A EP0091873B1 EP 0091873 B1 EP0091873 B1 EP 0091873B1 EP 83400714 A EP83400714 A EP 83400714A EP 83400714 A EP83400714 A EP 83400714A EP 0091873 B1 EP0091873 B1 EP 0091873B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
plate
tube end
tube
parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83400714A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0091873A1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Pilliez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chausson Usines SA
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Chausson Usines SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Chausson Usines SA filed Critical Chausson Usines SA
Publication of EP0091873A1 publication Critical patent/EP0091873A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F28F9/185—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding with additional preformed parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F28F9/182—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding the heat-exchange conduits having ends with a particular shape, e.g. deformed; the heat-exchange conduits or end plates having supplementary joining means, e.g. abutments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/08—Reinforcing means for header boxes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49373—Tube joint and tube plate structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49393—Heat exchanger or boiler making with metallurgical bonding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heat exchangers and more particularly heat exchangers used as coolers, for example as cooling radiators of a heat engine.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the exchangers used on heavy goods vehicles whose end tubes are subjected to significant stresses both thermal and mechanical, which requires strengthening the connection tubes-collector plates.
  • DE-C-703 758 describes a corrugated header plate whose tube passages have bevelled parts and a heel resting on a development of the tubes engaged in the tube passages.
  • the corrugated part of the collector plate forms retained by the solder which also extends between each opening and the underside of the collector plate.
  • the arrangement recommended by the previous publication requires a precise shaping of the collector plate and the realization of a development on each tube, which constitutes an operation which can be carried out essentially with tubes of circular section.
  • the invention simplifies the known embodiments by taking advantage of a drawback presented by the collector plates in which the tube passages are formed by cutting and bending the collars.
  • the method for reinforcing by means of plates at least rows of tube ends, engaged in header plates to form a heat exchanger in which the tube passages of the header plate are made by punching of the collector plate to delimit bevelled parts is characterized in that, in a manner known per se, cambered collars so that the bevelled part is located at the upper end of the collets, in that the bottom of the parts of the collector plate separating two passages of successive tubes so that it is curved, in that the curved parts are applied against a flat plate pierced with lights corresponding to the tubes, this plate being placed on the tubes before the collector plate and in that the assembly is brazed after fluxing, the spaces delimited between the convex parts of the collector and planes of the plate forming circulating circuits ca pills for soldering causing elimination of the flux.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan seen from above of a collector plate of a heat exchanger with circulation tubes comprising the reinforcement device of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a very enlarged sectional elevation seen along line II-II of FIG. 1.
  • the drawing illustrates a rectangular collecting plate 1 which delimits tube passages 2 for tubes 3.
  • the collecting plate 1, which is metallic, is shaped by punching so that the tube passages 2 are delimited by collars 4 with bevelled end 4a.
  • the tubes 3 are engaged in the collars 4 and their upper end is flared as shown in 3a above the bevelled part 4a.
  • This embodiment of the collector plate has the additional effect that the bottom 5 of the spaces separating the collars is not planar but, on the contrary, curved as illustrated in FIG. 2, the decreasing radius of curvature in the vicinity of the part joining the bottom 5 to the side of the collars 4 as illustrated in 5a.
  • plates 6 are used which extend over a few rows of tubes, for example four as shown.
  • the plates 6 are completely flat and in their thickness, by means of cutting tools, lights 7 whose shape corresponds to that of the tubes and whose dimensions are slightly larger than those of the tubes 3.
  • the plates 6 are placed so that they are in contact with the underside of the collecting plate, that is to say with the underside of the convex part 5.
  • This arrangement has the effect of providing space between the collecting plate and the above each wafer capillary spaces 8 which communicate with capil spaces laires 9 formed between the openings 7 of the wafer 6 and the outer wall of the tubes 3.
  • the assembly produced is brazed, for example a soft brazing at by means of a lead tin alloy or the like which diffuses into the capillary spaces described above, none of which has dimensions such that residual flows can be retained.
  • the solder since all the spaces are capillary, the solder, when it melts, necessarily circulates in all the parts of the spaces and consequently repels the flux which could be there to allow the wetting of the metal by the solder.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne les échangeurs de chaleur et plus particulièrement les échangeurs de chaleur utilisés comme refroidisseurs par exemple comme radiateurs de refroidissement d'un moteur thermique.The present invention relates to heat exchangers and more particularly heat exchangers used as coolers, for example as cooling radiators of a heat engine.

Bien que non exclusivement l'invention concerne de façon plus particulière les échangeurs utilisés sur des véhicules poids-lourds dont les tubes d'extrémité sont soumis à des sollicitations importantes tant thermiques que mécaniques, ce qui oblige à renforcer la liaison tubes-plaques collectrices.Although not exclusively the invention relates more particularly to the exchangers used on heavy goods vehicles whose end tubes are subjected to significant stresses both thermal and mechanical, which requires strengthening the connection tubes-collector plates.

Le problème exposé ci-dessus est bien connu des spécialistes et il a été proposé de longue date de renforcer les plaques collectrices au voisinage des rangées d'extrémité des tubes. Pour cela, on a proposé de disposer des plaquettes de renforcement enfilées sur les extrémités des tubes soit au-dessus soit en dessous des plaques collectrices.The problem described above is well known to specialists and it has long been proposed to strengthen the collector plates in the vicinity of the end rows of the tubes. For this, it has been proposed to have reinforcing plates threaded on the ends of the tubes either above or below the collector plates.

La Demanderesse a elle-même proposé dans le brevet FR-A-2 250 973 des plaquettes de renfort formant des ondulations successives dans le sommet desquelles des lumières sont pratiquées pour le passage des tubes, ces ondulations servant à retenir de la brasure entre elles et le dessus d'une plaque collectrice. On renforce ainsi considérablement la liaison des tubes et des plaques collectrices.The Applicant has itself proposed in patent FR-A-2 250 973 reinforcement plates forming successive undulations in the top of which lights are formed for the passage of the tubes, these undulations serving to retain the solder between them and the top of a header plate. This considerably strengthens the connection of the tubes and the collector plates.

Il est apparu à l'usage que les solutions proposées donnaient satisfaction en permettant à l'échangeur de bien résister tant aux sollicitations mécaniques que thermiques. Cependant, il est apparu que l'amélioration apportée, bien que satisfaisant aux exigences actuelles d'utilisation, n'atteignait pas le degré qu'on pouvait en attendre.It has become apparent from use that the solutions proposed are satisfactory by allowing the exchanger to withstand both mechanical and thermal stresses well. However, it appeared that the improvement made, although satisfying the current requirements of use, did not reach the degree that one could expect.

Le DE-C-703 758 décrit une plaque collectrice ondulée dont les passages de tubes présentent des parties biseautées et un talon reposant sur un épanouissement des tubes engagés dans les passages de tubes. La partie ondulée de la plaque collectrice forme retenue par la brasure qui s'étend aussi entre chaque épanouissement et le dessous de la plaque collectrice. La disposition préconisée par la publication antérieure nécessite une mise en forme précise de la plaque collectrice et la réalisation d'un épanouissement sur chaque tube, ce qui constitue une opération réalisable essentiellement avec des tubes de section circulaire.DE-C-703 758 describes a corrugated header plate whose tube passages have bevelled parts and a heel resting on a development of the tubes engaged in the tube passages. The corrugated part of the collector plate forms retained by the solder which also extends between each opening and the underside of the collector plate. The arrangement recommended by the previous publication requires a precise shaping of the collector plate and the realization of a development on each tube, which constitutes an operation which can be carried out essentially with tubes of circular section.

L'invention simplifie les réalisations connues en mettant à profit un inconvénient que présentent les plaques collectrices dans lesquelles les passages de tubes sont formés par découpage et cambrage des collets.The invention simplifies the known embodiments by taking advantage of a drawback presented by the collector plates in which the tube passages are formed by cutting and bending the collars.

Conformément à l'invention, le procédé pour le renfort au moyen de plaquettes au moins des rangées d'extrémité de tubes, engagés dans des plaques collectrices pour constituer un échangeur de chaleur dans lequel les passages de tube de la plaque collectrice sont réalisés par poinçonnage de la plaque collectrice pour délimiter des parties biseautées, est caractérisé en ce que, de façon connue en soi, on cambre des collets pour que la partie biseautée se trouve à l'extrémité supérieure des collets, en ce qu'on forme le fond des parties de la plaque collectrice séparant deux passages de tubes successifs pour qu'elle soit bombée, en ce qu'on applique les parties bombées contre une plaque plane percée de lumières correspondant aux tubes, cette plaque étant mise en place sur les tubes préalablement à la plaque collectrice et en ce qu'on brase l'ensemble après fluxage, les espaces délimités entre les parties bombées du collecteur et planes de la plaquette formant des circuits de circulation capillaires pour la brasure en provoquant l'élimination du flux.According to the invention, the method for reinforcing by means of plates at least rows of tube ends, engaged in header plates to form a heat exchanger in which the tube passages of the header plate are made by punching of the collector plate to delimit bevelled parts, is characterized in that, in a manner known per se, cambered collars so that the bevelled part is located at the upper end of the collets, in that the bottom of the parts of the collector plate separating two passages of successive tubes so that it is curved, in that the curved parts are applied against a flat plate pierced with lights corresponding to the tubes, this plate being placed on the tubes before the collector plate and in that the assembly is brazed after fluxing, the spaces delimited between the convex parts of the collector and planes of the plate forming circulating circuits ca pills for soldering causing elimination of the flux.

Diverses autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressortent d'ailleurs de la description détaillée qui suit.Various other characteristics of the invention will also emerge from the detailed description which follows.

Une forme de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention est représentée, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, au dessein annexé.An embodiment of the subject of the invention is shown, by way of nonlimiting example, in the appended drawing.

La fig. 1 est un plan vu de dessus d'une plaque collectrice d'un échangeur de chaleur à tubes de circulation comportant le dispositif de renforcement de l'invention.Fig. 1 is a plan seen from above of a collector plate of a heat exchanger with circulation tubes comprising the reinforcement device of the invention.

La fig. 2 est une coupe-élévation très agrandie vue suivant la ligne II-II de la fig. 1.Fig. 2 is a very enlarged sectional elevation seen along line II-II of FIG. 1.

Le dessin illustre une plaque collectrice 1 de forme rectangulaire qui délimite des passages de tube 2 pour des tubes 3. La plaque collectrice 1, qui est métallique, est conformée par poiçon- nage pour que les passages de tube 2 soient délimités par des collets 4 à extrémité biseautée 4a. Les tubes 3 sont engagés dans les collets 4 et leur extrémité supérieure est évasée comme montré en 3a au-dessus de la partie biseautée 4a.The drawing illustrates a rectangular collecting plate 1 which delimits tube passages 2 for tubes 3. The collecting plate 1, which is metallic, is shaped by punching so that the tube passages 2 are delimited by collars 4 with bevelled end 4a. The tubes 3 are engaged in the collars 4 and their upper end is flared as shown in 3a above the bevelled part 4a.

Ce mode de réalisation de la plaque collectrice a pour effet supplémentairement que le fond 5 des espaces séparant les collets n'est pas plan mais, au contraire, bombé comme l'illustre la fig. 2, le rayon de courbure décroissant au voisinage de la partie joignant le fond 5 au flanc des collets 4 comme cela est illustré en 5a.This embodiment of the collector plate has the additional effect that the bottom 5 of the spaces separating the collars is not planar but, on the contrary, curved as illustrated in FIG. 2, the decreasing radius of curvature in the vicinity of the part joining the bottom 5 to the side of the collars 4 as illustrated in 5a.

Pour renforcer la plaque collectrice au moins au voisinage des tubes d'extrémité, c'est-à-dire les tubes 3" on met en oeuvre des plaquettes 6 s'étendant sur quelques rangées de tubes, par exemple quatre comme représenté. Les plaquettes 6 sont complètement planes et on pratique dans leur épaisseur, au moyen d'outils de découpage, des lumières 7 dont la forme correspond à celle des tubes et dont les dimensions sont légèrement plus grandes que celles des tubes 3.To reinforce the collector plate at least in the vicinity of the end tubes, that is to say the 3 "tubes, plates 6 are used which extend over a few rows of tubes, for example four as shown. The plates 6 are completely flat and in their thickness, by means of cutting tools, lights 7 whose shape corresponds to that of the tubes and whose dimensions are slightly larger than those of the tubes 3.

On dispose les plaquettes 6 de façon qu'elles soient en contact avec le dessous de la plaque collectrice, c'est-à-dire avec le dessous de la partie bombée 5. Cette disposition a pour effet de ménager entre la plaque collectrice et le dessus de chaque plaquette des espaces capillaires 8 qui communiquent avec des espaces capillaires 9 ménagés entre les lumières 7 de la plaquette 6 et la paroi externe des tubes 3. Après l'assemblage des tubes, des plaquettes et de la plaque collectrice, on procède au brasage de l'ensemble réalisé, par exemple un brasage tendre au moyen d'un alliage à l'étain plomb ou analogues qui diffuse dans les espaces capillaires décrits ci-dessus dont aucun ne présente des dimensions telles que des reliquats de flux puissent être retenus. En effet, puisque tous les espaces sont capillaires la brasure, lors de sa fusion, circule nécessairement dans toutes les parties des espaces et refoule par conséquent le flux qui pouvait s'y trouver pour permettre le mouillage du métal par la brasure.The plates 6 are placed so that they are in contact with the underside of the collecting plate, that is to say with the underside of the convex part 5. This arrangement has the effect of providing space between the collecting plate and the above each wafer capillary spaces 8 which communicate with capil spaces laires 9 formed between the openings 7 of the wafer 6 and the outer wall of the tubes 3. After assembling the tubes, the wafers and the collector plate, the assembly produced is brazed, for example a soft brazing at by means of a lead tin alloy or the like which diffuses into the capillary spaces described above, none of which has dimensions such that residual flows can be retained. In fact, since all the spaces are capillary, the solder, when it melts, necessarily circulates in all the parts of the spaces and consequently repels the flux which could be there to allow the wetting of the metal by the solder.

Il est possible de prévoir des plaquettes s'étendant sur toute la surface des plaques collectrices.It is possible to provide plates extending over the entire surface of the collector plates.

Claims (7)

1. Method for reinforcing by means of small plates (6) at least end rows of tubes (3) engaged into tube end plates (1) for constituting a heat exchanger in which the tube passages (2) of the tube end plate (1) are formed by punching in the tube end plate in order to delimit bevelled part, characterized in that, in a known per se manner, collars (4) are bent in order the bevelled part (4a) to be at the upper end of the collars, in that the bottom (5) of the parts of the tube end plate (1) separating two successive tube passages (2) is formed to be bulged, in that the bulged parts (5) are applied against a planar plate (6) pierced with apertures (7) corresponding to the tubes (3), this plate being positioned on the tubes prior to the tube end plate (1), and in that all the assembly is brazed after having been fluxed, intervals between the bulged parts of the tube end plate and planar parts of the small plate forming capillary flowing circuits for the brazing alloy thereby causing the elimination of the flux.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the tubes is enlarged above the bevelled parts of the collars for permitting also the flow of the brazing alloy and its retention.
3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the apertures made in the small planar plate are of a shape corresponding to that of the tubes but of dimensions very slightly larger than the outer dimensions of said tubes.
4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the brazing step is made when the bulged bottom of the parts of the tube end plate separating the tube passages bears on the above surface of the small plate.
5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a plurality of small plates are provided in relation with the same tube end plate.
6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a same small plate covers all the extent of a tube end plate.
7. The application of the method of one of claims 1 to 6 to the manufacture of heat exhang- ers of the cooler type for vehicles, particularly heavy truck vehicles.
EP83400714A 1982-04-16 1983-04-08 Method for reinforcing by means of small plates at least end rows of tubes engaged into tube plates for constituting a heat exchanger, and such a heat exchanger Expired EP0091873B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8206566 1982-04-16
FR8206566A FR2525337B1 (en) 1982-04-16 1982-04-16 METHOD FOR REINFORCING USING PLATES AT LEAST ROWS OF TUBES ENGAGED IN COLLECTOR PLATES TO CONSTITUTE A HEAT EXCHANGER AND EXCHANGER USING THE SAME

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0091873A1 EP0091873A1 (en) 1983-10-19
EP0091873B1 true EP0091873B1 (en) 1985-07-10

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EP83400714A Expired EP0091873B1 (en) 1982-04-16 1983-04-08 Method for reinforcing by means of small plates at least end rows of tubes engaged into tube plates for constituting a heat exchanger, and such a heat exchanger

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4813112A (en)
EP (1) EP0091873B1 (en)
BR (1) BR8301939A (en)
DE (2) DE3360381D1 (en)
ES (1) ES521492A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2525337B1 (en)

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US20070137841A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-21 Valeo, Inc. Automotive heat exchangers having strengthened fins and methods of making the same
DE102018214912A1 (en) * 2018-09-03 2020-03-05 Hanon Systems Radiator for a vehicle
US11073345B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2021-07-27 Hanon Systems Heat exchanger header with stiffening element
US11448132B2 (en) 2020-01-03 2022-09-20 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aircraft bypass duct heat exchanger
US20210207535A1 (en) * 2020-01-03 2021-07-08 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aircraft Heat Exchanger Panel Array Interconnection
US11525637B2 (en) 2020-01-19 2022-12-13 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aircraft heat exchanger finned plate manufacture
US11585273B2 (en) 2020-01-20 2023-02-21 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aircraft heat exchangers
US11585605B2 (en) 2020-02-07 2023-02-21 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aircraft heat exchanger panel attachment
US11420298B2 (en) * 2020-08-26 2022-08-23 Modine Manufacturing Company Method of making a heat exchanger
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4813112A (en) 1989-03-21
ES8602245A1 (en) 1985-12-01
ES521492A0 (en) 1985-12-01
DE3360381D1 (en) 1985-08-14
FR2525337A1 (en) 1983-10-21
BR8301939A (en) 1983-12-20
EP0091873A1 (en) 1983-10-19
FR2525337B1 (en) 1986-01-31
DE91873T1 (en) 1984-04-12

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