EP0090605B1 - Washing composition containing soap - Google Patents
Washing composition containing soap Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0090605B1 EP0090605B1 EP83301662A EP83301662A EP0090605B1 EP 0090605 B1 EP0090605 B1 EP 0090605B1 EP 83301662 A EP83301662 A EP 83301662A EP 83301662 A EP83301662 A EP 83301662A EP 0090605 B1 EP0090605 B1 EP 0090605B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- soap
- weight
- washing composition
- oil
- composition according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
- C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
- C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
- C11D10/047—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on cationic surface-active compounds and soap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
- C11D9/34—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
- C11D1/92—Sulfobetaines ; Sulfitobetaines
Definitions
- This invention relates to a washing composition containing soap.
- compositions of this type and also with compositions of other types, for instance those containing down to 10% by weight of soap and those containing large proportions of unsaturated fatty acids having 14 or more carbon atoms and have found that there can be problems with deposits of scale on heater coils. Scaling of heater coils is a well-known problem but it appears to be particularly severe with the compositions described.
- the solution is to include a small percentage of certain water-soluble surface-active compounds containing a nitrogen atom.
- a washing composition for use at elevated temperature comprising at least 10% by weight of a soap of an unsaturated fatty acid having 14 or more carbon atoms selected from soaps derived from groundnut oil, soyabean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and cottonseed oil, characterised by containing from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a water-soluble surface-active compound selected from quaternary ammonium salts, amine oxides, lecithin and lysolecithin.
- the quaternary ammonium salts which are preferred in the compositions of the invention are dodecyltrimethylammonium halide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium halide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium halide or sulphate. Of these halides the chloride and bromide are preferred for reasons of practicality.
- More complex compounds containing a quaternised nitrogen atom such as lecithin and lysolecithin may also be used.
- the quaternary ammonium salts will be present in an amount of from 0.1-5% by weight.
- Groundnut oil is the preferred source of unsaturated fatty acids containing 14 or more carbon atoms, since this is high in oleic acid content and relatively low in linolenic acids.
- the other oils which can be used are soyabean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, and cottonseed oil. Because these oils are rather prone to oxidation (due to their high linoleic/linolenic contents) they are best used together with a suitable antioxidant.
- oils which are free from linolenic acid and prefer to use oils which provide a fatty acid composition in the final soap powder which contains a total of no more than 50% by weight of linoleic acid and linolenic acids.
- the total content of these acids is from 20 to 50% by weight we recommend the use of a suitable antioxidant.
- soap powders included within this invention it is preferable to choose a mixture of fatty acids whose water-soluble sodium salts have a Krafft temperature of from 10-35°C, preferably no higher than 25°C.
- Krafft temperature is defined by Lloyd I. Osipow in 'Surface Chemistry, Theory and Industrial Application', published by Rheinhold of New York, 1962, and this definition is adopted for the purposes of this specification. To summarise the definition, the Krafft temperature can be regarded as the temperature above which there is a rapid increase in solubility of the surfactant in question due to formation of micelles.
- the fabric washing composition of the invention may, and usually will, contain a detergency builder compound.
- a detergency builder may be used, either a phosphate-based builder such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate or sodium orthophosphate, or a mixture thereof, or any one of the compounds which has been suggested recently as a result of pressure from those wishing to reduce phosphate contents of effluents.
- Typical of these are sodium citrate, alumino-silicates, both crystalline and amorphous, and a host of organic chelating compounds, prominent amongst which are nitrilotriacetic acid, which has been used commercially in some countries, alkenyl succinate salts and salts of carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid.
- These detergency builder compounds can be used in any desired combination so that the desired calcium/magnesium binding capacity is achieved at the level of phosphorus, if any, which is permitted or required.
- the amount of detergency builder compound required will normally be between 5 and 25% by weight of the whole powder formulation when the amount of soap is between 10 and 60% by weight, as is preferred.
- the detergency builder which is preferred, for reasons of cost-effectiveness, is sodium tripolyphosphate.
- the weight ratio, water-soluble salt of C, 2 -C,, fatty acids:sodium tripolyphosphate may be from 10:1 to 1:3, preferably 9:1 to 3:1.
- the fabric washing compositions of the invention may contain other materials in conventional amounts.
- they may contain a bleaching material, either an oxygen bleach such as sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate, desirably with a precursor such as tetraacetylethylene diamine or a chlorine bleach such as sodium di- or tri-chloroisocyanurate, or mixtures thereof.
- a bleaching material either an oxygen bleach such as sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate, desirably with a precursor such as tetraacetylethylene diamine or a chlorine bleach such as sodium di- or tri-chloroisocyanurate, or mixtures thereof.
- These materials may be present in amounts of from 10 to 30% by weight of the powder, preferably 15 to 25%, when the bleaching material is sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate alone and from 5 to 20% by weight when it is a chlorine bleach such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate.
- a bleach precursor When a bleach precursor is present it will desirably be at a level of from 0.2 to 3.5% by weight, and the oxygen bleach will be present at a reduced level, typically 5 to 20% by weight in the case of sodium perborate and 5 to 15% by weight in the case of sodium percarbonate.
- Antiredeposition agents such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, fillers such as sodium sulphate or sodium carbonate, corrosion inhibitors such as sodium silicate, lime soap dispersants such as nonionic surfactants, alkanolamides and alkali metal ether sulphates, optical brightening agents, coloured speckles and perfumes, may also be present in amounts varying from 0.1 to 15%, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight. Moisture may be present in an amount of up to 15%.
- the soap powder may be made by any of the conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, which include slurry-making, spray-drying, spray-cooling, dry-dosing and spraying of fatty acids directly onto solid components of the powders.
- a solution containing 4 gms/litre of a spray-dried/cooled soap powder having the composition in water 22° German hardness was placed in a washing machine having a weighed heater element. The solution was heated to 75°C maintained at that temperature for one hour and then discarded. That procedure was repeated 4 times, after which the heater element was dried and re-weighed to determine the amount of scale deposited.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a washing composition containing soap.
- Our British Patent Application No. 7936514 (GB-A-2034741 ) describes and claims soap powder containing from 15 to 60% by weight of soap, 35 to 95% by weight of the soap being derived from unsaturated fatty acids having 14 or more carbon atoms, examples of which are oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids.
- We have now gained experience with compositions of this type and also with compositions of other types, for instance those containing down to 10% by weight of soap and those containing large proportions of unsaturated fatty acids having 14 or more carbon atoms and have found that there can be problems with deposits of scale on heater coils. Scaling of heater coils is a well-known problem but it appears to be particularly severe with the compositions described.
- We have now discovered how to prevent or substantially reduce build up of heater scale in the circumstances described: the solution is to include a small percentage of certain water-soluble surface-active compounds containing a nitrogen atom.
- According to the present invention there is provided a washing composition for use at elevated temperature comprising at least 10% by weight of a soap of an unsaturated fatty acid having 14 or more carbon atoms selected from soaps derived from groundnut oil, soyabean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and cottonseed oil, characterised by containing from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a water-soluble surface-active compound selected from quaternary ammonium salts, amine oxides, lecithin and lysolecithin.
- These nitrogen compounds have been suggested for use in washing compositions before. In particular, surface-active quaternary ammonium salts have been suggested for inhibiting dye-transfer, in combination with anionic and nonionic surfactants, for imparting softness benefits and for inhibiting autoxidation during spray-drying of detergent slurries containing nonionic surfactants. They have not however, as far as is known to us, been suggested in combination with the narrowly-defined soap compositions specified herein.
- We are aware of DE-A-20 60 849. However, although this relates to soaps in general, it does not relate to unsaturated soaps having 14 or more carbon atoms of the type with which this specification is concerned.
- We are also aware of DE-A-2048066 which describes the use of selected sulphobetaine compounds in controlling the deposition of scum from detergent compositions containing soap derived from predominantly saturated fatty acids.
- The quaternary ammonium salts which are preferred in the compositions of the invention are dodecyltrimethylammonium halide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium halide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium halide or sulphate. Of these halides the chloride and bromide are preferred for reasons of practicality.
- More complex compounds containing a quaternised nitrogen atom, such as lecithin and lysolecithin may also be used.
- The quaternary ammonium salts will be present in an amount of from 0.1-5% by weight.
- Groundnut oil is the preferred source of unsaturated fatty acids containing 14 or more carbon atoms, since this is high in oleic acid content and relatively low in linolenic acids. The other oils which can be used are soyabean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, and cottonseed oil. Because these oils are rather prone to oxidation (due to their high linoleic/linolenic contents) they are best used together with a suitable antioxidant.
- For best results we specify oils which are free from linolenic acid and prefer to use oils which provide a fatty acid composition in the final soap powder which contains a total of no more than 50% by weight of linoleic acid and linolenic acids. When the total content of these acids is from 20 to 50% by weight we recommend the use of a suitable antioxidant. We have found ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid or ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, or a mixture thereof, to be suitable antioxidants.
- In order to obtain good solubility from soap powders included within this invention it is preferable to choose a mixture of fatty acids whose water-soluble sodium salts have a Krafft temperature of from 10-35°C, preferably no higher than 25°C.
- Krafft temperature is defined by Lloyd I. Osipow in 'Surface Chemistry, Theory and Industrial Application', published by Rheinhold of New York, 1962, and this definition is adopted for the purposes of this specification. To summarise the definition, the Krafft temperature can be regarded as the temperature above which there is a rapid increase in solubility of the surfactant in question due to formation of micelles.
- The fabric washing composition of the invention may, and usually will, contain a detergency builder compound. Any detergency builder may be used, either a phosphate-based builder such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate or sodium orthophosphate, or a mixture thereof, or any one of the compounds which has been suggested recently as a result of pressure from those wishing to reduce phosphate contents of effluents. Typical of these are sodium citrate, alumino-silicates, both crystalline and amorphous, and a host of organic chelating compounds, prominent amongst which are nitrilotriacetic acid, which has been used commercially in some countries, alkenyl succinate salts and salts of carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid. These detergency builder compounds can be used in any desired combination so that the desired calcium/magnesium binding capacity is achieved at the level of phosphorus, if any, which is permitted or required.
- Bearing in mind that soap formulations are to a large extent self-building, the amount of detergency builder compound required will normally be between 5 and 25% by weight of the whole powder formulation when the amount of soap is between 10 and 60% by weight, as is preferred.
- The detergency builder which is preferred, for reasons of cost-effectiveness, is sodium tripolyphosphate. When this substance is used, the weight ratio, water-soluble salt of C,2-C,, fatty acids:sodium tripolyphosphate may be from 10:1 to 1:3, preferably 9:1 to 3:1.
- The fabric washing compositions of the invention may contain other materials in conventional amounts. For example, they may contain a bleaching material, either an oxygen bleach such as sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate, desirably with a precursor such as tetraacetylethylene diamine or a chlorine bleach such as sodium di- or tri-chloroisocyanurate, or mixtures thereof. These materials may be present in amounts of from 10 to 30% by weight of the powder, preferably 15 to 25%, when the bleaching material is sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate alone and from 5 to 20% by weight when it is a chlorine bleach such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate. When a bleach precursor is present it will desirably be at a level of from 0.2 to 3.5% by weight, and the oxygen bleach will be present at a reduced level, typically 5 to 20% by weight in the case of sodium perborate and 5 to 15% by weight in the case of sodium percarbonate.
- Antiredeposition agents, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, fillers such as sodium sulphate or sodium carbonate, corrosion inhibitors such as sodium silicate, lime soap dispersants such as nonionic surfactants, alkanolamides and alkali metal ether sulphates, optical brightening agents, coloured speckles and perfumes, may also be present in amounts varying from 0.1 to 15%, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight. Moisture may be present in an amount of up to 15%.
- The soap powder may be made by any of the conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, which include slurry-making, spray-drying, spray-cooling, dry-dosing and spraying of fatty acids directly onto solid components of the powders.
- The invention will be further illustrated by reference to the following Example.
- A solution containing 4 gms/litre of a spray-dried/cooled soap powder having the composition
-
- It can be seen that the three surface-active quaternary ammonium compounds produce a dramatic reduction in the amount of scale deposited on heater elements.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83301662T ATE27303T1 (en) | 1982-03-26 | 1983-03-24 | SOAP-CONTAINING DETERGENT COMPOSITION. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8209038 | 1982-03-26 | ||
GB8209038 | 1982-03-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0090605A1 EP0090605A1 (en) | 1983-10-05 |
EP0090605B1 true EP0090605B1 (en) | 1987-05-20 |
Family
ID=10529327
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83301662A Expired EP0090605B1 (en) | 1982-03-26 | 1983-03-24 | Washing composition containing soap |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0090605B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE27303T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3371646D1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA832076B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NZ226288A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1991-02-26 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Stable non-aqueous suspensions for fabrics |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE855445C (en) * | 1950-09-19 | 1952-11-13 | Heinrich Carl Dr Buer | Process for making a lecithin soap |
CA796708A (en) * | 1965-06-25 | 1968-10-15 | R. Galbraith Andrew | Liquid detergent composition |
DE1696130A1 (en) * | 1968-03-02 | 1971-10-21 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Liquid cleaning agent for metal surfaces |
BE756880A (en) * | 1969-10-01 | 1971-03-30 | Procter & Gamble | NEW ZWITTERIONIC COMPOUNDS AND DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM |
GB1329429A (en) * | 1969-12-10 | 1973-09-05 | Gillette Co | Laundering composition |
-
1983
- 1983-03-24 DE DE8383301662T patent/DE3371646D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-03-24 EP EP83301662A patent/EP0090605B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-03-24 ZA ZA832076A patent/ZA832076B/en unknown
- 1983-03-24 AT AT83301662T patent/ATE27303T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3371646D1 (en) | 1987-06-25 |
ZA832076B (en) | 1984-11-28 |
EP0090605A1 (en) | 1983-10-05 |
ATE27303T1 (en) | 1987-06-15 |
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