EP0089036B1 - Method of purifying exhaust gases and for the recuperation of heat, and device for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Method of purifying exhaust gases and for the recuperation of heat, and device for carrying out this method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0089036B1
EP0089036B1 EP83102457A EP83102457A EP0089036B1 EP 0089036 B1 EP0089036 B1 EP 0089036B1 EP 83102457 A EP83102457 A EP 83102457A EP 83102457 A EP83102457 A EP 83102457A EP 0089036 B1 EP0089036 B1 EP 0089036B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste gas
stack
scrubbing fluid
scrubbing
storage vessel
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EP83102457A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0089036A1 (en
Inventor
Herbert Dr. Jovy
Wilhelm Schuster
Jürgen Wittekind
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Feraton Anstalt
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Feraton Anstalt
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Priority to AT83102457T priority Critical patent/ATE20493T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/18—Flue gas recuperation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust gas and recovering heat, in particular from a combustion system, in which the exhaust gas is brought into contact with a circulating scrubbing liquid coming from a storage tank, which contains additives which bind pollutants contained in the exhaust gas.
  • the washing liquid simultaneously removes heat from the exhaust gas and in which the compounds formed in the washing liquid are oxidized and removed from the circuit.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • Firing systems in which fossil fuels are burned pollute the environment through pollutants carried in the exhaust gas, in particular sulfur dioxide SO 2 .
  • pollutants carried in the exhaust gas in particular sulfur dioxide SO 2 .
  • the hot exhaust gases result in high heat losses. This heat of loss means that the overall efficiency of a combustion system, in which water is heated, for example, is limited and the use of the energy used is therefore unsatisfactory.
  • the scrubbing liquid expediently circulated for this purpose contains appropriate chemicals, such as calcium carbonate and / or calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide, which bind the sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas.
  • the compounds formed are then oxidized to calcium sulfate by oxygen and this is separated from the wash water and removed.
  • the method known from US-A-3 386 798 is also designed for a large-scale system, with a cleaning device being arranged between a combustion system and a chimney.
  • the cleaned exhaust gas reaches the lower area of the chimney.
  • the exhaust gases coming from the burner or boiler flow through a line through an air preheater and dust collector and are introduced from here into the upper area of a cleaning chamber of a gas cleaner equipped with a heat exchanger fill.
  • the washing liquid is sprayed into the cleaning chamber of the gas cleaner from the gas inlet side, ie in the same direction of flow as the gas.
  • the scrubbing liquid enriched with the pollutants bound from the exhaust gases returns to the circuit via a liquid collector and the cleaned exhaust gases are introduced from the cleaning chamber into the lower area of the chimney.
  • DE-A-2 512 233 discloses a method and a device for heat recovery from the flue gases of fuel-fired boilers.
  • a liquid intermediate medium is heated with the flue gases emerging from the boiler and the water entering the boiler is preheated by heat exchange with the intermediate medium.
  • the boiler is combined with a preheating vessel filled with water in the lower area, which has a flue gas inlet directly above the water level and a flue gas outlet in the upper area. Exhaust gas cleaning is not provided in this device.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned and a device suitable for carrying out the method, with a minimum expenditure in terms of equipment and exhaust gas purification in an extremely economical manner, even in small and medium-sized incineration plants, with extensive leaching the substances that pollute the exhaust gases and, at the same time, heat recovery and the corresponding energy-saving use of the fuels.
  • the device for carrying out the method which has a storage container for the washing liquid and an inlet line leading to a cleaning chamber and a return line for the washing liquid leading from this cleaning chamber, and furthermore an inlet line for exhaust gas leading from the boiler room of a boiler of the firing system into the cleaning chamber , is characterized in that the inlet line leads from the boiler into the lower region of the cleaning chamber, the cleaning chamber through the chimney itself or through a arranged in the chimney, essentially taking up its entire length, an exhaust line leading from the storage container for washing liquid opens into an upper region of the cleaning chamber, and in the bottom region of the cleaning chamber a drain line leading back into the storage container is provided.
  • the process has a number of advantages, which range from being carried out in a space-saving arrangement for small and medium-sized plants to removing pollutants and simultaneously utilizing heat.
  • One of the essential features is the inclusion of the fireplace in the work area of the washing process.
  • the space requirement of the entire system is thus reduced to a minimum, and it is also achieved that, at the same time, the scrubbing liquid flowing in countercurrent not only removes pollutants from the exhaust gas but also heat which can now be supplied to a fluid to be heated.
  • the device adapted to the method offers yet another possibility for heat utilization, which can be implemented without great effort.
  • a heat exchanger can be installed in a connecting pipe, for example a chimney socket between the boiler and the flue gas pipe in the chimney, which already extracts part of the heat that is usually lost by the exhaust gas escaping here, so that this heat can be used for any purpose can be.
  • the additional device from a combined storage-sedimentation tank and optionally reaction tank brings further advantages, since the solid compounds washed out with the washing water and formed by the further treatment settle during the standstill periods of the burner. When the burner is out of operation, the washing liquid circulation is also switched off. The fine solids, because these are usually, are deposited in the storage tank from the dormant washing liquid and are only sporadically removed from here during downtimes.
  • the separation is more complete than when the solids are withdrawn during the liquid circulation, as is the case with known methods and systems.
  • This measure also simplifies and improves the method according to the invention compared to the prior art.
  • the heat of condensation of the combustion gases can only be optimally used if liquid, usually water, actually condenses out.
  • the amount of heat extracted from the washing liquid is regulated in such a way that the temperature of the liquid is partly below and partly above the dew point of the flue gases or exhaust gases.
  • moisture from the exhaust gases is condensed into the wash water and, on the other hand, water from the wash water is evaporated into the smoke or exhaust gases.
  • the amount of heat withdrawn from the washing liquid via heat exchangers is expediently regulated via a level switch assigned to the storage tank, and thus the temperature and the amount of the washing liquid are controlled.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a conventional oil burner 1 of a firing system arranged in a boiler 2, which is connected downstream of the washing system.
  • the boiler 2 which is used, for example, for heating domestic and heating water, is equipped with a domestic water supply 3 and a domestic water feed line 4 as well as a heating supply 5 and a heating return 6.
  • the boiler 2 is connected to a chimney 8, which is bricked, but can also be designed only as a jacket for an exhaust pipe 9.
  • This exhaust pipe 9 is an essential part of the device for carrying out the washing process. It leads from the lower region of the chimney 8 upwards, preferably essentially through the entire length of the chimney 8 and is from the Exhaust gases flowing from oil burner 1.
  • a storage container 16 is provided outside the chimney 8, expediently at its lower end, from which a line 12 for the wash water opens into an upper region in the exhaust line 9.
  • a pump 13 is installed in the line 12 and then an air injector 15 is installed thereon.
  • the entry of line 12 into exhaust line 9 is preferably provided with a spray device 10, which advantageously has spray arms 11 arranged in a star shape.
  • a drain line 14 leads back to the storage tank 16 from a lower area of the exhaust gas line 9 which is closed off from the outside. The washing liquid is injected from the storage container 16 into the exhaust pipe 9 with the aid of the pump 13.
  • a practical embodiment provides an exhaust pipe 9 with a length at least corresponding to the chimney height, advantageously 6 m or more.
  • the diameter of such an exhaust pipe 9 is approximately 15 cm.
  • a scrubbing liquid which binds pollutants in the exhaust gas is preferably a lime solution in which burnt lime and water are present in a ratio of 40 g of lime to 1 liter of water and formic acid in a ratio of 50 g of formic acid to 40 g of lime.
  • Air is introduced into the wash water downstream of the pump 13 in the line 12, for example through the air injector 15, in order to carry out the required oxidation in the solution.
  • the process water feed 17 is passed through the storage tank 16 and passes into the process water feed line 4, which enters the boiler 2.
  • the return 18 of the heating water also leads through the storage tank 16 and from here to the heating return 6, which opens into the boiler 2.
  • a heat exchanger 7 In the connection between the boiler 2 and the exhaust pipe 9, which is preferably designed as a chimney nozzle 19, a heat exchanger 7 is used, which removes this heat as soon as the exhaust gases coming from the boiler 2 enter.
  • the medium heated in the heat exchanger can be used for any purpose.
  • the design of the storage container 16 also contributes to the optimal implementation of the method according to the invention, which can be designed in such a way that not only the washing liquid is stored here, but the solids fall down therein and are collected during the shutdown of the combustion system. Furthermore, this storage container 16 can also be equipped with a reaction chamber.
  • a combined storage, sedimentation and reaction container 16 is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the boiler 2 of the firing system and the chimney 8 in which the exhaust pipe 9 (FIG. 1) is guided and into which the pipe 12 for the washing liquid coming from the storage tank 16 opens are shown here.
  • the storage, sedimentation and reaction container 16 consists of three departments, namely the chamber 20 for the washing liquid flowing back from the exhaust pipe 9 via the drain pipe 14. Below this chamber 20 is the sludge chamber 21 and above the chamber 20 there is a storage chamber 22 filled with calcium carbonate (CaC0 2 ). In the chamber 20 there is a heat exchanger 23, for example for process water, into which the inlet and outlet lines 17 , 18 lead for a medium that is used for heat recovery.
  • the pump 13 is arranged in the lower region of the line 12 leading into the exhaust gas line 9 for the washing water and the air injector 15 is arranged downstream Flow of the medium for heat recovery is provided.
  • the setting is such that the temperature of the scrubbing liquid is partly below and partly above the dew point of the exhaust gases, so that either moisture from the exhaust gases condenses into the washing water or water from the washing water evaporates into the exhaust gases.
  • Level switches of this type are known.
  • the resulting exhaust gas in the oil burner 1 contains S0 2 , which is known to produce up to about 3 liters of S0 2 gas when burning 1 kg of oil. This sulfur gas, which pollutes the environment, should and must be removed.
  • the exhaust gas flowing through the chimney nozzle 19, which is hot up to about 300 ° C., is first cooled by the heat exchanger 7 located in this feed line. This is preferably designed such that the exhaust gas is cooled to, for example, 50 to 80 ° C. At this temperature, the exhaust gas reaches the exhaust pipe 9. -
  • the heat exchanger 7 can be flowed through by water that heats up through heat exchange and this warm water can be used for various purposes, such as for building heating, domestic water heating, swimming pool heating and the like.
  • the exhaust gas cooled in the first heat exchanger 7 flows upward in the exhaust line 9, counter to the washing liquid which contains a calcium format and flows through the spray device 10 from top to bottom in the exhaust line 9.
  • the gas contained in the exhaust gas reacts during this counterflow. Sulfur dioxide with the Ca 2+ ions of the washing liquid.
  • Free formic acid is formed in accordance with the Ca 2 + ions bound by the sulfur dioxide. Reacts on the way of the washing liquid through the combined storage, sedimentation and reaction container 16 (FIG. 2) this free formic acid with the calcium carbonate in the storage space 22. In accordance with the free formic acid formed in the exhaust line 9, Ca 2 + ions are dissolved from the calcium carbonate, so that a regenerated washing solution is supplied to the exhaust line 9.
  • a detergent funnel 25 (FIG. 2) is expediently provided, from which the washing liquid enriched with bound sulfur dioxide from the exhaust gas reaches the chamber 20 of the combined storage tank 16 via the drain line 14.
  • the calcium sulfate (gypsum) formed during the absorption of the sulfur dioxide under atmospheric oxygen settles on the bottom of the sedimentation container, that is to say in its sludge chamber 21, in particular during the burner downtimes, in which the circulation of the washing liquid is also switched off.
  • the sludge layer is expediently covered by a cover funnel 24 opposite the remaining container space in order not to whirl up any settled sludge during the washing liquid circulation. At the bottom of the sludge space 21, the settled solid can be drawn off in corresponding periods.
  • the sulfur dioxide content in exhaust gases can also be largely removed in small and medium-sized combustion plants, with substantial amounts of heat being recovered by heat exchange in two stages, namely before the washing process and during the washing process and can be used.
  • the washing liquid can also be regenerated in whole or in part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

A method for purifying exhaust gases containing noxious products as well as an installation for implementing such method particularly intended to boiler rooms are described. In a cheminee (8), an exhaust gas conduit (9) is arranged wherein a purifying liquid conduit (12) opens into its upper portion. The liquid is sprayed counter to the gases to be purified which flow upwardly within the exhaust conduit (9). Moreover, the purifying liquid contains additives which react with and fix the noxious products in the exhaust gases. The liquid, withdrawn from a storage tank (16), finally circulates downwardly within the exhaust conduit (9) and is brought back in said tank (16). The tank is preferably built up as a combined storage, sedimentation and reaction receptacle, wherein the solid products formed during the washing can settle and wherein the purifying liquid regenerate. Heat exchangers (7, 17, 18) are provided to extract from the exhaust gases the heat that would otherwise be exhausted with the gases without being used.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Reinigen von Abgas und Rückgewinnung von Wärme, insbesondere aus einer Feuerungsanlage, bei dem das Abgas mit einer im Kreislauf gefahrenen, aus einem Speicherbehälter kommenden Waschflüssigkeit in Kontakt gebracht wird, die Zusätze enthält, welche im Abgas enthaltene Schadstoffe bindet, wobei die Waschflüssigkeit dem Abgas gleichzeitig Wärme entzieht und bei dem die in der Waschflüssigkeit entstehenden Verbindungen aufoxidiert und aus dem Kreislauf entfernt werden.The invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust gas and recovering heat, in particular from a combustion system, in which the exhaust gas is brought into contact with a circulating scrubbing liquid coming from a storage tank, which contains additives which bind pollutants contained in the exhaust gas. the washing liquid simultaneously removes heat from the exhaust gas and in which the compounds formed in the washing liquid are oxidized and removed from the circuit.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method.

Feuerungsanlagen, in welchen fossile Brennstoffe verbrannt werden, beispielsweise mit ÖIbrennern ausgerüstete Feuerungsanlagen, belasten die Umwelt durch im Abgas mitgeführte Schadstoffe, insbesondere Schwefeldioxid SO2. Ausserdem entstehen durch die heissen Abgase hohe Wärmeverluste. Diese Veriustwärme bedingt, dass der gesamte Wirkungsgrad einer Feuerungsanlage, bei denen beispielsweise Wasser erwärmt wird, beschränkt und dadurch die Ausnutzung der eingesetzten Energie nicht zufriedenstellend ist.Firing systems in which fossil fuels are burned, for example firing systems equipped with oil burners, pollute the environment through pollutants carried in the exhaust gas, in particular sulfur dioxide SO 2 . In addition, the hot exhaust gases result in high heat losses. This heat of loss means that the overall efficiency of a combustion system, in which water is heated, for example, is limited and the use of the energy used is therefore unsatisfactory.

Zur Reinigung der Abgase sind bereits zahlreiche Verfahren und Vorrichtungen sowie Anlagen vorgeschlagen worden und werden auch benutzt. Sie arbeiten im wesentlichen alle nach dem gleichen Grundprinzip, wobei Schwefeidioxid aus den Abgasen ausgewaschen wird. Die hierfür zweckmässig im Kreislauf gefahrene Waschflüssigkeit enthält entsprechende Chemikalien, wie Calciumcarbonat und/oder Calciumoxid und/oder Calciumhydroxid, die das Schwefeidioxid des Abgases binden. Durch Sauerstoff werden dann die gebildeten Verbindungen zu Calciumsulfat oxidiert und dieses aus dem Waschwasser abgeschieden und entfernt.Numerous methods and devices as well as systems have already been proposed for cleaning the exhaust gases and are also used. They all essentially work on the same basic principle, with sulfur dioxide being washed out of the exhaust gases. The scrubbing liquid expediently circulated for this purpose contains appropriate chemicals, such as calcium carbonate and / or calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide, which bind the sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas. The compounds formed are then oxidized to calcium sulfate by oxygen and this is separated from the wash water and removed.

Bei den bekannten Verfahren zur Rauch- bzw. Abgaswäsche wird die Dosierung der benötigten Absorptionschemikalien, die Aufoxidierung des entstehenden Sulfits zu Sulfat sowie das Ausschleusen des entstehenden bzw. entstandenen Calciumsulfats aus dem Waschmittelkreislauf so aufwendig geführt, dass diese Verfahren nur zur Reinigung der Abgase von Grossverbrennungsanlagen angewendet werden können.In the known processes for smoke and exhaust gas scrubbing, the metering of the required absorption chemicals, the oxidation of the sulfite formed to sulfate and the removal of the resulting or formed calcium sulfate from the detergent circuit are carried out in such a complex manner that these methods are only used for cleaning the exhaust gases from large combustion plants can be applied.

Auch das aus der US-A-3 386 798 bekannte Verfahren ist für eine Grossanlage ausgelegt, wobei eine Reinigungseinrichtung zwischen einer Feuerungsanlage und einem Kamin angeordnet ist. Das gereinigte Abgas gelangt in den unteren Bereich des Kamins. Die aus dem Brenner bzw. Boiler kommenden Abgase strömen über eine Leitung durch einen Luftvorerhitzer und Staubsammler und werden von hier in den oberen Bereich einer mit einer Wärmeaustauscherfüllung bestückten Reinigungskammer eines Gasreinigers eingeleitet. Die Waschflüssigkeit wird von der Gaseintrittsseite, also in der gleichen Strömungsrichtung wie das Gas, in die Reinigungskammer des Gasreinigers eingesprüht. Die mit den aus den Abgasen gebundenen Schadstoffen angereicherte Waschflüssigkeit gelangt über einen Flüssigkeitssammler in den Kreislauf zurück und die gereinigten Abgase werden aus der Reinigungskammer in den unteren Bereich des Kamins eingeleitet.The method known from US-A-3 386 798 is also designed for a large-scale system, with a cleaning device being arranged between a combustion system and a chimney. The cleaned exhaust gas reaches the lower area of the chimney. The exhaust gases coming from the burner or boiler flow through a line through an air preheater and dust collector and are introduced from here into the upper area of a cleaning chamber of a gas cleaner equipped with a heat exchanger fill. The washing liquid is sprayed into the cleaning chamber of the gas cleaner from the gas inlet side, ie in the same direction of flow as the gas. The scrubbing liquid enriched with the pollutants bound from the exhaust gases returns to the circuit via a liquid collector and the cleaned exhaust gases are introduced from the cleaning chamber into the lower area of the chimney.

. Aus der DE-A-2 512 233 ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Wärmerückgewinnung aus den Rauchgasen brennstoffbeheizter Kessel bekannt. Dabei wird mit den aus dem Heizkessel austretenden Rauchgasen ein flüssiges Zwischenmedium aufgeheizt und das in den Heizkessel eintretende Wasser wird durch Wärmeaustausch mit dem Zwischenmedium vorgewärmt. Der Heizkessel ist mit einem im unteren Bereich mit Wasser gefüllten Vorwärmgefäss kombiniert, das unmittelbar über dem Wasserspiegel einen Rauchgaseinlass und im oberen Bereich einen Rauchgasauslass aufweist. Eine Abgasreinigung ist bei dieser Vorrichtung nicht vorgesehen.. DE-A-2 512 233 discloses a method and a device for heat recovery from the flue gases of fuel-fired boilers. A liquid intermediate medium is heated with the flue gases emerging from the boiler and the water entering the boiler is preheated by heat exchange with the intermediate medium. The boiler is combined with a preheating vessel filled with water in the lower area, which has a flue gas inlet directly above the water level and a flue gas outlet in the upper area. Exhaust gas cleaning is not provided in this device.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art und eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung zu schaffen, wobei mit einem apparativen Mindest aufwand und in äusserst wirtschaftlicher Weise eine Abgasreinigung auch bei kleinen und mittleren Verbrennungsanlagen möglich ist, und zwar bei weitgehender Auswaschung der die Abgase verunreinigenden Stoffe und gleichzeitiger Rückgewinnung von Wärme und entsprechender energiesparender Ausnutzung der Brennstoffe.The object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned and a device suitable for carrying out the method, with a minimum expenditure in terms of equipment and exhaust gas purification in an extremely economical manner, even in small and medium-sized incineration plants, with extensive leaching the substances that pollute the exhaust gases and, at the same time, heat recovery and the corresponding energy-saving use of the fuels.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass die Waschflüssigkeit in einen oberen Raum eines . Kamins bzw. einer im Kamin angeordneten, im wesentlichen dessen gesamte Länge einnehmenden Abgasleitung im Gegenstrom zu dem in den unteren Bereich des Kamins bzw. der Abgasleitung aus der Feuerungsanlage eingeführten und nach oben strömenden Abgas geleitet wird, die im unteren Kaminbereich anfallende, mit gebundenen Schadstoffen angereicherte Waschflüssigkeit abgeleitet und in den Speicherbehälter zurückgeführt wird, während das gereinigte und gekühlte Abgas durch den Kamin entweicht.This object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned in the introduction that the washing liquid in an upper space of a. Chimney or a chimney arranged in the chimney, essentially taking up its entire length, is directed in countercurrent to the flue gas which is introduced into the lower area of the chimney or the chimney and flows upwards, the accumulated in the lower chimney area with bound pollutants enriched washing liquid is discharged and returned to the storage tank, while the cleaned and cooled exhaust gas escapes through the chimney.

Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, die einen Speicherbehälter für die Waschflüssigkeit sowie eine zu einer Reinigungskammer führende Zulaufleitung und eine aus dieser Reinigungskammer führende Rücklaufleitung für die Waschflüssigkeit aufweist under ferner eine aus dem Kesselraum eines Kessels der Feuerungsanlage in die Reinigungskammer führende Einlassleitung für Abgas vorgesehen ist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einlassleitung aus dem Kessel in den unteren Bereich der Reinigungskammer führt, wobei die Reinigungskammer durch den Kamin selbst oder durch eine im Kamin angeordnete, im wesentlichen dessen gesamte Länge einnehmende Abgasleitung gebildet ist, eine aus dem Speicherbehälter ausgehende Leitung für Waschflüssigkeit in einen oberen Bereich der Reinigungskammer mündet, und im Bodenbereich der Reinigungskammer eine in den Speicherbehälter zurückführende Ablfussleitung vorgesehen ist.The device for carrying out the method, which has a storage container for the washing liquid and an inlet line leading to a cleaning chamber and a return line for the washing liquid leading from this cleaning chamber, and furthermore an inlet line for exhaust gas leading from the boiler room of a boiler of the firing system into the cleaning chamber , is characterized in that the inlet line leads from the boiler into the lower region of the cleaning chamber, the cleaning chamber through the chimney itself or through a arranged in the chimney, essentially taking up its entire length, an exhaust line leading from the storage container for washing liquid opens into an upper region of the cleaning chamber, and in the bottom region of the cleaning chamber a drain line leading back into the storage container is provided.

Zweckmässige Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens sowie der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung sind in den entsprechenden Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Appropriate developments of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are characterized in the corresponding subclaims.

Das Verfahren weist eine Reihe von Vorteilen auf, die von der Durchführung in raumsparender Anordnung für Klein- und Mittelanlagen über Entzug der Schadstoffe und gleichzeitiger Wärmeausnutzung reichen. Eines der wesentlichen Merkmale ist die Einbeziehung des Kamins in den Arbeitsbereich des Waschvorganges. Damit wird der Raumbedarf der gesamten Anlage auf ein Minimum reduziert, wobei auch erreicht wird, dass gleichzeitig durch die in Gegenstrom fliessende Waschflüssigkeit dem Abgas nicht nur Schädstoffe, sondern auch Wärme entzogen wird, die nun einem zu erwärmenden Fluid zugeführt werden kann. Die dem Verfahren angepasste Vorrichtung bietet noch eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Wärmeausnutzung, die ohne grossen Aufwand verwirklicht werden kann. In einer Verbindungsleitung, beispielsweise einem Kaminstutzen zwischen dem Heizkessel und der Abgasleitung im Kamin, kann ein Wärmetauscher eingebaut werden, der bereits einen Teil der Wärme, die üblicherweise durch das hier ausströmmende Abgas der Nutzwärme verloren geht, entzieht, so dass diese Wärme irgendeinem Verwendungszweck zugeführt werden kann. Die Zusatzeinrichtung aus einem kombinierten Speicher-Sedimentationsbehälters sowie gegebenenfalls Reaktionsbehälters bringt weitere Vorteile mit sich, da sich in diesem die mit dem Waschwasser ausgewaschenen und durch die Weiterbehandlung gebildeten festen Verbindungen während der Stillstands perioden des Brenners absetzen. Wenn der Brenner ausser Betrieb ist, wird auch der Waschflüssigkeits-Umlauf abgeschaltet. Die feinen Feststoffe, denn um solche handelt es sich in der Regel, setzen sich im Speicherbehälter aus der ruhenden Waschflüssigkeit ab und werden von hier nur sporadisch während der Stillstandszeiten entzogen. Auf diese Weise ist die Abscheidung vollständiger als bei einem Entzug der Feststoffe während des Flüssigkeitsumlaufs, wie das bei bekannten Verfahren und Anlagen der Fall ist. Auch durch diese Massnahme ist das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren gegenüber dem Stand der Technik vereinfacht und verbessert. Durch die Anordnung einer Reaktionskammer im Speicherbehälter kann die in den Speicherbehälter rückgeführte verbrauchte Waschflüssigkeit ganz oder zumindest teilweise regeneriert werden.The process has a number of advantages, which range from being carried out in a space-saving arrangement for small and medium-sized plants to removing pollutants and simultaneously utilizing heat. One of the essential features is the inclusion of the fireplace in the work area of the washing process. The space requirement of the entire system is thus reduced to a minimum, and it is also achieved that, at the same time, the scrubbing liquid flowing in countercurrent not only removes pollutants from the exhaust gas but also heat which can now be supplied to a fluid to be heated. The device adapted to the method offers yet another possibility for heat utilization, which can be implemented without great effort. A heat exchanger can be installed in a connecting pipe, for example a chimney socket between the boiler and the flue gas pipe in the chimney, which already extracts part of the heat that is usually lost by the exhaust gas escaping here, so that this heat can be used for any purpose can be. The additional device from a combined storage-sedimentation tank and optionally reaction tank brings further advantages, since the solid compounds washed out with the washing water and formed by the further treatment settle during the standstill periods of the burner. When the burner is out of operation, the washing liquid circulation is also switched off. The fine solids, because these are usually, are deposited in the storage tank from the dormant washing liquid and are only sporadically removed from here during downtimes. In this way, the separation is more complete than when the solids are withdrawn during the liquid circulation, as is the case with known methods and systems. This measure also simplifies and improves the method according to the invention compared to the prior art. By disposing a reaction chamber in the storage container, the used washing liquid returned to the storage container can be completely or at least partially regenerated.

Ein weiteres Problem kann mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren gelöst werden. Die Kondensationswärme der Verbrennungsgase kann nur dann optimal genutzt werde, wenn tatsächlich Flüssigkeit, in der Regel Wasser, auskondensiert. Da dies aber zu einer unerwünschten Zunahme der im Kreislauf geführten Waschflüssigkeit führen würde, wird die der Waschflüssigkeit entzogene Wärmemenge so geregelt, dass die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit zum Teil unter und zum Teil über dem Taupunkt der Rauch- bzw. Abgase liegt. Auf diese Weise wird .einerseits Feuchtigkeit aus den Abgasen in das Waschwasser kondensiert und andererseits Wasser aus dem Waschwasser in die Rauch- bzw. Abgase verdampft. Die über Wärmetauscher der Waschflüssigkeit entzogene Wärmemenge wird zweckmässig über einen dem Speicherbehälter zugeordneten Niveauschalter geregelt und somit die Temperatur-der Waschflüssigkeit und deren Menge gesteuert. Demzufolge wird der Kreislauf auf einem im wesentlichen bestimmten Niveau gehalten und ein sorgfältiges Dosieren der zum Waschen erforderlichen Zusätze ist auch aus diesem Grund nicht erforderlich. Dabei wird bei Beginn, das heisst bei Anfahren der Feuerungsanlage unter dem Taupunkt gearbeitet, während nach Erwärmung der Waschflüssigkeit eine Waschtemperatur eingestellt wird, die über dem Taupunkt liegt.Another problem can be solved with the method according to the invention. The heat of condensation of the combustion gases can only be optimally used if liquid, usually water, actually condenses out. However, since this would lead to an undesirable increase in the washing liquid circulating, the amount of heat extracted from the washing liquid is regulated in such a way that the temperature of the liquid is partly below and partly above the dew point of the flue gases or exhaust gases. In this way, on the one hand, moisture from the exhaust gases is condensed into the wash water and, on the other hand, water from the wash water is evaporated into the smoke or exhaust gases. The amount of heat withdrawn from the washing liquid via heat exchangers is expediently regulated via a level switch assigned to the storage tank, and thus the temperature and the amount of the washing liquid are controlled. As a result, the circuit is maintained at a substantially certain level and careful dosing of the additives required for washing is not necessary for this reason either. Work is started below the dew point at the start of the combustion system, while a washing temperature is set above the dew point after the washing liquid has been heated.

Auf diese Weise wird in einem rationell arbeitenden Kreislauf durch Anordnung einfacher Baueinheiten auch in Klein- und Mittelfeuerungsanlagen eine sehr gute Abgasreinigung und gleichzeitig eine erhöhte Energieausnutzung gewährleistet. Ein gemauerter Kamin ist nicht mehr unbedingt erforderlich, sondern es genügt ein ummanteltes Abgasrohr, beispielsweise aus rostfreiem Stahl.In this way, very efficient exhaust gas cleaning and, at the same time, increased energy utilization are ensured in an efficient circuit by arranging simple structural units, even in small and medium-sized combustion plants. A brick chimney is no longer absolutely necessary, but a jacketed exhaust pipe, for example made of stainless steel, is sufficient.

Die Erfindung wird anhand einer in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsformen einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 einen schematischen Aufriss einer zwischen einem Kessel einer Feuerungsanlage und einem Speicherbehälter für Waschflüssigkeit angeordneten Vorrichtung ; und
  • Figur 2 einen schematischen Aufriss eines an die Vorrichtung angeschlossenen Speicherbehälters, der gleichzeitig als Sedimentations- und Reaktionsbehälter ausgelegt ist.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment of a device for carrying out the method which is shown schematically in the drawings. Show it :
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic elevation of a device arranged between a boiler of a combustion system and a storage container for washing liquid; and
  • Figure 2 is a schematic elevation of a storage container connected to the device, which is simultaneously designed as a sedimentation and reaction container.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen in einem Kessel 2 angeordneten konventionellen Ölbrenner 1 einer Feuerungsanlage, der die Waschanlage nach-, geschaltet ist. Der Kessel 2, der beispielsweise zum Erwärmen von Brauch- und Heizungswasser dient, ist mit einem Brauchwasservorlauf 3 und einer Brauchwasserspeiseleitung 4 sowie einem Heizungsvorlauf 5 und einem Heizungsrücklauf 6 ausgerüstet. Der Kessel 2 ist an einem Kamin 8 angeschlossen, der gemauert, aber auch lediglich als Mantel für eine Abgasleitung 9 ausgebildet sein kann. Diese Abgasleitung 9 ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Waschverfahrens. Sie führt vom unteren Bereich des Kamins 8 nach oben, vorzugsweise im wesentlichen durch die gesamte Länge des Kamins 8 und wird von den vom Ölbrenner 1 stammenden Abgasen durchströmt. Für das mit Zusätzen zum Binden des AbgasSchadstoffe versetzte Waschwasser ist ein ausserhalb des Kamins 8, zweckmässig an dessen unterem Ende, angeordneter Speicherbehälter 16 vorgesehen, von dem eine Leitung 12 für das Waschwasser in einen oberen Bereich in die Abgasleitung 9 mündet. In der Nähe des Austritts aus dem Speicherbehälter 16 ist in der Leitung 12 eine Pumpe 13 und anschliessend an diese ein Luftinjektor 15 eingebaut. Der Eintritt der Leitung 12 in die Abgasleitung 9 ist vorzugsweise mit einer Sprühvorrichtung 10 versehen, die vorteilhafterweise sternförmig angeordnete Sprüharme 11 aufweist. Aus einem unteren, nach aussen verschlossenen Bereich der Abgasleitung 9 führt eine Abflussleitung 14 zum Speicherbehälter 16 zurück. Die Waschflüssigkeit wird mit Hilfe der Pumpe 13 aus dem Speicherbehälter 16 in die Abgasleitung 9 eingedüst.1 schematically shows a conventional oil burner 1 of a firing system arranged in a boiler 2, which is connected downstream of the washing system. The boiler 2, which is used, for example, for heating domestic and heating water, is equipped with a domestic water supply 3 and a domestic water feed line 4 as well as a heating supply 5 and a heating return 6. The boiler 2 is connected to a chimney 8, which is bricked, but can also be designed only as a jacket for an exhaust pipe 9. This exhaust pipe 9 is an essential part of the device for carrying out the washing process. It leads from the lower region of the chimney 8 upwards, preferably essentially through the entire length of the chimney 8 and is from the Exhaust gases flowing from oil burner 1. For the wash water mixed with additives for binding the exhaust gas pollutants, a storage container 16 is provided outside the chimney 8, expediently at its lower end, from which a line 12 for the wash water opens into an upper region in the exhaust line 9. In the vicinity of the outlet from the storage container 16, a pump 13 is installed in the line 12 and then an air injector 15 is installed thereon. The entry of line 12 into exhaust line 9 is preferably provided with a spray device 10, which advantageously has spray arms 11 arranged in a star shape. A drain line 14 leads back to the storage tank 16 from a lower area of the exhaust gas line 9 which is closed off from the outside. The washing liquid is injected from the storage container 16 into the exhaust pipe 9 with the aid of the pump 13.

Eine praktische Ausführungsform sieht eine Abgasleitung 9 mit einer mindestens der Kaminhöhe entsprechenden - Länge, vorteilhafterweise 6 m oder mehr vor. Der Durchmesser einer solchen Abgasleitung 9 beträgt etwa 15 cm. Eine Schadstoffe des Abgases bindende Waschflüssigkeit ist vorzugsweise eine Kalklösung, in der gebrannter Kalk und Wasser im Verhältnis 40 g Kalk auf 1 Liter Wasser und Ameisensäure im Verhältnis 50g Ameisensäure auf 40 g Kalk vorhanden ist.A practical embodiment provides an exhaust pipe 9 with a length at least corresponding to the chimney height, advantageously 6 m or more. The diameter of such an exhaust pipe 9 is approximately 15 cm. A scrubbing liquid which binds pollutants in the exhaust gas is preferably a lime solution in which burnt lime and water are present in a ratio of 40 g of lime to 1 liter of water and formic acid in a ratio of 50 g of formic acid to 40 g of lime.

Hinter der Pumpe 13 in der Leitung 12 in Strömungsrichtung gesehen, wird in das Waschwasser Luft eingebracht, beispeilweise durch den Luftinjektor 15, um die erforderliche Oxidation in der Lösung duchzuführen.Air is introduced into the wash water downstream of the pump 13 in the line 12, for example through the air injector 15, in order to carry out the required oxidation in the solution.

Die Brauchwassereinspeisung 17 wird durch den Speicherbehälter 16 geführt und geht in die Brauchwasser-Speiseleitung 4 über, die in den Kessel 2 eintritt. Der Rücklauf 18 des Heizungswassers führt ebenfalls durch den Speicherbehälter 16 und von hier zum Heizungsrücklauf 6, der in den Kessel 2 mündet.The process water feed 17 is passed through the storage tank 16 and passes into the process water feed line 4, which enters the boiler 2. The return 18 of the heating water also leads through the storage tank 16 and from here to the heating return 6, which opens into the boiler 2.

In der Verbindung zwischen dem Kessel 2 und der Abgasleitung 9, die vorzugsweise als Kaminstutzen 19 ausgelegt ist, ist ein Wärmetauscher 7 eingesetzt, der bereits beim Eintritt der aus dem Kessel 2 kommenden Abgase diesen Wärme entzieht. Das dabei im Wärmetauscher erwärmte Medium kann irgendwelcher Nutzung zugeführt werden.In the connection between the boiler 2 and the exhaust pipe 9, which is preferably designed as a chimney nozzle 19, a heat exchanger 7 is used, which removes this heat as soon as the exhaust gases coming from the boiler 2 enter. The medium heated in the heat exchanger can be used for any purpose.

Schliesslich trägt zur optimalen Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens auch die Ausbildung des Speicherbehälters 16 bei, der so ausgelegt sein kann, dass hier nicht nur die Waschflüssigkeit gespeichert wird, sondern darin während des Stillstands der Feuerungsanlage die Feststoffe nach unten fallen und gesammelt werden. Ferner kann dieser Speicherbehälter 16 auch mit einer Reaktionskammer ausgestattet sein.Finally, the design of the storage container 16 also contributes to the optimal implementation of the method according to the invention, which can be designed in such a way that not only the washing liquid is stored here, but the solids fall down therein and are collected during the shutdown of the combustion system. Furthermore, this storage container 16 can also be equipped with a reaction chamber.

In Fig. ist ein kombinierter Speicher-, Sedimentations- und Reaktionsbehälter 16 schematisch gezeigt. Abgedeutet ist hier der Kessel 2 der Feuerungsanlage sowie der Kamin 8, in dem die Abgasleitung 9 (Fig. 1) geführt ist und in den die Leitung 12 für die aus dem Speicherbehälter 16 kommende Waschflüssigkeit mündet.A combined storage, sedimentation and reaction container 16 is shown schematically in FIG. The boiler 2 of the firing system and the chimney 8 in which the exhaust pipe 9 (FIG. 1) is guided and into which the pipe 12 for the washing liquid coming from the storage tank 16 opens are shown here.

Der Speicher-, Sedimentations- und Reaktionsbehälter 16 besteht aus drei Abteilungen, nämlich der Kammer 20 für die aus der Abgasleitung 9 über die Abflussleitung 14 zurückfliessende Waschflüssigkeit. Unterhalb dieser Kammer 20 ist der Schlammraum 21 und über der Kammer 20 befindet sich ein mit Calciumcarbonat (CaC02) gefüllte Vorratsraum 22. In der Kammer 20 ist ein Wärmetauscher 23, beispielsweise für Brauchwasser, vorgesehen, in den die Ein- bzw. Austrittsleitungen 17, 18 für ein Medium führen, das zur Wärmerückgewinnung verwendet wird. Die Pumpe 13 ist im unteren Bereich der in die Abgasleitung 9 führenden Leitung 12 für das Waschwasser angeordnet und nachgeschaltet ist der Luftinjektor 15. Der kombinierten Speicher-, Sedimentations- und Reaktionsbehälter ist ein Niveauschalter LIS zugeordnet, der wie bereits erwähnt zur Regelung und Steuerung des Durchflusses des Mediums zur Wärmerückgewinnung vorgesehen .ist. Dabei ist die Einstellung derart, dass die Temperatur der Waschflüssigkeit teilweise unter und teilweise über dem Taupunkt der Abgase liegt, so dass entweder Feuchtigkeit aus den Abgasen in das Waschwasser kondensiert oder Wasser aus dem Waschwasser in die Abgase verdampft. Niveauschalter dieser Art sind bekannt.The storage, sedimentation and reaction container 16 consists of three departments, namely the chamber 20 for the washing liquid flowing back from the exhaust pipe 9 via the drain pipe 14. Below this chamber 20 is the sludge chamber 21 and above the chamber 20 there is a storage chamber 22 filled with calcium carbonate (CaC0 2 ). In the chamber 20 there is a heat exchanger 23, for example for process water, into which the inlet and outlet lines 17 , 18 lead for a medium that is used for heat recovery. The pump 13 is arranged in the lower region of the line 12 leading into the exhaust gas line 9 for the washing water and the air injector 15 is arranged downstream Flow of the medium for heat recovery is provided. The setting is such that the temperature of the scrubbing liquid is partly below and partly above the dew point of the exhaust gases, so that either moisture from the exhaust gases condenses into the washing water or water from the washing water evaporates into the exhaust gases. Level switches of this type are known.

Im folgenden wird ein Beispiel eines Verfahrensablaufs beschrieben.An example of a process flow is described below.

Das beim Ölbrenner 1 entstehende Abgas enthält S02, wobei bekannterweise beim Verbrennen von 1 Kg Öl bis zu etwa 3 Liter S02-Gas erzeugt wird. Dieses, die Umwelt stark belastende Schwefelgas soll und muss entfernt werden. Das den Kaminstutzen 19 durchströmende, etwa bis zu 300 °C heisse Abgas, wird zunächst durch den in dieser Zuleitung befindlichen Wärmetauscher 7 gekühlt. Dieser ist vorzugsweise so ausgelegt, dass eine Abkühlung des Abgases auf beispielsweise 50 bis 80 °C erfolgt. Mit dieser Temperatur gelangt das Abgas in die Abgasleitung 9. - Der Wärmetauscher 7 kann von Wasser durchströmt sein, das sich durch Wärmeaustausch erwärmt und dieses warme Wasser kann zu verschiedenen Zwecken, wie für Gebäudeheizung, Brauchwassererwärmung, Schwimmbadheizung und dergleichen verwendet werden.The resulting exhaust gas in the oil burner 1 contains S0 2 , which is known to produce up to about 3 liters of S0 2 gas when burning 1 kg of oil. This sulfur gas, which pollutes the environment, should and must be removed. The exhaust gas flowing through the chimney nozzle 19, which is hot up to about 300 ° C., is first cooled by the heat exchanger 7 located in this feed line. This is preferably designed such that the exhaust gas is cooled to, for example, 50 to 80 ° C. At this temperature, the exhaust gas reaches the exhaust pipe 9. - The heat exchanger 7 can be flowed through by water that heats up through heat exchange and this warm water can be used for various purposes, such as for building heating, domestic water heating, swimming pool heating and the like.

Das im ersten Wärmetauscher 7 gekühlte Abgas strömt in der Abgasleitung 9 nach oben, entgegen der Waschflüssigkeit, die ein Calciumformat enthält und durch die Sprühvorrichtung 10 verteilt von oben nach unten in der Abgasleitung 9 fliesst. Während dieser Gegenströmung reagiert das im Abgas enthaltene . Schwefeldioxid mit den Ca2+ -lonen der Waschflüssigkeit.The exhaust gas cooled in the first heat exchanger 7 flows upward in the exhaust line 9, counter to the washing liquid which contains a calcium format and flows through the spray device 10 from top to bottom in the exhaust line 9. The gas contained in the exhaust gas reacts during this counterflow. Sulfur dioxide with the Ca 2+ ions of the washing liquid.

Entsprechend den durch das Schwefeldioxid gebundenen Ca2+-lonen entsteht freie Ameisensäure. Auf dem Weg der Waschflüssigkeit durch den kombinierten Speicher-, Sedimentations- und.Reaktionsbehälter 16 (Fig. 2) reagiert diese freie Ameisensäure mit dem Calciumcarbonat im Vorratsraum 22. Entsprechend der in der Abgasleitung 9 gebildeten freien Ameisensäure werden aus dem Calciumcarbonat Ca2+-lonen gelöst, so dass eine regenerierte Waschlösung der Abgasleitung 9 zugeführt wird.Free formic acid is formed in accordance with the Ca 2 + ions bound by the sulfur dioxide. Reacts on the way of the washing liquid through the combined storage, sedimentation and reaction container 16 (FIG. 2) this free formic acid with the calcium carbonate in the storage space 22. In accordance with the free formic acid formed in the exhaust line 9, Ca 2 + ions are dissolved from the calcium carbonate, so that a regenerated washing solution is supplied to the exhaust line 9.

In der im Kamin 8 angeordneten Abgasleitung 9 (Fig. 1) ist zweckmässig ein Waschmitteisammeltricher 25 (Fig. 2) vorgesehen, aus dem die mit gebundenem Schwefeldioxid aus dem Abgas angereicherte Waschflüssigkeit über die Abflussleitung 14 in die Kammer 20 des kombinierten Speicherbehälters 16 gelangt. Das bei der Absorption des Schwelfeldioxids unter Luftsauerstoff gebildete Calciumsulfat (Gips) setzt sich insbesondere während der Brennerstillstandsperioden, bei denen auch der Umlauf der Waschflüssigkeit abgeschaltet ist, am Boden des Sedimentationsbehälters, also in dessen Schlammraum 21 ab. Die Schlammschicht wird zweckmässig durch einen Abdecktrichter 24 gegenüber dem restlichen Behälterraum abgedeckt, um beim Waschflüssigkeitsumlauf keinen abgesetzten Schlamm aufzuwirbeln. Am Boden des Schlammraumes 21 kann in entsprechenden Zeiträumen der abgesetzte Feststoff abgezogen werden. Durch entsprechende Zusatzstoffe zur Waschflüssigkeit können auch andere Schadstoffe den Rauch- und Abgasen entzogen werden.In the exhaust gas line 9 arranged in the chimney 8 (FIG. 1), a detergent funnel 25 (FIG. 2) is expediently provided, from which the washing liquid enriched with bound sulfur dioxide from the exhaust gas reaches the chamber 20 of the combined storage tank 16 via the drain line 14. The calcium sulfate (gypsum) formed during the absorption of the sulfur dioxide under atmospheric oxygen settles on the bottom of the sedimentation container, that is to say in its sludge chamber 21, in particular during the burner downtimes, in which the circulation of the washing liquid is also switched off. The sludge layer is expediently covered by a cover funnel 24 opposite the remaining container space in order not to whirl up any settled sludge during the washing liquid circulation. At the bottom of the sludge space 21, the settled solid can be drawn off in corresponding periods. By adding additives to the washing liquid, other pollutants can also be extracted from the smoke and exhaust gases.

Durch das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren und die dazu erforderliche einfache Anlage kann in wirtschaftlicher Weise ein weitgehender Entzug des Schwefeldioxidgehalts in Abgasen auch in kleinen und mittleren Feuerungsanlagen erreicht werden, wobei noch wesentliche Wärmemengen durch Wärmeaustausch in zwei Stufen, nämlich vor dem Waschvorgang und während des Waschvorganges, rückgewonnen und nutzbar gemacht werden können. Schliesslich kann auch die Waschflüssigkeit ganz oder teilweise regeneriert werden.With the method according to the invention and the simple system required for this, the sulfur dioxide content in exhaust gases can also be largely removed in small and medium-sized combustion plants, with substantial amounts of heat being recovered by heat exchange in two stages, namely before the washing process and during the washing process and can be used. Finally, the washing liquid can also be regenerated in whole or in part.

Claims (8)

1. Process for the purification of waste gas and for heat recovery, in particular from a firing installation, wherein the waste gas in contacted with a circulation scrubbing fluid coming from a storage vessel and containing additives which bind the pollutants contained in the waste gas, whereby heat is removed simultaneously from the waste gas, and the compounds thus formed.in the scrubbing fluid are oxidised and removed from the circulation, characterised in that the scrubbing fluid is introduced into an upper space of a stack or a waste gas duct leading through essentially the entire length of the stack, and is passed from there in counter-current to the waste gas introduced into a lower space of the stack or the waste gas duct and flowing upwards, the scrubbing fluid collected in the lower space of the stack enriched with the bound pollutants is passed in the return into the storage vessel and the purified and cooled waste gas escapes through the stack.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the spent scrubbing fluid flowing back into the storage vessel after the scrubbing step is regenerated in the storage vessel.
3. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that heat is removed from the waste gas in two stages, specifically first between the exit from a boiler and the inlet into the waste gas duct in the stack and then during the scrubbing step, during which the scrubbing fluid is passed in counter-current to the rising waste gas.
4. Process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the quantity of heat removed from the scrubbing fluid is controlled by holding the temperature of part of the scrubbing fluid below the dew point of the waste gases, moisture from the waste gases being condensed into the scrubbing fluid, and holding the temperature of the other part above the dew point of the waste gas, water being vaporised from the scrubbing water.
5. Process according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a scrubbing fluid consisting of lime and water in the ratio of 40 g of burnt lime to 1 litre of water and of formic acid in the ratio of . 50 g of formic acid to 40 g of lime is used.
6. Equipment for carrying out the process for the purification of waste gas and for heat recovery, in particular from a firing installation according to claim 1, wherein the waste gas is contacted with a circulating scrubbing fluid coming from a storage vessel and containing additives which bind the pollutants contained in the waste gas, whereby heat is removed simultaneously from the waste gas, and the compounds thus formed in the scrubbing fluid are oxidised and removed from the circulation, whereby the scrubbing fluid is introduced into an upper space of a stack or a waste gas duct leading through essentially the entire length of the stack, and is passed from here in counter-current to the waste gas introduced into a lower space of the stack or the waste gas duct and flowing upwards, the scrubbing-fluid collected in the lower space of the stack enriched with the bound pollutants is passed in the return into the storage vessel and the purified and cooled waste gas escapes through the stack, whereby the equipment comprises a storage vessel (16) containing the scrubbing fluid as well as a connecting line leading into a purifying chamber and a return line for the scrubbing fluid leading from said chamber back into the storage vessel (16), and further a connection (19) for the waste gas from the tank of a boiler (2) of the firing installation to the purifying chamber, characterised in that the connection (19) leads from the boiler into the lower space of the purifying chamber, whereas the purifying chamber is formed of the stack (8) itself or of a waste gas duct (9) installed in the stack (8) and leads through essentially the entire length thereof, a line (12) for the scrubbing fluid starting from the storage vessel (16) is taken into an upper space of the purifying chamber, and an outlet line (14) leading back into the storage vessel (16) is provided in a lower region of said purifying chamber.
7. Equipment according to claim 6, characterised in that the line (12) for the scrubbing fluid passes in the stack (8) from the bottom upwards next to the waste gas duct (9) and oppens into a spray device (10) directed towards and into the waste gas duct (9).
8. Equipment according to claim 6, characterised in that the storage vessel (16) is designed as a combined stock vessel, sedimentation vessel and reaction vessel having a stock chamber (20) for a scrubbing fluid, a sludge space (21) for sedimenting solids, and a stock space (22) containing calcium carbonate for regenerating the scrubbing fluid.
EP83102457A 1982-03-16 1983-03-12 Method of purifying exhaust gases and for the recuperation of heat, and device for carrying out this method Expired EP0089036B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83102457T ATE20493T1 (en) 1982-03-16 1983-03-12 METHOD FOR PURIFYING EXHAUST GASES AND HEAT RECOVERY AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1647/82 1982-03-16
CH164782 1982-03-16

Publications (2)

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EP0089036A1 EP0089036A1 (en) 1983-09-21
EP0089036B1 true EP0089036B1 (en) 1986-06-18

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EP83102457A Expired EP0089036B1 (en) 1982-03-16 1983-03-12 Method of purifying exhaust gases and for the recuperation of heat, and device for carrying out this method

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EP (1) EP0089036B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE20493T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3216561A1 (en)
DK (1) DK524083D0 (en)
NO (1) NO832788L (en)
WO (1) WO1983003295A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1183737B (en) * 1984-02-15 1987-10-22 Silvano Cappi FUME BLAST CHILLER FOR BURNER-BOILER UNITS WITH GASEOUS OR LIQUID FUEL
DE3419735C2 (en) * 1984-05-26 1986-07-17 GEA Luftkühlergesellschaft Happel GmbH & Co, 4630 Bochum Device for shifting energy for a desulfurization plant
DE3731895A1 (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-06-08 Rolf Kresel Device for purifying exhaust gases and utilising the residual heat from exhaust gases
JPH04504976A (en) * 1989-02-15 1992-09-03 コタ，ジョージ，ミクロス METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THE REMOVAL OF AIR POLLUTION
DE19709804A1 (en) * 1997-03-10 1998-09-17 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Method and device for using the residual heat of an exhaust gas from a furnace
DE19837269A1 (en) * 1998-08-17 2000-02-24 Rupert Merkl Cleaning of exhaust gas from domestic oil or gas fired water heaters by water sprays comprises regenerative heat exchange for the boiler feed water
GB0124669D0 (en) * 2001-10-13 2001-12-05 Robertson Alastair Improved secondary heat exchanger for water boiler
GB2394039B (en) * 2002-10-09 2004-09-22 Alastair Robertson Improved heating system
DE102004005194B3 (en) * 2004-02-03 2005-04-28 Gerhard Luther Using residual heat of exhaust gas from heat generator involves using exhaust gas pipe of furnace or other heat generating system as water-exhaust gas heat exchanger operated as water condensation cooler
EP1809967B1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2013-01-09 Zenex Technologies Ltd. Use of a heat exchanger wih a condensing boiler
CN111578301B (en) * 2019-02-19 2022-08-09 北京热科能源技术研究有限公司 Flue gas waste heat recovery system

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FR1174864A (en) * 1957-05-09 1959-03-17 A flue gas purification process, by mechanical processes
US3386798A (en) * 1964-11-30 1968-06-04 American Standard Inc Method of removing sulfur compounds and precovering heat from combustion gases
US3632306A (en) * 1969-02-18 1972-01-04 Chemical Construction Corp Removal of sulfur dioxide from waste gases
DE2217317B2 (en) * 1972-04-11 1979-06-13 Heinz Ing.(Grad.) 4390 Gladbeck Hoelter Process for cleaning exhaust gas containing sulfur dioxide
DE2241623C3 (en) * 1972-08-24 1979-01-04 Davy Bamag Gmbh, 6308 Butzbach Process for cleaning exhaust gases from waste incineration plants
DE2323508A1 (en) * 1973-05-10 1974-11-28 Heinz Hoelter PROCESS FOR SCRUBBISHING SO2, HC1, FLUORINE, DUST AND SIMILAR SMOKE GAS COMPANIES
DE2360130A1 (en) * 1973-12-03 1975-06-05 Otto Huthmann Exhaust gas pollutant separator - has water spray cloud zone directly after heating boiler, with gas recirculation to combustion space
DE2532373C3 (en) * 1975-07-19 1983-12-08 Hölter, Heinz, Dipl.-Ing., 4390 Gladbeck Method and device for cleaning flue gases and other exhaust gases containing sulfur dioxide
DE2512233C3 (en) * 1975-03-20 1981-06-04 Fröling GmbH & Co Kessel-Apparatebau, 5063 Overath Device for utilizing the flue gases of a fuel-heated boiler
CH583881A5 (en) * 1975-07-04 1977-01-14 Von Roll Ag
DE3023812A1 (en) * 1980-06-25 1982-01-14 Heat Extractor Corp., Johnsville, N.Y. Extracting heat from waste gas - using two heat exchange steps and avoiding prodn. of corrosive liq.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO832788L (en) 1983-09-29
DE3216561A1 (en) 1983-09-29
DK524083A (en) 1983-11-16
ATE20493T1 (en) 1986-07-15
EP0089036A1 (en) 1983-09-21
WO1983003295A1 (en) 1983-09-29
DK524083D0 (en) 1983-11-16
DE3364139D1 (en) 1986-07-24

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