EP0084967A2 - Funkverbindungssystem - Google Patents
Funkverbindungssystem Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0084967A2 EP0084967A2 EP83300320A EP83300320A EP0084967A2 EP 0084967 A2 EP0084967 A2 EP 0084967A2 EP 83300320 A EP83300320 A EP 83300320A EP 83300320 A EP83300320 A EP 83300320A EP 0084967 A2 EP0084967 A2 EP 0084967A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radio
- sequence
- frequency
- sets
- random number
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K1/00—Secret communication
- H04K1/003—Secret communication by varying carrier frequency at or within predetermined or random intervals
Definitions
- This invention relates to radio communication apparatus and particularly to such apparatus in which the carrier frequency is changed periodically in an attempt to maintain security and overcome jamming of the radio transmission.
- Such periodic frequency cheanging is called hopping.
- Each radio set in the network may be adapted to operate on a common hop-set according to its own pseudo-random sequence thus giving what is called a random hopping system.
- a random hopping system In this system, statistically predictable interference occurs as a result of random frequency coincidences when two communications are being conducted simultaneously.
- UK Patent Applicaion Serial No. 2103052 describes a random frequency hopping system in which such random interference is avoided without serious damage to the transmission.
- crthogonal is one in which both the hop-set and the pseudo-random sequence is common to each radio set in the network. Some means then has to be employed to prevent continuous interference between the channels used in simultaneous communications. Such a system is described in UK Patent Application Serial No. 2101847.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a random frequency hopping system which permits simultaneous non-interfering conversations in a radio network.
- a frequency-hopping radio communication system comprises a plurality of radio transmitter/receiver sets having means for changing their operating frequencies periodically, in synchronism, and according to a common main-line pseudo-random channel sequence, each radio set having means for modifying its operating channel sequence to a side track sequence dependent upon the point in said main line sequence at which the modification is initiated and means for transmitting a signal to a selected other radio set to initiate said side track sequence in the receiving radio set at the sane instant as in the transmitting radio set, both radio sets being arranged to revert to the main-line channel secuence on termination of the transmission.
- the modification may be effected by a change in a feedback path of a pseudo-random number generator in each radio set which generator determines the operating channel sequence of the radio set.
- a real time clock 1 steps a random number generator 2 through a pseudo random number sequence, the output number at any instant being determined by the original number, i.e. the key variable, with which the random number generator was loaded, and the time elapsed since that occurrence.
- All radio sets in the network are loaded with the same key variable and their clocks are initially synchronised, so that all radio sets will produce the same pseudo-random number sequence in synchronism. There may be a very slight phase drift between the number sequences of the different radio sets if they should run on for a substantial time without communication but this is accommodated as will be seen.
- Each radio set has a stored table 3 of permitted frequencies, i.e. a large random selection of the total possible channels in the band. This hop-set is again common to all radios of the network.
- the table 3 is addressed by each multi-digit random number as it arises and the resulting channel frequency identity is applied to a transmitter/receiver radio 14 which is frequency agile and electronically tunable.
- the operating frequency thus changes periodically and synchronously for all radios of the network in accordance with the number sequence provided by a number generator. This common basic sequence will be referred to as the main-line sequence.
- the key variable initially loaded into each random number generator 2 can be changed periodically for different networks on a geographical or other basis.
- the random number generator 2 consists of a shift register with predetermined feedback in known manner.
- a controllable feedback path 4 which, when effective, charges the pattern generated in a predetermined manner.
- This feedback path is controlled by a switch 6, the modified number sequence produced by the generator then depending upon the content of the generator when the modification is initiated.
- a bistable 8 determines the condition of the switch 6, the switch being closed when the bistable is 'set'.
- an absolute time marker is transmitted, a so-called 'bingo' signal. It is the transmission and reception of this signal which initiates the modification of the random number generator 2 in the transmitting and receiving radios.
- the bistable 8 has a set input derived by way of an OR-gate 10 from a 'bingo' detector 12 which monitors the signal received by the basic radio 14. Immediately therefore, on reception of the 'bingo' signal the bistable 8 is set, the switch 6 is closed, and a modified random number sequence is generated dependent upon the content of the generator at the instant of switch closure. At the transmitting radio the bistable 8 is set at the same instant by a signal following the synchronising and addressing preamble. This post-transmission synchronising signal is applied by way of the OR-gate 10.
- Both transmitting and receiving radios are thus modified at the same instant and with the same content in their random number generators.
- the resulting modified sequences which bear no relation to the main-line sequence, are therefore identical and communication can proceed between these two radios. If, of course, transmission to two or more other radios is required this is easily accommodated, by transmission of the respective addresses on the main line sequence.
- Figure 2 shows the effect of closure of the switch 6 on the operating frequency sequences.
- the upper horizontal line indicates the main-line frequency sequence F5 F18 F6 etc ( a typical part of the sequence), the frequency changes occurring at regular intervals determined by the clock. If, for example radio 1 calls radio 2, and the 'bingo' signal arises at the instant of the main-line change to F 4 , then a sidetrack sequence will occur in radios 1 & 2 having typical frequencies F 15 F 10 F 3 etc as shown. These latter changes will occur in synchronism with the main-line changes F 1 F 3 F 10 etc. Radios 1 & 2 will then operate on the modified or sidetrack sequence while the remainder of the radios in the network carry on passively on the main-line sequence.
- radio 3 should call radio 4 and emit a 'bingo' signal at F 12 in the main-line sequence then the content of the random number generators of radios 3 & 4 will at that instant be different from the content of the generators of radios 1 & 2 and consequently a new sidetrack sequence will arise for the operation of radios 3 & 4. No interference between the two communications will arise other than the predictable statistical coincidence of frequencies. As mentioned previously, the system described in Patent Application No. 8119215 will alleviate any troubles arising from this cause.
- an 'end-of-message' code is transmitted, which is detected by a detector 16.
- An output from the detector 16 resets the bistable 8 by way of an OR-gate 18, the switch 6 opens, and the generator 2 reverts to the production of the main-line sequence in the same phase as if it had not been interrupted.
- a transmit key input 20 also serves to reset the bistable 8 by way of OR-gate 18 to ensure that on transmission the radio is operating on the main-line sequence i.e. on which all other (passive) radios are listening for their address code.
- the system described has the significant feature, in contrast with fixed frequency radio systems, that an ongoing selective communication does not prevent the rest of the net communicating, or setting up selective calls of their own, since the sequence of frequencies used to set up calls, the main line sequence, is unrelated to the sequence of frequencies used for the message, the side- track sequence. Furthermore, there are as many different sidetrack sequences as there are points of departure from the main line sequence, the only limiting factor to their use being the acceptability of interference caused by the statistical probability that two or more sequences will alight on the same frequency at the same time.
- the main-line sequence could be rendered unavailable to a large extent by constantly switching a captured radio between transmit and receive.
- Software or hardware traps may be built into the radio to prevent a captured radio being switched in this way. Such a trap may for instance cause erasure of the key variable upon detection of such behaviour.
- a captured radio may, of course, be modified by the enemy to bypass these traps; but that would involve laboratory work, and by the time the radio was returned to the field, the key variable would no longer be current. It may also be made extremely difficult to extract the key variable from one radio in order to transfer it to a modified radio.
- retransmission is often employed, whereby the signal is received from the initiating transmitter on one frequency, and relayed on another frequency.
- Two conventional radio sets may be connected back-to-back to provide such an automatic relay station, as illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 3.
- single frequency simplex is used on each leg of the path, and the relaying transmitter is keyed only when the receiver detects the presence of a valid signal. Since the two legs of the relay path must be on different frequencies to provide adequate isolation between the co-sited transmitter and receiver, the frequency on which a receiving station should best listen depends on its geographical position, i.e., whether it is nearer to the initiating station or the appropriate relay site.
- a mobile station may have to change frequency according to position.
- the relay station may comprise two radio sets B & C each as aforesaid but modified in that set B is made receptive to all transmissions irrespective of address, any valid transmission so received on the main line sequence causing conversion to a sidetrack sequence at the BINGO code reception.
- the first radio link in the relay process, . between the originating station A and the relay station B/C is then operated on a first side track sequence. un such valid reception the transmitting set C of the relay station is caused to initiate re-transmission on the main line sequence, of the synchronising and address preamble, the address being that of the out-station D, relayed from the originating station A.
- both set C and out-station set D switch to a side-track sequence which is different from that in operation between the AB link since it arisee at a later time. There is again, therefore, no interference between the AB transmission and the CD tranemission.
- Bets A & D are interchanged and the operation proceeds exactly as before.
- the mobile radio set D will lock onto the firat synchronisation preamble which it receives successfully whether from the initiating station A or the relay statice B/C. As it moves out of range of one relay site and into the coverage zone of another, no action is thus required by the operator to pick up the new relay link.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Reduction Or Emphasis Of Bandwidth Of Signals (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83300320T ATE13789T1 (de) | 1982-01-27 | 1983-01-21 | Funkverbindungssystem. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8202357 | 1982-01-27 | ||
GB8202357 | 1982-01-27 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0084967A2 true EP0084967A2 (de) | 1983-08-03 |
EP0084967A3 EP0084967A3 (en) | 1983-08-10 |
EP0084967B1 EP0084967B1 (de) | 1985-06-12 |
Family
ID=10527920
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83300320A Expired EP0084967B1 (de) | 1982-01-27 | 1983-01-21 | Funkverbindungssystem |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0084967B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS58161438A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE13789T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU553652B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3360246D1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2114402B (de) |
IN (1) | IN159180B (de) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0247790A2 (de) * | 1986-05-27 | 1987-12-02 | Fairchild Weston Systems Inc. | Sicherheitskommunikationssystem für mehrere entfernte Geräte |
EP0476129A1 (de) * | 1990-04-04 | 1992-03-25 | LUND, Van Metre | Übertragungssystem |
EP0667695A4 (de) * | 1991-08-23 | 1995-05-29 | Toshiba Kk | Funkinformations- und kommunikationssystem mit einem mehrträger-spreizspektrum-übertragungssystem. |
EP0711057A2 (de) * | 1994-11-03 | 1996-05-08 | AT&T Corp. | Schnurloses Telefon zum Betreiben mit mehreren tragbaren Einheiten in einem Frequenzsprungkommunikationssystem |
US5533046A (en) * | 1992-10-08 | 1996-07-02 | Lund; Vanmetre | Spread spectrum communication system |
EP0741464A2 (de) * | 1995-05-02 | 1996-11-06 | Plessey Semiconductors Limited | Synchronisierung der Sende-Empfangsgeräte in einem drahtlosen lokalen Netz nach dem Frquenzsprungverfahren |
WO1999009668A1 (de) * | 1997-08-14 | 1999-02-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und einrichtung zur erzeugung einer zufallszahlensequenz für trägerfrequenzen einer mobilfunkübertragung |
WO1999066653A1 (de) * | 1998-06-18 | 1999-12-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum umsetzen einer zufallszahlen-sequenz in trägerfrequenzen für eine mobilfunkübertragung |
EP0691775A3 (de) * | 1994-07-05 | 2000-08-23 | AT&T Corp. | Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Konfiguration und zum Betreiben eines schnurlosen Telefons in einem Frequenzsprungkommunikationssystem |
WO2001097588A2 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-12-27 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Controlling access to information over a multiband network |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2129655B (en) * | 1982-09-08 | 1986-02-05 | Racal Res Ltd | Improvements in and relating to radio communications |
WO1993021703A1 (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-10-28 | Coachline Video Express Pty Ltd | Signal distribution system |
GB2300547B (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 1999-08-25 | Plessey Semiconductors Ltd | Wireless local area neworks |
GB9513398D0 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1995-09-27 | Boateng Jacob K | Automatic exchangeless universal radio phone |
WO2020261403A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-30 | 日本電気株式会社 | 身長推定装置、身長推定方法及びプログラムが格納された非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体 |
US20240087353A1 (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2024-03-14 | Nec Corporation | Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and non-transitory computer readable medium storing image processing program |
JP7355674B2 (ja) | 2020-02-18 | 2023-10-03 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 映像監視システムおよび映像監視方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1939975A1 (de) * | 1969-08-06 | 1971-02-18 | Licentia Gmbh | System zur UEbertragung von binaercodierten Nachrichten |
US3584303A (en) * | 1968-02-12 | 1971-06-08 | Patelhold Patentverwertung | Step-by-step frequency wobbled and address-coded transmission system |
GB1536868A (en) * | 1974-12-03 | 1978-12-20 | Licentia Gmbh | Method for setting up a quasi-random generator |
-
1983
- 1983-01-18 IN IN30/DEL/83A patent/IN159180B/en unknown
- 1983-01-20 AU AU10623/83A patent/AU553652B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-01-21 AT AT83300320T patent/ATE13789T1/de active
- 1983-01-21 GB GB08301655A patent/GB2114402B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-01-21 EP EP83300320A patent/EP0084967B1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-01-21 DE DE8383300320T patent/DE3360246D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-01-27 JP JP58012093A patent/JPS58161438A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3584303A (en) * | 1968-02-12 | 1971-06-08 | Patelhold Patentverwertung | Step-by-step frequency wobbled and address-coded transmission system |
DE1939975A1 (de) * | 1969-08-06 | 1971-02-18 | Licentia Gmbh | System zur UEbertragung von binaercodierten Nachrichten |
GB1536868A (en) * | 1974-12-03 | 1978-12-20 | Licentia Gmbh | Method for setting up a quasi-random generator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
IEE PROCEEDINGS SECTION A-K, vol. 129, no. 3, part F, June 1982, pages 213-222, Old Woking, Surrey, GB. * |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0247790A2 (de) * | 1986-05-27 | 1987-12-02 | Fairchild Weston Systems Inc. | Sicherheitskommunikationssystem für mehrere entfernte Geräte |
EP0247790A3 (de) * | 1986-05-27 | 1989-02-08 | Fairchild Weston Systems Inc. | Sicherheitskommunikationssystem für mehrere entfernte Geräte |
EP0476129A1 (de) * | 1990-04-04 | 1992-03-25 | LUND, Van Metre | Übertragungssystem |
EP0476129A4 (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1993-08-11 | Van Metre Lund | Communication system |
USRE34831E (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1995-01-17 | Lund; Van Metre | Communication system |
EP0667695A4 (de) * | 1991-08-23 | 1995-05-29 | Toshiba Kk | Funkinformations- und kommunikationssystem mit einem mehrträger-spreizspektrum-übertragungssystem. |
EP0667695A1 (de) * | 1991-08-23 | 1995-08-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Funkinformations- und kommunikationssystem mit einem mehrträger-spreizspektrum-übertragungssystem |
US5561686A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1996-10-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Radio information communication system using multi-carrier spread spectrum transmission system |
US5533046A (en) * | 1992-10-08 | 1996-07-02 | Lund; Vanmetre | Spread spectrum communication system |
EP0691775A3 (de) * | 1994-07-05 | 2000-08-23 | AT&T Corp. | Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Konfiguration und zum Betreiben eines schnurlosen Telefons in einem Frequenzsprungkommunikationssystem |
EP0711057A2 (de) * | 1994-11-03 | 1996-05-08 | AT&T Corp. | Schnurloses Telefon zum Betreiben mit mehreren tragbaren Einheiten in einem Frequenzsprungkommunikationssystem |
EP0711057A3 (de) * | 1994-11-03 | 2000-08-30 | AT&T Corp. | Schnurloses Telefon zum Betreiben mit mehreren tragbaren Einheiten in einem Frequenzsprungkommunikationssystem |
EP0741464A2 (de) * | 1995-05-02 | 1996-11-06 | Plessey Semiconductors Limited | Synchronisierung der Sende-Empfangsgeräte in einem drahtlosen lokalen Netz nach dem Frquenzsprungverfahren |
EP0741464A3 (de) * | 1995-05-02 | 2000-08-02 | Mitel Semiconductor Limited | Synchronisierung der Sende-Empfangsgeräte in einem drahtlosen lokalen Netz nach dem Frquenzsprungverfahren |
WO1999009668A1 (de) * | 1997-08-14 | 1999-02-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und einrichtung zur erzeugung einer zufallszahlensequenz für trägerfrequenzen einer mobilfunkübertragung |
EP1002375A1 (de) * | 1997-08-14 | 2000-05-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und einrichtung zur erzeugung einer zufallszahlensequenz für trägerfrequenzen einer mobilfunkübertragung |
WO1999066653A1 (de) * | 1998-06-18 | 1999-12-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum umsetzen einer zufallszahlen-sequenz in trägerfrequenzen für eine mobilfunkübertragung |
WO2001097588A2 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-12-27 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Controlling access to information over a multiband network |
WO2001097588A3 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2002-05-16 | Sun Microsystems Inc | Controlling access to information over a multiband network |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0234499B2 (de) | 1990-08-03 |
GB2114402A (en) | 1983-08-17 |
IN159180B (de) | 1987-04-04 |
JPS58161438A (ja) | 1983-09-26 |
EP0084967B1 (de) | 1985-06-12 |
EP0084967A3 (en) | 1983-08-10 |
GB2114402B (en) | 1985-06-05 |
DE3360246D1 (en) | 1985-07-18 |
AU553652B2 (en) | 1986-07-24 |
ATE13789T1 (de) | 1985-06-15 |
AU1062383A (en) | 1983-08-04 |
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