EP0082801B1 - Vacuum switch with a ring to create an axial magnetic field - Google Patents

Vacuum switch with a ring to create an axial magnetic field Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0082801B1
EP0082801B1 EP82730139A EP82730139A EP0082801B1 EP 0082801 B1 EP0082801 B1 EP 0082801B1 EP 82730139 A EP82730139 A EP 82730139A EP 82730139 A EP82730139 A EP 82730139A EP 0082801 B1 EP0082801 B1 EP 0082801B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
conducting
vacuum switch
contact
contact body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82730139A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0082801A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Dr. rer. nat. Zückler
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0082801A1 publication Critical patent/EP0082801A1/en
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Publication of EP0082801B1 publication Critical patent/EP0082801B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6644Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having coil-like electrical connections between contact rod and the proper contact
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6642Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having cup-shaped contacts, the cylindrical wall of which being provided with inclined slits to form a coil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum interrupter with two relatively movable, arranged on carrier pins switching element arrangements of cylindrical disk-shaped form, each having a closed contact surface for the arc and a contact body arranged on the back of this contact body, on its circumference galvanically interrupted only once to produce a have axially directed magnetic field, the connection of each ring with the associated carrier bolt and the associated contact body taking place directly starting from the point of galvanic interruption of the ring.
  • a vacuum interrupter of this type is known from US-A-3 818 164.
  • the ring is arranged between two disc-shaped bodies, one of which is fastened to the carrier bolt and the other of which carries a contact body.
  • the ring has an extension immediately adjacent to the location of the galvanic interruption, with which it is conductively connected to the one disk-shaped body fastened to the carrier bolt.
  • the ring is conductively connected to the further disk-shaped body, which carries the contact body, through an extension of this disk-shaped body, and likewise directly adjacent to the separation point of the ring.
  • the annular sector-shaped regions remaining between the ring and the disk-shaped bodies are filled with poorly conductive or insulating ring pieces.
  • the actual contact body has a small diameter compared to the diameter of the contact piece arrangement, as a result of which the current carrying capacity of the contact piece arrangement is limited.
  • Another known contact arrangement also has two disk-shaped bodies, between which there is a field-generating conductor. This has the shape of a ring with diametrically opposite galvanic separation points and a central web connecting the two half rings, which is connected centrally to a carrier bolt. For the current transfer to the actual disk-shaped contact body, the ends of the two half rings are bent out of the ring plane.
  • the most recently described, as well as the previously described contact piece arrangement, has the property that the current transfer to the contact body takes place at its edge.
  • contact bodies which are already available and are provided for central fastening to carrier bolts cannot be used.
  • the invention has for its object to design a contact piece arrangement so that a field-generating ring can be used in connection with such a contact body provided for central attachment and power supply and this is exposed to an axially directed magnetic field as effectively as possible.
  • this object is achieved in a vacuum interrupter of the type mentioned in that the contact body is designed as a pot contact piece with oblique slots, the outer diameter of the pot contact piece corresponding approximately to the inner diameter of the ring and that for connecting each ring with the associated carrier bolt and associated pot contact piece a radially extending conductor piece is provided.
  • Obliquely slotted pot contact pieces as z. B. are described in DE-A-26 38 700, are well-developed and tested components of vacuum interrupters with regard to their properties and their manufacturability. It is therefore a significant relief for the development of a high-performance switching arrangement if one of the components can be taken over practically unchanged. In this way, switching piece arrangements with a high specific switching capacity are obtained, since the oblique slots located within the race of the pot contact pieces cause the arc to circulate on the ring surface. Since the axial magnetic field is already available at the outer edge of the contact body and penetrates the entire annular running surface, the arc does not contract at high currents, so that burn-off and metal vapor formation remain low.
  • the conductor pieces triangular in cross section, such that together fill a rectangle with conductor pieces. If the spreading current forces occurring between the conductor pieces form a problem, the conductor pieces can also be arranged such that there is a distance in the circumferential direction between the junction points in the ring. It is also recommended to fill the parting line of the ring at least locally with non-conductive or poorly conductive support bodies in order to increase the mechanical stability.
  • this fastening element can be made from a non-conductive or poorly conductive material.
  • Figure 1 shows a vacuum interrupter schematically in a longitudinal section.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show an axial section, specifically in FIG. 2 transversely to the radial conductor pieces of the ring and in FIG. 3 in the longitudinal direction of these guide pieces.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of a ring as a single part.
  • FIG. 5 shows a switching piece arrangement with an associated ring pulled apart in a perspective view.
  • the ring which differs from FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, is shown separately in the top view in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows an axial sectional view, corresponding approximately to FIG. 3, of a switching element arrangement which additionally has a support ring.
  • the vacuum interrupter 1 has a vacuum-tight housing 2 which comprises two end-side, essentially hollow cylindrical insulating bodies 3 and 4 made of a ceramic material and a central hollow metal cylinder 5.
  • a movable carrier pin 6 protrudes upward from the housing 2 and is sealed off from the housing 2 by a bellows 7.
  • the carrier bolts 6 and 10 serve as carriers of a movable contact piece arrangement 11 and a fixed contact piece arrangement 12, the corresponding structure of which is described in more detail below.
  • the contact body 14 is a so-called pot contact with a closed running surface, as described for example in DE-A-26 38 700.
  • Essential components of the contact body 14 are a pot-shaped body 15 made of copper, which is provided with oblique slots 16 on its edge.
  • the annular edge of the body 15 is covered with an unslit ring 17, which consists of a chrome-copper composite.
  • a field winding is assigned to the contact carrier 14 and has the shape of a ring 20, the inside diameter of which corresponds approximately to the outside diameter of the contact body 14.
  • This ring is provided with a parting line 21 running obliquely to the ring plane, on the two sides of which two radial conductor pieces in the form of spokes 22 and 23 open into the ring.
  • the spokes 22 and 23 are electrically insulated from one another (FIG. 3). Arrows indicate that the current flowing through the carrier bolt 10 first enters the ring 20 through the spoke 22, flows through the ring and is then conducted back through the spoke 23 to the center of the ring. At this point there is an electrical connection to the bottom 24 of the contact body 14, through which the current reaches the actual ring-shaped contact area.
  • the current flowing through the galvanically open ring 20 generates an axially directed magnetic field which, due to the coordination of the diameters of the contact body 14 and the ring 20, is already effective on the outer edge of the race 17.
  • This magnetic field has the effect of counteracting the contraction of a diffuse arc discharge into a concentrated arc channel.
  • the switching capacity of a vacuum interrupter can be increased considerably as a result of the fact that the race 14 is heated less locally and less metal vapor is released.
  • the arrangement of the oblique slots 16 also contributes to this, which, in conjunction with corresponding opposite slots of the associated further switching element arrangement 11, not shown in FIG. 2, causes the arc to move rapidly over the contact surface of the race 17.
  • a particularly favorable interaction between the slotted contact body 14 and the ring 20 occurs when the slits 16 are designed such that they extend as far as possible into the pot bottom 24 into the center. Then eddy currents, which cause a phase-shifted and thus disturbing magnetic field in the zero crossing of the current, are largely suppressed.
  • the arrangement of the slots can be seen in particular in FIG. 5, where they are designated by 42.
  • the contact body 14 and the ring 20 are arranged axially immediately adjacent.
  • support bodies 25 are arranged, which are made of a poorly conductive or non-conductive material, for. B. ceramic, can be used to support the two parts against each other. and electrically isolate.
  • Similar support bodies 26 are located in the parting line 21 between the spokes 22 and 23, which start from the parting line 21 of the ring 20. An areal In contrast, there is contact between the spoke 23 and the bottom 24 of the contact body 14 because the current is transferred to the contact body here.
  • the assembly is held together by a screw 27 which extends through the bottom 24 of the contact body 14 and the central part of the spokes 22 and 23, and 'in a threaded blind hole 30 of the support bolt 10 is screwed.
  • the corresponding lower end 31 of the screw 27 is designed to be thickened such that there is no contact on the remaining length between the screw 27 and the spokes and the blind hole of the support bolt 10. Thus, only a small part of the current can flow directly from the carrier bolt 10 to the contact body 14, which is lost for the generation of the desired axial magnetic field. If the screw 27 is made of a material with poor electrical conductivity, the loss mentioned can be reduced further.
  • the spokes 22 and 23 are traversed by the current in the opposite direction. This leads to repulsive forces that can be absorbed in a suitable manner. For example, this can be done by arranging one or more screws or similar fasteners 32, which is shown in FIG.
  • the current forces acting on spokes 22 and 23 can be made even more manageable if, instead of the triangular cross-sectional shapes according to FIG. 3, which together form a rectangle, at least part of the radial length of the spokes is designed with a rectangular shape according to FIG. 5 , with the joint between them lying parallel to the contact level.
  • the repulsive forces then only act in the axial direction, while in the shape of the spokes shown in FIG. 3 they also have a tangential component, which act in the sense of an expansion of the ring. In both cases, however, the spokes are superimposed on one another in accordance with FIG. 4.
  • the spokes in a contact piece arrangement 33 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 in such a way that they open into the ring at a distance in the circumferential direction, the repulsive forces are compensated for in the correct design and a ring arrangement largely free of current forces is created.
  • the ring serving as a field winding is designated by 35, the upper spoke to be connected to the bottom of the contact body by 36 and the lower spoke by 37.
  • the operation of this arrangement consists in the fact that on a part of the circumference, namely over the length of the separating joint 40, the same direction of the current exists on both sides thereof, and attractive forces thereby arise.
  • the repulsive forces between the oppositely flowing spokes 36 and 37 are relatively low due to their increased distance.
  • This distribution of the current i entering through the carrier bolt 34 is indicated by arrows both in FIG. 5 and in FIG. 6.
  • the contact body 41 and the ring 35 are shown pulled apart.
  • This contact body corresponds essentially to the already explained contact body 14 according to FIG. 2.
  • the obliquely arranged slots 42 which serve to drive the switching arcs in the circumferential direction by forming a current loop, are extended into the bottom 43 and are extended extend to close to the center.
  • the switching element arrangements of vacuum interrupters are exposed to considerable mechanical stress during operation. If there should therefore be a reason to make the contact piece arrangements described so far mechanically particularly robust, this can be done by a support ring as shown in FIG.
  • the contact piece arrangement as such corresponds to Figures 2 and 3.
  • the support pin 45 is provided with a shoulder 46 on which a z. B. from a ceramic material support ring 47 rests.
  • the support ring 47 is provided with a recess 50 on which the ring 20 serving as a field winding rests.

Description

Die Erfindungs betrifft eine Vakuumschaltröhre mit zwei relativ zueinander bewegbaren, an Trägerbolzen angeordneten Schaltstückanordnungen von zylinderscheibenförmiger Grundform, die jeweils einen eine geschlossene Lauffläche für den Lichtbogen aufweisenden Kontaktkörper und einen an der Rückseite dieses Kontaktkörpers angeordneten, an seinem Umfang nur einmal galvanisch unterbrochenen Ring zur Erzeugung eines axial gerichteten Magnetfeldes aufweisen, wobei die Verbindung jedes Ringes mit dem zugehörigen Trägerbolzen und dem zugehörigen Kontaktkörper unmittelbar ausgehend von der Stelle der galvanischen Unterbrechung des Ringes erfolgt.The invention relates to a vacuum interrupter with two relatively movable, arranged on carrier pins switching element arrangements of cylindrical disk-shaped form, each having a closed contact surface for the arc and a contact body arranged on the back of this contact body, on its circumference galvanically interrupted only once to produce a have axially directed magnetic field, the connection of each ring with the associated carrier bolt and the associated contact body taking place directly starting from the point of galvanic interruption of the ring.

Eine Vakuumschaltröhre dieser Art ist durch die US-A-3 818 164 bekannt geworden. Dabei ist der Ring zwischen zwei scheibenförmigen Körpern angeordnet, von denen der eine an dem Trägerbolzen befestigt ist und von denen der andere einen Kontaktkörper trägt. Der Ring besitzt unmittelbar angrenzend an die Stelle der galvanischen Unterbrechung einen Ansatz, mit dem er mit dem einen, an dem Trägerbolzen befestigten scheibenförmigen Körper leitend verbunden ist. Mit dem weiteren scheibenförmigen Körper, der den Kontaktkörper trägt, steht der Ring durch einen Ansatz dieses scheibenförmigen Körpers leitend inm Verbindung, und zwar gleichfalls unmittelbar angrenzend an die Trennstelle des Ringes. Die zwischen dem Ring und den scheibenförmigen Körpern verbleibenden kreisringsektorförmigen Bereiche sind durch schlecht leitende bzw. isolierende Ringstücke ausgefüllt. Der eigentliche Kontaktkörper besitzt eine gegenüber dem Durchmesser der Schaltstückanordnung kleinen Durchmesser, wodurch die Stromtragfähigkeit der Schaltstückanordnung beschränkt ist.A vacuum interrupter of this type is known from US-A-3 818 164. The ring is arranged between two disc-shaped bodies, one of which is fastened to the carrier bolt and the other of which carries a contact body. The ring has an extension immediately adjacent to the location of the galvanic interruption, with which it is conductively connected to the one disk-shaped body fastened to the carrier bolt. The ring is conductively connected to the further disk-shaped body, which carries the contact body, through an extension of this disk-shaped body, and likewise directly adjacent to the separation point of the ring. The annular sector-shaped regions remaining between the ring and the disk-shaped bodies are filled with poorly conductive or insulating ring pieces. The actual contact body has a small diameter compared to the diameter of the contact piece arrangement, as a result of which the current carrying capacity of the contact piece arrangement is limited.

Eine andere bekannte Schaltstückanordnung (GB-A-2038098) weist ebenfalls zwei scheibenförmige Körper auf, zwischen denen sich ein felderzeugender Leiter befindet. Dieser hat die Gestalt eines Ringes mit diametral gegenüberliegenden galvanischen Trennstellen und einem mittleren, die beiden Halbringe verbindenden Steg, der zentral mit einem Trägerbolzen verbunden ist. Für den Stromübergang zu dem eigentlichen scheibenförmigen Kontaktkörper sind die Enden der beiden Halbringe aus der Ringebene herausgebogen.Another known contact arrangement (GB-A-2038098) also has two disk-shaped bodies, between which there is a field-generating conductor. This has the shape of a ring with diametrically opposite galvanic separation points and a central web connecting the two half rings, which is connected centrally to a carrier bolt. For the current transfer to the actual disk-shaped contact body, the ends of the two half rings are bent out of the ring plane.

Der zuletzt beschriebenen, wie auch der zuvor beschriebenen Schaltstückanordnung haftet die Eigenschaft an, daß der Stromübergang zu dem Kontaktkörper an dessen Rand erfolgt. Infolgedessen sind bereits verfügbare und für eine zentrale Befestigung an Trägerbolzen vorgesehene Kontaktkörper nicht verwendbar. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schaltstückanordnung so auszugestalten, daß ein felderzeugender Ring in Verbindung mit einem solchen für eine zentrale Befestigung und Stromzuführung vorgesehenen Kontaktkörper verwendbar ist und dieser einem axial gerichteten Magnetfeld möglichst wirkungsvoll ausgesetzt ist.The most recently described, as well as the previously described contact piece arrangement, has the property that the current transfer to the contact body takes place at its edge. As a result, contact bodies which are already available and are provided for central fastening to carrier bolts cannot be used. The invention has for its object to design a contact piece arrangement so that a field-generating ring can be used in connection with such a contact body provided for central attachment and power supply and this is exposed to an axially directed magnetic field as effectively as possible.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe bei einer Vakuumschaltröhre der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß der Kontaktkörper als Topfkontaktstück mit schrägen Schlitzen ausgebildet ist, wobei der Außendurchmesser des Topfkontaktstückes etwa dem Innendurchmesser des Ringes entspricht und daß zur Verbindung jedes Ringes mit dem zugehörigen Trägerbolzen und dem zugehörigen Topfkontaktstück jeweils ein radial verlaufendes Leiterstück vorgesehen ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in a vacuum interrupter of the type mentioned in that the contact body is designed as a pot contact piece with oblique slots, the outer diameter of the pot contact piece corresponding approximately to the inner diameter of the ring and that for connecting each ring with the associated carrier bolt and associated pot contact piece a radially extending conductor piece is provided.

Schräg geschlitzte Topfkontaktstücke, wie sie z. B. in der DE-A-26 38 700 beschrieben sind, sind hinsichtlich ihrer Eingenschaften und Ihrer Herstellbarkeit durchentwickelte und erprobte Bauteile von Vakuumschaltröhren. Es stellt somit eine wesentliche Erleichterung für die Entwicklung einer leistungsfähigen Schaltstückanordnung dar, wenn eine der Komponenten praktisch unverändert übernommen werden kann. Man gelangt auf diese Weise zu Schaltstückanordnungen mit einem hohen spezifischen Schaltvermögen, da durch die innerhalb des Laufringes der Topfkontaktstücke befindlichen schrägen Schlitze ein Umlauf des Lichtbogens auf der Ringfläche veranlaßt wird. Da das axiale Magnetfeld bereits am äußeren Rand des Kontaktkörpers zur Verfügung steht und die gesamte ringförmige Lauffläche durchsetzt, unterbleibt eine Kontraktion des Lichtbogens bei hohen Strömen, so daß Abbrand und Metalldampfbildung gering bleiben. Wesentlich ist dabei, daß das axiale Magnetfeld bereits am äußeren Rand des Schaltstückes zur Verfügung steht und die gesamte Lauffläche des Kontaktkörpers durchsetzt. Da die Feldwicklungen beider zusammenwirkender Schaltstücke gleichsinnig vom Strom durchflossen werden, wirken bei geschlossenem Schalter anziehende Kräfte, die eine Abhebung der Schaltstücke unter dem Einfluß von Stoßströmen verhindern.Obliquely slotted pot contact pieces, as z. B. are described in DE-A-26 38 700, are well-developed and tested components of vacuum interrupters with regard to their properties and their manufacturability. It is therefore a significant relief for the development of a high-performance switching arrangement if one of the components can be taken over practically unchanged. In this way, switching piece arrangements with a high specific switching capacity are obtained, since the oblique slots located within the race of the pot contact pieces cause the arc to circulate on the ring surface. Since the axial magnetic field is already available at the outer edge of the contact body and penetrates the entire annular running surface, the arc does not contract at high currents, so that burn-off and metal vapor formation remain low. It is essential that the axial magnetic field is already available at the outer edge of the contact piece and penetrates the entire running surface of the contact body. Since the field windings of both interacting contact pieces are flowed through in the same direction by the current, attractive forces act when the switch is closed, which prevent the contact pieces from lifting under the influence of surge currents.

Es erweist sich als vorteilhaft, die Leiterstücke im Querschnitt dreieckförmig auszubilden, derart, daß bei Leiterstücke zusammen ein Rechteck ausfüllen. Sofern die zwischen den Leiterstücken auftretenden spreizenden Stromkräfte ein Problem bilden, kann man aber die Leiterstücke auch so anordnen, daß zwischen den Einmündungsstellen in den Ring in Umfangrichtung ein Abstand besteht. Ferner empfiehlt es sich, die Trennfuge des Ringes wenigstens örtlich durch nichtleitende bzw. schlechtleitende Stützkörper auszufüllen, um die mechanische Stabili- - tät zu erhöhen.It proves to be advantageous to design the conductor pieces triangular in cross section, such that together fill a rectangle with conductor pieces. If the spreading current forces occurring between the conductor pieces form a problem, the conductor pieces can also be arranged such that there is a distance in the circumferential direction between the junction points in the ring. It is also recommended to fill the parting line of the ring at least locally with non-conductive or poorly conductive support bodies in order to increase the mechanical stability.

Zur Steigerung der mechanischen Stabilität empfiehlt es sich ferner, zwischen dem Ring und . dem Kontaktkörper wenigstens örtlich nichtleitende bzw. schlechtleitende Stützkörper anzuordnen. Eine weitere Steigerung der mechanischen Festigkeit der Anordnung ist in diesem Zusammenhang durch einen Stützring aus nichtleitendem bzw. schlechtleitendem Werkstoff zu erzielen, der zwischen dem Trägerbolzen. und dem Ring auf der dem Kontaktkörper abgewandten Seite angeordnet ist.To increase the mechanical stability, it is also advisable to place between the ring and. to arrange the contact body at least locally non-conductive or poorly conductive support body. A further increase in the mechanical strength of the arrangement is in this To achieve connection by a support ring made of non-conductive or poorly conductive material between the support bolt. and the ring is arranged on the side facing away from the contact body.

Für die Montage des Kontaktsystems ergeben sich Vorteile durch die Verwendung eines zentralen Befestigungselementes, durch das der Kontaktkörpers und der Ring gemeinsam mit dem Trägerbolzen verbunden sind. Um die erwünschte Stromverteilung nicht zu stören, kann dieses Befestigungselement aus einem nichtleitenden bzw. schlechtleitenden Werkstoff hergestellt werden.Advantages for the assembly of the contact system result from the use of a central fastening element through which the contact body and the ring are connected together with the carrier bolt. In order not to disturb the desired current distribution, this fastening element can be made from a non-conductive or poorly conductive material.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures.

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Vakuumschaltröhre schematisch in einem Längsschnitt.Figure 1 shows a vacuum interrupter schematically in a longitudinal section.

Einzelheiten der in Figur 1 gezeigten Schaltstückanordnungen sind den Figuren 2 und 3 zu entnehmen, die einen-axialen Schnitt zeigen, und zwar in Figur 2 quer zu den radialen Leiterstücken des Ringes und in Figur 3 in Längsrichtung dieser Leitstücke. Die Figur 4 ist eine Draufsicht auf einen Ring als Einzelteil.Details of the contact piece arrangements shown in FIG. 1 can be found in FIGS. 2 and 3, which show an axial section, specifically in FIG. 2 transversely to the radial conductor pieces of the ring and in FIG. 3 in the longitudinal direction of these guide pieces. Figure 4 is a plan view of a ring as a single part.

In der Figur 5 ist eine Schaltstückanordnung mit einem zugehörigen Ring in perspektivischer Ansicht auseinandergezogen dargestellt. Der hierbei abweichend von den Figuren 2, 3 und 4 gestaltete Ring ist gesondert in der Draufsicht in Figur 6 gezeigt.FIG. 5 shows a switching piece arrangement with an associated ring pulled apart in a perspective view. The ring, which differs from FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, is shown separately in the top view in FIG. 6.

Die Figur 7 zeigt eine etwa der Figur 3 entsprechende axiale Schnittdarstellung einer Schaltstückanordnung die zusätzlich einen Stützring aufweist.FIG. 7 shows an axial sectional view, corresponding approximately to FIG. 3, of a switching element arrangement which additionally has a support ring.

Die Vakuumschaltröhre 1 gemäß der Figur 1 weist ein vakuumdichtes Gehäuse 2 auf, das zwei endseitige, im wesentlichen hohlzylindrische Isolierkörper 3 und 4 aus einem keramischen Werkstoff sowie einen mittleren hohlen Metallzylinder 5 umfaßt. Aus dem Gehäuse 2 ragt nach oben ein beweglicher Trägerbolzen 6 heraus, der gegenüber dem Gehäuse 2 durch einen Federbalg 7 abgedichtet ist. Ein zweiter mit dem Trägerbolzen 6 fluchtend angeordneter, jedoch fest mit dem Gehäuse 2 verbundener Trägerbolzen 10 ragt auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite aus dem Isolierkörper 4 des Gehäuses 2 heraus.The vacuum interrupter 1 according to FIG. 1 has a vacuum-tight housing 2 which comprises two end-side, essentially hollow cylindrical insulating bodies 3 and 4 made of a ceramic material and a central hollow metal cylinder 5. A movable carrier pin 6 protrudes upward from the housing 2 and is sealed off from the housing 2 by a bellows 7. A second carrier bolt 10, which is arranged in alignment with the carrier bolt 6 but is fixedly connected to the housing 2, protrudes from the insulating body 4 of the housing 2 on the opposite side.

Die Trägerbolzen 6 und 10 dienen als Träger einer beweglichen Schaltstückanordnung 11 und einer feststehenden Schaltstückanordnung 12, deren übereinstimmender Aufbau im folgenden näher beschrieben wird.The carrier bolts 6 and 10 serve as carriers of a movable contact piece arrangement 11 and a fixed contact piece arrangement 12, the corresponding structure of which is described in more detail below.

Jede der Schaltstückanordnung 11 und 12 besitzt den in der Figur 2 anhand der Schaltstückanordnung 12 dargestellten Aufbau. Der Kontaktkörper 14 ist ein sogenannter Topfkontakt mit geschlossener Lauffläche, wie er beispielsweise in der DE-A-26 38 700 beschrieben ist. Wesentliche Bestandteile des Kontaktkörpers 14 sind ein topfförmiger Körper 15 aus Kupfer, der an seinem Rand mit schräg verlaufenden Schlitzen 16 versehen ist. Der kreisringförmige Rand des Körpers 15 ist mit einem ungeschlitzten Ring 17 bedeckt, der aus einem Chrom-Kupfer-Verbundwerkstoff besteht.Each of the contact piece arrangements 11 and 12 has the structure shown in FIG. 2 on the basis of the contact piece arrangement 12. The contact body 14 is a so-called pot contact with a closed running surface, as described for example in DE-A-26 38 700. Essential components of the contact body 14 are a pot-shaped body 15 made of copper, which is provided with oblique slots 16 on its edge. The annular edge of the body 15 is covered with an unslit ring 17, which consists of a chrome-copper composite.

Dem Kontaktträger 14 ist eine Feldwicklung zugeordnet, welche die Gestalt eines Ringes 20 hat, dessen Innendurchmesser etwa dem Außendurchmesser des Kontaktkörpers 14 entspricht. Dieser Ring ist mit einer schräg zur Ringebene verlaufenden Trennfuge 21 versehen, zu deren beiden Seiten zwei radiale Leiterstücke in Gestalt von Speichen 22 bzw. 23 in den ring einmünden. Im Zentrum des Ringes 20 liegen die Speichen 22 und 23 elektrisch voneinander isoliert übereinander (Fig. 3). Durch Pfeile ist angedeutet, daß der durch den Trägerbolzen 10 fließende Strom zunächst durch die Speiche 22 in den Ring 20 eintritt, den Ring durchfließt und dann durch die Speiche 23 wieder zum Zentrum des Ringes zurückgeleitet wird. An dieser Stelle besteht eine elektrische Verbindung mit dem Boden 24 des Kontaktkörpers 14, durch den der Strom zu dem ringförmigen eigentlichen Kontaktbereich gelangt.A field winding is assigned to the contact carrier 14 and has the shape of a ring 20, the inside diameter of which corresponds approximately to the outside diameter of the contact body 14. This ring is provided with a parting line 21 running obliquely to the ring plane, on the two sides of which two radial conductor pieces in the form of spokes 22 and 23 open into the ring. In the center of the ring 20, the spokes 22 and 23 are electrically insulated from one another (FIG. 3). Arrows indicate that the current flowing through the carrier bolt 10 first enters the ring 20 through the spoke 22, flows through the ring and is then conducted back through the spoke 23 to the center of the ring. At this point there is an electrical connection to the bottom 24 of the contact body 14, through which the current reaches the actual ring-shaped contact area.

Wie bei der Betrachtung der Figur 2 zu erkennen ist, erzeugt der durch den galvanisch offenen Ring 20 fließende Strom ein axial gerichtetes Magnetfeld, das infolge der Abstimmung der Durchmesser des Kontaktkörpers 14 und des Ringes 20 bereits am äußeren Rand des Laufringes 17 wirksam ist. Dieses Magnetfeld hat die Wirkung, der Kontraktion einer diffusen Lichtbogenentladung zu einem konzentrierten Lichtbogenkanal entgegenzuwirken. Das Schaltvermögen einer Vakuumschaltröhre läßt sich hierdurch beträchtlich steigern, weil der Laufring 14 örtlich weniger erhitzt und weniger Metalldampf freigesetzt wird. Hierzu trägt auch die Anordnung der schrägen Schlitze 16 bei, die in Verbindung mit entsprechenden gegenläufigen Schlitzen der in Figur 2 nicht gezeigten zugehörigen weiteren Schaltstückanordnung 11 eine rasche Bewegung des Lichtbogens über die Kontaktfläche des Laufringes 17 bewirkt.As can be seen when looking at FIG. 2, the current flowing through the galvanically open ring 20 generates an axially directed magnetic field which, due to the coordination of the diameters of the contact body 14 and the ring 20, is already effective on the outer edge of the race 17. This magnetic field has the effect of counteracting the contraction of a diffuse arc discharge into a concentrated arc channel. The switching capacity of a vacuum interrupter can be increased considerably as a result of the fact that the race 14 is heated less locally and less metal vapor is released. The arrangement of the oblique slots 16 also contributes to this, which, in conjunction with corresponding opposite slots of the associated further switching element arrangement 11, not shown in FIG. 2, causes the arc to move rapidly over the contact surface of the race 17.

Zu einem besonders günstigen Zusammenwirken zwischen dem geschlitzten Kontaktkörper 14 und dem Ring 20 kommt es dann, wenn die Schlitze 16 so ausgeführt werden, daß sie sich bis in den Topfboden 24 hinein möglichst weit zum Zentrum erstrecken. Dann werden nämlich Wirbelströme, die im Nulldurchgang des Stromes ein phasenverschobenes und somit störendes Magnetfeld hervorrufen, weitgehend unterdrückt. Die Anordnung der Schlitze ist insbesondere der Figur 5 zu entnehmen, wo sie mit 42 bezeichnet sind.A particularly favorable interaction between the slotted contact body 14 and the ring 20 occurs when the slits 16 are designed such that they extend as far as possible into the pot bottom 24 into the center. Then eddy currents, which cause a phase-shifted and thus disturbing magnetic field in the zero crossing of the current, are largely suppressed. The arrangement of the slots can be seen in particular in FIG. 5, where they are designated by 42.

Wie man erkennt, sind der Kontaktkörper 14 und der Ring 20 axial unmittelbar benachbart angeordnet. Im Bereich der einander zugewandten Kanten sind Stützkörper 25 angeordnet, die aus einem schlechtleitenden oder nichtleitenden Werkstoff, z. B. aus Keramik, bestehen können, um die beiden Teile gegeneinander abzustützen . und elektrisch zu isolieren. Ähnliche Stützkörper 26 befinden sich in der Trennfuge 21 zwischen den Speichen 22 und 23, die von der Trennfuge 21 des Ringes 20 ausgehen. Eine flächenhafte Berührung besteht dagegen zwischen der Speiche 23 und dem Boden 24 des Kontaktkörpers 14, weil hier der Strom auf den Kontaktkörper übergeleitet wird. Die Anordnung wird durch eine Schraube 27 zusammengehalten, die sich durch den Boden 24 des Kontaktkörpers 14 sowie den zentralen Teil der Speichen 22 und 23 erstreckt und' in ein mit Gewinde versehenes Sackloch 30 des Trägerbolzens 10 eingeschraubt ist. Das mit einem entsprechenden Gewinde versehene untere Ende 31 der Schraube 27 ist hierzu derart verdickt ausgeführt, daß auf der übrigen Länge zwischen der Schraube 27 und den Speichen sowie dem Sackloch des Trägerbolzens 10 keine Berührung besteht. Somit kann nur ein kleiner Teil des Stromes direkt von dem Trägerbolzen 10 zu dem Kontaktkörper 14 fließen, der für die Erzeugung des gewünschten axialen Magnetfeldes verloren geht. Sofern die Schraube 27 aus einem Werkstoff schlechter elektrischer Leitfähigkeit besteht, läßt sich der erwähnte Verlust noch verringern.As can be seen, the contact body 14 and the ring 20 are arranged axially immediately adjacent. In the region of the mutually facing edges, support bodies 25 are arranged, which are made of a poorly conductive or non-conductive material, for. B. ceramic, can be used to support the two parts against each other. and electrically isolate. Similar support bodies 26 are located in the parting line 21 between the spokes 22 and 23, which start from the parting line 21 of the ring 20. An areal In contrast, there is contact between the spoke 23 and the bottom 24 of the contact body 14 because the current is transferred to the contact body here. The assembly is held together by a screw 27 which extends through the bottom 24 of the contact body 14 and the central part of the spokes 22 and 23, and 'in a threaded blind hole 30 of the support bolt 10 is screwed. The corresponding lower end 31 of the screw 27 is designed to be thickened such that there is no contact on the remaining length between the screw 27 and the spokes and the blind hole of the support bolt 10. Thus, only a small part of the current can flow directly from the carrier bolt 10 to the contact body 14, which is lost for the generation of the desired axial magnetic field. If the screw 27 is made of a material with poor electrical conductivity, the loss mentioned can be reduced further.

Die Speichen 22 und 23 werden in entgegengesetzter Richtung vom Strom durchflossen. Dies führt zu abstoßenden Kräften, die in geeigneter Weise aufgefangen werden können. Zum Beispiel kann dies durch die Anordnung einer oder mehrerer Schrauben oder ähnlicher Befestigungsmittel 32 geschehen, die in der Figur 3 gezeigt ist.The spokes 22 and 23 are traversed by the current in the opposite direction. This leads to repulsive forces that can be absorbed in a suitable manner. For example, this can be done by arranging one or more screws or similar fasteners 32, which is shown in FIG.

Die auf Speichen 22 und 23 wirkenden Stromkräfte können noch dadurch leichter beherrschbar gemacht werden, daß man anstelle der dreieckigen Querschnittsformen entsprechend der Figur 3, die zusammen ein Rechteck ergeben, zumindest auf einem Teil der radialen Länge der Speichen beide Speichen entsprechend Fig. 5 rechteckförmig gestaltet, wobei die zwischen ihnen befindliche Fuge parallel zur Schaltstückebene liegt. Die abstoßenden Kräfte wirken dann nur in axialer Richtung, während sie bei der in Figur 3 gezeigten Form der Speichen auch eine tangentiale Komponente besitzen, die im Sinne einer Aufweitung des Ringes wirken. In beiden Fällen aber iegen die Speichen in der Drausicht entsprechend der Figur 4 übereinander.The current forces acting on spokes 22 and 23 can be made even more manageable if, instead of the triangular cross-sectional shapes according to FIG. 3, which together form a rectangle, at least part of the radial length of the spokes is designed with a rectangular shape according to FIG. 5 , with the joint between them lying parallel to the contact level. The repulsive forces then only act in the axial direction, while in the shape of the spokes shown in FIG. 3 they also have a tangential component, which act in the sense of an expansion of the ring. In both cases, however, the spokes are superimposed on one another in accordance with FIG. 4.

Ordnet man dagegen bei einer Schaltstückanordnung 33 gemäß den Figur 5 und 6 die Speichen so an, daß sie mit einem Abstand in Umfangsrichtung in den Ring einmünden, so werden bei richtiger Ausführung die abstoßenden kräfte kompensiert und es entsteht eine weitgehend von Stromkräften freie Ringanordnung. In dieser abweichenden Ausführung ist der als Feldwicklung dienende Ring mit 35, die mit dem Boden des Kontaktkörpers zu verbindende obere Speiche mit 36 und die untere Speiche mit 37 bezeichnet. Die Wirkungsweise dieser Anordnung besteht darin, daß auf einem Teil des Umfanges, nämlich über die Länge der Trennfuge 40, beidseitig derselben die gleiche Richtung des Stromes besteht und dadurch anziehende Kräfte entstehen. Gleichzeitig sind die abstoßenden Kräfte zwischen den gegensinnig durchströmten Speichen 36 und 37 relativ gering infolge ihres vergrößerten Abstandes. Diese Verteilung des durch den Trägerbolzen 34 eintretenden Stromes i ist sowohl in der Figur 5 als auch in der Figur 6 durch Pfeile angedeutet.If, on the other hand, one arranges the spokes in a contact piece arrangement 33 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 in such a way that they open into the ring at a distance in the circumferential direction, the repulsive forces are compensated for in the correct design and a ring arrangement largely free of current forces is created. In this variant, the ring serving as a field winding is designated by 35, the upper spoke to be connected to the bottom of the contact body by 36 and the lower spoke by 37. The operation of this arrangement consists in the fact that on a part of the circumference, namely over the length of the separating joint 40, the same direction of the current exists on both sides thereof, and attractive forces thereby arise. At the same time, the repulsive forces between the oppositely flowing spokes 36 and 37 are relatively low due to their increased distance. This distribution of the current i entering through the carrier bolt 34 is indicated by arrows both in FIG. 5 and in FIG. 6.

In der perspektivischen Darstellung der Schaltstückanordnung 33 gemäß der Figur 5 sind der Kontaktkörper 41 und der Ring 35 auseinandergezogen dargestellt. Dieser Kontaktkörper entspricht im wesentlichen dem bereits erläuterten Kontaktkörper 14 gemäß der Figur 2. Ergänzend ist dabei zu erkennen, daß die schräg angeordneten Schlitze 42, die zum Antrieb der Schaltlichtbögen in Umfangsrichtung durch Bildung einer Stromschleife dienen, in den Boden 43 hinein verlängert sind und sich bis nahe zum Zentrum erstrecken.In the perspective view of the contact piece arrangement 33 according to FIG. 5, the contact body 41 and the ring 35 are shown pulled apart. This contact body corresponds essentially to the already explained contact body 14 according to FIG. 2. In addition, it can be seen that the obliquely arranged slots 42, which serve to drive the switching arcs in the circumferential direction by forming a current loop, are extended into the bottom 43 and are extended extend to close to the center.

Die Schaltstückanordnungen von Vakuumschaltröhren, insbesondere solcher für höhere Nennströme und Schaltleistungen, sind im Betrieb einer beträchtlichen mechanischen Beanspruchung ausgesetzt. Falls daher Anlaß bestehen sollte, die bisher beschriebenen Schaltstückanordnungen mechanisch besonders widerstandsfähig auszuführen, so kann dies durch einen Stützring entsprechend der Darstellung in der Figur 7 geschehen. Die Schaltstückanordnung als solche entspricht den Figuren 2 und 3. Zusätzlich ist der Trägerbolzen 45 mit einem Absatz 46 versehen, auf dem ein z. B. aus einem keramischen Werkstoff hergestellter Stützring 47 aufliegt. An seinem äußeren Umfang ist der Stützring 47 mit einer Eindrehung 50 versehen, auf der der als Feldwicklung dienende Ring 20 aufliegt. Die beim Einschalten auf den Kontaktkörper und den Ring 20 wirkenden Stoßkräfte bruachen also nicht allein von diesen Teilen aufgenommen zu werden, sondern werden über den Stützring 47 auf den Trägerbolzen 45 geleitet. Unter Umständen kann es ausreichend sein, anstelle eines geschlossenen Stützringes einen in gleicher Weise wirkenden Stützkörper zu verwenden, der ausgehend von einer ringförmigen Nabe radiale Arme aufweist, auf denen der als Feldwicklung dienende Ring an einzelnen Punkten aufliegt.The switching element arrangements of vacuum interrupters, in particular those for higher nominal currents and switching capacities, are exposed to considerable mechanical stress during operation. If there should therefore be a reason to make the contact piece arrangements described so far mechanically particularly robust, this can be done by a support ring as shown in FIG. The contact piece arrangement as such corresponds to Figures 2 and 3. In addition, the support pin 45 is provided with a shoulder 46 on which a z. B. from a ceramic material support ring 47 rests. On its outer circumference, the support ring 47 is provided with a recess 50 on which the ring 20 serving as a field winding rests. The impact forces acting on the contact body and the ring 20 when switched on do not therefore need to be absorbed by these parts alone, but rather are guided via the support ring 47 onto the carrier bolt 45. Under certain circumstances, it may be sufficient to use a supporting body which acts in the same way instead of a closed supporting ring and, starting from an annular hub, has radial arms on which the ring serving as a field winding rests at individual points.

Claims (9)

1. A vacuum switch (1) comprising two contact arrangements (11, 12; 33) which can be moved relative to one another and which are arranged on carrier bolts (6, 10 ; 34), which have the basic shape of a cylindrical disc, and which in each case have a contact body (14; 41) which has a closed contact surface for the arc, and a ring (20 ; 35) which is arranged on the rear of said contact body and is only conductively interrupted once at its periphery and serves to produce an axially directed magnetic field, the connection of each ring to its assigned carrier bolt (6, 10 ; 34) and its assigned contact body (14 ; 41) being directly effected from the position of the conductive interruption of the ring, characterised in that the contact body is formed as a cup-shaped contact member (14 ; 41) with oblique slots, the outer -diameter of the cup-shaped contact member corresponding approximately to the inner diameter of the ring (20 ; 35) ; and that, in order to connect each ring (20 ; 35) to its assigned carrier bolt (6, 10 ; 34) and its assigned cup-shaped contact member (14 ; 41), there is in each case arranged a radially-extending conducting member (22, 23 ; 36, 37).
2. A vacuum switch as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the separating line (21, 40) is arranged obliquely to the plane of the ring (20, 35) (Figures 2, 5).
3. A vacuum switch as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that each conducting member (22, 23) has a triangular cross-section and both conducting members together form a rectangle (Figure 2).
4. A vacuum switch as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that there is a gap between the discharge points of the conducting members (36, 37) in the peripheral direction.
5. A vacuum switch as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the separating line (21 ; 40) of the ring (20 ; 35) is at least locally filled with non-conducting or poorly conducting supporting bodies (25).
6. A vacuum switch as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that at least locally non-conducting or poorly conducting supporting bodies (24) are arranged between the ring (20) and the contact body (14) (Figure 3).
7. A vacuum switch as claimed in Claim 1, characterised by a supporting ring (47) which is arranged between the carrier bolt (45) and the ring (20) on the side facing away from the contact body (14), and which consists of a non-conducting or poorly conducting material.
8. A vacuum switch as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the contact body. (14) and the ring (20) are commonly connected to the carrier bolt (10) by means of a central fastening element (27) which passes through the conducting members (22, 23) and consists of a non-conducting or poorly conducting material (Figure 3).
9. A vacuum switch as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the slots (16 ; 42) extend into the base (24) of the cup-shaped contact members (14 ; 41) to near the centre.
EP82730139A 1981-12-23 1982-11-23 Vacuum switch with a ring to create an axial magnetic field Expired EP0082801B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813151907 DE3151907A1 (en) 1981-12-23 1981-12-23 VACUUM SWITCH TUBES WITH A RING TO GENERATE AN AXIAL MAGNETIC FIELD
DE3151907 1981-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0082801A1 EP0082801A1 (en) 1983-06-29
EP0082801B1 true EP0082801B1 (en) 1986-07-30

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EP82730139A Expired EP0082801B1 (en) 1981-12-23 1982-11-23 Vacuum switch with a ring to create an axial magnetic field

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US (1) US4445015A (en)
EP (1) EP0082801B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58111231A (en)
DE (2) DE3151907A1 (en)

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US10410813B1 (en) 2018-04-03 2019-09-10 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Vacuum switching apparatus and electrical contact therefor
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CN103828010A (en) * 2011-07-23 2014-05-28 Abb技术股份公司 Contact assembly for a vacuum circuit breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3272374D1 (en) 1986-09-04
EP0082801A1 (en) 1983-06-29
DE3151907A1 (en) 1983-06-30
US4445015A (en) 1984-04-24
JPS58111231A (en) 1983-07-02

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