EP0082780B1 - Dampferzeuger durch Wärmeaustauschung zwischen einem flüssigen, kalorienreichen Metall und Speisewasser - Google Patents

Dampferzeuger durch Wärmeaustauschung zwischen einem flüssigen, kalorienreichen Metall und Speisewasser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0082780B1
EP0082780B1 EP82402321A EP82402321A EP0082780B1 EP 0082780 B1 EP0082780 B1 EP 0082780B1 EP 82402321 A EP82402321 A EP 82402321A EP 82402321 A EP82402321 A EP 82402321A EP 0082780 B1 EP0082780 B1 EP 0082780B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid metal
casing
sodium
cylindrical shell
envelope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82402321A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0082780A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Malaval
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FRAMATOME TE COURBEVOIE, FRANKRIJK.
Original Assignee
Novatome SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novatome SA filed Critical Novatome SA
Publication of EP0082780A1 publication Critical patent/EP0082780A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0082780B1 publication Critical patent/EP0082780B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing steam by heat exchange between a heat-transfer liquid metal and drinking water.
  • Such a device for example a steam generator of a fast neutron nuclear reactor cooled by liquid sodium, comprises an elongated cylindrical envelope disposed with its vertical axis and closed at each of its ends by a domed bottom.
  • liquid sodium is brought to the upper part of the envelope by pipes passing through this envelope and opening into a space limited by a central ferrule coaxial with the envelope of the steam generator and by a perforated plate.
  • annular connected to the casing and to the central ferrule and disposed at the lower part of the central ferrule.
  • This central ferrule extends over a certain height above and below the liquid metal inlet pipes, the annular plate fixed to the lower part of this central ferrule therefore being located below the pipes and constituting the part bottom of the liquid sodium weir.
  • deflectors Inside the space into which the pipes open, constituting the liquid sodium overflow, are arranged deflectors allowing a distribution of the liquid sodium over the entire annular plate.
  • these deflectors constitute two assemblies each disposed opposite a tube and distributing the liquid sodium on an annular half-plate each.
  • deflectors comprise horizontal plates arranged opposite each of the pipes and occupying most of the space existing between the central shell and the casing.
  • the envelope is doubled by a ferrule coaxial with the envelope and of a diameter slightly less than that of the envelope, for the thermal protection of the latter in its upper part.
  • Liquid sodium fills the entire envelope up to a level above the tubes, that is to say in the zone of the envelope protected by the peripheral shell which has openings allowing the passage of a certain amount of sodium between the envelope and the peripheral shell.
  • the interior space of the envelope between the level of liquid sodium and the upper bottom of the envelope contains a neutral gas such as argon.
  • the area into which the tubes serving as a liquid sodium outlet open out is separated from the part of the envelope situated above the tubes by a solid annular plate fixed to the envelope and to the central ferrule.
  • the part of the envelope located below the liquid sodium weir contains a tubular bundle wound around a body disposed axially inside the envelope of the steam generator.
  • the liquid sodium circulates in contact with the outside surface of the bundle tubes, inside which the food water passes which vaporizes by heat exchange with the circulating liquid sodium.
  • the liquid sodium passes inside the hollow central body pierced with openings to be evacuated to the lower part of the envelope of the steam generator.
  • Collectors arranged at the inlet and outlet of the tube bundle allow the supply of drinking water and the recovery of the steam produced by heat exchange inside the bundle.
  • Such a device comprising a perforated distribution plate and a set of deflectors with horizontal plates makes it possible both to ensure the most uniform possible downward circulation of liquid sodium and to suppress the turbulence of the upper sodium level. It is indeed necessary to avoid such turbulence of the upper level of liquid sodium which may create thermal shock and cause gas entrainment.
  • the pressure wave therefore propagates in the liquid sodium weir located at the periphery of the central chimney, is reflected by the deflector plates arranged in this weir and propagates through the liquid sodium inlet pipes to the primary sodium exchangers - secondary sodium arranged in the nuclear reactor, ensuring the heating of the secondary sodium constituting the liquid metal in the steam generator with the primary sodium filling the tank of the nuclear reactor and constituting the primary fluid.
  • These sodium-sodium intermediate exchangers can then be damaged by the pressure wave.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a device for producing steam by heat exchange between a heat-transferable liquid metal and feed water comprising an elongated cylindrical envelope arranged with its vertical axis, closed at each of its ends by a solid bottom, receiving liquid metal in its upper part by at least one tube passing through the envelope and opening into an es space limited by a central ferrule coaxial with the envelope extending over a certain height above and below the inlet pipe for liquid metal and by a lower annular perforated plate situated between the envelope and the central ferrule , at the bottom of the latter, so that the level of the liquid metal is maintained above the inlet pipe of liquid metal, neutral gas filling the space between the level of liquid metal and the bottom upper part of the envelope, and a circulation of liquid metal is established in the envelope, in contact with a tubular bundle in which the food water circulates during vaporization, situated below the space where arrives the liquid metal, the liquid metal emerging from the envelope at its lower part, a peripheral ferrule with a diameter a little smaller
  • This device for producing steam makes it possible to obtain a higher level of liquid metal without turbulence and an easier passage for the shock wave upwards from the steam generator to the level of liquid metal without this wave being returned laterally to the intermediate exchangers.
  • two perforated annular plates are fixed between the central ferrule and the peripheral ferrule, above the liquid metal inlet tube, spaced apart according to the height of the envelope and separated by vertical perforated spacers, the perforations annular plates and the lower plate being identical in size and arrangement on the plates and aligned in the vertical direction.
  • Figure 1 shows, in a sectional view through a vertical plane, a steam generator according to the prior art.
  • Figure 2 shows in a sectional view through a vertical plane the upper part of a steam generator comprising the improvements according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 the casing 1 of a steam generator of cylindrical shape and of great length is seen, arranged vertically and resting on a support base 2.
  • This envelope 1 is constantly filled with liquid sodium up to level 3 at the top of the envelope.
  • This liquid sodium coming from the intermediate exchangers of a fast neutron reactor is introduced into the envelope via the pipes 5 and 6.
  • the secondary sodium is heated prior to its introduction into the steam generator by primary sodium in the intermediate exchangers of the fast neutron reactor cooled by the primary sodium.
  • the secondary heat transfer sodium enters a zone constituting a weir limited on the one hand by the casing 1 and on the other hand by a central ferrule 8 arranged coaxially with respect to the casing 1.
  • the central ferrule 8 is connected to the casing by means of a solid annular plate 9 and of a perforated annular plate 10 respectively constituting the upper wall and the distribution plate of the liquid sodium weir.
  • deflectors 12 constituted by vertical partitions 14 and horizontal deflector plates 16.
  • the devices 12 allow a homogeneous distribution of the sodium throughout the section of the steam generator placed below the plate 10 and in which the tubular bundle 17 is located.
  • the horizontal plates 16 also serving to avoid turbulence of the sodium level 3.
  • the tubular bundle 17 is wound around a central hollow body 18 pierced with a set of holes 20 for the recovery of the liquid sodium which has circulated in contact with the tubular bundle and which has cooled by causing the vaporization of the circulating water. inside the bundle tubes.
  • One end of the bundle is connected to a distributor 21 allowing the distribution of water in the bundle tubes.
  • the other end of the bundle is connected to a manifold 23 allowing the recovery of the vapor produced.
  • the sodium leaves the casing 1 through the lower end of the latter, through a tube 25 arranged in the extension of the hollow body 18.
  • the hot sodium comes into contact with the bundle tubes and causes the vaporization of the food water passing through these tubes and cools down during its descent into contact with the bundle.
  • the part of the envelope disposed around the base of the hollow body 18 inside which the inlet sections of the bundle tubes pass contains sodium at a relatively low temperature for the protection of these por tube and tight passage devices 26 inside the casing 1.
  • a thermal protection shell 28 is arranged coaxially with respect to the casing above the pipes 5 and 6 welded to this casing in the vicinity of the upper bottom 29. Sodium enters the annular space between the shell 28 and the casing 1 by perforations 30. This produces thermal protection of the upper part of the casing 1.
  • the liquid sodium is brought inside the casing 31 by pipes 35 and 36 opening into a sodium distribution zone limited by a central ferrule 38 and by the distribution plate 40.
  • On the distribution plate 40 are fixed vertical radial ribs 44 occupying almost all of the annular space between the shell 38 and the casing 31. The height of these ribs is such that their apex is very clearly located below the sodium inlet pipes.
  • a ferrule 39 with a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the casing 31 and arranged coaxially with respect to the latter is fixed by welding to its wall in the vicinity of the upper bottom 59.
  • This ferrule 39 is pierced with openings 42 allowing the introduction of sodium into the annular space between the ferrule 39 and the casing 31.
  • This ferrule 39 thus provides thermal protection for the upper part of the casing 31.
  • the holes made in the annular plates 45 and 46 are substantially identical in size and arrangement and identical to those of the plate 40. All of these perforations are substantially superimposed in vertical projection.
  • the annular plates 45 and 46 are arranged between the peripheral ferrule 39 and the central ferrule 38 in the zone of the envelope located immediately above the pipes 35 and 36.
  • the assembly constituted by the ferrules 38 and 39 and the perforated plates 45, 46 and 40 is fixed inside the casing 31 by means of the ferrule 39, the upper part of which is connected by welding to this casing 31 .
  • the upper surface of the liquid sodium in the annular space zone between the casing 31 and the central shell 38 is maintained taking into account the arrival of hot sodium by the pipes 35 and 36 and of the sodium flow in the lower part of the steam generator as well as through an overflow 50, at a level 53 in the annular zone between the ferrules 38 and 39.
  • the level of liquid sodium inside the central shell 38 in direct communication with the lower part of the steam generator where the beam is located is at a level 54 lower than the level 53 due to the pressure drop between the inlet and the secondary sodium outlet during the operation of the steam generator.
  • the ferrule 38 opens at its upper part above the level 53, into the argon atmosphere filling the space between the levels 53 and 54 and the upper bottom 59.
  • the length of this ferrule is such that its upper part is always above the free sodium level.
  • the hot sodium supplied by the tubes 35 and 36 enters the distribution zone and is then distributed homogeneously over the tube bundle by means of the plate 40 and its vertical ribs 44.
  • the ribs 44 also make it possible to stiffen the plate 40 subjected to dynamic stresses due to the impulse of the jet penetrating through the pipes 35 and 36.
  • the perforated plates 45 and 46 make it possible to isolate the upper level of sodium 53 which remains practically stagnant in the annular zone, from the activity of sodium and therefore to eliminate the turbulence of this level of sodium.
  • this pressure wave can propagate up to the upper level of the liquid sodium as well inside the central chimney 38 than in the annular zone situated outside this central chimney thanks to the perforated plates 45 and 46 whose perforations are aligned in the vertical direction with the perforations of the lower plate 40.
  • the thermal insulation of the upper part of the casing 31 is ensured, during thermal shocks due to the sodium-water reaction in the event of a leak on a bundle tube or in the event of an abrupt variation in the generator load, thanks to the stagnant sodium and the argon located between the peripheral shell 39 and the casing 31.
  • the main advantages of the invention are to ensure good distribution of the sodium in the bundle, to avoid the appearance of turbulence on the upper surface of the sodium in the steam generator, to provide good thermal protection. at the top of the steam generator, to leave a maximum of free cross-section for the propagation of the pressure wave following a leak of water in the beam towards the free surface and, in particular, to prevent it from is returned to the intermediate exchangers.
  • liquid sodium can be brought into the envelope of the steam generator by a number of pipes other than two, and it is possible to have on the lower distribution plate 40 a number of ribs other than eight. .
  • the invention applies not only in the case of steam generators in which the heat transfer fluid is liquid sodium, associated with a fast neutron nuclear reactor but also in the case of any steam generator in which the heat transfer fluid is a liquid metal whose reaction with drinking water may generate pressure waves, in the event of a leak in the tubular bundle of the steam generator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Measuring And Other Instruments (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Dampferzeugungsvorrichtung durch Wärmetausch zwischen einem wärmetragenden Flüssigmetall und Speisewasser, bestehend aus einem gestreckten, mit seiner senkrechten Achse angeordneten, mit je einem Vollwandboden (59) an beiden Enden verschlossenen Zylindermantel (31), der in seinem Oberteil Flüssigmetall über mindestens einen den Mantel (31) durchquerenden Stutzen (35, 36) aufnimmt, wobei dieser in einen Raum mündet, der durch ein mittiges, zum Mantel koaxiales, über eine bestimmte Höhe oberhalb und unterhalb des Flüssigmetalleintrittstutzens (35, 36) sich erstreckendes rohrförmiges Teil (38) begrenzt ist, sowie durch eine kreisförmige gebohrte Platte (40), die zwischen dem Mantel (31) und dem mittigen rohrförmigen Teil (38) an dem unteren Ende desselben derart angeordnet ist, daß das Flüssigmetallniveau (53, 54) über dem Flüssigmetalleintrittstutzen erhalten bleibt, wobei ein neutrales Gas den Raum zwischen dem Flüssigmetallniveau (53, 54) und dem oberen Boden (59) des Mantels (31) ausfüllt, und daß in dem Mantel (31) ein Umlauf an Flüssigmetall hergestellt wird, das mit einem Rohrbündel in Berührung ist, in welchem das verdampfende Speisewasser umläuft und das unter dem Raum zum Eintritt des Flüssigmetalls angeordnet ist - das Flüssigmetall tritt wieder aus dem Mantel (31) an dessen Unterteil aus -, wobei ein peripherischer Mantelschuß (39) mit einem etwas kleineren Durchmesser als der Durchmesser des Mantels (31) an dem Mantel (31) angebracht ist und koaxial, in einem geringen Abstand von demselben, in dessen über dem Flüssigmetallstutzen (35, 36) liegenden Teil angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über dem Flüssigmetalleintrittstutzen (35, 36) zwischen dem mittigen rohrförmigen Teil (38) und dem peripherischen Mantelschuß (39) zwei kreisförmige, in der Höhe des Mantels (31) im Abstand angeordnete und durch gebohrte senkrechte Distanzstücke (47) voneinander getrennte gebohrte Platten (45, 46) befestigt sind, wobei die Bohrungen der kreisförmigen Platten (45, 46) und der unteren Platte (40) in bezug auf deren Abmessung und Anordnung auf den Platten (45, 46, 40) identisch sind und nach der senkrechten Richtung ausgerichtet sind.
2. Dampferzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das obere Ende des mittigen rohrförmigen Teils (38) über dem freien Flüssigmetallpegel und deutlich unter dem oberen Boden (59) liegt.
3. Dampferzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der unteren Platte (40) radiale Versteifungsrippen (44) angebracht sind, deren Höhe deutlich kleiner als der senkrechte Abstand zwischen der Platte (40) und dem Flüssigmetalleintrittstutzen (35, 36) ist.
EP82402321A 1981-12-18 1982-12-17 Dampferzeuger durch Wärmeaustauschung zwischen einem flüssigen, kalorienreichen Metall und Speisewasser Expired EP0082780B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8123667A FR2518707A1 (fr) 1981-12-18 1981-12-18 Dispositif de production de vapeur par echange de chaleur entre un metal liquide caloporteur et de l'eau alimentaire
FR8123667 1981-12-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0082780A1 EP0082780A1 (de) 1983-06-29
EP0082780B1 true EP0082780B1 (de) 1985-02-13

Family

ID=9265156

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82402321A Expired EP0082780B1 (de) 1981-12-18 1982-12-17 Dampferzeuger durch Wärmeaustauschung zwischen einem flüssigen, kalorienreichen Metall und Speisewasser

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4552210A (de)
EP (1) EP0082780B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS58106302A (de)
DE (1) DE3262354D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2518707A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5350011A (en) * 1993-08-02 1994-09-27 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Device and method for thermally insulating a structure to prevent thermal shock therein
US5666943A (en) * 1995-11-02 1997-09-16 Pvi Industries, Inc. Water heater or boiler with improved tank design
KR20120046236A (ko) * 2009-07-09 2012-05-09 쉘 인터내셔날 리써취 마트샤피지 비.브이. 열 교환기

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1130391A (en) * 1965-01-04 1968-10-16 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Improvements relating to heat exchangers
FR1465004A (fr) * 1966-01-03 1967-01-06 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Générateur de vapeur chauffé par un métal liquide
US3768554A (en) * 1968-06-10 1973-10-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Steam generator heated with liquid metal
US3812825A (en) * 1971-03-08 1974-05-28 Foster Wheeler Corp Sodium heated helical coil arrangement
US3811498A (en) * 1972-04-27 1974-05-21 Babcock & Wilcox Co Industrial technique
US3930537A (en) * 1974-05-06 1976-01-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Heat exchanger
FR2284170A1 (fr) * 1974-09-03 1976-04-02 Commissariat Energie Atomique Structure de reduction des courants de convection a l'interieur de la cuve d'un reacteur nucleaire
FR2363772A1 (fr) * 1976-09-03 1978-03-31 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur, notamment generateur de vapeur chauffe au sodium liquide
DE2709914C2 (de) * 1977-03-08 1986-10-09 INTERATOM GmbH, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach Flüssigmetallgekühlter Kernreaktor mit Einrichtungen zur Verhinderung der Konvektion von Metalldämpfen
US4127389A (en) * 1977-04-04 1978-11-28 Pullman Incorporated Exchanger reactor
US4163470A (en) * 1977-06-30 1979-08-07 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Industrial technique
FR2402176A2 (fr) * 1977-09-05 1979-03-30 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur, notamment generateur de vapeur chauffe au sodium liquide
US4309252A (en) * 1978-09-25 1982-01-05 Nuclear Power Company Limited Nuclear reactor constructions
FR2499212A1 (fr) * 1981-02-02 1982-08-06 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de protection de la plaque tubulaire a l'extremite chaude d'un echangeur de chaleur vertical

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58106302A (ja) 1983-06-24
EP0082780A1 (de) 1983-06-29
US4552210A (en) 1985-11-12
FR2518707B1 (de) 1984-06-01
JPH0321801B2 (de) 1991-03-25
DE3262354D1 (en) 1985-03-28
FR2518707A1 (fr) 1983-06-24

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