EP0080407B1 - Process and apparatus for removing coatings from objects - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for removing coatings from objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0080407B1
EP0080407B1 EP82402096A EP82402096A EP0080407B1 EP 0080407 B1 EP0080407 B1 EP 0080407B1 EP 82402096 A EP82402096 A EP 82402096A EP 82402096 A EP82402096 A EP 82402096A EP 0080407 B1 EP0080407 B1 EP 0080407B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
inert gas
stripping
inert
gas
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EP82402096A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0080407A2 (en
EP0080407A3 (en
Inventor
Bernd Blaudszun
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority to AT82402096T priority Critical patent/ATE18741T1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
    • C23G5/04—Apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0064—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes
    • B08B7/0092—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44D—PAINTING OR ARTISTIC DRAWING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PRESERVING PAINTINGS; SURFACE TREATMENT TO OBTAIN SPECIAL ARTISTIC SURFACE EFFECTS OR FINISHES
    • B44D3/00—Accessories or implements for use in connection with painting or artistic drawing, not otherwise provided for; Methods or devices for colour determination, selection, or synthesis, e.g. use of colour tables
    • B44D3/16—Implements or apparatus for removing dry paint from surfaces, e.g. by scraping, by burning

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an installation for pickling objects provided with a coating, of the type described in the preambles of claims 1 and 9.
  • the pickling liquid for example benzine
  • the pickling liquid is sprayed on the objects to be stripped, in order to degrease them.
  • the pickling liquid, mixed with the dissolved grease, is collected in a vase placed below the treatment tank, and pure pickling liquid is recovered from this mixture by distillation.
  • an atmosphere consisting of a mixture of air and vapors of the treatment liquid prevails in the treatment tank.
  • heated inert gas is introduced into the tank. The gas leaving the tank is cooled, and the condensate, essentially consisting of the treatment liquid, is separated and returned to the distillation vessel.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a stripping process which does not involve any significant risk of fire, even if flammable or explosive stripping agents are used, and which does not lead to any significant pollution of the environment, any minimizing the loss of pickling agent.
  • the removal of the layers takes place with a solvent which is known per se but, according to the invention, the process has therefore takes place under an inert atmosphere. This avoids any risk of fire or explosion when stripping the coating.
  • the inert gas can be discharged into the atmosphere, possibly passing through an appropriate separation device, without novice substances being entrained.
  • the inert gas used in the layer removal process is also used for the separation of the solvent and the material forming the protective coating.
  • the inert gas evacuates the vaporized solvent and carries it to condensation in an appropriate device. The separated solvent can then be reused in the operating process, the use of polluting and expensive chemicals being therefore kept within very low limits during the implementation of the process.
  • the solvent When the solvent is separated from the solvent-coating material mixture, an appropriate concentration of this mixture can be obtained in order to make it reusable. This is for example the case of removing the varnish.
  • the varnish mixed in the solvent can be reused with the desired concentration for a new varnishing process, for obtaining pigments, etc. In this way, it is avoided to direct it on a particular discharge and the disadvantage which results for the environment is removed.
  • nitrogen is used as inert gas.
  • nitrogen can be used particularly favorably in the process which is the subject of the invention.
  • the gas escaping from the bath is cooled by heat exchange with the inert gas which is introduced. If, for example, nitrogen gas is removed from a pressure tank containing liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the nitrogen gas drops, because the heat of evaporation is removed. If the nitrogen which is introduced by heat exchange is now heated, this leads to cooling of the nitrogen-vapor mixture of the solvent. Thereby the solvent vapor can condense and the liquid condensate can be collected while pure nitrogen escapes into the atmosphere.
  • the pickled objects are still impregnated with solvent.
  • inert gas is used to separate the solvent from the coating material.
  • the tank into which the solvent-coating material mixture is pumped can be reheated is lying. If nitrogen is used as the inert gas and the usual solvent, reheating involves a temperature of around 60 ° C.
  • the inert gas used for the evaporation and condensation of the solvent is preferably kept in a closed circuit, the quantity of inert gas required being thereby reduced to a minimum.
  • the product circulating in the circuit will preferably be made inert by means of an inert gas.
  • the process which is the subject of the invention is characterized by optimal reuse of the raw materials used. With very low operating costs, there is no production of waste. The quantities of products emitted with the process which is the subject of the invention are clearly below the authorities' recommendations. The amounts of energy necessary for implementing the process which is the subject of the invention are very low. Due to the handling of the solvent, which takes place only in an inert atmosphere, work safety is clearly better than average, the danger of fire and explosion being greatly reduced. The influences exerted on workstations with regard to noise and other nuisances are minimal. Finally, the process which is the subject of the invention can be largely automated.
  • An installation according to the invention of the type comprising at least one reservoir intended to receive the objects, which can be hermetically closed and which can be connected to an inert gas reservoir via a supply pipe and a shut-off valve, a tank of pickling product connected to the tank, and a condensing device intended to separate the pickling liquid from the inert gas during drying, is characterized in that the condensing device comprises a heat exchanger followed by a separator, the inert gas tank containing this gas in cryogenic form and being connected to the tank via this exchanger.
  • the installation which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to render the pickling tank inert before it is filled with solvent and drying of the pickled objects when the solvent-coating material mixture is removed. Between these stages of the process, shut-off valves are closed, which makes it possible to maintain at a relatively small value the quantity of inert gas necessary for such a process. Leakage of inert gas to the atmosphere, in particular during the drying phase, does not represent any disorder for the environment, since appropriate precautions make it possible to separate the solvent which is contained therein in the form of vapor.
  • Two tanks, 10 and 11, hermetically closed by a cover 12 or 13, are provided.
  • the tanks 10 and 11 can be connected to a nitrogen tank 16, via the supply lines 14 and 15, and stop valves V3 or V4.
  • the outlet of the nitrogen tank 16 can be closed directly using a shut-off valve V1.
  • the tanks 10 and 11 can be connected to the atmosphere by means of the valves V6 or V5, a pipe 17, an exchanger 18, a separator 19 and a pipe 20.
  • In the exchanger 18 is a coil 21, which constitutes a part of the supply line 14.
  • the tanks 10 and 11 are pickling tanks which are further equipped with ultrasonic generators, as indicated in 22 or 23.
  • the tanks 10 and 11 can be connected to a solvent tank 27 by means of a pump 24, pipes 25 or 26 and valves V9 and V10.
  • the tanks 10 and 11 can be connected to a thickening tank 31 by means of shut-off valves V8 and V7, lines 28 or 29 and a pump 30.
  • the supply line 32 to the tank d thickening 31 is provided with a heating device 33.
  • a fan 35 is arranged on an evacuation pipe 34, coming from the thickening tank 31. From the blowing side of the fan 35, the pipe 34 is directed towards the input of a recuperator 36, one of the outputs of which is connected to the evaporator 38 of a refrigeration unit designated, in general, by 39, by means of a pipe 37.
  • An outlet pipe 40 of the evaporator 38 is connected to a separator 41.
  • a line 42 leaving the separator 41 passes through the recuperator 36 and is connected to the line 32, upstream of the heating device 33.
  • the line 14 is connected to the line 42 or 32, by via a line 43 and a valve V2.
  • the separators 19 and 41 are provided with outlet pipes 44 or 45 which lead to a collecting pipe 46 which includes a pump 47 and which is connected to the solvent tank 27.
  • a pipe 48 comprising a valve V11 is connected to the thickening tank 31.
  • the stripping procedure then begins with the help of ultrasound.
  • valve V2 is opened, which makes it possible to render the condensation circuit consisting of the heating device 33, the thickening tank 31, the recuperator 36, the evaporator 38, the inert separator 41 as well as corresponding pipes.
  • valve V2 When a predetermined oxygen concentration is reached, the valve V2 is closed again. The heater 33 is turned on until a predetermined temperature is reached.
  • valve V8 opens and the pump 30 transports the mixture consisting of dissolved varnish and solvent into the thickening tank 31.
  • the mixture is designated by 46 .
  • valves V3 and V6 open.
  • the stream of nitrogen passing through the tank 10 dries the pickled parts.
  • the solvent-nitrogen vapor mixture passes through the exchanger 18.
  • the purified nitrogen escapes into the atmosphere through line 20.
  • the solvent coming from the separator 19 enters the solvent tank 27 via line 44 and using the pump 47.
  • the thickening phase takes place as follows in the tank 31.
  • the tempered nitrogen evaporates at a temperature of for example 60 ° C part of the solvent in the thickening tank 31.
  • the gaseous mixture of solvent and d nitrogen undergoes preliminary cooling in the recuperator 36 via the fan 35 and is sent to the evaporator 38 where the solvent vapor condenses.
  • the separator 41 the solvent and the nitrogen are separated.
  • the nitrogen is again reheated in the recuperator 36 and is brought into the heating device 33 to the desirable temperature for its introduction into the thickening tank 31.
  • the thickening phase lasts until the desirable viscosity of the varnish is reached.
  • the valve V11 opens so that the varnish can be transferred to suitable containers via the line 48.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the cleaning or stripping of coated objects. The coating is dissolved in a receiver tank rendered inert by means of nitrogen, by a solvent and the mixture of solvent and coating product is transferred into a thickening tank swamped by a heated nitrogen flow. The nitrogen-solvent mixture is separated by cooling and condensation of the solvents extracted. The invention is applied to the stripping of objects coated with paints and varnish.

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé et une installation de décapage d'objets pourvus d'un revêtement, du type décrit dans les préambules des revendications 1 et 9.The invention relates to a method and an installation for pickling objects provided with a coating, of the type described in the preambles of claims 1 and 9.

Dans un procédé connu de ce type (FR-A-423 281), le liquide de décapage, par exemple de la benzine, est pulvérisé sur les objets à décaper, afin de les dégraisser. Le liquide de décapage, mélangé avec la graisse dissoute, est collecté dans un vase disposé au-dessous du réservoir de traitement, et du liquide de décapage pur est récupéré à partir de ce mélange par distillation. Pendant le décapage règne dans le réservoir de traitement une atmosphère constituée d'un mélange d'air et de vapeurs du liquide de traitement. Après le décapage, du gaz inerte chauffé est introduit dans le réservoir. Le gaz sortant du réservoir est refroidi, et le condensat, constitué essentiellement du liquide de traitement, est séparé et renvoyé dans le vase de distillation.In a known process of this type (FR-A-423 281), the pickling liquid, for example benzine, is sprayed on the objects to be stripped, in order to degrease them. The pickling liquid, mixed with the dissolved grease, is collected in a vase placed below the treatment tank, and pure pickling liquid is recovered from this mixture by distillation. During pickling, an atmosphere consisting of a mixture of air and vapors of the treatment liquid prevails in the treatment tank. After pickling, heated inert gas is introduced into the tank. The gas leaving the tank is cooled, and the condensate, essentially consisting of the treatment liquid, is separated and returned to the distillation vessel.

Toutefois, de cette manière, on ne peut pas séparer la totalité de l'agent de décapage pendant le séchage ; au contraire, une quantité importante de ce dernier reste dans le circuit. Lorsque, après le séchage, on ouvre le réservoir pour sortir les objets décapés, une quantité non négligeable d'agent de décapage s'échappe dans l'atmosphère. Il en résulte non seulement une pollution de l'environnement, mais également une diminution de la quantité d'agent de décapage disponible, de sorte que ce dernier doit constamment être renouvelé. Ceci est aggravé par le fait que lors de l'introduction du gaz inerte de chauffage, une partie de la phase gazeuse doit être évacuée dans l'atmosphère, ce qui provoque de nouveau une pollution de l'environnement et une perte d'agent de décapage.However, in this way, not all of the pickling agent can be removed during drying; on the contrary, a significant amount of the latter remains in the circuit. When, after drying, the tank is opened to remove the pickled objects, a significant quantity of pickling agent escapes into the atmosphere. This not only results in pollution of the environment, but also a reduction in the amount of stripping agent available, so that the latter must constantly be renewed. This is aggravated by the fact that during the introduction of the inert heating gas, part of the gas phase must be evacuated into the atmosphere, which again causes pollution of the environment and loss of agent. pickling.

Par ailleurs, malgré l'introduction de gaz inerte pour le séchage, il reste dans le réservoir une quantité plus ou moins importante d'oxygène pendant le décapage, de sorte que le danger d'incendie ou d'explosion n'est pas complètement écarté.In addition, despite the introduction of inert gas for drying, there remains in the tank a more or less significant quantity of oxygen during the pickling, so that the danger of fire or explosion is not completely eliminated .

L'invention a pour but de fournir un procédé de décapage qui ne comporte aucun risque notable d'incendie, même si l'on utilise des agents de décapage inflammables ou explosifs, et qui ne conduise à aucune pollution notable de l'environnement, tout en minimisant les pertes d'agent de décapage.The object of the invention is to provide a stripping process which does not involve any significant risk of fire, even if flammable or explosive stripping agents are used, and which does not lead to any significant pollution of the environment, any minimizing the loss of pickling agent.

Ce problème est résolu suivant l'invention de la manière décrite dans la partie caractérisante de la nouvelle revendication 1.This problem is solved according to the invention as described in the characterizing part of the new claim 1.

Dans le cas du procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention, l'élimination des couches, par exemple le décapage d'un vernis, a lieu avec un solvant qui est connu en soi mais, conformément à l'invention, le procédé a donc lieu sous atmosphère inerte. On évite ainsi tout danger d'incendie ou d'explosion lors du décapage du revêtement. Une fois le décapage effectué, le gaz inerte peut être évacué dans l'atmosphère, en passant éventuellement par un dispositif de séparation approprié, sans que des substances novices ne soient entraînées. Le gaz inerte utilisé dans le procédé d'élimination des couches sert également pour la séparation du solvant et du matériau formant le revêtement protecteur. A cet effet, le gaz inerte évacue le solvant vaporisé et le porte à condensation dans un dispositif approprié. Le solvant séparé peut alors être réutilisé dans le processus opératoire, l'utilisation de produits chimiques polluants et onéreux étant maintenue de ce fait dans des limites très faibles lors de la mise en oeuvre du procédé.In the case of the process which is the subject of the invention, the removal of the layers, for example the pickling of a varnish, takes place with a solvent which is known per se but, according to the invention, the process has therefore takes place under an inert atmosphere. This avoids any risk of fire or explosion when stripping the coating. Once the pickling has been carried out, the inert gas can be discharged into the atmosphere, possibly passing through an appropriate separation device, without novice substances being entrained. The inert gas used in the layer removal process is also used for the separation of the solvent and the material forming the protective coating. For this purpose, the inert gas evacuates the vaporized solvent and carries it to condensation in an appropriate device. The separated solvent can then be reused in the operating process, the use of polluting and expensive chemicals being therefore kept within very low limits during the implementation of the process.

Lors de la séparation du solvant hors du mélange solvant-matériau de revêtement, on peut obtenir une concentration appropriée de ce mélange afin de le rendre réutilisable. Ceci est par exemple le cas de l'élimination du vernis. Le vernis mélangé dans le solvant peut être réutilisé avec la concentration souhaitée pour un nouveau procédé de vernissage, pour l'obtention de pigments, etc... De la sorte, on évite de le diriger sur une décharge particulière et l'inconvénient qui en résulte pour l'environnement est supprimé.When the solvent is separated from the solvent-coating material mixture, an appropriate concentration of this mixture can be obtained in order to make it reusable. This is for example the case of removing the varnish. The varnish mixed in the solvent can be reused with the desired concentration for a new varnishing process, for obtaining pigments, etc. In this way, it is avoided to direct it on a particular discharge and the disadvantage which results for the environment is removed.

Dans une version du procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention, on utilise l'azote comme gaz inerte. En tant que gaz industriel facile à manipuler l'azote peut être utilisé de manière particulièrement favorable dans le procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention.In a version of the process which is the subject of the invention, nitrogen is used as inert gas. As an easy-to-handle industrial gas, nitrogen can be used particularly favorably in the process which is the subject of the invention.

Il n'est pas possible d'éviter entièrement que du gaz inerte, s'échappant du bain, entraîne du solvant vaporisé. Par conséquent, selon une modalité de l'invention, on prévoit que le gaz s'échappant du bain soit refroidi par échange de chaleur avec le gaz inerte qui est introduit. Si l'on retire par exemple de l'azote gazeux d'un réservoir sous pression contenant de l'azote liquide, la température de l'azote gazeux s'abaisse, car on lui retire la chaleur d'évaporation. Si l'on réchauffe maintenant l'azote que l'on introduit par échange de chaleur, ceci conduit à un refroidissement du mélange azote-vapeur du solvant. Par ce fait la vapeur du solvant peut se condenser et l'on peut recueillir le condensat liquide tandis que de l'azote pur s'échappe dans l'atmosphère.It is not entirely possible to avoid inert gas escaping from the bath entraining vaporized solvent. Consequently, according to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the gas escaping from the bath is cooled by heat exchange with the inert gas which is introduced. If, for example, nitrogen gas is removed from a pressure tank containing liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the nitrogen gas drops, because the heat of evaporation is removed. If the nitrogen which is introduced by heat exchange is now heated, this leads to cooling of the nitrogen-vapor mixture of the solvent. Thereby the solvent vapor can condense and the liquid condensate can be collected while pure nitrogen escapes into the atmosphere.

Lorsque l'on extrait du bain le mélange solvant-matériau de revêtement, les objets décapés sont encore imprégnés de solvant. Pour cette raison, selon une autre modalité de l'invention, on propose, lorsque le mélange solvant-matériau de revêtement est retiré du bain, de sécher les objets décapés avec du gaz inerte et que le solvant soit séparé du courant de gaz inerte et de vapeur de solvant et soit recueilli.When the solvent-coating material mixture is extracted from the bath, the pickled objects are still impregnated with solvent. For this reason, according to another embodiment of the invention, it is proposed, when the solvent-coating material mixture is removed from the bath, to dry the pickled objects with inert gas and for the solvent to be separated from the inert gas stream and solvent vapor and be collected.

L'étape de procédé indiqué en dernier lieu est réalisée de la manière décrite ci-dessus.The process step indicated last is carried out as described above.

Ainsi qu'on l'a déjà expliqué, le gaz inerte est utilisé pour séparer le solvant du matériau de revêtement. A cet effet, selon une modalité de l'invention, on prévoit de réchauffer le gaz inerte pour l'évaporation du solvant. En variante, on peut réchauffer le réservoir dans lequel est pompé le mélange solvant-matériau de revêtement. En cas d'utilisation d'azote comme gaz inerte et de solvant usuel, le réchauffage porte sur une température d'environ 60 °C.As already explained, inert gas is used to separate the solvent from the coating material. To this end, according to one embodiment of the invention, provision is made to reheat the inert gas for the evaporation of the solvent. Alternatively, the tank into which the solvent-coating material mixture is pumped can be reheated is lying. If nitrogen is used as the inert gas and the usual solvent, reheating involves a temperature of around 60 ° C.

Afin d'assurer une meilleure utilisation de l'énergie du procédé de séparation basé sur la condensation, selon une autre version de l'invention, on prévoit de refroidir le mélange vapeur de solvant-gaz inerte par échange de chaleur avec le gaz inerte plus froid libéré après la condensation de la vapeur du solvant.In order to ensure better use of the energy of the separation process based on condensation, according to another version of the invention, provision is made to cool the solvent vapor-inert gas mixture by heat exchange with the inert gas more cold released after condensation of solvent vapor.

Le gaz inerte servant à l'évaporation et à la condensation du solvant est de préférence maintenu en circuit fermé, la quantité de gaz inerte nécessaire étant de ce fait réduite à un minimum. Avant le début de la séparation, le produit circulant dans le circuit sera de préférence rendu inerte au moyen d'un gaz inerte.The inert gas used for the evaporation and condensation of the solvent is preferably kept in a closed circuit, the quantity of inert gas required being thereby reduced to a minimum. Before the start of the separation, the product circulating in the circuit will preferably be made inert by means of an inert gas.

Ainsi qu'il ressort des explications précédentes, le procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention se caractérise par une réutilisation optimale des matières premières utilisées. Avec des coûts d'exploitation très faibles, il n'y a aucune production de déchets. Les quantités de produits émises avec le procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention sont nettement en dessous des recommandations des autorités. Les quantités d'énergie nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre du procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention sont très faibles. Du fait d'une manipulation du solvant qui a lieu uniquement en atmosphère inerte, la sécurité de travail est nettement meilleure que la moyenne, le danger d'incendie et d'explosion étant fortement réduit. Les influences exercées sur les postes de travail en ce qui concerne le bruit et les autres nuisances sont minimales. Enfin, le procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention peut être largement automatisé.As is apparent from the preceding explanations, the process which is the subject of the invention is characterized by optimal reuse of the raw materials used. With very low operating costs, there is no production of waste. The quantities of products emitted with the process which is the subject of the invention are clearly below the authorities' recommendations. The amounts of energy necessary for implementing the process which is the subject of the invention are very low. Due to the handling of the solvent, which takes place only in an inert atmosphere, work safety is clearly better than average, the danger of fire and explosion being greatly reduced. The influences exerted on workstations with regard to noise and other nuisances are minimal. Finally, the process which is the subject of the invention can be largely automated.

Diverses installations appropriées sont possibles pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention. Une installation conforme à l'invention, du type comprenant au moins un réservoir destiné à recevoir les objets, pouvant être fermé hermétiquement et pouvant être raccordé à un réservoir de gaz inerte par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite d'amenée et d'une soupape d'arrêt, un réservoir de produit de décapage relié au réservoir, et un dispositif condenseur destiné à séparer le liquide de décapage du gaz inerte lors du séchage, est caractérisée en ce que le dispositif condenseur comprend un échangeur de chaleur suivi d'un séparateur, le réservoir à gaz inerte contenant ce gaz sous forme cryogénique et étant relié au réservoir par l'intermédiaire de cet échangeur.Various suitable installations are possible for implementing the process which is the subject of the invention. An installation according to the invention, of the type comprising at least one reservoir intended to receive the objects, which can be hermetically closed and which can be connected to an inert gas reservoir via a supply pipe and a shut-off valve, a tank of pickling product connected to the tank, and a condensing device intended to separate the pickling liquid from the inert gas during drying, is characterized in that the condensing device comprises a heat exchanger followed by a separator, the inert gas tank containing this gas in cryogenic form and being connected to the tank via this exchanger.

L'installation faisant l'objet de l'invention permet de rendre inerte le réservoir de décapage avant son remplissage avec du solvant et un séchage des objets décapés lorsque le mélange solvant-matériau de revêtement est évacué. Entre ces phases du procédé, des soupapes d'arrêt sont fermées, ce qui permet de maintenir à une valeur relativement peu importante la quantité de gaz inerte nécessaire pour un tel procédé. Les fuites de gaz inerte vers l'atmosphère, en particulier lors de la phase de séchage, ne représentent aucun trouble pour l'environnement, car des précautions appropriées permettent de séparer le solvant qui y est contenu sous forme de vapeur.The installation which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to render the pickling tank inert before it is filled with solvent and drying of the pickled objects when the solvent-coating material mixture is removed. Between these stages of the process, shut-off valves are closed, which makes it possible to maintain at a relatively small value the quantity of inert gas necessary for such a process. Leakage of inert gas to the atmosphere, in particular during the drying phase, does not represent any disorder for the environment, since appropriate precautions make it possible to separate the solvent which is contained therein in the form of vapor.

Un exemple d'exécution est expliqué ci-dessous en référence à la figure unique qui montre, schématiquement, une installation permettant de mettre en oeuvre le procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention.An exemplary embodiment is explained below with reference to the single figure which shows, schematically, an installation making it possible to implement the method which is the subject of the invention.

Deux réservoirs, 10 et 11, fermés hermétiquement par un couvercle 12 ou 13, sont prévus. Les réservoirs 10 et 11 peuvent être reliés à un réservoir d'azote 16, par l'intermédiaire des conduites d'amenées 14 et 15, et des soupapes d'arrêt V3 ou V4. La sortie du réservoir d'azote 16 peut être fermée directement à l'aide d'une soupape d'arrêt V1. Les réservoirs 10 et 11 peuvent être reliés à l'atmosphère par l'intermédiaire des soupapes V6 ou V5, d'une conduite 17, d'un échangeur 18, d'un séparateur 19 et d'une conduite 20. Dans l'échangeur 18 se trouve un serpentin 21, qui constitue une partie de la conduite d'amenée 14.Two tanks, 10 and 11, hermetically closed by a cover 12 or 13, are provided. The tanks 10 and 11 can be connected to a nitrogen tank 16, via the supply lines 14 and 15, and stop valves V3 or V4. The outlet of the nitrogen tank 16 can be closed directly using a shut-off valve V1. The tanks 10 and 11 can be connected to the atmosphere by means of the valves V6 or V5, a pipe 17, an exchanger 18, a separator 19 and a pipe 20. In the exchanger 18 is a coil 21, which constitutes a part of the supply line 14.

Les réservoirs 10 et 11 sont des réservoirs de décapage qui sont équipés, en outre, de générateurs à ultra-sons, comme indiqué en 22 ou 23. Les réservoirs 10 et 11 peuvent être reliés à un réservoir de solvant 27 par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe 24, des conduites 25 ou 26 et des soupapes V9 et V10.The tanks 10 and 11 are pickling tanks which are further equipped with ultrasonic generators, as indicated in 22 or 23. The tanks 10 and 11 can be connected to a solvent tank 27 by means of a pump 24, pipes 25 or 26 and valves V9 and V10.

Les réservoirs 10 et 11 peuvent être reliés à un réservoir d'épaississement 31 par l'intermédiaire des soupapes d'arrêt V8 et V7, des conduites 28 ou 29 et d'une pompe 30. La conduite d'amenée 32 vers le réservoir d'épaississement 31 est munie d'un dispositif de chauffage 33. Un ventilateur 35 est disposé sur une conduite d'évacuation 34, provenant du réservoir d'épaississement 31. A partir du côté soufflant du ventilateur 35, la conduite 34 se dirige sur l'entrée d'un récupérateur 36 dont l'une des sorties est reliée à l'évaporateur 38 d'un groupe frigorifique désigné, en général, par 39, au moyen d'une conduite 37. Une conduite de sortie 40 de l'évaporateur 38 est reliée à un séparateur 41. Une conduite 42 sortant du séparateur 41 passe au travers du récupérateur 36 et est reliée à la conduite 32, en amont du dispositif de chauffage 33. La conduite 14 est reliée à la conduite 42 ou 32, par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite 43 et d'une vanne V2.The tanks 10 and 11 can be connected to a thickening tank 31 by means of shut-off valves V8 and V7, lines 28 or 29 and a pump 30. The supply line 32 to the tank d thickening 31 is provided with a heating device 33. A fan 35 is arranged on an evacuation pipe 34, coming from the thickening tank 31. From the blowing side of the fan 35, the pipe 34 is directed towards the input of a recuperator 36, one of the outputs of which is connected to the evaporator 38 of a refrigeration unit designated, in general, by 39, by means of a pipe 37. An outlet pipe 40 of the evaporator 38 is connected to a separator 41. A line 42 leaving the separator 41 passes through the recuperator 36 and is connected to the line 32, upstream of the heating device 33. The line 14 is connected to the line 42 or 32, by via a line 43 and a valve V2.

Les séparateurs 19 et 41 sont munis de conduites de sortie 44 ou 45 qui conduisent à une conduite collectrice 46 qui comporte une pompe 47 et qui est reliée au réservoir de solvant 27.The separators 19 and 41 are provided with outlet pipes 44 or 45 which lead to a collecting pipe 46 which includes a pump 47 and which is connected to the solvent tank 27.

A la partie inférieure, une conduite 48 comportant une soupape V11 est reliée au réservoir d'épaississement 31.At the lower part, a pipe 48 comprising a valve V11 is connected to the thickening tank 31.

L'installation décrite fonctionne comme suit :

  • Le couvercle 12 étant ouvert, les pièces à décaper sont accorchées à la main dans le réservoir de décapage 10. Après son remplissage, le réservoir 10 est fermé hermétiquement. On ouvre alors les soupapes V1, V3 et V6. L'azote pénètre dans le réservoir 10, ressort de celui-ci à l'air libre en passant par l'échangeur 18 et le séparateur 19. En même temps, de l'air est extrait. Dès que la teneur en oxygène atteint une valeur inférieure à 3 % de volume, les soupapes V3 et V6 sont fermées. En même temps, ou juste après, la pompe 24 est enclenchée et la soupape V9 ouverte, du solvant étant pompé dans le réservoir de décapage 10, comme indiqué en 45 a. Lorsqu'un degré de remplissage prédéterminé est atteint, la soupape V9 est à nouveau fermée et la pompe 24 arrêtée.
The installation described works as follows:
  • The cover 12 being open, the parts to be stripped are hung by hand in the pickling tank 10. After filling, the tank 10 is hermetically closed. The valves V1, V3 and V6 are then opened. The nitrogen enters the reservoir 10, leaves it in the open air passing through the exchanger 18 and the separator 19. At the same time, air is extracted. As soon as the oxygen content reaches a value below 3% volume, valves V3 and V6 are closed. At the same time, or just after, the pump 24 is started and the valve V9 open, solvent being pumped into the pickling tank 10, as indicated in 45 a. When a predetermined degree of filling is reached, the valve V9 is closed again and the pump 24 stopped.

La procédure de décapage commence alors avec l'aide d'ultra-sons.The stripping procedure then begins with the help of ultrasound.

En même temps, ou plus tard, la soupape V2 est ouverte, ce qui permet de rendre inerte le circuit de condensation se composant du dispositif de chauffage 33, du réservoir d'épaississement 31, du récupérateur 36, de l'évaporateur 38, du séparateur 41 ainsi que des conduites correspondantes.At the same time, or later, the valve V2 is opened, which makes it possible to render the condensation circuit consisting of the heating device 33, the thickening tank 31, the recuperator 36, the evaporator 38, the inert separator 41 as well as corresponding pipes.

Lorsqu'une concentration d'oxygène prédéterminée est atteinte, la soupape V2 est à nouveau fermée. Le dispositif de chauffage 33 est mis en route jusqu'à ce qu'une température prédéterminée soit atteinte.When a predetermined oxygen concentration is reached, the valve V2 is closed again. The heater 33 is turned on until a predetermined temperature is reached.

Lorsque la phase de décapage est terminée, la soupape V8 s'ouvre et la pompe 30 transporte le mélange se composant de vernis dissous et de solvant dans le réservoir d'épaississement 31. Dans le réservoir d'épaississement 31 le mélange est désigné par 46.When the pickling phase is finished, the valve V8 opens and the pump 30 transports the mixture consisting of dissolved varnish and solvent into the thickening tank 31. In the thickening tank 31 the mixture is designated by 46 .

En même temps, ou plus tard, les soupapes V3 et V6 s'ouvrent. Le courant d'azote traversant le réservoir 10 sèche les pièces décapées. Le mélange vapeur de solvant-azote passe par l'échangeur 18. Le solvant se condense dans cet échangeur et est séparé dans le séparateur 19. L'azote purifié s'échappe dans l'atmosphère par la conduite 20. Le solvant provenant du séparateur 19 pénètre dans le réservoir de solvant 27 par la conduite 44 et à l'aide de la pompe 47.At the same time, or later, the valves V3 and V6 open. The stream of nitrogen passing through the tank 10 dries the pickled parts. The solvent-nitrogen vapor mixture passes through the exchanger 18. The solvent condenses in this exchanger and is separated in the separator 19. The purified nitrogen escapes into the atmosphere through line 20. The solvent coming from the separator 19 enters the solvent tank 27 via line 44 and using the pump 47.

Après achèvement de la phase de séchage, le réservoir 10 est rempli d'air. Dès que la teneur en oxygène atteint au moins 19 % de volume, le couvercle 12 s'ouvre automatiquement et les pièces décapées et nettoyées peuvent être extraites. La phase de décapage peut alors être répétée de la manière décrite ci-dessus.After completion of the drying phase, the reservoir 10 is filled with air. As soon as the oxygen content reaches at least 19% of volume, the cover 12 opens automatically and the pickled and cleaned parts can be extracted. The pickling phase can then be repeated as described above.

Entre temps, la phase d'épaississement se déroule comme suit dans le réservoir 31. L'azote tempéré évapore à une température de par exemple 60 °C une partie du solvant dans le réservoir d'épaississement 31. Le mélange gazeux de solvant et d'azote subit un refroidissement préliminaire dans le récupérateur 36 par l'intermédiaire du ventilateur 35 et est envoyé dans l'évaporateur 38 où la vapeur de solvant se condense. Dans le séparateur 41 le solvant et l'azote sont séparés. L'azote est à nouveau réchauffé dans le récupérateur 36 et est porté dans le dispositif de chauffage 33 à la température souhaitable pour son introduction dans le réservoir d'épaississement 31. La phase d'épaississement dure jusqu'à ce que la viscosité souhaitable du vernis soit atteinte. Lorsque la phase d'épaississement est terminée, la soupape V11 s'ouvre de manière à ce que le vernis puisse être transvasé dans des conteneurs appropriés par l'intermédiaire de la conduite 48.Meanwhile, the thickening phase takes place as follows in the tank 31. The tempered nitrogen evaporates at a temperature of for example 60 ° C part of the solvent in the thickening tank 31. The gaseous mixture of solvent and d nitrogen undergoes preliminary cooling in the recuperator 36 via the fan 35 and is sent to the evaporator 38 where the solvent vapor condenses. In the separator 41 the solvent and the nitrogen are separated. The nitrogen is again reheated in the recuperator 36 and is brought into the heating device 33 to the desirable temperature for its introduction into the thickening tank 31. The thickening phase lasts until the desirable viscosity of the varnish is reached. When the thickening phase is complete, the valve V11 opens so that the varnish can be transferred to suitable containers via the line 48.

Les températures utilisées dans le circuit d'épaississement sont indiquées sur la figure. Elles ne doivent toutefois pas être considérées comme limitatives.The temperatures used in the thickening circuit are shown in the figure. However, they should not be considered as limiting.

Il est évident qu'une phase de décapage peut aussi être réalisée en parallèle, ou avec décalage, dans le réservoir 11.It is obvious that a pickling phase can also be carried out in parallel, or with offset, in the tank 11.

L'exemple d'exécution peut être montre que le procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention peut être mis en oeuvre avec des composants et des appareils usuels et que les fabrications spéciales onéreuses sont évitées.The example of execution can be shown that the process which is the subject of the invention can be implemented with usual components and apparatuses and that expensive special manufacturing is avoided.

Claims (15)

1. Process for removing coatings from objects provided with coating, of thù type whereby one introduces the said objects into a hermetically closed container (11, 12), one treats these with a stripping liquid, one collects the mixture of stripping liquid and the stripped material and one separates the stripping liquid from the stripped material, inert drying gas being introduced into the container after completing the stripping operation and the gas leaving the container being partially condensed for separating the stripping liquid, characterized in that the inert gas is stored in cryogenic form ; that after the introduction of the objects into the container (10, 11) and before the stripping operation one renders this container inert by means of the said inert gas until one obtains a remaining amount of oxygen of 3 % by volume ; that the gas leaving the inert rendered container heats the inert gas introduced into the container by heat exchange ; and that one partially condenses the gas leaving the container during the drying by cooling this gas by heat exchange with the inert gas introduced into the container.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that one utilizes as inert gas nitrogen stored in liquid form.
3. Process according to one of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the mixture of stripping liquid and stripped coating is collected in a separating container (31), that the heated inert gas is introduced into this separating container for the evaporation of the stripping liquid and that the vaporized stripped product then is condensed until one obtains a sufficient concentration of stripped coating.
4. Process according to claim 3, characterized in that the inert gas is heated to about 60 °C.
5. Process according to one of the claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the inert gas serving for the vaporization and condensation of the stripping product is maintained in a closed circuit.
6. Process according to claim 5, characterized in that the mixture of vapor of the stripping product and the inert gas leaving the separating container (31) undergoes a preliminary cooling by heat exchange with the colder inert gas released after the condensation of the vapor of the stripping product.
7. Process according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the circuit of passage of the inert gas or of the mixture inert gas - vapor of the stripping product is first rendered inert with the inert gas for the condensation of the vapor of the stripping product.
8. Process according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the stripping bath is excited by ultrasonics.
9. Installation for removing coatings from objects provided with a coating, of the type comprising at least one container (10, 11) defined to receive the objects, capable of being hermetically closed and being connected to a container of inert gas (16) by means of a supply conduit (14, 15) and a check valve (V3, V4), a container for stripping product (31) connected to the container and a condensing device (18, 19) defined to separate the stripping liquid from the inert gas during the drying, characterized in that the condensing device (18, 19) comprises a heat exchanger (21, 18) followed by a separator (19), the container for inert gas (16) containing this gas under cryogenic form and being connected to the container (10, 11) by means of this exchanger (18, 21).
10. Installation according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises at least one thickening container (31) connected to the stripping container (10, 11) and to the container (16) for inert gas, and that a discharge conduit (34) connected to the thickening container (31) is directed to a separator (41) by means of a second heat exchanger (38) fed with refrigerant.
11. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that the said second heat exchanger is the evaporator (38) of a refrigerator (39).
12. Installation according to one of the claims 10 and 11, characterized in that it comprises a conduit (42 or 32) defined to bring back into the thickening container (31) the inert gas released from the stripping product condensed by means of the said second exchanger (38).
13. Installation according to claim 12, characterized in that a heating device (33) is disposed in the said conduit (42 or 32).
14. Installation according to one of the claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the discharging conduit (34) originating from the thickening container (31) and the conduit (42 or 32) leading to this container, are brought into thermal exchange relationship by means of a heat accumulator (36).
15. Installation according to one of the claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the exits of the separator or the separators (19, 41) are connected to the container for the stripping product (27).
EP82402096A 1981-11-19 1982-11-17 Process and apparatus for removing coatings from objects Expired EP0080407B1 (en)

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AT82402096T ATE18741T1 (en) 1981-11-19 1982-11-17 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMOVING LAYERS FROM OBJECTS.

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DE3145815 1981-11-17
DE3145815A DE3145815C2 (en) 1981-11-19 1981-11-19 Process for removing peelable layers of material from coated objects,

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EP0080407A2 EP0080407A2 (en) 1983-06-01
EP0080407A3 EP0080407A3 (en) 1983-11-23
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DE3145815C2 (en) 1984-08-09
ES8401532A1 (en) 1983-12-01
ES517399A0 (en) 1983-12-01
JPS58117883A (en) 1983-07-13
EP0080407A2 (en) 1983-06-01
AU559944B2 (en) 1987-03-26
CA1195594A (en) 1985-10-22
AU9043482A (en) 1983-05-26
ZA827979B (en) 1983-09-28
DE3145815A1 (en) 1983-06-09
ATE18741T1 (en) 1986-04-15
US4474199A (en) 1984-10-02
EP0080407A3 (en) 1983-11-23

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