EP0078612B1 - Smoke extraction device - Google Patents
Smoke extraction device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0078612B1 EP0078612B1 EP19820305287 EP82305287A EP0078612B1 EP 0078612 B1 EP0078612 B1 EP 0078612B1 EP 19820305287 EP19820305287 EP 19820305287 EP 82305287 A EP82305287 A EP 82305287A EP 0078612 B1 EP0078612 B1 EP 0078612B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fan
- smoke outlet
- guard
- smoke
- operate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/14—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in connection with doors, windows, ventilators, partitions, or shutters, e.g. automatic closing
Definitions
- This invention relates to a smoke extraction device.
- a smoke extraction device which comprises a smoke outlet, a fan positioned to draw gaseous and particulate material through the smoke outlet, the fan comprising a motor and an impeller both of which are mounted in the smoke outlet and a spraying device for providing a spray of water in the smoke outlet, the fan and spraying device being arranged to operate at least partly simultaneously, thereby to form a film of water on the fan.
- a smoke outlet provided in the roof of a building is often provided with a bird guard which takes the form of a wire mesh or other apertured screen covering the outlet.
- These guards can become blocked by debris, either debris such as leaves falling on the screens from outside or debris such as ash deposited on the inside during the course of a fire.
- a smoke extraction device comprising a smoke outlet, an apertured guard movable between a first position in which it covers the outlet and a second position in which it does not, and means for causing the guard to move from the said first position to the said second position in the event of a fire.
- Figure 1 shows the roof 1 of a building in which there is provided a smoke outlet 2.
- An extractor fan 3 is mounted in the outlet 2, the fan comprising an impeller 4 rotatably driven by a motor 5.
- the impeller serves to eject gaseous and particulate material upwardly and outwardly so that the material leaves through channels 6. Allowing materials to leave only through the channels 6 and not through the region between the channels increases the exit velocity of the material so that the material is thrown to a greater height than would otherwise be the case. This is helpful, for example, as regards the operations of fire-fighting personnel operating outside the building.
- the channels 6 are closable by bird guards 7 which is shown in Figure 3.
- Each guard is mounted by means of a hinge 8 and is normally closed by a link 9.
- the link is formed of a fusible material such that if the temperature rises sufficiently, as will occur if a fire breaks out, the link melts and the guard 7 automatically moves upwards, for example under the influence of a spring (not shown).
- a water spraying device 10 is arranged below the fan and is designed to direct spray at the motor 5.
- the spraying device 10 comprises four apertured tubes 11 mounted on the ends of arms 12 through which water is fed from a central inlet pipe 13 controlled by a control member 14.
- Figure 4 shows a smoke outlet 102 which is located in the roof of a building.
- An extractor fan 103 is mounted in the outlet 102, the fan comprising an impeller 104 of the mixed flow type rotatably driven by a motor (not shown) which is positioned immediately below the impeller.
- the impeller serves to eject gaseous and particulate material upwardly and outwardly so that the material leaves through channels 106.
- Each channel 106 is closable by bird guards 107.
- Each guard is mounted by means of a hinge 108 and is normally closed by a catch 109.
- the guards are spring-biassed to their open positions, but are normally closed against the spring bias by the catches 109.
- the bird guards 107 are apertured to allow gas and debirs to pass therethrough. If, however, the apertures in the guards become blocked, or substantially blocked, as a result of debris collecting thereon, the air pressure below the guards, resulting from the operation of the fan, will be sufficient to overcome the holding force of the catches 109 and will thus allow the guards to spring open into the position indicated in Figure 5.
- a fixed cover 120 is mounted immediately above the fan.
- a pair of plates 121 which are mounted for pivotal movement, as indicated by the arrows X, about horizontal axes located at the lower ends of the plates.
- the plates 121 are mounted for pivotal movement between an open position (illustrated in Figure 4) in which gas and debris is free to pass into the channels 106, and a closed position in which lips 122 at the upper edges of the plates 121 engage over corresponding lips 123 on the fixed cover 120.
- an additional means is provided for moving the plates 121 to their open position, this means comprising an arm 124 mounted for pivotal movement about a central vertical axis.
- the arm 124 is normally held in a position parallel to the plates 121 by means of a link 125, against the force of a spring which tends to bias it into the position illustrated.
- the link 125 is fusible and is arranged to melt at a predetermined temperature, say 72°C.
- a water spraying device 110 is arranged below the fan and is designed to direct spray at, or into the region adjacent to, the motor which propels the fan.
- the spraying device comprises a square casing 130 provided with a flange 131 which rests on the upper surface of the material defining the outlet 102.
- Water is fed from a central inlet pipe 113 via a control member 114 to a pair of arms 112 at the outer ends of which are two nozzles 132 of the window drench type. These nozzles have arcuate openings 133 which extend over an angle of more than 90°.
- the nozzles 132 provide a substantially continuous curtain of water across the interior of the casing 130, so that all gas and debris passing the opening 102 must pass through the curtain.
- the number of nozzles 132 may be varied as desired, and in a small installation a single nozzle might suffice, whereas in a large installation four nozzles, one at each corner might be used.
- the control member 114 comprises a glass bulb which is arranged to break at a predetermined temperature, for example 93°C. When the glass breaks water is able to pass from the central inlet pipe into the arms 112 and thence through the nozzles 132.
- the fan is mounted in a housing which contains a downwardly depending skirt 134, the skirt passing over the outside of the flange 131 and over the outside of the outlet 102.
- the fan operates continuously, whether or not a fire is detected, leaving only the nozzles to come into operation when a fire occurs.
- the drawings show the smoke extraction device according to the invention mounted on the roof of a building.
- the interior of the building may communicate with the exterior through a duct and for the smoke extraction device to be mounted in that duct. This may be preferred in some circumstances, for example, where the roof is not strong enough to carry the weight of the smoke extraction device, or where extraction is required from a lower floor than that immediately below the roof.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Description
- This invention relates to a smoke extraction device.
- It is known to provide buildings with smoke extraction devices, for example in the form of fans, which are designed to extract smoke from the buildings should a fire occur. In some types of buildings the use of such smoke extraction devices is required by law. Known smoke extraction devices suffer from a number of disadvantages. One is the risk of sparks and burning debris being ejected from the building and starting a secondary fire. Where the smoke extraction device includes a fan there are further disadvantages. Thus, the fan and its motor must be capable of handling gases which are at high temperatures (typically 600°C or more). Furthermore, it is difficult to make the fans insensitive to the sudden temperature peaks which are liable to occur during the course of a fire.
- According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a smoke extraction device which comprises a smoke outlet, a fan positioned to draw gaseous and particulate material through the smoke outlet, the fan comprising a motor and an impeller both of which are mounted in the smoke outlet and a spraying device for providing a spray of water in the smoke outlet, the fan and spraying device being arranged to operate at least partly simultaneously, thereby to form a film of water on the fan.
- A smoke outlet provided in the roof of a building is often provided with a bird guard which takes the form of a wire mesh or other apertured screen covering the outlet. These guards can become blocked by debris, either debris such as leaves falling on the screens from outside or debris such as ash deposited on the inside during the course of a fire. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the invention there is provided a smoke extraction device comprising a smoke outlet, an apertured guard movable between a first position in which it covers the outlet and a second position in which it does not, and means for causing the guard to move from the said first position to the said second position in the event of a fire.
- The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 is a vertical section through a device according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a perspective view, on a larger scale, showing part of the device of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a scrap view on the circle A in Figure 1 showing a detail of the device of Figure 1;
- Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of the invention: and
- Figure 5 is a scrap view on the circle B in Figure 4, showing a detail of the device of Figure 4.
- Figure 1 shows the roof 1 of a building in which there is provided a
smoke outlet 2. Anextractor fan 3 is mounted in theoutlet 2, the fan comprising animpeller 4 rotatably driven by amotor 5. The impeller serves to eject gaseous and particulate material upwardly and outwardly so that the material leaves throughchannels 6. Allowing materials to leave only through thechannels 6 and not through the region between the channels increases the exit velocity of the material so that the material is thrown to a greater height than would otherwise be the case. This is helpful, for example, as regards the operations of fire-fighting personnel operating outside the building. - The
channels 6 are closable bybird guards 7 which is shown in Figure 3. Each guard is mounted by means of a hinge 8 and is normally closed by alink 9. The link is formed of a fusible material such that if the temperature rises sufficiently, as will occur if a fire breaks out, the link melts and theguard 7 automatically moves upwards, for example under the influence of a spring (not shown). - A
water spraying device 10 is arranged below the fan and is designed to direct spray at themotor 5. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2 thespraying device 10 comprises four aperturedtubes 11 mounted on the ends ofarms 12 through which water is fed from acentral inlet pipe 13 controlled by acontrol member 14. - If a fire occurs this is sensed by appropriate means which cause the
control 14 to allow water to pass through thepipes pipes 11 from which the water passes outwardly in the form of a spray. The sprayed water keeps the motor, and the impeller, relatively cool, by the formation of a film of water thereon, so that it can handle smoke and gas which are at a much higher temperature than it could otherwise handle. The jets of water also make the fan much less sensitive to some temperature peaks. Furthermore, the spraying of water reduces the chance of sparks and burning debris being ejected by the fan, and thus reduces the risk of starting secondary fires. - Reference will now be made to the embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings. Figure 4 shows a
smoke outlet 102 which is located in the roof of a building. Anextractor fan 103 is mounted in theoutlet 102, the fan comprising animpeller 104 of the mixed flow type rotatably driven by a motor (not shown) which is positioned immediately below the impeller. The impeller serves to eject gaseous and particulate material upwardly and outwardly so that the material leaves throughchannels 106. Eachchannel 106 is closable bybird guards 107. Each guard is mounted by means of ahinge 108 and is normally closed by acatch 109. The guards are spring-biassed to their open positions, but are normally closed against the spring bias by thecatches 109. Thebird guards 107 are apertured to allow gas and debirs to pass therethrough. If, however, the apertures in the guards become blocked, or substantially blocked, as a result of debris collecting thereon, the air pressure below the guards, resulting from the operation of the fan, will be sufficient to overcome the holding force of thecatches 109 and will thus allow the guards to spring open into the position indicated in Figure 5. - A
fixed cover 120 is mounted immediately above the fan. On either side of the fixed cover are a pair ofplates 121 which are mounted for pivotal movement, as indicated by the arrows X, about horizontal axes located at the lower ends of the plates. Theplates 121 are mounted for pivotal movement between an open position (illustrated in Figure 4) in which gas and debris is free to pass into thechannels 106, and a closed position in whichlips 122 at the upper edges of theplates 121 engage overcorresponding lips 123 on thefixed cover 120. - When the fan is not operating the
plates 121 will normally be in their closed position, and when the fan is operating the plates will normally move, under the influence of pressure produced by the fan, into their open position. However, for reasons which are explained below, an additional means is provided for moving theplates 121 to their open position, this means comprising anarm 124 mounted for pivotal movement about a central vertical axis. Thearm 124 is normally held in a position parallel to theplates 121 by means of alink 125, against the force of a spring which tends to bias it into the position illustrated. Thelink 125 is fusible and is arranged to melt at a predetermined temperature, say 72°C. When the link melts the arm moves under the influence of the biassing spring into the position illustrated, thus forcing theplates 121 into their open position. Thelink 125 is shown in Figure 4 in its condition after fusing, and the rotation of the arm is indicated by the arrow Y. - A
water spraying device 110 is arranged below the fan and is designed to direct spray at, or into the region adjacent to, the motor which propels the fan. The spraying device comprises asquare casing 130 provided with aflange 131 which rests on the upper surface of the material defining theoutlet 102. Water is fed from acentral inlet pipe 113 via acontrol member 114 to a pair ofarms 112 at the outer ends of which are twonozzles 132 of the window drench type. These nozzles havearcuate openings 133 which extend over an angle of more than 90°. Operating in conjunction with one another thenozzles 132 provide a substantially continuous curtain of water across the interior of thecasing 130, so that all gas and debris passing the opening 102 must pass through the curtain. The number ofnozzles 132 may be varied as desired, and in a small installation a single nozzle might suffice, whereas in a large installation four nozzles, one at each corner might be used. - The
control member 114 comprises a glass bulb which is arranged to break at a predetermined temperature, for example 93°C. When the glass breaks water is able to pass from the central inlet pipe into thearms 112 and thence through thenozzles 132. - To complete the description of the construction of the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5, it is pointed out that the fan is mounted in a housing which contains a downwardly depending skirt 134, the skirt passing over the outside of the
flange 131 and over the outside of theoutlet 102. - In the operation of the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5, if a fire or smoke occurs it is sensed by an appropriate detector which causes the fan to start operating. The air pressure produced by the fan causes the
plates 121 to move to their open position. When the temperature rises further to, say, 93°C the glass bulb of thecontrol 114 breaks and water is sprayed from thenozzles 132. Should the fan fail to operate so that theplates 121 are not forced to their open position by air pressure, when the temperature reaches 72°C thefusible link 125 will break and thearm 124 will force the plates to their open position. - In an alternative mode of operation the fan operates continuously, whether or not a fire is detected, leaving only the nozzles to come into operation when a fire occurs.
- The drawings show the smoke extraction device according to the invention mounted on the roof of a building. However, it is alternatively possible for the interior of the building to communicate with the exterior through a duct and for the smoke extraction device to be mounted in that duct. This may be preferred in some circumstances, for example, where the roof is not strong enough to carry the weight of the smoke extraction device, or where extraction is required from a lower floor than that immediately below the roof.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8133090 | 1981-11-03 | ||
GB8133090 | 1981-11-03 | ||
GB8204713 | 1982-02-17 | ||
GB8204713 | 1982-02-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0078612A1 EP0078612A1 (en) | 1983-05-11 |
EP0078612B1 true EP0078612B1 (en) | 1985-03-27 |
Family
ID=26281151
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19820305287 Expired EP0078612B1 (en) | 1981-11-03 | 1982-10-05 | Smoke extraction device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0078612B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3262811D1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2109102B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29718954U1 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1998-01-08 | Bader, Jürgen, 89537 Giengen | Overpressure ventilation device |
ES2150390B1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2001-06-01 | Diego Gomez Ricardo De | SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHING. |
FR2867259B1 (en) * | 2004-03-02 | 2006-05-19 | Serge Leon Lucien Delhaye | AUTONOMOUS EXTRACTOR OF DESENFUMAGE |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR960452A (en) * | 1950-04-20 | |||
US3895568A (en) * | 1973-07-26 | 1975-07-22 | Ventrola Mfg Co | Ventilator |
-
1982
- 1982-10-05 DE DE8282305287T patent/DE3262811D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-05 GB GB08228360A patent/GB2109102B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-05 EP EP19820305287 patent/EP0078612B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2109102A (en) | 1983-05-25 |
DE3262811D1 (en) | 1985-05-02 |
EP0078612A1 (en) | 1983-05-11 |
GB2109102B (en) | 1984-09-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4944216A (en) | Building emergency exhaust fan system | |
US5351760A (en) | Fire suppression system and method for its use | |
US4765231A (en) | Smoke exhausting air conditioning system | |
US4091874A (en) | Fire extinguishing method and system for large buildings | |
US4463896A (en) | Methods and apparatus for the control of smoke and fire in buildings | |
US4580638A (en) | Fire suppression and control system | |
US4872513A (en) | Chimney fire extinguisher | |
EP0078612B1 (en) | Smoke extraction device | |
US4805835A (en) | Methods and apparatus for the control of smoke and fire in buildings | |
US3425334A (en) | Heat arresting grease extracting filter assembly | |
CN215585797U (en) | Fire-proof explosion suppression explosion venting dust removal purification device | |
US3337990A (en) | Temperature controlled windows | |
US3454097A (en) | Fire protection systems and sprinkler head | |
KR102419210B1 (en) | Fire-fighting spray device with enhanced fire extinguishing and smoke control functions | |
KR102419211B1 (en) | Safety-type smoke control equipment for firefighting | |
US4168748A (en) | Fire control and evacuation system | |
US2912920A (en) | Thermally controlled roof ventilator damper | |
EP0034420A2 (en) | Fire extinguishing apparatus for ducting systems | |
EP3161239B1 (en) | Fire-fighting wall-casing system | |
JPS58130919A (en) | Smoke discharger | |
KR100717772B1 (en) | Impulse ventilation system for vacating smoke or poison gas | |
JP3837802B2 (en) | Fire protection device | |
KR200334297Y1 (en) | fire extinguishing system of the tunnel using water wall intercept | |
CN217588212U (en) | Fire-fighting firework detecting system | |
CN214345012U (en) | Central dust removal device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19830621 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: SOCIETA' ITALIANA BREVETTI S.P.A. |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3262811 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19850502 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19861031 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19880501 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19880701 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19931011 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19950630 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19980729 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19991005 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19991005 |