EP0070884A1 - Appareil et procede d'entrainement dont la resistance est controlee electroniquement - Google Patents

Appareil et procede d'entrainement dont la resistance est controlee electroniquement

Info

Publication number
EP0070884A1
EP0070884A1 EP82900764A EP82900764A EP0070884A1 EP 0070884 A1 EP0070884 A1 EP 0070884A1 EP 82900764 A EP82900764 A EP 82900764A EP 82900764 A EP82900764 A EP 82900764A EP 0070884 A1 EP0070884 A1 EP 0070884A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
force
exerted
body portion
exercising person
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82900764A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arthur Allen Jones
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nautilus Sports Medical Industries Inc
Original Assignee
Nautilus Sports Medical Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nautilus Sports Medical Industries Inc filed Critical Nautilus Sports Medical Industries Inc
Publication of EP0070884A1 publication Critical patent/EP0070884A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B23/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body
    • A63B23/035—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously
    • A63B23/04—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously for lower limbs
    • A63B23/0494—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously for lower limbs primarily by articulating the knee joints
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H1/00—Apparatus for passive exercising; Vibrating apparatus; Chiropractic devices, e.g. body impacting devices, external devices for briefly extending or aligning unbroken bones
    • A61H1/02—Stretching or bending or torsioning apparatus for exercising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/30—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to physical therapies or activities, e.g. physiotherapy, acupressure or exercising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
    • A63B71/0619—Displays, user interfaces and indicating devices, specially adapted for sport equipment, e.g. display mounted on treadmills
    • A63B2071/0658—Position or arrangement of display
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/002—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices isometric or isokinetic, i.e. substantial force variation without substantial muscle motion or wherein the speed of the motion is independent of the force applied by the user
    • A63B21/0023—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices isometric or isokinetic, i.e. substantial force variation without substantial muscle motion or wherein the speed of the motion is independent of the force applied by the user for isometric exercising, i.e. substantial force variation without substantial muscle motion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2208/00—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player
    • A63B2208/02—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player posture
    • A63B2208/0228—Sitting on the buttocks
    • A63B2208/0233—Sitting on the buttocks in 90/90 position, like on a chair
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2208/00—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player
    • A63B2208/02—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player posture
    • A63B2208/0242—Lying down
    • A63B2208/0252—Lying down supine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/10—Positions
    • A63B2220/16—Angular positions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/50—Force related parameters
    • A63B2220/51—Force

Definitions

  • Planned programs of exercise have long been followed by persons training for athletic events of various types or pursuing a course of treatment for the rehabilitation of an illness, injury or the like.
  • Many such planned programs of exercise have employed aids which have, in recent years, come to take the form of various apparatus or machines which facilitate the planned programs of exercise.
  • Such apparatus, machines ' and methods have grown out of various concepts and studies regarding physiology and physiological develop ⁇ ment and function.
  • full range exercise such as is possible, for example, through use of the apparatus of Jones, United States patent 3,858,873.
  • Full range exercise as used with reference to such an apparatus and method, and as used in the description which follows, is a defined term.
  • the defined term “full range exercise” refers to exercise having positive work; negative work; rotary form movement; stretching; prestretching; automatically variable, balanced, direct resistance; resistance in the position of full muscular contraction; and unrestricted speed of movement.
  • the interested reader is referred to available publications for further explication of these characteristic features of full range exercise.
  • exercise movements are compound movements which cannot attain the characteristics of full range exercise as listed briefly above due to the presence of "lock out” positions and non-rotary move ⁇ ments.
  • Such exercise may, for example, be realized through the use of apparatus such as that disclosed in Mazman United States patent 3,905,599.
  • the general field of such exercise and related apparatus and methods is here referred to as "exercise physiology”.
  • the field of exercise physiology is related to sports medicine, being the field of medical study which is particularly directed to athletic sports and the like.
  • exercise apparatus having means engaged by a body portion of an exercising person operating the apparatus is improved by the provision of an open loop system for r_onitoring the physical effort exerted by the exercising person and for correlating the monitored effort exerted to a programmed standard.
  • the open loop system displays a representation of the correlation of the monitored effort exerted to the programmed standard, in such a manner as to direct the physiological performance of the exercising person.
  • Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide, in an exercising apparatus of the type described and which has means for imposing resistance to musculature effecting movement of a body portion of an exercising person and for causing the musculature to perform positive and negative work during movement, means for responding to the exertion of force and for signalling themagnitude of the force exerted and the position of movement from which such force is exerted. Additionally, a- monitoring and display means operatively connected with the apparatus receives signals and display for an exercising person operating the apparatus a repre- sentation of the work performed during movement of an exercised portion of the body.
  • Yet a further object of the present invention is to accomplish, during exercise, an accurate and precise recording of the conditions of the exercise in terms of force exerted, body position from which force is exerted, speed of movement during exertion of force, and range of movement over which force is exerted.
  • physiological performance may, for the first time, be systematically analyzed and developed to achieve desirable efficiencies and performance.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a leg extension exercise apparatus embodying the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side elevation view of the exercise apparatus of Figure 1, with certain cover components removed in order to make certain operating elements of the apparatus more readily visible;
  • Figure 3 is a front elevation view of the apparatus of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a view of a display incorporated in the apparatus of Figures 1 through 3, taken generally as indicated by the arrow 4 in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a graphic representation of one form of data display available from the apparatus of Figures 1 through 3, in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the interconnection- of and communication among certain apparatus used in accordance with the methods of this invention
  • Figure 7 is a simplified flow chart representing certain steps in the methods of this invention
  • Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a second type of exercis apparatus in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 2 of the exercise apparatus of Figure 8;
  • Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 3 of the exercise apparatus of Figure 9;
  • Figures 11 and 12 are enlarged elevation views showing certain details of the apparatus of Figures 8 through 10.
  • an exercise apparatus embodying the present invention is there illustrated in the form of a leg extension apparatus " • generally indicated at 20.
  • the apparatus 20 is a full range exercise apparatus having means engaged by body portions of an exercising person operating the apparatus.
  • the body engaging means rotates about an axis substantially coaxial with - the axis of rotation of an engaged body portion of an exercising person and imposes throughout a full range of movement of the engaged body portion an automatically variable, balanced, direct resistance to the musculature effecting movement thereof.
  • the leg extension apparatus 20 has first and second roll members 21, 22 respectively engaged by shin surfaces of the left and right legs of an exercising person operating the apparatus 20.
  • Each of the first and second roll members 21, 22 is mounted for rotation about an axis, by means of arm members 24, 25.
  • the axes of rotation of the arm members 24, 25 and roll members 21, 22 moving therewith are substantially coaxial with the axis of rotation at the knees of the person operating the apparatus 20.
  • the side frame structure includes side frame members 26, 28. Affixed to the respective shafts are sprockets 29, 30 about.which is trained a chain 31.
  • the chain 31 is
  • an exercising person assumes a position seated upon a seat portion 36, which is mounted on the frame of the appara ⁇ tus 20, and leans backward against a backrest portion 5 38.
  • the user's legs, dangling forwardly over the front edge of the seat 36, are positioned for substantially coaxial alignment of the knee joint and the rotational axes for the roll members 21, 22. As so positioned, the user is supported so as to be able to readily view a 10. display generally indicated at 40 and described more fully hereinafter.
  • open loop means are operatively coupled with the body engaging means of the apparatus 20 for monitor- 15 ing physical effort exerted by an exercising person operating the apparatus and for correlating monitored effort exerted to a programmed standard and for display ⁇ ing, by means of the display generally indicated at 40, a representation of the correlation of monitored effort 0 exerted to the programmed standard.
  • the apparatus 20 includes an open loop means. As is familiar to persons skilled in the art of servomechanisms, a closed loop involves feeding back into an apparatus some signal 5 derived from the action of the apparatus.
  • such a "closed loop" might involve a servomechanism for exerting force with respect to an exercising person.
  • Such servo- mechanisms have an inherent risk of injury, in that the 0 servomechanism may become unstable or may fail in such a way as to inflict serious injury to the exercising person. That is not the case in the apparatus 20 of the present invention.
  • closure of the open loop, if any, 5 occurs through the actions of the exercising person -8- who, as briefly indicated above, maintains control over the force exerted, the speed of movement, and the con ⁇ sequent work done and physical effort exerted.
  • the open loop system includes means operatively coupled with the roll members 21, 22 for responding to exertion of force between those body engaging means and the engaged shin portions and for signalling the magnitude of force exerted.
  • the force responsive and signalling means comprises a load cell inserted into the chain 31 as a link thereof and which develops an appropriate analogue electrical signal.
  • load cell which has been employed successfully in apparatus such as the apparatus 20 of • Figures 1 through 3 is an electrical resistance strain gauge which varies in resistance as force is exerted thereon.
  • Means are additionally operatively coupled with the body engaging roll members 21, 22 for respond ⁇ ing to movement thereof and for signalling the position thereof.
  • the position responsive signalling means takes the form of a pair of potentiometers aligned with the shafts which carry the-upper front sprockets 29, 30 and which define the axis of rotation for the roll members.21, 22. Potentiometers, used at this point, signal the position of the arms 24, 25 and the roll members 21, 22 by variations in resistance value.
  • the load cell and the position signalling poten ⁇ tiometers are ' operatively connected with and supply signals to a monitoring and display means which includes the display visible to a user of the apparatus 20 in the . housing 40 as briefly described above.
  • the display as visible to the user of the apparatus 20, is illustrated in Figure 4 and includes both analogue and digital information.
  • the display means is operated under the control of digital processing means operatively con- • nected with the analogue signalling means described hereinabove.
  • the digital processing means preferably includes a microcomputer or processor forming an integral part of the apparatus 20.
  • the digital processing means includes a stored program means for retaining instructions regarding at least one of a standard magnitude of force to be exerted by an exercising person and.
  • a microprocessor or microcomputer as a component of the apparatus 20, as described hereinabove, provides a range of significant advantages for the apparatus of the present invention, particularly in an environment such as a laboratory, health club or spa in which a plurality of machines of various types may be present.
  • the apparatus 20, with a microprocessor or microcomputer as a component thereof, is an "intel ⁇ ligent machine".
  • the machine can identify 5 a particular user from a code entered manually or by means of a coded card or the like and can communicate with a central processing unit which monitors a plurality of apparatus for retrieving from a memory .which forms a portion of the apparatus 20.or which forms
  • a portion of the central processing unit a particular exercise regimen to be followed by a particular user. Further, as the * exercise regimen is carried out, the force applied by the exercising person and the position from which force is applied are monitored continuously 5 and the information derived from the monitoring is processed. As a consequence, the user while operating. the apparatus 20 may view a display of the representation of the user's signalled effort and its correlation to the user's programmed regimen of exercise.
  • a plurality of generally horizontal indi ⁇ cator lines are provided, respectively indentified in Figure 4 at 41, and 43 through 46.
  • Line 41 is used to 5 display a progressive pacing signal which may, for example, take the form of a gradually extending lighted line moving from one side of the display toward the other at a timed rate.
  • a progressive pacing signal which may, for example, take the form of a gradually extending lighted line moving from one side of the display toward the other at a timed rate.
  • Such a display may be generated for example, by successively signalling a series of 10 light emitting diodes.
  • the other display lines 43 through 46 may have similar devices which may be sue- . cessively signalled to provide an analogue display of a gradually extending lighted line.
  • the display to be generated on the other display lines 43 through 46 is .15 responsive to exercise effort exerted by the exercising person and thus will move from one side of the display toward the other at a rate dependent upon the rate of movement of the exercising person. Further the ⁇ signal will move from one to another of the lines 43 through 20 46 in response to variations in force exerted. That is, an exercising movement performed at an indicated rate but with low levels of force will be displayed only on line 43. An exercising effort which involved exertion of varying levels of force might begin a trace on the 25 lowermost line 43, move upward through lines 44 and 45 to line 46, and then return back toward the lowermost line 43.
  • a predetermined profile for the effort to be exerted by the exercising person and the pacing of that effort ' 30 may be coordinated with signalled force and position so that, when the programmed regimen is followed, the user responsive trace or gradually extending line tracks constantly along a single predetermined line such as the line 44 in coordination with the pace of 35 the progressive pacing signal extending along the
  • indicator signals to either side of the display area occupied by the lines 41 and 43 through 46 may be used to indicate which limb or body protion is to be engaged in doing positive work at any given moment.
  • An exercise regimen designed for use with an apparatus such as the leg extension machine 20 typically will involve a predetermined number of repetitions of cycles of movement. As repetitions occur, a digital display presents numerical indicia of the number of repetitions which have been completed. At the conclusion of the number of repetitions programmed by the regimen, then the average force exerted and the average interval of time required for a repetition may be displayed as numerical indicia and combined into a score.
  • the informa ⁇ tion thus derived may also be presented in graphic form.
  • One form of graphic representation is illustrated in
  • FIG. 5 where curves have been plotted as the average of repetitions by the left leg and repetitions by the right leg for an exercising person using a leg extension machine.
  • the present invention contemplates that operation of exercise machines in accordance with a stored program may involve operation of the apparatus with the micro ⁇ processor unit (MPU) which forms-a portion of an individual apparatus or by cooperation between the MPU and a central processor unit (CPU) .
  • MPU micro ⁇ processor unit
  • CPU central processor unit
  • the "intelligent machine" characteristic of exercise apparatus in accordance with the present invention permits a single CPU to be shared among and communicate with a plurality of ' individual exercise machines. This is significant in that up to at least thirty-two (32) distinct types of exercise- machines are contemplated as being useful along the general lines described hereinabove with specific reference to the leg extension machine 20.
  • a single CPU may monitor, process and display information derived from a plurality of exercise apparatus. The CPU may also direct the full exercise regimen of an individual using the facility so equipped.
  • FIG. 7 A simplified flow chart of the cooperation between a CPU and an MPU is represented in Figure 7.
  • information is transferred between the MPU and CPU upon completion of each body portion movement in one particular direction. That is, a "repetition” is considered to be a full cycle of force exertion.
  • a "half repetition” represents one-half of a cycle of force exertion, during which one body portion is doing positive work and the other body portion is doing negative work, in the instance of the leg extension apparatus 20.
  • FIG. 8 through 12 have been included as showing a type of apparatus known as a hip-back apparatus.
  • the hip and back exercise apparatus 60 includes, as shown in Figures 8 through- 10, • a display generally indicated at 40 identical with the display used with the leg extension machine shown in Figures 1 through 3.
  • the hip and back apparatus 60 is constructed and operates in a manner generally " comparable to the leg extension apparatus 20 of Figures 1 through 3 as described more fully hereinabove.
  • the hip and back apparatus 60 includes a chain 71 trained about a pair of sprockets 68, 69 so that arms 64, 65 mounting the roll members 61, 62 move in opposite directions with coordi ⁇ nated movement.
  • a load cell 70 is incorporated in the chain.
  • first and second locking levers 24, 75 are provided and are actuable by a user of the machine to lock respective ones of the sprockets 68, 69 against rotation. As made more clear by Figures 11 and 12, such locking of a sprocket 69 against rotation occurs by insertion of a tooth or panel 78 into the teeth of the sprocket.
  • a respective one of the arms 64, 65 is brought to a position in which a forced measurement is to be made and the sprocket at the opposite side of the machine is locked by operating the appropriate lever.
  • the locking lever 74 on the opposite side of the apparatus 60 is actuated to lock the remote sprocket 68.
  • the load cell 70 is located in the "tight side" of the closed loop of the chain 71.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Primary Health Care (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil d'entrainement (20, 60) et procede comprenant un systeme a boucle fermee qui controle l'activite d'une personne faisant des exercices et dirige cette activite en affichant (Figures 4 et 5) la correlation de cette activite avec un regime programme. Des parties du corps de la personne faisant les exercices cooperent avec l'appareil (20, 60), lequel guide de preference la personne dans l'exercice de la gamme entiere tout en controlant et en affichant une representation du travail effectue pendant les mouvements d'exercice. Des dispositifs specifiques (Figures 2, 3, 6 et 10) pour utiliser une force exercee par une partie du corps pour former une resistance a surmonter par une autre partie du corps sont illustres et decrits, ainsi qu'un dispositif (Figures 6 et 7) pour controler l'utilisation de plusieurs appareils de maniere a controler un programme de developpement physiologique complet.
EP82900764A 1981-01-30 1982-01-29 Appareil et procede d'entrainement dont la resistance est controlee electroniquement Withdrawn EP0070884A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22992281A 1981-01-30 1981-01-30
US229922 1981-01-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0070884A1 true EP0070884A1 (fr) 1983-02-09

Family

ID=22863220

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82900764A Withdrawn EP0070884A1 (fr) 1981-01-30 1982-01-29 Appareil et procede d'entrainement dont la resistance est controlee electroniquement
EP82300509A Expired EP0057609B1 (fr) 1981-01-30 1982-02-01 Appareil d'exercice

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82300509A Expired EP0057609B1 (fr) 1981-01-30 1982-02-01 Appareil d'exercice

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0070884A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58500194A (fr)
AT (1) ATE16459T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU547741B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1184577A (fr)
DE (1) DE3267341D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1982002668A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8202668A1 *

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Publication number Publication date
DE3267341D1 (en) 1985-12-19
JPH0525514B2 (fr) 1993-04-13
EP0057609B1 (fr) 1985-11-13
WO1982002668A1 (fr) 1982-08-19
CA1184577A (fr) 1985-03-26
ATE16459T1 (de) 1985-11-15
EP0057609A1 (fr) 1982-08-11
JPS58500194A (ja) 1983-02-10
AU547741B2 (en) 1985-10-31
AU8201382A (en) 1982-08-26

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