EP0069015B1 - Composite structure for roads and roll-on areas - Google Patents
Composite structure for roads and roll-on areas Download PDFInfo
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- EP0069015B1 EP0069015B1 EP82401169A EP82401169A EP0069015B1 EP 0069015 B1 EP0069015 B1 EP 0069015B1 EP 82401169 A EP82401169 A EP 82401169A EP 82401169 A EP82401169 A EP 82401169A EP 0069015 B1 EP0069015 B1 EP 0069015B1
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- course
- bituminous
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/003—Foundations for pavings characterised by material or composition used, e.g. waste or recycled material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
- E01C7/26—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders mixed with other materials, e.g. cement, rubber, leather, fibre
- E01C7/265—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders mixed with other materials, e.g. cement, rubber, leather, fibre with rubber or synthetic resin, e.g. with rubber aggregate, with synthetic resin binder
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/32—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of courses of different kind made in situ
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of materials for the construction of roadways and rolling areas. More particularly, it relates to a composite structure for paving roads.
- the products which are used in the upper part of known flexible structures are bituminous mixtures.
- the materials used for the base courses must be, as widely as possible, insensitive to rutting phenomena.
- As for the coatings they must protect the body of the road effectively, and be adapted to the particular forces to which they are subjected, both from vehicles and from bad weather.
- the pavements of new pavements must resist tangential forces, shears, thermal shocks, wear by studs, and all the constraints from road traffic. Maintenance coatings must present the same resistances and present a notable capacity of elongation under repeated efforts.
- bituminous concretes are made with aggregates selected for their hardness, the roughness of their texture, or their resistance to polishing.
- Very solid mixes such as poured bituminous concretes, are appreciated for their impermeability and their resistance to crampons.
- Asphalt mixes based on elastomeric binders have an interesting set of qualities: high elongation capacity under repeated efforts, good resistance to wear even with a very rough texture. Due to the relative prices of materials for the various pavement layers, efforts have been made to define the thicknesses of wearing courses as small as possible, taking into account the technology and behavior of these materials, in order to limit the cost of the work. .
- the increase in cost involved in the manufacture of materials having a large capacity for elongation under repeated stresses is, on the other hand, notable, so that elongation under repeated stresses is often the critical characteristic in the design of a structure made with classic materials.
- the invention relates to a composite structure for pavements and road surfaces, based on bituminous mixtures, comprising various superimposed layers of materials linked by a bituminous binder from the lower part in contact with either the foundation or the pavement or surface to be coated. up to the top layer or wearing course.
- a composite structure for pavements and road surfaces, based on bituminous mixtures, comprising various superimposed layers of materials linked by a bituminous binder from the lower part in contact with either the foundation or the pavement or surface to be coated. up to the top layer or wearing course.
- Such a structure is known from FR-A-2 327 363.
- the object of the present invention is to reduce the costs of structures based on bituminous mixtures for roadways and rolling areas, in particular for all road works, such as recharging or reinforcement, while obtaining a service life at least equal to that which the materials known until now make it possible to obtain for the same cost.
- the invention also relates to a structure making it possible to reduce the total thickness of the layers and consequently, the consumption of materials and energy, as well as the cost of construction or reinforcement of the pavements.
- the structure according to the invention is characterized in that the lower part at least of the composite structure consists of a bituminous material capable of withstanding a fatigue test in alternating bending during 10 6 cycles by being subjected to greater relative deformations at 1.5. 10 ⁇ and this part has a thickness limited to at least part of the zone subjected to tensile stresses under the effect of a single moment acting on the composite structure.
- the invention is based on the observation, made by the plaintiff, following studies carried out on the distribution of horizontal stresses in materials, that said stresses are pulls in the lower part of the structure, if it rests on a granular foundation, and compressions in the upper part of this structure.
- the composite structure proposed by the invention are arranged, at each level, materials having characteristics adapted to the constraints existing at the level where they are applied.
- the invention is illustrated with reference to the appended drawing which schematically represents the distribution of stresses in a composite structure formed from layers of bonded materials.
- the covering 1 is located at the top.
- the structure comprises a seat 2, made integral with the covering 1 by a layer of adhesive 3.
- the seat 2 may comprise one or more layers. If it has several layers, these are linked together so as to form a unitary whole.
- the diagram shows, in a conventional manner, the stress diagram of the structure in service.
- the stresses (sign +) are compression stresses exerting a shortening effect on the material.
- the constraints tes are tensile stresses (-) exerting an elongation force on the material.
- the figure shows a structure according to the invention in which a part 6 (in hatching) of the lower layer, is made of a bituminous material with high elongation capacity under repeated forces.
- the thickness x of this layer 6 is entirely included in zone 5.
- At least the lower part of the composite structure consists of a bituminous material capable of withstanding a fatigue test in alternating bending during 10 6 cycles while being subjected to relative deformations greater than 1 , 5 10- 4 and this part has a thickness limited to at least part of the area subjected to tensile stresses.
- the term “material with high elongation capacity under repeated stresses” means a bituminous material capable of withstanding a fatigue test in alternating bending during one million (10 6 ) cycles by being subjected to deformations. relative well above 1.5. 10- 4, usually between 2 and 3. 10-4 10-4.
- the characteristics and the conditions for carrying out such a fatigue test are described in the document “LPC Research Report No. 58, September 1976 of the Central Laboratory of Bridges and Roads”, entitled “Influence of the formulation parameters on the behavior at the fatigue of a bituminous mix ”by S. Soliman.
- French patent 2327363 which describes a structure comprising a layer of gravel-bitumen consisting of an aggregate coated with 4 to 5.2% by weight of bitumen, more particularly between 4 and 4 , 4%.
- This patent also teaches a certain number of examples of structures comprising a base or foundation layer, consisting of a gravel-bitumen coated according to the preceding specifications.
- the nature of the gravel-bitumen used in patent FR 2 327 363 does not allow it to meet the definition of a material with high elongation capacity under repeated stresses, as indicated above.
- the bitumen content at ESSO provides a richness module of the order of 2.5 to 3.2, whereas, according to the present invention, such a module is always greater than 3.5, and generally between 3, 8 and 4.5.
- US Patent 4,113,401 relates to a method for repairing worn and cracked areas. It consists of hot applying an elastomeric material based on bitumen and rubber. It is possible to apply tar on the road to be repaired beforehand. It is therefore a coating, known in the art under the name of membrane, which plays the role of a very thin layer (1 to 2 cm) absorbing stresses due to its flexibility. Such a coating does not have any common characteristic with a structure comprising an asphalt, that is to say a mixture of pebbles and binder as will recognize a technician of road construction.
- Swiss patent 483473 relates to a bituminous binder having a particular composition which allows it to have a high elongation capacity. This binder is intended for the production of a bituminous layer.
- This patent CH 483473 in no way teaches a composite structure, with a characteristic arrangement of superimposed layers and, in particular a lower layer responding to determined characteristics of thickness and nature.
- French patent 2,021,922 relates to a structure intended for the construction of roads, which consists of three layers: a concrete base layer, an elastomeric membrane and a covering layer.
- This type of structure therefore comprises a hydraulic foundation, whereas, according to the present invention, the base layer is formed of a bituminous mix.
- the structures are therefore fundamentally different from a technical point of view. It will also be observed that the structure according to the invention does not have any elastomeric membrane, of the type provided by patent FR 2021922, that is to say a flexible film originating, for example, from copolymerization of dienes.
- US Patent 2083900 teaches a composite structure of superimposed layers, which may consist of bituminous mixes. It is explicitly provided, in this prior patent, that the dosage and the hardness of the bituminous layers increase from bottom to top.
- German patent application DE-OS 1816704 relates to a structure comprising a support layer made of a particulate material added with a hydraulic binder. We can add an organic binder based on hydrocarbons. This flexible structure has a high modulus of elasticity. This prior patent describes a hydraulic type seat, which is fundamentally different from the present invention. Furthermore, it does not relate to a multilayer composite structure of bonded materials.
- German patent application DE-OS 1,594,805 describes a mixture of resin, bituminous binder and rubber, which may additionally contain mineral fillers, for example sand. It is therefore a kind of asphalt mix.
- the layer (a) can be a mix based on elastomeric binders.
- elastomeric binders products of the kind defined in the document LPC Research Report No. 62, December 1976, of the Central Laboratory of Bridges and Roads (Ministry of Equipment) entitled "Concrete coating of modified hydrocarbon binders by JP Grimaux et al.
- the elastomeric binders consist of bitumens, polymers or copolymers, resins and dopes.
- a concrete example of elastomeric binders is the product "COLFLEX" 0 from the company COLAS which is a doped bitumen containing, as elastomers, linear styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers.
- the layer (b) can be made of a conventional material such as a mix based on conventional binders, for example of the semi-aggregated bituminous concrete type, studded bituminous concrete, discontinuous bituminous concrete.
- a particular material corresponding to such a definition is that known under the name "RUGASPHALT” ® from the company COLAS SA, which is a discontinuous rough mix, manufactured either with a bitumen as binder, or with an elastomeric bitumen of the "COLFLEX” ® type. (see above).
- these mixes contain aggregates having the characteristics close to those recommended, either in the document “Directive for the realization of surface layers of pavements in bituminous concrete of the Ministry of Equipment and Housing - Road Directorate and road traffic - Technical Studies Service of Roads and Motorways (SETRA) and Central Laboratory of Bridges and Roads (LCPC) "of September 1969, ie in the Directive of SETRA and LCPC of September 1972 for the realization of the foundations of pavements in serious bitumen and bitumen sand.
- SETRA Roads and Motorways
- LCPC Central Laboratory of Bridges and Roads
- An exemplary structure in accordance with the invention, comprises a lower layer 4 to 5 cm thick in a mix based on elastomeric binders such as "COLFLEX" 0 and a layer 4 to 7 cm thick d '' a mix based on conventional binders, such as road bitumen with a penetration of 40/50, 60/70, or 80/100 depending on the region and traffic.
- the penetration values characterize the penetration at 25 ° C and are measured according to the AFNOR T66-004 standard of July 1963.
- layer a) is of the same type as in the above-mentioned two-layer structure. Its thickness can be, for example, from 5 to 6 cm.
- the bonding layer b) also corresponds to the layer b) of the above-mentioned two-layer structure. It has, for example, a thickness of 4 to 6 cm.
- the wearing course c) consists of a special mix based on conventional binders or elastomeric binders, for example "COLFLEX" ®. Its thickness can be of the order of 3 to 4 cm.
- the reduction in thickness corresponding to the transition from a conventional structure to a composite structure according to the invention varies from 30 to 40% depending on the case.
- Another structural variant according to the invention comprises three layers, a lower layer constituted by a serious bitumen with high elongation capacity at break, an intermediate layer constituted by a conventional serious bitumen and an upper layer constituted by a coated base.
- conventional binder or elastomeric binder may vary, for the lower layer between 8 and 10 cm, for the intermediate layer between 8 and 12 cm and for the upper layer between 3 and 6 cm.
- Particular materials meeting the needs of the invention are, for the lower layer, a very high performance bitumen gravel, for the intermediate layer a bitumen gravel of the kind described in the SETRA and LCPC directive of September 1972, for the realization of paving courses in gravel-bitumen and sand-bitumen.
- a serious bitumen with a high elongation capacity at break is a material capable of successfully undergoing the alternating bending fatigue test described above.
- Another variant for a multilayer structure according to the invention comprises, like the previous one, a lower layer of gravel-bitumen with high elongation capacity at break, a first intermediate layer formed of conventional gravel, a second intermediate layer formed of '' a mix based on conventional binders and an upper top layer consisting of a mix based on elastomeric binders.
- the respective thicknesses of these layers can be of the order of 12 cm for the lower layer, 10 cm for the first intermediate layer, 4 to 5 cm for the second intermediate layer and 3 to 4 cm for the top mix. .
- a flexible pavement subjected to heavy and intense traffic has been reinforced, similar to the traffic class To of the Catalog of typical structures for new pavements of S.E.T.R.A. and the L.C.P.C. of 1977, namely a roadway subjected to traffic with a number of heavy goods vehicles per day on the busiest track, during the year of entry into service, between 750 and 2000.
- the reinforcement structure according to the invention comprises a lower layer 4 cm thick of a discontinuous bituminous concrete "RUGASPHALT” @ based on elastomeric binder "COLFLEX” 0 and an upper layer 7 cm thick with a bituminous concrete based on road bitumen 60/70.
- the reinforcement structure according to the invention comprises a lower layer of thickness 3.5 cm of a discontinuous bituminous concrete “RUGASPHALT” 8 based on elastomer binder “COLFLEX” ® and an upper layer of thickness 4.5 cm of bituminous concrete.
- the structure according to the invention comprises a lower layer 12 cm thick with a gravel-bitumen with high elongation capacity under repeated stresses, an intermediate layer constituted by a conventional gravel-bitumen 12 cm thick and a 4 cm thick top layer of bituminous concrete.
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Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne le domaine des matériaux pour la construction des chaussées et des aires de roulement. Elle a plus particulièrement pour objet une structure composite pour le revêtement des routes.The invention relates to the field of materials for the construction of roadways and rolling areas. More particularly, it relates to a composite structure for paving roads.
On sait que l'aménagement du réseau routier et son entretien constituent un impératif indispensable. Les recherches entreprises jusqu'à présent ont eu pour objet essentiel d'adapter les qualités des revêtements, de façon à les rendre aptes à résister aux diverses contraintes du trafic routier.We know that the development of the road network and its maintenance constitute an essential imperative. The research undertaken to date has had the essential object of adapting the qualities of the surfaces, so as to make them capable of withstanding the various constraints of road traffic.
Les produits qui sont utilisés dans la partie supérieure des structures souples connues sont des mélanges bitumineux. Les matériaux utilisés pour les assises de base doivent être, le plus largement possible, insensibles aux phénomènes d'orniérage. Quant aux revêtements, ils doivent protéger le corps de chaussée de façon efficace, et être adaptés aux efforts particuliers auxquels ils sont soumis, tant du fait des véhicules que des intempéries. Ainsi, les revêtements des chaussées neuves doivent résister à des efforts tangentiels, à des cisaillements, à des chocs thermiques, à l'usure par les crampons, et à l'ensemble des contraintes provenant du trafic routier..Les revêtements d'entretien doivent présenter les mêmes résistances et présenter une notable capacité d'allongement sous efforts répétés.The products which are used in the upper part of known flexible structures are bituminous mixtures. The materials used for the base courses must be, as widely as possible, insensitive to rutting phenomena. As for the coatings, they must protect the body of the road effectively, and be adapted to the particular forces to which they are subjected, both from vehicles and from bad weather. Thus, the pavements of new pavements must resist tangential forces, shears, thermal shocks, wear by studs, and all the constraints from road traffic. Maintenance coatings must present the same resistances and present a notable capacity of elongation under repeated efforts.
Jusqu'à présent, on a mis au point des compositions bien adaptées à chaque besoin particulier. Par exemple, les bétons bitumineux sont réalisés avec des granulats sélectionnés pour leur dureté, la rugosité de leur texture, ou leur résistance au polissage. Des mélanges très pleins, comme les bétons bitumineux coulés, sont appréciés pour leur imperméabilité et leur résistance aux crampons. Les enrobés à base de liants élastomères possèdent un intéressant ensemble de qualités : forte capacité d'allongement sous efforts répétés, bonne résistance à l'usure même avec une texture très rugueuse. En raison des prix relatifs des matériaux destinés aux diverses couches de chaussées, on s'est efforcé de définir des épaisseurs de couches de roulement aussi réduites que possible, compte tenu de la technologie et du comportement desdits matériaux, afin de limiter le coût des travaux.So far, compositions have been developed that are well suited to each particular need. For example, bituminous concretes are made with aggregates selected for their hardness, the roughness of their texture, or their resistance to polishing. Very solid mixes, such as poured bituminous concretes, are appreciated for their impermeability and their resistance to crampons. Asphalt mixes based on elastomeric binders have an interesting set of qualities: high elongation capacity under repeated efforts, good resistance to wear even with a very rough texture. Due to the relative prices of materials for the various pavement layers, efforts have been made to define the thicknesses of wearing courses as small as possible, taking into account the technology and behavior of these materials, in order to limit the cost of the work. .
Les matériaux mis en oeuvre en assise de base répartissent les efforts sur la fondation. Appliqués en forte épaisseur, ils doivent résister à l'orniérage par fluage dans leur masse, et à l'allongement sous efforts répétés lorsqu'ils sont posés sur une fondation souple. La solution au problème de l'orniérage par fluage a été obtenue de façon relativement économique en faisant appel à des bitumes durs, à des dosages réduits. L'augmentation de coût qu'entraîne la fabrication de matériaux possédant une grande capacité d'allongement sous efforts répétés est, par contre, notable, si bien que l'allongement sous efforts répétés est souvent la caractéristique critique dans le calcul d'une structure réalisée avec des matériaux classiques.The materials used in the base course distribute the stresses on the foundation. Applied in great thickness, they must resist rutting by creep in their mass, and elongation under repeated efforts when placed on a flexible foundation. The solution to the problem of rutting by creep has been obtained relatively inexpensively by using hard bitumens, at reduced dosages. The increase in cost involved in the manufacture of materials having a large capacity for elongation under repeated stresses is, on the other hand, notable, so that elongation under repeated stresses is often the critical characteristic in the design of a structure made with classic materials.
L'invention concerne une structure composite pour chaussées et aires de roulement, à base de mélanges bitumineux, comprenant diverses couches superposées de matériaux liés par un liant bitumineux depuis la partie inférieure en contact avec, soit la fondation, soit la chaussée ou aire à revêtir jusqu'à la couche supérieure ou couche de roulement. Une telle structure est connue du FR-A-2 327 363.The invention relates to a composite structure for pavements and road surfaces, based on bituminous mixtures, comprising various superimposed layers of materials linked by a bituminous binder from the lower part in contact with either the foundation or the pavement or surface to be coated. up to the top layer or wearing course. Such a structure is known from FR-A-2 327 363.
La présente invention a pour objet de réduire les coûts des structures à base de mélanges bitumineux pour les chaussées et aires de roulement, en particulier pour tous les travaux routiers, tels que rechargement ou renforcement, tout en obtenant une durée de service au moins égale à celle que les matériaux connus jusqu'à présent permettent d'obtenir pour le même coût.The object of the present invention is to reduce the costs of structures based on bituminous mixtures for roadways and rolling areas, in particular for all road works, such as recharging or reinforcement, while obtaining a service life at least equal to that which the materials known until now make it possible to obtain for the same cost.
L'invention a également pour objet une structure permettant de réduire l'épaisseur totale des couches et par conséquent, la consommation de matières et d'énergie, ainsi que le coût de construction ou de renforcement des chaussées.The invention also relates to a structure making it possible to reduce the total thickness of the layers and consequently, the consumption of materials and energy, as well as the cost of construction or reinforcement of the pavements.
La structure selon l'invention est caractérisée en ce que la partie inférieure au moins de la structure composite est constituée d'un matériau bitumineux capable de résister à un essai de fatigue en flexion alternée durant 106 cycles en étant soumis à des déformations relatives supérieures à 1,5. 10→ et cette partie présente une épaisseur limitée à au moins une partie de la zone soumise à des contraintes de traction sous l'effet d'un moment seul agissant sur la structure composite.The structure according to the invention is characterized in that the lower part at least of the composite structure consists of a bituminous material capable of withstanding a fatigue test in alternating bending during 10 6 cycles by being subjected to greater relative deformations at 1.5. 10 → and this part has a thickness limited to at least part of the zone subjected to tensile stresses under the effect of a single moment acting on the composite structure.
L'invention est fondée sur la constatation, faite par la demanderesse, à la suite d'études effectuées sur la répartition des contraintes horizontales dans les matériaux, que lesdites contraintes sont des tractions dans la partie inférieure de la structure, si celle-ci repose sur une fondation granulaire, et des compressions dans la partie supérieure de cette structure. Dans la structure composite proposée par l'invention, sont disposés, à chaque niveau, des matériaux possédant des caractéristiques adaptées aux contraintes existant au niveau où ils sont appliqués.The invention is based on the observation, made by the plaintiff, following studies carried out on the distribution of horizontal stresses in materials, that said stresses are pulls in the lower part of the structure, if it rests on a granular foundation, and compressions in the upper part of this structure. In the composite structure proposed by the invention, are arranged, at each level, materials having characteristics adapted to the constraints existing at the level where they are applied.
L'invention est illustrée en référence au dessin annexé qui représente d'une façon schématique, la répartition des contraintes dans une structure composite formée de couches de matériaux liés.The invention is illustrated with reference to the appended drawing which schematically represents the distribution of stresses in a composite structure formed from layers of bonded materials.
Le revêtement 1 se trouve à la partie supérieure. La structure comporte une assise 2, rendue solidaire du revêtement 1 par une couche de colle 3. L'assise 2 peut comprendre une ou plusieurs couches. Au cas où elle comporte plusieurs couches, celles-ci sont liées entre elles de manière à former un ensemble unitaire.The covering 1 is located at the top. The structure comprises a
On a représenté à la Figure, d'une manière conventionnelle, le diagramme des contraintes de la structure en service. Dans la zone 4 qui s'étend au-delà du revêtement 1 dans l'assise 2, les contraintes (signe +) sont des contraintes de compression exerçant un effet de raccourcissement sur le matériau. Dans la zone 5, les contraintes sont des contraintes de traction (-) exerçant un effort d'allongement sur le matériau.The diagram shows, in a conventional manner, the stress diagram of the structure in service. In zone 4 which extends beyond the covering 1 in the
La figure montre une structure selon l'invention dans laquelle une partie 6 (en hachures) de la couche inférieure, est constituée d'un matériau bitumineux à grande capacité d'allongement sous efforts répétés. L'épaisseur x de cette couche 6 est entièrement comprise dans la zone 5. On a également montré en y le niveau de la zone dite neutre où se produit l'inversion des contraintes.The figure shows a structure according to the invention in which a part 6 (in hatching) of the lower layer, is made of a bituminous material with high elongation capacity under repeated forces. The thickness x of this layer 6 is entirely included in
Selon la caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, la partie inférieure au moins de la structure composite est constituée d'un matériau bitumineux capable de résister à un essai de fatigue en flexion alternée durant 106 cycles en étant soumis à des déformations relatives supérieures à 1,5 10-4 et cette partie présente une épaisseur limitée à au moins une partie de la zone soumise à des contraintes de traction.According to the essential characteristic of the invention, at least the lower part of the composite structure consists of a bituminous material capable of withstanding a fatigue test in alternating bending during 10 6 cycles while being subjected to relative deformations greater than 1 , 5 10- 4 and this part has a thickness limited to at least part of the area subjected to tensile stresses.
Au sens de la présente description, on entend par matériau à grande capacité d'allongement sous efforts répétés, un matériau bitumineux capable de résister à un essai de fatigue en flexion alternée durant un million (106) de cycles en étant soumis à des déformations relatives bien supérieures à 1,5. 10-4, le plus souvent comprises entre 2. 10-4 et 3. 10-4. Les caractéristiques et les conditions de réalisation d'un tel essai de fatigue sont décrites dans le document « Rapport de Recherche LPC n° 58, septembre 1976 du Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées », intitulé « Influence des paramètres de formulation sur le comportement à la fatigue d'un enrobé bitumineux » par S. Soliman.For the purposes of the present description, the term “material with high elongation capacity under repeated stresses” means a bituminous material capable of withstanding a fatigue test in alternating bending during one million (10 6 ) cycles by being subjected to deformations. relative well above 1.5. 10- 4, usually between 2 and 3. 10-4 10-4. The characteristics and the conditions for carrying out such a fatigue test are described in the document “LPC Research Report No. 58, September 1976 of the Central Laboratory of Bridges and Roads”, entitled “Influence of the formulation parameters on the behavior at the fatigue of a bituminous mix ”by S. Soliman.
A titre de document illustrant la technique antérieure, on peut citer le brevet français 2327363 qui décrit une structure comprenant une couche de grave-bitume consistant en un agrégat enrobé avec 4 à 5,2 % en poids de bitume, plus particulièrement entre 4 et 4,4 %. Ce brevet enseigne également un certain nombre d'exemples de structures comportant une couche de base ou de fondation, constituée d'une grave-bitume enrobée selon les spécifications précédentes.As a document illustrating the prior art, there may be mentioned French patent 2327363 which describes a structure comprising a layer of gravel-bitumen consisting of an aggregate coated with 4 to 5.2% by weight of bitumen, more particularly between 4 and 4 , 4%. This patent also teaches a certain number of examples of structures comprising a base or foundation layer, consisting of a gravel-bitumen coated according to the preceding specifications.
La nature de la grave-bitume mise en oeuvre dans le brevet FR 2 327 363 ne lui permet pas de répondre à la définition d'un matériau à grande capacité d'allongement sous efforts répétés, telle qu'indiquée précédemment. La teneur en bitume chez ESSO procure un module de richesse de l'ordre de 2,5 à 3,2, alors que, selon la présente invention, un tel module est toujours supérieur à 3,5, et en général compris entre 3,8 et 4,5.The nature of the gravel-bitumen used in
Ainsi, la couche de grave-bitume du brevet FR 2 327 363 ne pourrait pas convenir dans la structure composite selon la présente invention.Thus, the layer of gravel-bitumen of
D'autres documents antérieurs peuvent être pris en considération et ne sont pas pertinents.Other previous documents may be taken into account and are not relevant.
Le brevet US 4113 401 a pour objet un procédé pour réparer des aires usées et fendillées. Il consiste à appliquer à chaud un matériau élastomère à base de bitume et de caoutchouc. Il est possible d'appliquer préalablement un goudron sur la chaussée à réparer. Il s'agit donc d'un enduit, connu dans la technique sous le nom de membrane, qui joue le rôle d'une couche de très faible épaisseur (1 à 2 cm) absorbant les contraintes en raison de sa souplesse. Un tel enduit ne présente aucune caractéristique commune avec une structure comportant un enrobé, c'est-à-dire un mélange de cailloux et de liant comme le reconnaîtra un technicien de la construction des routes.US Patent 4,113,401 relates to a method for repairing worn and cracked areas. It consists of hot applying an elastomeric material based on bitumen and rubber. It is possible to apply tar on the road to be repaired beforehand. It is therefore a coating, known in the art under the name of membrane, which plays the role of a very thin layer (1 to 2 cm) absorbing stresses due to its flexibility. Such a coating does not have any common characteristic with a structure comprising an asphalt, that is to say a mixture of pebbles and binder as will recognize a technician of road construction.
Le brevet suisse 483473 concerne un liant bitumineux ayant une composition particulière qui lui permet de posséder une forte capacité d'allongement. Ce liant est prévu pour la réalisation d'une couche bitumineuse. Ce brevet CH 483473 n'enseigne aucunement une structure composite, avec une disposition caractéristique de couches superposées et, en particulier une couche inférieure répondant à des caractéristiques déterminées d'épaisseur et de nature.Swiss patent 483473 relates to a bituminous binder having a particular composition which allows it to have a high elongation capacity. This binder is intended for the production of a bituminous layer. This patent CH 483473 in no way teaches a composite structure, with a characteristic arrangement of superimposed layers and, in particular a lower layer responding to determined characteristics of thickness and nature.
Le brevet français 2 021 922 concerne une structure destinée à la construction des routes, qui se compose de trois couches : une couche de base en béton, une membrane élastomère et une couche de recouvrement. Ce genre de structure comporte donc une assise hydraulique, alors que, selon la présente invention, la couche de base est formée d'un enrobé bitumineux. Pour un technicien de la construction des routes, les structures sont donc fondamentalement différentes du point de vue technique. On observera aussi que la structure, selon l'invention, ne possède aucune membrane élastomère, du genre prévu par le brevet FR 2021922, c'est-à-dire une pellicule souple provenant, par exemple, de copolymérisation des diènes.French patent 2,021,922 relates to a structure intended for the construction of roads, which consists of three layers: a concrete base layer, an elastomeric membrane and a covering layer. This type of structure therefore comprises a hydraulic foundation, whereas, according to the present invention, the base layer is formed of a bituminous mix. For a road construction technician, the structures are therefore fundamentally different from a technical point of view. It will also be observed that the structure according to the invention does not have any elastomeric membrane, of the type provided by patent FR 2021922, that is to say a flexible film originating, for example, from copolymerization of dienes.
Le brevet US 2083900 enseigne une structure composite de couches superposées, pouvant être constituées d'enrobés bitumineux. Il est explicitement prévu, dans ce brevet antérieur, que le dosage et la dureté des couches bitumineuses, croissent de bas en haut.US Patent 2083900 teaches a composite structure of superimposed layers, which may consist of bituminous mixes. It is explicitly provided, in this prior patent, that the dosage and the hardness of the bituminous layers increase from bottom to top.
C'est exactement l'inverse dans la présente invention. Celle-ci prévoit de limiter l'épaisseur de la couche inférieure, en choisissant la nature du matériau bitumineux, pour le rendre capable de résister à des efforts répétés.It is exactly the opposite in the present invention. This provides for limiting the thickness of the lower layer, by choosing the nature of the bituminous material, to make it capable of withstanding repeated efforts.
La demande de brevet allemand DE-OS 1816704 concerne une structure comprenant une couche-support constituée d'un matériau particulaire additionné d'un liant hydraulique. On peut lui adjoindre un liant organique à base d'hydrocarbures. Cette structure flexible présente un module d'élasticité élevé. Ce brevet antérieur décrit une assise de type hydraulique, ce qui est fondamentalement différent de la présente invention. En outre, il ne concerne pas une structure composite multicouches de matériaux liés.German patent application DE-OS 1816704 relates to a structure comprising a support layer made of a particulate material added with a hydraulic binder. We can add an organic binder based on hydrocarbons. This flexible structure has a high modulus of elasticity. This prior patent describes a hydraulic type seat, which is fundamentally different from the present invention. Furthermore, it does not relate to a multilayer composite structure of bonded materials.
La demande de brevet allemand DE-OS 1 594 805 décrit un mélange de résine, de liant bitumineux et de caoutchouc, pouvant contenir complémentairement des charges minérales, par exemple du sable. Il s'agit donc d'une sorte d'enrobé élastomère.German patent application DE-OS 1,594,805 describes a mixture of resin, bituminous binder and rubber, which may additionally contain mineral fillers, for example sand. It is therefore a kind of asphalt mix.
Ce brevet ne concerne pas une structure composite multicouches de matériaux liés. Sous une forme simple, la structure selon l'invention est constituée de deux couches :
- (a) une couche inférieure à grande capacité d'allongement sous efforts répétés, et
- (b) une couche supérieure, cette dernière étant constituée d'un matériau classique.
- (a) a lower layer with high elongation capacity under repeated stresses, and
- (b) an upper layer, the latter being made of a conventional material.
Dans une telle structure, la couche (a) peut être un enrobé à base de liants élastomères. Par cette expression, on désigne des produits du genre défini dans le document Rapport de Recherche LPC n° 62, Décembre 1976, du Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (Ministère de l'Equi- pement) intitulé « Revêtement en béton de liants hydrocarbonés modifiés par J.P. Grimaux et col.In such a structure, the layer (a) can be a mix based on elastomeric binders. By this expression is meant products of the kind defined in the document LPC Research Report No. 62, December 1976, of the Central Laboratory of Bridges and Roads (Ministry of Equipment) entitled "Concrete coating of modified hydrocarbon binders by JP Grimaux et al.
Les liants élastomères sont constitués par des bitumes, des polymères ou des copolymères, des résines et des dopes. Un exemple concret de liants élastomères est le produit « COLFLEX »0 de la Société COLAS qui est un bitume dopé contenant, à titre d'élastomères, des copolymères linéaires styrène-butadiène-styrène.The elastomeric binders consist of bitumens, polymers or copolymers, resins and dopes. A concrete example of elastomeric binders is the product "COLFLEX" 0 from the company COLAS which is a doped bitumen containing, as elastomers, linear styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers.
Dans une telle structure, la couche (b) peut être constituée d'un matériau classique tel qu'un enrobé à base de liants classiques, par exemple du type béton bitumineux semigrenu, béton bitumineux clouté, béton bitumineux discontinu. Un matériau particulier répondant à une telle définition est celui connu sous la dénomination «RUGASPHALT »® de la Société COLAS S.A., qui est un enrobé rugueux discontinu, fabriqué soit avec un bitume comme liant, soit avec un bitume élastomère du type « COLFLEX »® (voir supra).In such a structure, the layer (b) can be made of a conventional material such as a mix based on conventional binders, for example of the semi-aggregated bituminous concrete type, studded bituminous concrete, discontinuous bituminous concrete. A particular material corresponding to such a definition is that known under the name "RUGASPHALT" ® from the company COLAS SA, which is a discontinuous rough mix, manufactured either with a bitumen as binder, or with an elastomeric bitumen of the "COLFLEX" ® type. (see above).
D'une manière générale, ces enrobés contiennent des granulats ayant les caractéristiques voisines de celles préconisées, soit dans le document « Directive pour la réalisation des couches de surface de chaussées en béton bitumineux du Ministère de l'Equipement et du Logement - Direction des routes et de la circulation routière - Service d'Etudes Techniques des Routes et Autoroutes (SETRA) et Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC) » de Septembre 1969, soit dans la Directive du SETRA et du LCPC de Septembre 1972 pour la réalisation des assises de chaussées en grave bitume et sable bitume.In general, these mixes contain aggregates having the characteristics close to those recommended, either in the document "Directive for the realization of surface layers of pavements in bituminous concrete of the Ministry of Equipment and Housing - Road Directorate and road traffic - Technical Studies Service of Roads and Motorways (SETRA) and Central Laboratory of Bridges and Roads (LCPC) "of September 1969, ie in the Directive of SETRA and LCPC of September 1972 for the realization of the foundations of pavements in serious bitumen and bitumen sand.
Un exemple de structure, conforme à l'invention, comporte une couche inférieure de 4 à 5 cm d'épaisseur d'un enrobé à base de liants élastomères tels que « COLFLEX »0 et une couche de 4 à 7 cm d'épaisseur d'un enrobé à base de liants classiques, tels que bitume routier ayant une pénétration de 40/50, 60/70, ou 80/100 selon la région et le trafic. Les valeurs de pénétration caractérisent la pénétration à 25 °C et sont mesurées selon la norme AFNOR T66-004 de Juillet 1963.An exemplary structure, in accordance with the invention, comprises a lower layer 4 to 5 cm thick in a mix based on elastomeric binders such as "COLFLEX" 0 and a layer 4 to 7 cm thick d '' a mix based on conventional binders, such as road bitumen with a penetration of 40/50, 60/70, or 80/100 depending on the region and traffic. The penetration values characterize the penetration at 25 ° C and are measured according to the AFNOR T66-004 standard of July 1963.
En variante, une structure selon l'invention peut comporter trois couches superposées :
- a) une couche inférieure à grande capacité d'allongement sous efforts répétés.
- b) une couche de liaison.
- c) une couche de roulement.
- a) a lower layer with high elongation capacity under repeated stresses.
- b) a tie layer.
- c) a wearing course.
Dans une telle structure à trois couches, la couche a) est du même type que dans la structure à deux couches précitées. Son épaisseur peut être, par exemple, de 5 à 6 cm. La couche de liaison b) correspond aussi à la couche b) de la structure précitée à deux couches. Elle a, par exemple, une épaisseur de 4 à 6 cm. La couche de roulement c) est constituée d'un enrobé spécial à base de liants classiques ou de liants élastomères, par exemple « COLFLEX »®. Son épaisseur peut être de l'ordre de 3 à 4 cm.In such a three-layer structure, layer a) is of the same type as in the above-mentioned two-layer structure. Its thickness can be, for example, from 5 to 6 cm. The bonding layer b) also corresponds to the layer b) of the above-mentioned two-layer structure. It has, for example, a thickness of 4 to 6 cm. The wearing course c) consists of a special mix based on conventional binders or elastomeric binders, for example "COLFLEX" ®. Its thickness can be of the order of 3 to 4 cm.
Les indications chiffrées mentionnées ci-dessus à titre d'exemples pour des structures composites, sont à comparer avec celles des structures classiques analogues connues de l'art antérieur. L'épaisseur totale des structures classiques est plus importante pour une même capacité de service. Une majoration de 50 % constitue un ordre de grandeur raisonnable.The numerical indications mentioned above by way of examples for composite structures are to be compared with those of analogous conventional structures known from the prior art. The total thickness of conventional structures is greater for the same service capacity. An increase of 50% constitutes a reasonable order of magnitude.
La diminution d'épaisseur correspondant au passage d'une structure classique à une structure composite selon l'invention, varie de 30 à 40 % selon les cas.The reduction in thickness corresponding to the transition from a conventional structure to a composite structure according to the invention varies from 30 to 40% depending on the case.
Une autre variante de structure selon l'invention comporte trois couches, une couche inférieure constituée par un grave bitume à forte capacité d'allongement à la rupture, une couche intermédiaire constituée par une grave bitume classique et une couche supérieure constituée par un enrobé à base de liant classique ou de liant élastomère. Les épaisseurs respectives de ces couches, à titre d'exemple, peuvent varier, pour la couche inférieure entre 8 et 10 cm, pour la couche intermédiaire entre 8 et 12 cm et pour la couche supérieure entre 3 et 6 cm. Des matériaux particuliers répondant aux besoins de l'invention, sont, pour la couche inférieure, une grave-bitume à très hautes performances, pour la couche intermédiaire une grave-bitume du genre décrit dans la directive du SETRA et du LCPC de Septembre 1972, pour la réalisation des assises de chaussées en grave-bitume et sable-bitume.Another structural variant according to the invention comprises three layers, a lower layer constituted by a serious bitumen with high elongation capacity at break, an intermediate layer constituted by a conventional serious bitumen and an upper layer constituted by a coated base. conventional binder or elastomeric binder. The respective thicknesses of these layers, for example, may vary, for the lower layer between 8 and 10 cm, for the intermediate layer between 8 and 12 cm and for the upper layer between 3 and 6 cm. Particular materials meeting the needs of the invention are, for the lower layer, a very high performance bitumen gravel, for the intermediate layer a bitumen gravel of the kind described in the SETRA and LCPC directive of September 1972, for the realization of paving courses in gravel-bitumen and sand-bitumen.
Au sens de la présente description, une grave bitume à forte capacité d'allongement à la rupture est un matériau capable de subir avec succès l'essai de fatigue en flexion alternée décrit ci- dessus.Within the meaning of the present description, a serious bitumen with a high elongation capacity at break is a material capable of successfully undergoing the alternating bending fatigue test described above.
Une autre variante pour structure multicouches selon l'invention, comporte, comme la précédente, une couche inférieure en grave-bitume à forte capacité d'allongement à la rupture, une première couche intermédiaire formée de grave bitume classique, une deuxième couche intermédiaire formée d'un enrobé à base de liants classiques et une couche supérieure terminale constituée d'un enrobé à base de liants élastomères. Les épaisseurs respectives de ces couches peuvent être de l'ordre de 12 cm pour la couche inférieure, de 10 cm pour la première couche intermédiaire, de 4 à 5 cm pour la deuxième couche intermédiaire et de 3 à 4 cm pour l'enrobé supérieur.Another variant for a multilayer structure according to the invention comprises, like the previous one, a lower layer of gravel-bitumen with high elongation capacity at break, a first intermediate layer formed of conventional gravel, a second intermediate layer formed of '' a mix based on conventional binders and an upper top layer consisting of a mix based on elastomeric binders. The respective thicknesses of these layers can be of the order of 12 cm for the lower layer, 10 cm for the first intermediate layer, 4 to 5 cm for the second intermediate layer and 3 to 4 cm for the top mix. .
Des matériaux particuliers pouvant respectivement constituer cette structure à quatre couches sont les suivants :
- - grave-bitume à forte capacité d'allongement à la rupture,
- - grave-bitume classique
- - matériau (b)
- - matériau (c).
- - gravel-bitumen with high elongation capacity at break,
- - classic bitumen
- - material (b)
- - material (c).
L'invention sera encore illustrée sans être aucunement limitée par les exemples suivants.The invention will be further illustrated without being in any way limited by the following examples.
Dans cet exemple, on a renforcé une chaussée souple soumise à une circulation lourde et intense, assimilable à la classe de trafic To du Catalogue de structures types des chaussées neuves du S.E.T.R.A. et du L.C.P.C. de 1977, à savoir une chaussée soumise à un trafic avec un nombre de poids lourds par jour sur la voie la plus chargée, pendant l'année de mise en service, compris entre 750 et 2 000.In this example, a flexible pavement subjected to heavy and intense traffic has been reinforced, similar to the traffic class To of the Catalog of typical structures for new pavements of S.E.T.R.A. and the L.C.P.C. of 1977, namely a roadway subjected to traffic with a number of heavy goods vehicles per day on the busiest track, during the year of entry into service, between 750 and 2000.
La structure de renforcement, selon l'invention, comporte une couche inférieure d'épaisseur 4 cm d'un béton bitumineux discontinu « RUGASPHALT »@ à base de liant élastomère «COLFLEX »0 et une couche supérieure d'épaisseur 7 cm d'un béton bitumineux à base de bitume routier 60/70.The reinforcement structure according to the invention comprises a lower layer 4 cm thick of a discontinuous bituminous concrete "RUGASPHALT" @ based on elastomeric binder "COLFLEX" 0 and an upper layer 7 cm thick with a bituminous concrete based on road bitumen 60/70.
Dans cet exemple, on a renforcé une chaussée semi-rigide sérieusement dégradée par une circulation lourde et intense, assimilable à la classe de trafic To du Catalogue de structures types des chaussées neuves du S.E.T.R.A. et du L.C.P.C. de 1977.In this example, we have reinforced a semi-rigid roadway seriously degraded by heavy and intense traffic, similar to the traffic class To of the Catalog of typical structures for new roadways of S.E.T.R.A. and the L.C.P.C. from 1977.
La structure de renforcement, selon l'invention, comporte une couche inférieure d'épaisseur 3,5 cm d'un béton bitumineux discontinu « RUGASPHALT » 8 à base de liant élastomère «COLFLEX »® et une couche supérieure d'épaisseur 4,5 cm d'un béton bitumineux.The reinforcement structure according to the invention comprises a lower layer of thickness 3.5 cm of a discontinuous bituminous concrete “RUGASPHALT” 8 based on elastomer binder “COLFLEX” ® and an upper layer of thickness 4.5 cm of bituminous concrete.
Dans cet exemple, on a procédé à la reconstruction d'une voie urbaine très circulée. Cette structure de chaussée neuve, conçue pour supporter, pendant 15 ans, une circulation assimilable à la classe de trafic To du Catalogue de structures types des chaussées neuves du S.E.T.R.A. et du L.C.P.C. de 1977, repose sur un sol de plate-forme de faible portance.In this example, we proceeded to the reconstruction of a busy urban road. This new pavement structure, designed to withstand, for 15 years, traffic comparable to the traffic class To of the Catalog of typical structures for new pavements of S.E.T.R.A. and the L.C.P.C. from 1977, rests on a platform floor of low lift.
La structure, selon l'invention, comporte une couche inférieure d'épaisseur 12 cm d'une grave-bitume à forte capacité d'allongement sous efforts répétés, une couche intermédiaire constituée par une grave-bitume classique d'épaisseur 12 cm et une couche supérieure d'épaisseur 4 cm d'un béton bitumineux.The structure according to the invention comprises a lower layer 12 cm thick with a gravel-bitumen with high elongation capacity under repeated stresses, an intermediate layer constituted by a conventional gravel-bitumen 12 cm thick and a 4 cm thick top layer of bituminous concrete.
Ces trois exemples de structures composites, selon l'invention, sont à comparer avec les épaisseurs des structures classiques prévues initialement dans les trois cas : 14 cm de béton bitumineux dans le premier exemple, 14 cm de béton bitumineux dans le second exemple, 42 cm de grave-bitume avec 8 cm de béton-bitumineux dans le troisième exemple.These three examples of composite structures, according to the invention, are to be compared with the thicknesses of the conventional structures initially planned in the three cases: 14 cm of bituminous concrete in the first example, 14 cm of bituminous concrete in the second example, 42 cm of gravel-bitumen with 8 cm of bituminous concrete in the third example.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT82401169T ATE11941T1 (en) | 1981-06-26 | 1982-06-24 | COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION FOR ROADS AND RUNWAYS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8112693 | 1981-06-26 | ||
FR8112693A FR2508509A1 (en) | 1981-06-26 | 1981-06-26 | COMPOSITE STRUCTURE FOR PAVEMENTS AND ROADS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0069015A1 EP0069015A1 (en) | 1983-01-05 |
EP0069015B1 true EP0069015B1 (en) | 1985-02-20 |
Family
ID=9259946
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82401169A Expired EP0069015B1 (en) | 1981-06-26 | 1982-06-24 | Composite structure for roads and roll-on areas |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0069015B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE11941T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1210267A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3262413D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES513442A0 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2508509A1 (en) |
OA (1) | OA07131A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4708516A (en) * | 1984-06-22 | 1987-11-24 | Miller E James | Asphalt pavement |
FR2656013B1 (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1992-04-17 | Screg Routes & Travaux | METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A HIGH-CAPACITY BITUMINOUS ROAD COMPLEX OF FATIGUE AND WATERPROOFING. |
FR2667085B1 (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1993-08-13 | Screg Routes & Travaux | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A LAYER OF A ROADWAY. |
FR2753999B1 (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 1998-12-18 | Lefebvre Jean Ets | THREE-LAYERED STRUCTURE |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2083900A (en) * | 1933-06-06 | 1937-06-15 | Colprovia Roads Inc | Pavement and method of making pavements |
FR1318777A (en) * | 1962-01-11 | 1963-02-22 | British Petroleum Co | Bituminous composition with a high penetration index |
DE1594805C3 (en) * | 1965-09-09 | 1978-05-11 | Teerbau Gesellschaft Fuer Strassenbau Mbh, 4300 Essen | Use of a covering compound made of two-component synthetic resin, bituminous binder and cross-linked rubber for the production of coating layers with high resilience for traffic areas, screeds and industrial floors |
US3603221A (en) * | 1968-10-30 | 1971-09-07 | Du Pont | Multilayered structure |
DE1816704A1 (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1970-06-25 | Paetzhold Dipl Ing Heinrich | Flexible bearing layer for road surfaces |
FR2327363A1 (en) * | 1975-10-09 | 1977-05-06 | Exxon France | Bituminous road surfacing - using higher bitumen proportions and less thickness of layers |
US4113401A (en) * | 1976-05-05 | 1978-09-12 | Mcdonald Charles H | Method of pavement repair |
-
1981
- 1981-06-26 FR FR8112693A patent/FR2508509A1/en active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-06-24 EP EP82401169A patent/EP0069015B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-24 DE DE8282401169T patent/DE3262413D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-24 CA CA000405921A patent/CA1210267A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-24 AT AT82401169T patent/ATE11941T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-25 OA OA57721A patent/OA07131A/en unknown
- 1982-06-25 ES ES513442A patent/ES513442A0/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2508509A1 (en) | 1982-12-31 |
EP0069015A1 (en) | 1983-01-05 |
CA1210267A (en) | 1986-08-26 |
FR2508509B1 (en) | 1984-03-16 |
ES8602181A1 (en) | 1985-11-01 |
ATE11941T1 (en) | 1985-03-15 |
DE3262413D1 (en) | 1985-03-28 |
ES513442A0 (en) | 1985-11-01 |
OA07131A (en) | 1984-03-31 |
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