EP0064842A1 - Materialsortierung - Google Patents
Materialsortierung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0064842A1 EP0064842A1 EP82302210A EP82302210A EP0064842A1 EP 0064842 A1 EP0064842 A1 EP 0064842A1 EP 82302210 A EP82302210 A EP 82302210A EP 82302210 A EP82302210 A EP 82302210A EP 0064842 A1 EP0064842 A1 EP 0064842A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- emittance
- reflectance
- scanning
- spectral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
- B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
- B07C5/3427—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain by changing or intensifying the optical properties prior to scanning, e.g. by inducing fluorescence under UV or x-radiation, subjecting the material to a chemical reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
- B07C5/365—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means
- B07C5/366—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means during free fall of the articles
Definitions
- This invention relates to sorting of particulate material nd has particular, but not exclusive, application to the orting of ore rocks.
- the characteristic of the rocks used as the basis of the ort varies according to the nature of the material to be sorted. 1 the case of radioactive material such as uranium, the detection system may'include one or more scintillation detectors measure the radioactivity of the ore rocks. In other cases, porting is carried out by an examination of surface charact- ristics of the rock. For example, in'a photometric sorter ne rocks are illuminated with'electromagnetic radiation and re optically scanned to obtain reflectivity measurements nich are used as the basis of the sort.- In some sorters an optical scanning system is used to detect fluorescence of the equired material under ultra violet or x-radiation. It is Lso known to use detectors which provide an indication of Lectrical resistivity or magnetic permeability of the ore rocks.
- the present invention is concerned with the use of detectors which measure reflectance or emittance in the infra-red region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- Remote sensing satellite and aerial survey programmes have demonstrated that the mid infra-red electromagnetic spectral region around 8 to 12 ⁇ m is capable of providing considerable compositional information regarding geological formations in the form of emittance minima caused by inter-atomic vibrations.
- distinguishable spectra are measurable remotely in which the wavelength features are determined by the metals associated with Si-O bonds in the 9 to 11 ⁇ m reststrahlen bands.
- iron silicates can be distinguish from alumino-silicate rocks, and hence coarsely crystalline (granite) rocks from glass-rich (basalt) rocks.
- the present invention aims to make use of this effect to enable particles to be sorted on the basis of multi-spectral reflectance or emittance data. Simultaneous sensing at differing wavelengths enables significant enhancement of the sensitivity of detection of reflectance or emittance variations amongst ore rocks and enables compensation for effects such as surface texture changes where absolute. emittance levels may vary without composition change but where emittance minima spectral positions remain unchanged.
- the invention provides a method of sorting particulate material, comprising:
- the spectral reflectance or spectral emittance values are detected at two differing wavelengths in the range 6 to 12 ⁇ m and the particles are separated according to a determination of an average ratio between the two values for each particle.
- the invention also provides apparatus for sorting particulate material; comprising
- FIGS 1 and 2 illustrate infra-red spectral emittance characteristics determined experimentally on a.number of typical phosphate ore rocks. The contents of P 2 O 5 and SiO 2 were subsequently determined in each rock and have also been indicated on the figures. The concentratio: of FeO in each rock was also determiner.
- particle No. 7 This particle has a low SiO 2 content-but it has a relatively high FeO content of 7% compared with less # than 1% for all of the other particles considered. Possibly due to the high FeO content, the response curve for particle No. 7 is displaced with the result that its response at 8.2 ⁇ m is similar to that of particles with high SiO 2 content. However, the shape of the response curve is appropriate to the low SiO 2 content and the ratio of the response at the two differing wavelengths will still indicate a low SiO 2 content.
- the invention is particularly applicable to the sorting of phosphate rocks but it can be applied to other minerals.
- the emittance/reflectance characteristics of typical ores can be determined experimentally and appropriate detector wavelengths chosen according to where the minima occur in the particular minerals concerned.
- a ratio of two carefully selected wavelength-filtered signals could be used as the sorting parameter.
- the response at a number of selected wavelengths could be measured and a regression expression used to estimate the relevant mineral content of the particle being sorted.
- the coefficients of the regression formula may be built up from experimental measurements on large numbers of particles with known mineral content.
- the form of the regression equation may be linear as in the following expression:-
- FIG. 3 A typical apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 3.
- the particles 11 to be sorted are projected in free flight from the end of a belt conveyor 12 through a scanning zone 13.
- zone 13 the rocks are scanned by an. optical scanning system and a multi-spectral infra-red emittance detector system located in a housing 14.
- the detector system may comprise a linear array of two-colour photo-conductive detectors.
- the optical scanning system may be of conventional construction and arranged to provide a line scan across'the surface of the particles as they pass through the scanning zone.
- Housing 14 will also contain a cooling system for the .detectors. This may be in the form of a closed- cycle thermal engine system or a LN 2 system.
- the detectors produce output signals indicating the spectral emittance of the two wavelengths chosen and these are fed by separate lines 15, 16 to an electronic processor 17 which generates a ratio between the two signals.
- the ratio signal is fed to a further processor 18 which provides rock imaging and controls the operation of a series of air blast nozzles 19 selectively to produce air blasts to divert individual particles from their free flight trajectory according to whether they are accepted or rejected.
- the accepted particles may be collected by an accept conveyor 21 and the rejected particles carried away by a reject conveyor 22.
- either of the complementary parameters of spectral emissivity (c ) or spectral reflectance (r x ) may be selected for sensing. These parameters are related by the formula Where possible,it is preferred to carry out the multiple wavelength sensing on an ambient temperature emissivity basis so as to avoid the complication of having to provide a thermal source. In some cases, however, it may be necessary to view the particles as they pass through a chamber maintained at an elevated temperature. The particles would pass through the chamber very rapidly (in a few milliseconds) so there would be no significant change in the surface temperature of the particle. The reflected energy would be sensed at the appropriate wavelengths simultaneously and the particles would form a secondary selectively absorbing grey body radiator.
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA813150 | 1981-05-12 | ||
ZA813150 | 1981-05-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0064842A1 true EP0064842A1 (de) | 1982-11-17 |
Family
ID=25575394
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82302210A Withdrawn EP0064842A1 (de) | 1981-05-12 | 1982-04-29 | Materialsortierung |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0064842A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU8319082A (de) |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT380814B (de) * | 1984-09-10 | 1986-07-10 | Andritz Ag Maschf | Sortiereinrichtung zum trennen von in zufallsverteilung anfallenden, nach farbe, helligkeitswert, groesse oder dergleichen verschiedenen partikeln |
WO1988005534A1 (en) * | 1987-01-16 | 1988-07-28 | The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. | Separation process for diamonds |
EP0358460A2 (de) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-03-14 | De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited | Sortiervorrichtung |
US4914672A (en) * | 1988-07-14 | 1990-04-03 | Embrex, Inc. | Method and apparatus of distinguishing between live and dead poultry eggs |
US4915827A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1990-04-10 | Trebor Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for optical sorting of materials using near infrared absorbtion criteria |
GB2244329A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1991-11-27 | Gersan Ets | Identifying gemstone type. |
AT395545B (de) * | 1990-10-04 | 1993-01-25 | Binder Co Ag | Sortiereinrichtung |
US5206699A (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1993-04-27 | Gersan Establishment | Sensing a narrow frequency band of radiation and gemstones |
AU646542B2 (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1994-02-24 | Gersan Establishment | Monitoring an apparatus which uses scanned radiation |
GB2274165A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1994-07-13 | Gersan Ets | Method and apparatus for examining an object |
US5339962A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1994-08-23 | National Recovery Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for sorting materials using electromagnetic sensing |
US5505313A (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1996-04-09 | Gersan Establishment | Method and apparatus for detecting diamonds in a plurality of objects |
GB2298711A (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1996-09-11 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Rock sorting |
US5801819A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1998-09-01 | Gersan Establishment | Distinguishing natural from synthetic diamond |
US5835200A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1998-11-10 | Gersan Establishment | Method and apparatus for examining an object |
US5883388A (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 1999-03-16 | Gersan Establishment | Examining a diamond |
USRE36537E (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 2000-02-01 | National Recovery Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for sorting materials using electromagnetic sensing |
WO2007007165A2 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-18 | De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited | Infrared imaging spectroscopy system and method for sorting particulate material |
WO2009075580A1 (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-06-18 | Integrated Optoelectronics As | Method and system for measuring and determining/identifying different materials |
EP2392414A1 (de) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-07 | OptoSort GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen eines ein Zielmineral enthaltenden Objektes |
CN103071575A (zh) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-05-01 | 宜城鑫青钙业有限公司 | 一种用浅色矿石加工制备超白矿物粉体的方法 |
DE202015101038U1 (de) * | 2015-03-04 | 2016-03-07 | Imro Maschinenbau Gmbh | Separationsvorrichtung mit ausweichbarer Ausblaseinheit |
RU2675807C2 (ru) * | 2017-02-03 | 2018-12-25 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ИРНИТУ") | Способ сортировки породы |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3917070A (en) * | 1972-03-16 | 1975-11-04 | Emil S Asfour | Method and system for grading articles according to color |
US4236640A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-12-02 | The Superior Oil Company | Separation of nahcolite from oil shale by infrared sorting |
GB2057123A (en) * | 1979-07-24 | 1981-03-25 | Csr Ltd | Sorting apparatus |
GB2060166A (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1981-04-29 | Ag Electron Inc | Sorting device and method |
-
1982
- 1982-04-29 EP EP82302210A patent/EP0064842A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-04-30 AU AU83190/82A patent/AU8319082A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3917070A (en) * | 1972-03-16 | 1975-11-04 | Emil S Asfour | Method and system for grading articles according to color |
US4236640A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-12-02 | The Superior Oil Company | Separation of nahcolite from oil shale by infrared sorting |
GB2057123A (en) * | 1979-07-24 | 1981-03-25 | Csr Ltd | Sorting apparatus |
GB2060166A (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1981-04-29 | Ag Electron Inc | Sorting device and method |
Cited By (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT380814B (de) * | 1984-09-10 | 1986-07-10 | Andritz Ag Maschf | Sortiereinrichtung zum trennen von in zufallsverteilung anfallenden, nach farbe, helligkeitswert, groesse oder dergleichen verschiedenen partikeln |
WO1988005534A1 (en) * | 1987-01-16 | 1988-07-28 | The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. | Separation process for diamonds |
US4907875A (en) * | 1987-01-16 | 1990-03-13 | The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. | Diamond separation process |
US5206699A (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1993-04-27 | Gersan Establishment | Sensing a narrow frequency band of radiation and gemstones |
AU646542B2 (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1994-02-24 | Gersan Establishment | Monitoring an apparatus which uses scanned radiation |
US4915827A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1990-04-10 | Trebor Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for optical sorting of materials using near infrared absorbtion criteria |
US4914672A (en) * | 1988-07-14 | 1990-04-03 | Embrex, Inc. | Method and apparatus of distinguishing between live and dead poultry eggs |
EP0358460A2 (de) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-03-14 | De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited | Sortiervorrichtung |
EP0358460A3 (de) * | 1988-09-08 | 1991-07-31 | De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited | Sortiervorrichtung |
GB2244329A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1991-11-27 | Gersan Ets | Identifying gemstone type. |
GB2274165A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1994-07-13 | Gersan Ets | Method and apparatus for examining an object |
US5835200A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1998-11-10 | Gersan Establishment | Method and apparatus for examining an object |
GB2244329B (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1994-10-26 | Gersan Ets | Method and apparatus for examining an object |
GB2274165B (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1994-10-26 | Gersan Ets | Method and apparatus for examining a diamond |
AT395545B (de) * | 1990-10-04 | 1993-01-25 | Binder Co Ag | Sortiereinrichtung |
US5518124A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1996-05-21 | National Recovery Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the separation of materials using penetrating electromagnetic radiation |
USRE36537E (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 2000-02-01 | National Recovery Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for sorting materials using electromagnetic sensing |
US5738224A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1998-04-14 | National Recovery Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the separation of materials using penetrating electromagnetic radiation |
US5339962A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1994-08-23 | National Recovery Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for sorting materials using electromagnetic sensing |
US5505313A (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1996-04-09 | Gersan Establishment | Method and apparatus for detecting diamonds in a plurality of objects |
US5628410A (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1997-05-13 | Gersan Establishment | Classifying or sorting |
EP0772037A3 (de) * | 1991-02-20 | 1999-08-18 | Gersan Establishment | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Klassifizieren oder Sortieren von Mineralien |
US5801819A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1998-09-01 | Gersan Establishment | Distinguishing natural from synthetic diamond |
US5883388A (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 1999-03-16 | Gersan Establishment | Examining a diamond |
GB2298711B (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1999-06-30 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Rock sorting |
AU704679B2 (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1999-04-29 | De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited | Rock sorting |
GB2298711A (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1996-09-11 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Rock sorting |
WO2007007165A2 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-18 | De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited | Infrared imaging spectroscopy system and method for sorting particulate material |
WO2007007165A3 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-03-22 | De Beers Cons Mines Ltd | Infrared imaging spectroscopy system and method for sorting particulate material |
WO2009075580A1 (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-06-18 | Integrated Optoelectronics As | Method and system for measuring and determining/identifying different materials |
EP2392414A1 (de) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-07 | OptoSort GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen eines ein Zielmineral enthaltenden Objektes |
CN103071575A (zh) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-05-01 | 宜城鑫青钙业有限公司 | 一种用浅色矿石加工制备超白矿物粉体的方法 |
CN103071575B (zh) * | 2013-01-29 | 2014-12-17 | 宜城鑫青钙业有限公司 | 一种用浅色矿石加工制备超白矿物粉体的方法 |
DE202015101038U1 (de) * | 2015-03-04 | 2016-03-07 | Imro Maschinenbau Gmbh | Separationsvorrichtung mit ausweichbarer Ausblaseinheit |
RU2675807C2 (ru) * | 2017-02-03 | 2018-12-25 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ИРНИТУ") | Способ сортировки породы |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU8319082A (en) | 1982-11-18 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19831026 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: HAWKINS, PETER ALBERT |