EP0063526A1 - Isolating concrete and process for its production - Google Patents
Isolating concrete and process for its production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0063526A1 EP0063526A1 EP82400682A EP82400682A EP0063526A1 EP 0063526 A1 EP0063526 A1 EP 0063526A1 EP 82400682 A EP82400682 A EP 82400682A EP 82400682 A EP82400682 A EP 82400682A EP 0063526 A1 EP0063526 A1 EP 0063526A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- hydraulic binder
- constituents
- aggregate
- mixed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
Definitions
- “Architectonic” means a concrete which has technical characteristics at least equal to those of conventional concrete but which has, in addition, an aesthetic external appearance which is obtained either automatically during the formwork release or demoulding, or by a surface treatment such as sanding or sanding, in particular to reveal an aggregate of materials and colors suitably chosen.
- the present invention makes it possible to give a third function to a concrete of civil engineering, this function being to ensure thermal and sound insulation.
- the layers have different compositions: the first is of pumice concrete, without aggregates, (page 2, lines 56-57) and the others are of pumice concrete with aggregates (page 2, line 61).
- the first layer is light and cannot be vibrated (page 1, lines 8 to 12). Then, a heavy layer is placed on it, containing aggregates and intended to retain the first light layer.
- first vibration page 2, lines 63-63
- first (light) layer of pumice concrete is intended to cause a small partial interpenetration between the first (light) layer of pumice concrete and the second (heavy) layer. ) of pumice concrete and sand.
- a uniform particle size is provided (page 2 lines 82 to 84) and located between 0 and 7.
- This mixture remains homogeneous during filling of the mold.
- a single vibration action is carried out in order to obtain a layer of components by density throughout the mass and for all of its components.
- the invention provides for a distinction, a staggering and a coordination of the apparent densities of the components (at least two but also three, four, or five, etc.) and of the binder itself.
- the invention makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous insulating concrete giving rise to a finished part of good appearance, all in a single molding operation.
- a concrete according to the invention is of the type comprising a hydraulic binder and an aggregate to be mixed and mixed with water, the aggregate having at least one component which is made of a closed cell foam material such as pumice , and is characterized in that the aggregate comprises at least two components whose apparent densities are different and are coordinated with the apparent density of the hydraulic binder so that these densities have values which are both distinct and staggered as regularly as possible from the apparent density of the hydraulic binder which has the lowest value.
- the constituents of concrete that is to say the hydraulic binder, the components of the aggregate, the mixing water and, where appropriate, one or more additives known per se, are present in a relative proportion such that the concrete has, after mixing, a consistency which opposes the spontaneous effective staging of the constituents.
- the concrete comprises the following constituents, for a final volume of 1 cubic meter:
- the invention also relates to a process for obtaining parts from a concrete as defined above, characterized in that the constituents are mixed, wetted and mixed, then that the product obtained is placed in a waterproof mold, then the whole mold and its contents are subjected to vibrations of intensity and duration established so that at the end of the operation the constituents are staged without being separated by a continuity solution, in order to '' avoid any cleavage.
- the part obtained is subjected to a surface treatment such as sanding, sanding and the like, on that of its faces which corresponds to the largest proportion of constituent whose bulk density has the highest value and which, simultaneously, is intended to form the facing of the part.
- a surface treatment such as sanding, sanding and the like
- the bottom of the mold is covered, in whole or in part, with a release product having either a setting retarding effect, or deactivation of the hydraulic binder, in order to allow the removal of the latter on the corresponding face of the part obtained, by any known means.
- a hydraulic binder such as a white or gray artificial Portland cement or else a cement with a high silica content whose apparent density is between 1 and 2.5.
- Sand or gravel with an apparent density of less than 1.2 is also used and insulating aggregates with a density of at most 0.7.
- the hydraulic binder can be dosed at the rate of 300 to 350 kilos, the sand or gravel at the rate of 100 to 180 kilos, the insulating aggregates at the rate of 150 to 700 kilos, dampening water for 80 to 150 liters, mixing water for 160 to 180 liters, the additives being counted as addition.
- FIG. 1 illustrates this phase of the process according to the invention in which it can be seen that a mule 1 is placed on a table 2 equipped with a vibrator 3 of any known type allowing printing to the whole of the mold and , as a result, to the whole of the cast mass, vibrations which are of paramount importance for obtaining the results targeted by the present invention.
- these components must have at least three very different apparent densities but without these differences causing true heterogeneity because it is necessary to avoid cleavage and this is obtained thanks to the proportions of these components and thanks to the consistency of the concrete during its placement, from which it follows that an important factor for the implementation of the invention is the ratio that is to say that the water / cement ratio must give the desired consistency depending on the components, the shape of the part and the power of the vibratory means available.
- FIG. 2 shows three zones A, B and C which correspond respectively to the lightest fraction, the average fraction and the heaviest fraction of the concrete considered.
- fraction A is essentially composed of insulating aggregates whose apparent density is at most equal to 0.7 but in a mass of course comprising part of the hydraulic binder and sand.
- Zone B corresponds to an intermediate zone where light aggregates are still found but in a smaller proportion than in zone A, most of this zone B being made up of sand and gravel.
- Fraction C corresponds to the heaviest fraction and at the same time to the component which has the most tendency to fall to the bottom of the mixture, in a mold 1 during vibrations, which gives a predominance of sand mixed with the hydraulic binder which gives this fraction C has very high hardness characteristics.
- zones A, B and C are, in reality, linked to each other in order to avoid any cleavage and it is good to ensure that the transition from zone A to zone C takes place by a practically continuous transition without any solution of continuity because that would cause zones of weakening which could lead to incipient fractures.
- FIG. 3 an attempt has been made to schematize by a diagram the continuous nature of the variation in composition which has the consequence that at all points of the thickness of a part in accordance with the invention are all the components suitably mixed but in different proportions depending on whether one is near the face which was at the bottom of the mule during the vibrations or the face which was on the surface during this operation.
- the part 4 shown in FIG. 2 is assumed to be intended to constitute a part of the wall of a building and its face 4a must be situated towards the interior of the building while the face 4b must be situated outside.
- the insulating aggregate which constitutes a large part of fraction A ensures the thermal and acoustic protection of the building while the cement which is predominant in zone C contributes to the hardness of the external face of part 4 and constitutes a "skin" beautiful appearance.
- the aggregates must have thermal and acoustic insulation characteristics as defined, in particular by NF standards, i.e. they must have a minimum thermal conductivity coefficient which can be variable depending on the region and according to the legislation in force.
- the additives are also of a type known to those skilled in the art and it is known, for example, that water-repellent mass additives give the piece obtained has a high resistance to moisture uptake which prevents the insulation from diminishing with the tenps.
- FIG. 4 represents such a part and it can be seen that zone C simultaneously constitutes the facing, that is to say the face 4b.
- the facing must be treated, in particular by washing or brushing, when provision is made for the application to the interior walls of the roll of a retarding or deactivating product which prevents the setting of the hydraulic binder and which reveals aggregates that have been planned according to their apparent density.
- FIG. 5 such a part has been represented and it can be seen that provision has been made, among the concrete components, not only for the light insulating aggregates of zone A but also for heavy aggregates such as fragments of quartz which , during the vibration in roll 1, share the volume of zone C with the cement.
- the concrete part is placed under a covered, very ventilated shelter, for a sufficient time to obtain complete drying according to local climatic conditions.
- this mixture is introduced into a metal mold, the bottom of which is coated with a release agent known in the trade under the name of "DC 60H” and marketed by the company LANCO France, 101, rue Galliou, BOULOGNE sur SEINE (Hauts de Seine, France).
- This mixture after wetting and kneading, can be poured into a mule for example with the operations and by means of the products described above for example 1.
- the cement constitutes a medium of medium density in which, by easy evolution, the other elements are distributed according to their density, during the vibration.
- this composition After wetting and kneading, this composition is ready to be poured into a mold as indicated above.
- the artificial Portland cement which has been cited by way of example has the advantage of having excellent color continuity, so that despite successive replenishments it is possible to obtain an external appearance of color and of constant characteristics.
- the duration of the vibration operation depends on the mass poured, the products used, the plasticity of the assembly, the shape of the parts and the nature of the mold.
- the drier the mass the longer the vibration will have to last.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Les bétons de génie civil présentent des caractéristiques techniques bien connues telles que : résistance à la flexion, résistance à la compression, etc... et ont généralement un aspect terne et une couleur grise qui donnent à l'ouvrage terminé un aspect si déplaisant que l'on est conduit bien souvent à prévoir un revêtement : aluminium, pierre artificielle, etc...Concrete in civil engineering has well-known technical characteristics such as: flexural strength, compressive strength, etc ... and generally have a dull appearance and a gray color which give the finished work an aspect so unpleasant that we are often led to provide a coating: aluminum, artificial stone, etc ...
On désigne par "architectonique" un béton qui présente des caractéristiques techniques au moins égales à celles des bétons classiques mais qui a, en plus, un aspect extérieur esthétique qui est obtenu soit automatiquement lors du décoffrage ou du démoulage, soit par un traitement de surface tel que le sablage ou grésage, notamment pour faire apparaître un granulat de matières et de couleurs convenablement choisies."Architectonic" means a concrete which has technical characteristics at least equal to those of conventional concrete but which has, in addition, an aesthetic external appearance which is obtained either automatically during the formwork release or demoulding, or by a surface treatment such as sanding or sanding, in particular to reveal an aggregate of materials and colors suitably chosen.
La présente invention permet de donner une troisième fonction à un béton de génie civil, cette fonction étant d'assurer une isolation thermique et phonique.The present invention makes it possible to give a third function to a concrete of civil engineering, this function being to ensure thermal and sound insulation.
On connaît déjà des bétons dont la composition permet d'assurer une isolation thermique et/ou phonique. C'est le cas, notamment, du silicate d'alumine, de matériaux cellulaires tels que du verre expansé, etc...Concrete is already known whose composition makes it possible to provide thermal and / or sound insulation. This is the case, in particular, of alumina silicate, of cellular materials such as expanded glass, etc.
Mais la présence de ces produits isolants est incompatible avec l'obtention d'un béton architectonique.But the presence of these insulating products is incompatible with obtaining an architectural concrete.
La raison principale de cette carence vient du fait que le composant isolant est réparti de manière homogène dans la masse coulée et apparaît, donc, sur la surface visible de la pièce terminée alors que ce composant a un aspect encore plus désagréable que le béton standard.The main reason for this deficiency comes from the fact that the insulating component is distributed homogeneously in the poured mass and therefore appears on the visible surface of the finished part while this component has an even more unpleasant appearance than standard concrete.
Pour pallier cet inconvénient, on peut soit rapporter un parement, soit préfabriquer les pièces en deux parties : un doublage extérieur d'aspect accaptable et un remplissage d'isolant dissimulé.To overcome this drawback, one can either add a facing, or prefab the parts in two parts: an external lining of adaptable aspect and a filling of concealed insulation.
Dans le premier cas, on ne peut prévoir que des formes extérieures planes et plates. Dans le second cas, on doit prévoir deux moulages différents.In the first case, only flat and flat external shapes can be provided. In the second case, two different moldings must be provided.
En d'autres termes, pour les trois fonctions connues en elles-même: résistance mécanique, apparence esthétique et isolation, on ne connaît que des bétons dont la composition permet seulement de satisfaire deux de ces conditions et non trois.In other words, for the three functions known in themselves: mechanical resistance, aesthetic appearance and insulation, only concrete is known whose composition only allows two of these conditions to be satisfied and not three.
On connaît aussi le procédé décrit dans le brevet allemand 705.126 et selon lequel on agit par couches successives, came celà est précisé dans ce brevet page 2, lignes 64 à 66.We also know the process described in the German patent 705,126 and according to which one acts by successive layers, this cam is specified in this
Les couches ont des compositions différentes : la première est en béton ponce, sans agrégats, (page 2, lignes 56-57) et les autres sont en béton ponce additionné d'agrégats (page 2, ligne 61).The layers have different compositions: the first is of pumice concrete, without aggregates, (
La première couche est légère et ne peut pas être vibrée (page 1, lignes 8 à 12). Alors, on place sur elle une couche lourde, contenant des agrégats et destinée à retenir la première couche légère.The first layer is light and cannot be vibrated (page 1, lines 8 to 12). Then, a heavy layer is placed on it, containing aggregates and intended to retain the first light layer.
Ce simple effet de poids est obtenu avec un seul agrégat et l'invention ne nécessite pas du tout la coordination de plusieurs agrégats ayant au moins trois fonctions différentes.This simple weight effect is obtained with a single aggregate and the invention does not at all require the coordination of several aggregates having at least three different functions.
Il faut procéder à plusieurs vibrations successives et l'on oonprend que la première vibration (page 2, lignes 63-63) a pour but de provoquer une faible interpénétration partielle entre la première couche (légère) de béton ponce et la deuxième couche (lourde) de béton ponce et de sable.It is necessary to carry out several successive vibrations and it is understood that the first vibration (
Dans ce brevet, il est prévu une granulométrie uniforme ( page 2 lignes 82 à 84) et située entre 0 et 7.In this patent, a uniform particle size is provided (
Ce brevet est muet à propos des densités apparentes, alors que pour la présente invention, des considérations liées aux densités apparentes sont importantes.This patent is silent on the apparent densities, while for the present invention, considerations related to the apparent densities are important.
Selon l'invention on prévoit d'abord la constitution d'un mélange homogène unique dont les constituants doivent être répartis aussi uniformément que possible dans les trois dimensions du volume, par gâchage.According to the invention, provision is first made for the constitution of a single homogeneous mixture, the constituents of which must be distributed as uniformly as possible in the three dimensions of the volume, by mixing.
Ce mélange reste homogène lors du remplissage du moule.This mixture remains homogeneous during filling of the mold.
On remplit le moule en se gardant bien que des couches se différencient puisque l'on veut éviter toute solution de continuité en vue d'éviter tout clivage.We fill the mold, taking care that the layers are different since we want to avoid any solution of continuity in order to avoid any cleavage.
On remarque que celà est diamétralement opposé aux dispostions du brevet allemand 705.126 qui prévoit au contraire la prévision de couches successives et indépendamment vibrées.It is noted that this is diametrically opposed to the provisions of the German patent 705,126 which on the contrary provides for the provision of successive and independently vibrated layers.
Selon l'invention on procède à une seule action de vibration pour obtenir un étageront des composants par densité dans toute la masse et pour tous ses composants.According to the invention, a single vibration action is carried out in order to obtain a layer of components by density throughout the mass and for all of its components.
Avec une pièce conforme à l'invention, on voit qu'en tous points de son épaisseur se trouvent tous les composants convenablement mélangés mais en proportion différente selon que l'on se place près de la face qui était au fond du roule lors de la vibration ou près de la face qui était en surface.With a part in accordance with the invention, it can be seen that at all points of its thickness are found all of the components suitably mixed but in different proportions depending on whether one is placed near the face which was at the bottom of the roll during the vibration or near the face that was on the surface.
L'invention prévoit une distinction, un échelonnement et une coordination des densités apparentes des composants ( au moins deux mais aussi trois, quatre, ou cinq etc...) et du liant lui-même.The invention provides for a distinction, a staggering and a coordination of the apparent densities of the components (at least two but also three, four, or five, etc.) and of the binder itself.
L'invention permet d'obtenir un béton isolant homogène donnant naissance à une pièce finie de bel aspect, le tout en une seule opération de moulage.The invention makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous insulating concrete giving rise to a finished part of good appearance, all in a single molding operation.
L'invention sera mieux comprise par la description détaillée ci-après faite en référence au dessin annexé. Bine entendu la description et le dessin ne sont donnés qu'à titre d'exemple indicatif et non limitatif.The invention will be better understood from the detailed description below made with reference to the accompanying drawing. Obviously, the description and the drawing are only given by way of an indicative and nonlimiting example.
- La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe illustrant un procédé conforme à l'invention dans sa phase de coulage dans un roule et de vibration de l'ensemble.Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a method according to the invention in its casting phase in a roll and vibration of the assembly.
- La figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe montrant une pièce obtenue avec un béton et selon le procédé conformes à l'invention.Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view showing a part obtained with a concrete and according to the method according to the invention.
- La figure 3 est un diagramme illustrant la répartition des composants du béton selon leur densité apparente.Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of concrete components according to their apparent density.
- Les figures 4 et 5 sont deux vues schématiques partielles de pièces obtenues avec un béton et un procédé conformes à l'invention, selon deux variantes.Figures 4 and 5 are two partial schematic views of parts obtained with a concrete and a method according to the invention, according to two variants.
Un béton selonl'invention est du type comprenant un liant hydraulique et un agrégat devant être mélangés et gâchés avec de l'eau, l'agrégat ayant un composant au moins qui est constitué d'un matériau alvéolaire à cellules fermées tel que la pierre ponce, et est caractérisé en ce que l'agrégat comprend au moins deux composants dont les densités apparentes sont différentes et sont coordonnées avec la densité apparente du liant hydraulique pour que ces densités aient des valeurs qui soient à la fois distinctes et échelonnées de manière aussi régulière que possible depuis la densité apparente du liant hydraulique qui a la valeur la plus faible.A concrete according to the invention is of the type comprising a hydraulic binder and an aggregate to be mixed and mixed with water, the aggregate having at least one component which is made of a closed cell foam material such as pumice , and is characterized in that the aggregate comprises at least two components whose apparent densities are different and are coordinated with the apparent density of the hydraulic binder so that these densities have values which are both distinct and staggered as regularly as possible from the apparent density of the hydraulic binder which has the lowest value.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, les constituants du béton, c'est-à-dire le liant hydraulique, les composants de l'agrégat, l'eau de gâchage et, le cas échéant, un ou plusieurs additifs connus en soi, sont présents dans une proportion relative telle que le béton ait, après gâchage, une consistance qui s'oppose à l'étagement effectif spontané des constituants.According to a characteristic of the invention, the constituents of concrete, that is to say the hydraulic binder, the components of the aggregate, the mixing water and, where appropriate, one or more additives known per se, are present in a relative proportion such that the concrete has, after mixing, a consistency which opposes the spontaneous effective staging of the constituents.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, le béton comprend les constituants ci-après, pour un volume final de 1 mètre cube :
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé pour l'obtention de pièces à partir d'un béton tel que défini ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce que les constituants sont mélangés, mouillés et gâchés, puis que le produit obtenu est placé dans un moule étanche, puis que l'ensemble du moule et de son contenu est soumis à des vibrations d'intensité et de durée établies pour qu'en fin d'opération les constituants soient étagés sans être séparés par une solution de continuité,en vue d'éviter tout clivage.The invention also relates to a process for obtaining parts from a concrete as defined above, characterized in that the constituents are mixed, wetted and mixed, then that the product obtained is placed in a waterproof mold, then the whole mold and its contents are subjected to vibrations of intensity and duration established so that at the end of the operation the constituents are staged without being separated by a continuity solution, in order to '' avoid any cleavage.
Selon une caractéristique du procédé selon l'invention, après prise, durcissement et démoulage habituels, la pièce obtenue est soumise à un traitement de surface tel que sablage, grésage et analogue, sur celle de ses faces qui correspond à la plus grande proportion de constituant dont la densité apparente a la valeur la plus grande et qui, simultanément, est destinée à former le parement de la pièce.According to a characteristic of the process according to the invention, after setting, hardening and demolding usual, the part obtained is subjected to a surface treatment such as sanding, sanding and the like, on that of its faces which corresponds to the largest proportion of constituent whose bulk density has the highest value and which, simultaneously, is intended to form the facing of the part.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le fond du moule est recouvert, en tout ou en partie, d'un produit de démoulage ayant soit un effet retardateur de prise, soit de désactivation du liant hydraulique, afin de permettre le retrait de ce dernier sur la face correspondante de la pièce obtenue, par tout moyen connu.According to a particular embodiment, the bottom of the mold is covered, in whole or in part, with a release product having either a setting retarding effect, or deactivation of the hydraulic binder, in order to allow the removal of the latter on the corresponding face of the part obtained, by any known means.
Pour obtenir un béton conforme à l'invention,on utilise un liant hydraulique tel qu'un ciment Portland artificiel blanc ou gris ou bien un ciment à haute teneur en silice dont la densité apparente est comprise entre 1 et 2,5.To obtain a concrete according to the invention, a hydraulic binder is used such as a white or gray artificial Portland cement or else a cement with a high silica content whose apparent density is between 1 and 2.5.
On utilise également du sable ou du gravillon de densité apparente inférieure à 1,2 et des granulats isolants de densité au plus égale à 0,7.Sand or gravel with an apparent density of less than 1.2 is also used and insulating aggregates with a density of at most 0.7.
Selon la nature exacte des granulats,on utilise plus ou moins d'eau de mouillage pour amener les composants à leur taux d'humidité de travail, puis ces composants sont mis dans un malaxeur avec de l'eau de malaxage et, le plus souvent,un additif tel qu'un hydrofuge de masse,un entraineur d'air etc...Depending on the exact nature of the aggregates, more or less wetting water is used to bring the components to their working humidity level, then these components are put in a kneader with kneading water and, most often , an additive such as a water repellent, an air entrainer etc ...
Pour obtenir 1 m3 de béton conforme à l'invention,on peut doser le liant hydraulique à raison de 300 à 350 kilos,le sable ou le gravillon à raison de 100 à 180 kilos, les granulats isolants à raison de 150 à 700 kilos,l'eau de mouillage pour 80 à 150 litres,l'eau de malaxage pour 160 à 180 litres,les additifs étant comptés en ajout.To obtain 1 m3 of concrete in accordance with the invention, the hydraulic binder can be dosed at the rate of 300 to 350 kilos, the sand or gravel at the rate of 100 to 180 kilos, the insulating aggregates at the rate of 150 to 700 kilos, dampening water for 80 to 150 liters, mixing water for 160 to 180 liters, the additives being counted as addition.
Après mouillage et malaxage dans un malaxeur à béton traditionnel, le béton est transporté et coulé dans des mules étanches selon la méthode traditionnelle.After wetting and mixing in a traditional concrete mixer, the concrete is transported and poured into waterproof mules according to the traditional method.
La figure 1 illustre cette phase du procédé conforme à l'invention où l'on voit qu'un mule 1 est placé sur une table 2 équipée d'un vibrateur 3 de tout type connu permettant d'imprimer à l'ensemble du moule et, par suite, à l'ensemble de la masse coulée,des vibrations dont l'importance est capitale pour obtenir les résultats visés par la présente invention.FIG. 1 illustrates this phase of the process according to the invention in which it can be seen that a mule 1 is placed on a table 2 equipped with a
En effet, il faut s'assurer que les vibrations ont des caractéristiques constantes afin que leur efficacité soit elle-même constante et l'on doit surveiller la durée de cette opération de vibration pour que l'on obtienne une mise en place régulière des différents composants en fonction de leur densité apparente relative.Indeed, it is necessary to make sure that the vibrations have constant characteristics so that their effectiveness is itself constant and one must monitor the duration of this vibration operation so that one obtains a regular installation of the various components according to their relative apparent density.
Pour que l'étagement des composants soit bon et contrôlable, il faut que ces composants aient au moins trois densités apparentes très différentes mais sans que ces différences provoquent une véritable hétérogénéité car il faut éviter le clivage et celà est obtenu grâce aux proportions de ces composants et grâce à la consistance du béton lors de sa mise en place d'où il résulte qu'un facteur important pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention est le rapport
On voit sur la figure 2 une pièce obtenue avec le béton mis en place comme on vient de le décrire.We see in Figure 2 a part obtained with the concrete in place as we have just described.
Naturellement, le caractère très schématique de ces dessins est évident et l'on ne saurait leur attribuer plus d'importance que celle qui leur est dévolue à savoir d'illustrer la présente description sans en fixer rigidement les limites.Naturally, the very schematic nature of these drawings is obvious and we could not attribute more importance to them than that which is assigned to them, namely to illustrate the present description without rigidly fixing the limits.
On a représenté sur la figure 2 trois zones A,B et C qui correspondent respectivement à la fraction la plus légère, la fraction moyenne et la fraction la plus lourde du béton considéré.FIG. 2 shows three zones A, B and C which correspond respectively to the lightest fraction, the average fraction and the heaviest fraction of the concrete considered.
En l'occurence, la fraction A est essentiellennt composée des granulats isolants dont la densité apparente est au plus égale à 0,7 mais dans une masse comprenant bien entendu une partie du liant hydraulique et du sable.In this case, fraction A is essentially composed of insulating aggregates whose apparent density is at most equal to 0.7 but in a mass of course comprising part of the hydraulic binder and sand.
La zone B correspond à une zone intermédiaire où l'on trouve encore des granulats légers mais en proportion moindre que dans la zone A, l'essentiel de cette zone B étant constitué par le sable et le gravillon.Zone B corresponds to an intermediate zone where light aggregates are still found but in a smaller proportion than in zone A, most of this zone B being made up of sand and gravel.
La fraction C correspond à la fraction la plus lourde et en même temps au composant qui a le plus tendance à tomber au fond du mélange, dans un moule 1 lors des vibrations, ce qui donne une prédominance de sable mélangé au liant hydraulique qui donne à cette fraction C des caractéristiques de très grande dureté.Fraction C corresponds to the heaviest fraction and at the same time to the component which has the most tendency to fall to the bottom of the mixture, in a mold 1 during vibrations, which gives a predominance of sand mixed with the hydraulic binder which gives this fraction C has very high hardness characteristics.
Il est essentiel que les trois zones A, B et C soient, dans la réalité, liées les unes aux autres afin d'éviter tout clivage et il est bon de s'assurer que le passage de la zone A à la zone C se fasse par une transition pratiquement continue sans aucune solution de continuité car celà provoquerait des zones d'affaiblissement qui pourraient aboutir à des amorces de rupture.It is essential that the three zones A, B and C are, in reality, linked to each other in order to avoid any cleavage and it is good to ensure that the transition from zone A to zone C takes place by a practically continuous transition without any solution of continuity because that would cause zones of weakening which could lead to incipient fractures.
Sur la figure 3 on a tenté de schématiser par un diagramme le caractère continu de la variation de composition qui a pour conséquence qu'en tout point de l'épaisseur d'une pièce conforme à l'invention se trouvent tous les composants convenablement mélangés mais en proportion différente selon que l'on se trouve près de la face qui était au fond du mule lors des vibrations ou de la face qui était en surface lors de cette opération.In FIG. 3, an attempt has been made to schematize by a diagram the continuous nature of the variation in composition which has the consequence that at all points of the thickness of a part in accordance with the invention are all the components suitably mixed but in different proportions depending on whether one is near the face which was at the bottom of the mule during the vibrations or the face which was on the surface during this operation.
Pour éviter toute solution de continuité il faut éliminer le système de vibration, qui consiste à utiliser des aiguilles plongées dans la masse et déplacées de proche en proche.To avoid any solution of continuity it is necessary to eliminate the system of vibration, which consists in using needles immersed in the mass and moved step by step.
Il est, au contraire, indispensable que l'ensemble de la masse soit mis en vibration, comme représenté schématiquement sur la figure 1, et cela par des moyens connus en soi mais dont la puissance doit être choisie de telle manière que les vibrations soient réparties de manière homogène dans toute la masse.It is, on the contrary, essential that the entire mass is vibrated, as shown diagrammatically in Figure 1, and this by means known per se but whose power must be chosen in such a way that the vibrations are distributed homogeneously throughout the mass.
On peut être ainsi amené à utiliser plusieurs moyens vibratoires répartis sous la table 2 lorsque le mule 1 est de grandes dimensions tandis qu'un seul vibreur 3 peut être suffisant lorsque la pièce à obtenir est de faible volume.It may thus be necessary to use several vibratory means distributed under the table 2 when the mule 1 is large while a
La pièce 4 représentée sur la figure 2 est supposée destinée à constituer une partie de paroi d'un bâtiment et sa face 4a doit être située vers l'intérieur du bâtiment tandis que la face 4b doit être située à l'extérieur.The part 4 shown in FIG. 2 is assumed to be intended to constitute a part of the wall of a building and its
Le granulat isolant qui constitue une grande partie de la fraction A, assure la protection thermique et acoustique du bâtiment tandis que le ciment qui est prépondérant dans la zone C participe à la dureté de la face extérieure de la pièce 4 et constitue une "peau" de bel aspect.The insulating aggregate which constitutes a large part of fraction A, ensures the thermal and acoustic protection of the building while the cement which is predominant in zone C contributes to the hardness of the external face of part 4 and constitutes a "skin" beautiful appearance.
Mais comme on l'a dit plus haut, le ciment n'est pas strictement localisé dans la zone C puisqu'au contraire il doit également être présent dans la zone B et dans la zone A.But as we said above, the cement is not strictly located in zone C since on the contrary it must also be present in zone B and in zone A.
Après l'opération de vibration décrite plus haut, la prise, le durcissement et le démoulage de la pièce sont obtenus dans les oondi- tions habituelles de la préfabrication et sont donc bien connus de l'homme de métier.After the vibration operation described above, the setting, hardening and demolding of the part are obtained under the usual conditions of prefabrication and are therefore well known to those skilled in the art.
Les granulats doivent avoir des caractéristiques d'isolation thermique et acoustique telles qu'elles sont définies, notamment par les normes NF, c'est à dire qu'elles doivent présenter un coefficient de conductivité thermique minimum et qui peut être variable selon les régions et selon les législations en vigueur.The aggregates must have thermal and acoustic insulation characteristics as defined, in particular by NF standards, i.e. they must have a minimum thermal conductivity coefficient which can be variable depending on the region and according to the legislation in force.
Les additifs sont également de type connu de l'homme de métier et l'on sait, par exemple, que les additifs hydrofuges de masse donnent à la pièce obtenue une grande résistance à la reprise d'humidité ce qui évite que l'isolation s'amoindrisse avec le tenps.The additives are also of a type known to those skilled in the art and it is known, for example, that water-repellent mass additives give the piece obtained has a high resistance to moisture uptake which prevents the insulation from diminishing with the tenps.
Le parement de la pièce 4, c'est à dire sa face 4b destinée à être à l'extérieur, peur rester brut de démoulage.The facing of the part 4, that is to say its
Il faut alors, puisque l'on s'impose un béton de type architectonique à aspect esthétique, que les composants fins soient en quantité suffisante, que le malaxage ait été mené pendant un temps suffisant pour que ces éléments fins soient répartis dans toute la masse, que l'on ait adopté un type de mule de bonne qualité et que l'on ait enduit l'intérieur du mule avec un produit de démoulage de type connu mais choisi pour assurer et préserver le bel aspect du parement.It is therefore necessary, since an architectonic type concrete with aesthetic appearance is required, that the fine components are in sufficient quantity, that the kneading has been carried out for a sufficient time so that these fine elements are distributed throughout the mass. , that one has adopted a type of good quality mule and that one has coated the inside of the mule with a release agent of known type but chosen to ensure and preserve the beautiful appearance of the facing.
La figure 4 représente une telle pièce et l'on voit que la zone C constitue simultanément le parement c'est à dire la face 4b.FIG. 4 represents such a part and it can be seen that zone C simultaneously constitutes the facing, that is to say the
Mais l'on peut aussi prévoir que le parement doit être traité, notamment par lavage ou brossage, lorsque l'on prévoit l'application sur les parois intérieures du roule d'un produit retardateur ou désactivant qui empêche la prise du liant hydraulique et qui laisse apparai- tre des granulats que l'on a prévus en fonction de leur densité apparente.But it can also be provided that the facing must be treated, in particular by washing or brushing, when provision is made for the application to the interior walls of the roll of a retarding or deactivating product which prevents the setting of the hydraulic binder and which reveals aggregates that have been planned according to their apparent density.
Sur la figure 5 on a représenté une telle pièce et l'on voit que l'on a prévu, parmi les composants du béton, non seulement les granulats isolants légers de la zone A mais aussi des granulats lourds tels que des fragments de quartz qui, lors de la vibration dans le roule 1, se partagent le volume de la zone C avec le ciment.In FIG. 5, such a part has been represented and it can be seen that provision has been made, among the concrete components, not only for the light insulating aggregates of zone A but also for heavy aggregates such as fragments of quartz which , during the vibration in roll 1, share the volume of zone C with the cement.
Après lavage ou brossage lorsque l'on a utilisé un produit retardataire ou désactivant, le ciment qui était seul visible sur le parement disparaît et laisse apparaître la partie extérieure des gros granulats encastrés dans la masse.After washing or brushing when a retarding or deactivating product has been used, the cement which was only visible on the facing disappears and reveals the outside of the large aggregates embedded in the mass.
Ainsi que cela est connu, après démoulage et traitement de surface, la pièce en béton est placée sous abri couvert, très aéré, pendant une durée suffisante pour obtenir le séchage complet selon les conditions climatiques locales.As is known, after demolding and surface treatment, the concrete part is placed under a covered, very ventilated shelter, for a sufficient time to obtain complete drying according to local climatic conditions.
Pour assurer la protection hydrofuge on peut non pas utiliser des additifs hydrofuges de masse comme décrit plus haut, mais prévoir un traitement hydrofuge par imprégnation sur toutes les faces de la pièce exposées à l'humidité, autres que celles devant assurer la liaison par mortier avec d'autres pièces analogues pour constituer la structure de la construction.To ensure water-repellent protection, it is not possible to use mass water-repellent additives as described above, but to provide a water-repellent treatment by impregnation on all the faces of the part exposed to moisture, other than those which must ensure the connection by mortar with other similar parts to constitute the structure of the construction.
De tels traitements sont bien connus et permettent de donner une véritable garantie d'efficacité pendant au mins dix années.Such treatments are well known and provide a real guarantee of effectiveness for at least ten years.
On va maintenant décrire quelques exemples de composition permettant d'obtenir avec le procédé conforme à l'invention, des pièces en béton satisfaisantes.We will now describe some examples of composition making it possible to obtain, with the process according to the invention, satisfactory concrete parts.
Pour obtenir 1m3 de béton prêt au moulage, on prend :
Après mouillage et malaxage, ce mélange est introduit dans un moule métallique dont le fond est enduit avec un produit démoulant connu dans le commerce sous le nom de "D.C. 60H" et commercialisé par la Société LANCO France, 101, rue Galliéni, BOULOGNE sur SEINE (Hauts de Seine, France).After wetting and kneading, this mixture is introduced into a metal mold, the bottom of which is coated with a release agent known in the trade under the name of "DC 60H" and marketed by the company LANCO France, 101, rue Galliéni, BOULOGNE sur SEINE (Hauts de Seine, France).
On pourrait également utiliser un désactivant assurant un retard de prise du liant hydraulique tel que l'on peut ultérieurement le retirer superficiellement, ce désactivant pouvant être, notamment, celui connu dans le commerce sous le nom de "5/01 Pieri" et commercialisé par la Société PIERI, Sallenard, SAGY (Saône et Loire, France).One could also use a deactivator ensuring a setting delay of the hydraulic binder such that it can subsequently be superficially removed, this deactivator possibly being, in particular, that known in the trade under the name "5/01 Pieri" and marketed by PIERI, Sallenard, SAGY (Saône et Loire, France).
Ce mélange, après mouillage et malaxage, peut être coulé dans un mule par exemple avec les opérations et au moyen des produits décrits ci-dessus pour l'exemple 1.This mixture, after wetting and kneading, can be poured into a mule for example with the operations and by means of the products described above for example 1.
On note qu'avec ces deux premiers exemples, une composition conforme à l'invention comprend des composants qui se répartissent selon trois densités apparentes :
- le "Termograin" est léger puisque sa densité apparente est au plus égale à 0,7;le sable est lourd puisque sa densité apparente atteint 1,5;le ciment est encore plus lourd puisqu'il atteint une densité apparente de 2,5.
- the "Termograin" is light since its apparent density is at most equal to 0.7; the sand is heavy since its apparent density reaches 1.5; the cement is even heavier since it reaches an apparent density of 2.5.
On note que ces trois densités apparentes sont très différentes les unes des autres nais qu'elles restent toutes trois à l'intérieur d'une famille homogène.We note that these three apparent densities are very different from each other but that all three remain within a homogeneous family.
Ainsi, le ciment constitue un milieu de densité moyenne dans lequel, par évolution facile, les autres éléments se répartissent en fonction de leur densité, lors de la vibration.Thus, the cement constitutes a medium of medium density in which, by easy evolution, the other elements are distributed according to their density, during the vibration.
Après mouillage et malaxage, cette composition est prête à être coulée dans un moule comme indiqué ci-dessus.After wetting and kneading, this composition is ready to be poured into a mold as indicated above.
On note que les compositions données ici pour les exemples 3 et 4 ont des composants qui s'étagent sur quatre densités apparentes :
- .le ciment de densité apparente 1 à 2,5 est lourd;
- .le quartz de densité apparente 1,4 est également lourd;
- .le "Termograin" de densité apparente 0,7 est de poids moyen;
- .l"Expanver"de densité apparente 0,14 est léger.
- the cement with an apparent density 1 to 2.5 is heavy;
- the quartz with an apparent density of 1.4 is also heavy;
- .the "Termograin" with an apparent density 0.7 is of average weight;
- .l "Expanver" with an apparent density of 0.14 is light.
Selon la granulométrie du quartz, on peut obtenir avec ces deux derniers exemples des pièces du type représenté sur la figure 5.Depending on the grain size of the quartz, it is possible with these last two examples to obtain parts of the type shown in FIG. 5.
Un béton conforme à l'invention présente les caractéristiques suivantes :
- - comportement au feu : incombustible (M zéro)
- - affaiblissement accoustique : -25 à -40 décibels dans les hautes fréquences pour une épaisseur d'environ 16 centimètres.
- - fire behavior: non-combustible (M zero)
- - acoustic reduction: -25 to -40 decibels in the high frequencies for a thickness of about 16 centimeters.
Le ciment Portland artificiel qui a été cité à titre d'exemple, présente l'avantage d'avoir une excellente continuité de couleur.de sorte que malgré des réapprovisionnements successifs on peut obtenir un aspect extérieur de couleur et de caractéristiques constantes.The artificial Portland cement which has been cited by way of example has the advantage of having excellent color continuity, so that despite successive replenishments it is possible to obtain an external appearance of color and of constant characteristics.
La durée de l'opération de vibration est fonction de la masse coulée,des produits mis en oeuvre,de la plasticité de l'ensemble, de la forme des pièces et de la nature du moule.The duration of the vibration operation depends on the mass poured, the products used, the plasticity of the assembly, the shape of the parts and the nature of the mold.
Ainsi, par exemple, plus la masse est sèche plus la vibration devra durer longtemps.Thus, for example, the drier the mass, the longer the vibration will have to last.
Plus la différence entre les densités apparentes est grande et plus la durée de la vibration doit être courte puisque les composants ont une tendance naturelle à la ségrégation.The greater the difference between the apparent densities, the shorter the duration of the vibration, since the components have a natural tendency to segregate.
L'invention n'est pas limitée aux seuls modes de réalisation décrits et représentés mais en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes.The invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown but on the contrary embraces all variants.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8107757A FR2504119B1 (en) | 1981-04-17 | 1981-04-17 | INSULATING CONCRETE AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
FR8107757 | 1981-04-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0063526A1 true EP0063526A1 (en) | 1982-10-27 |
Family
ID=9257535
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82400682A Withdrawn EP0063526A1 (en) | 1981-04-17 | 1982-04-16 | Isolating concrete and process for its production |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0063526A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2504119B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2689497A1 (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-08 | Leblanc Pierre | Light concrete compsn. for making floating prods. - contains material with closed porosity giving it low density and hydrophobic material ensuring watertight structure |
KR101141763B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2012-05-08 | 앙도르쉐르슈 인코포레이티드 | Pharmaceutical composition for treating and/or suppressing weight gain |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE705126C (en) * | 1939-01-03 | 1941-09-24 | August Trachte | Process for the production of reinforced pumice concrete boards which are also provided with cavities |
FR2218307A1 (en) * | 1973-02-17 | 1974-09-13 | Sekisui Jushi Kk | |
DE2547908A1 (en) * | 1975-10-25 | 1977-04-28 | Perlmooser Zementwerke Ag | Synthetic aggregate for lightweight concrete - consists of porous cement which is hardened, then crushed into powder |
-
1981
- 1981-04-17 FR FR8107757A patent/FR2504119B1/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-04-16 EP EP82400682A patent/EP0063526A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE705126C (en) * | 1939-01-03 | 1941-09-24 | August Trachte | Process for the production of reinforced pumice concrete boards which are also provided with cavities |
FR2218307A1 (en) * | 1973-02-17 | 1974-09-13 | Sekisui Jushi Kk | |
DE2547908A1 (en) * | 1975-10-25 | 1977-04-28 | Perlmooser Zementwerke Ag | Synthetic aggregate for lightweight concrete - consists of porous cement which is hardened, then crushed into powder |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2689497A1 (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-08 | Leblanc Pierre | Light concrete compsn. for making floating prods. - contains material with closed porosity giving it low density and hydrophobic material ensuring watertight structure |
KR101141763B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2012-05-08 | 앙도르쉐르슈 인코포레이티드 | Pharmaceutical composition for treating and/or suppressing weight gain |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2504119A1 (en) | 1982-10-22 |
FR2504119B1 (en) | 1985-09-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2401239B1 (en) | Powder insulating mortar, and layered insulating mortar | |
CA2215337A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of cementitious slab products and the resulting products | |
FR3021652A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A CONCRETE COMPOSITION OR ALLOY MORTAR | |
FR2876400A1 (en) | Hollow brick filled with an insulating material with a base of expanded perlite or vermiculite for use as a construction material meeting category A1 requirements | |
EP0290571B1 (en) | Method for fabricating a construction element with a hydraulic binder, element thus obtained and building method using such elements | |
EP0063526A1 (en) | Isolating concrete and process for its production | |
FR2539410A1 (en) | Construction material with improved insulating power and method for its manufacture | |
EP1063364B1 (en) | Insulating wall | |
FR3040701A1 (en) | TEXTILE CONCRETE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH CONCRETE AND ANTI-NOISE SCREEN COMPRISING SUCH CONCRETE | |
FR2507592A1 (en) | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL | |
EP0188557A1 (en) | Aggregate cement construction element and method and device for making the same | |
FR2530528A1 (en) | Process for manufacturing a lightweight panel made from cellular concrete. | |
RU2064408C1 (en) | Method of moulding building blocks | |
EP0085824B1 (en) | Process for the production of cast concrete products, and products obtained by this process | |
EP3227247B1 (en) | Manufacturing concrete construction elements containing crushed sea-shells, which are self-draining and mechanically strong | |
FR2525586A1 (en) | Thermally:insulating lightweight concrete - contains not only expanded polymer beads, but also expanded clay or glass beads improving strength and mouldability of concrete | |
FR2462406A1 (en) | Lightweight concrete panels for heat and sound insulation - made from expanded cork granules, cement, and aq. emulsion of elastomer resin | |
FR2555633A1 (en) | Components cast out of lightweight insulating concrete, method of manufacture and composition | |
FR2816613A1 (en) | Lightweight ceramics made by firing mixtures of natural soil materials with an aerating agent that disappears during firing | |
EP0143015A1 (en) | Lightened impermeable ceramic product and process for obtaining it | |
RU2064409C1 (en) | Method of moulding building blocks | |
FR3127437A1 (en) | cement board | |
CH359650A (en) | A method of manufacturing a lightweight, high-strength concrete, and concrete obtained by this method | |
WO2000050356A1 (en) | Method for producing artificial stone | |
FR2580627A1 (en) | Process and composition for the manufacture of earthenware slabs and earthenware slabs thus obtained |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE GB IT LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19830428 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19840518 |