EP0063173A1 - Fluidized bed furnace - Google Patents
Fluidized bed furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0063173A1 EP0063173A1 EP81108394A EP81108394A EP0063173A1 EP 0063173 A1 EP0063173 A1 EP 0063173A1 EP 81108394 A EP81108394 A EP 81108394A EP 81108394 A EP81108394 A EP 81108394A EP 0063173 A1 EP0063173 A1 EP 0063173A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- fluidized bed
- funnel
- fluidizing
- fluidizing tubes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/99006—Arrangements for starting combustion
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- a fluidized bed firing of this type is already known.
- This is a so-called circulating fluidized bed, in which the inert material is continuously drawn from the fluidized bed in a circuit, cooled in a heat exchanger and returned to the fluidized bed in order to lower the temperature.
- the heat exchanger can be arranged in the ash funnel according to one embodiment, which is directly under the grate.
- the invention does not aim to remove heat from the fluidized bed. Rather, the invention is based on the object of cooling the precipitated ash in a simple manner, avoiding excessive heating of the lower furnace parts and using the heat dissipated.
- the ash funnel is also cooled from the outside using the heat given off in full.
- a suitable air flow, in which the air intended for cooling the ash is brought to elevated pressure, is specified in claim 4.
- the integration of the pilot burner in the compact system, as specified in claim 5, ensures that only a small amount of furnace mass is to be heated during ignition, no heat is lost, the heating-up time is as short as possible and the consumption of pilot fuel is as low as possible.
- the combustion chamber 2 enclosed by fireproof masonry 1 has a loading opening 3 and a flue gas outlet 4. Heat exchangers can be arranged in the combustion chamber 2, which are not part of the invention and are therefore not shown in the drawing for the sake of simplicity.
- a funnel 6 is arranged under the bottom 5, the upper opening of which is substantially equal to the bottom surface of the combustion chamber 2.
- the funnel 6 runs out into an ash extraction opening 7.
- the entire funnel is surrounded by a pressure-tight air box 8.
- This can be supplied with compressed air via a pipeline 9 by a main fan 10.
- several parallel, horizontal blow pipes 11 are arranged at approximately half the height, which are provided with openings directed upwards.
- the blowpipes 11 are connected via a distributor 12 and a pipeline 13 to a pressure-increasing fan 14, which is connected to the inside of the air box 8 via a pipeline 15.
- the bottom 5 consists of several parallel fluidizing tubes 16, which are equipped with nozzles 17 on the top.
- the fluidizing tubes 16 are fixedly connected at one end to the wall of the funnel 6 and are slidingly in the vicinity of the other end in order to enable thermal expansion.
- the right side in the drawing is closed, the left end face is open for air intake.
- the individual fluidizing tubes 16 are assigned pilot burners 18, which are directed into the open end faces. There is a gap 19 for the air between the pilot burner and the fluidizing tube.
- the combustion chamber 2 there is a fluidized bed in stationary operation, which consists of a small percentage of fuel and ash in the rest.
- the ashes are discharged continuously or in batches to the extent that new ashes are generated by the burning out of the fuel supplied.
- Ash filling is included
- Cooling air is blown into the blowpipes 11 and cools the ash from about 800 ° C. to about 100 ° C.
- the cooling air reaches the fluidized bed as preheated combustion air and, together with the air emerging from the nozzles 17, causes the fluidization.
- the cooling does not require an increase in the total air volume.
- the amount of air diverted from the total amount of air for cooling is dimensioned so that the loosening speed is not reached at any point in the stationary ash filling.
- the amount of air flowing through the ash filling is large enough to make it easier for the ash to slide down.
- the cooling air supplied to the blowpipes 11 is removed from the air box 8.
- Pressure surges in the air box 8 which are caused by bursting bubbles and subsequent material in the fluidized bed, therefore generate simultaneous pressure surges in the cooling air, which largely compensate for the shocks exerted by the fluidized bed on the ash filling and thus counteract a solidification of the ash filling.
- the vortex air is also taken from the air box 8. Due to the intensive air flow, the funnel 6 is constantly effectively cooled from the outside and the heat dissipated is fully used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wirbelbettfeuerung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion according to the preamble of
Durch die DE-OS 29 35 542 ist bereits eine Wirbelschichtfeuerung dieser Gattung bekannt. Dabei handelt es sich um ein sogenanntes zirkulierendes Wirbelbett, bei dem das Inertmaterial ständig im Kreislauf aus der Wirbelschicht abgezogen, in einem Wärmetauscher abgekühlt und zwecks Temperaturerniedrigung der Wirbelschicht in diese zurückgeführt wird.. Der Wärmetauscher kann dabei gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel in dem Aschetrichter angeordnet sein, der sich unmittelbar unter dem Rost befindet.From DE-OS 29 35 542 a fluidized bed firing of this type is already known. This is a so-called circulating fluidized bed, in which the inert material is continuously drawn from the fluidized bed in a circuit, cooled in a heat exchanger and returned to the fluidized bed in order to lower the temperature. The heat exchanger can be arranged in the ash funnel according to one embodiment, which is directly under the grate.
Im Gegensatz zu.diesem bekannten Stand der Technik zielt die Erfindung nicht darauf ab, der Wirbelschicht Wärme zu entziehen. Der Erfindung liegt vielmehr die Aufgabe zugrunde, in einfacher Weise die ausfallende Asche zu kühlen, eine übermäßige Erwärmung der unteren Ofenteile zu vermeiden und die abgeleitete Wärme zu nutzen.In contrast to this known prior art, the invention does not aim to remove heat from the fluidized bed. Rather, the invention is based on the object of cooling the precipitated ash in a simple manner, avoiding excessive heating of the lower furnace parts and using the heat dissipated.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebene Merkmal gelöst. Die Aschewärme wird so nahezu in vollem Umfang unmittelbar wieder der Verbrennung zugeführt. Dadurch ergibt sich vor allem beim Verfeuern von aschereichen Brennstoffen eine beachtliche Brennstoffersparnis. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß die eingeblasene Luft die Asche auflockert und so deren störungsfreien Abzug erleichtert.This object is achieved by the feature specified in the characterizing part of
Gemäß Anspruch 2 wird der Aschetrichter unter voller Nutzung der abgegebenen Wärme auch von außen gekühlt.According to
Das Merkmal des Anspruchs 3 ergibt eine noch intensivere Kühlung des Trichters.The feature of
Eine zweckmäßige Luftführung, bei der die für die Kühlung der Asche bestimmte Luft auf erhöhten Druck gebracht wird, ist in Anspruch 4 angegeben.A suitable air flow, in which the air intended for cooling the ash is brought to elevated pressure, is specified in
Durch die in Anspruch 5 angegebene Integration der Zündbrenner in das kompakte System wird erreicht, daß beim Zünden nur wenig Ofenmasse aufzuheizen ist, keine Wärme verloren geht, die Aufheizzeit möglichst kurz und der Verbrauch an Zündbrennstoff möglichst gering ist.The integration of the pilot burner in the compact system, as specified in
Die Zeichnung dient zur Erläuterung der Erfindung anhand eines schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels.The drawing serves to explain the invention using a schematically illustrated embodiment.
Die von feuerfestem Mauerwerk 1 umschlossene Brennkammer 2 hat eine Beschickungsöffnung 3 und einen Rauchgasabzug 4. In der Brennkammer 2 können Wärmetauscher angeordnet sein, die nicht zur Erfindung gehören und daher der Einfachheit halber in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt sind. Unter dem Boden 5 ist ein Trichter 6 angeordnet, dessen obere öffnung im wesentlichen gleich der Bodenfläche der Brennkammer 2 ist.The
Unten läuft der Trichter 6 in eine Ascheabzugsöffnung 7 aus. Der gesamte Trichter ist von einem druckdichten Luftkasten 8 umgeben. Dieser ist über eine Rohrleitung 9 durch ein Hauptgebläse 10 mit Druckluft beaufschlagbar. In dem Trichter 6 sind auf annähernd halber Höhe mehrere parallele, waagerechte Blasrohre 11 angeordnet, die mit nach oben gerichteten Öffnungen versehen sind. Die Blasrohre 11 sind über einen Verteiler 12 und eine Rohrleitung 13 an ein Druckerhöhungsgebläse 14 angeschlossen, das ansaugseitig über eine Rohrleitung 15 mit dem Innern des Luftkastens 8 in Verbindung steht.At the bottom, the
Der Boden 5 besteht aus mehreren parallelen Fluidisierrohren 16, die auf der Oberseite mit Düsen 17 besetzt sind. Die Fluidisierrohre 16 sind an einem Ende fest mit der Wand des Trichters 6 verbunden und liegen zwecks Ermöglichung von Wärmedehnungen in der Nähe des anderen Endes gleitend auf. Die in der Zeichnung rechte Seite ist geschlossen, die linke Stirnseite ist für den Lufteintritt offen.The
Den einzelnen Fluidisierrohren 16 sind Zündbrenner 18 zugeordnet, die in die offenen Stirnseiten hineingerichtet sind. Zwischen Zündbrenner und Fluidisierrohr befindet sich jeweils ein Spalt 19 für die Luft.The individual fluidizing
In der Brennkammer 2 befindet sich im stationären Betrieb eine Wirbelschicht, die zu einem geringem Prozentsatz aus Brennstoff und im übrigen aus Asche besteht, In dem Trichter 6 befindet sich eine im wesentlichen ruhende Aschefüllung, die bis zur Höhe der Düsen 17 reicht. Die Asche wird kontinuierlich oder schubweise in dem Maße ausgetragen, wie durch den Ausbrand des zugeführten Brennstoffs neue Asche anfällt.. In die. Aschefüllung wird mit den Blasrohren 11 Kühlluft eingeblasen, die die Asche von etwa 800° C auf etwa 100° C kühlt. Die Kühlluft gelangt als vorgewärmte Verbrennungsluft in die Wirbelschicht und bewirkt zusammen mit der aus den Düsen 17 aus-, tretenden Luft die Aufwirbelung. Die Kühlung erfordert keine Erhöhung der Gesamtluftmenge. Die aus der Gesamtluftmenge für die Kühlung abgezweigte Luftmenge wird so bemessen, daß an keiner Stelle der ruhenden Aschefüllung die Lockerungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht wird. Die durch die Aschefüllung strömende Luftmenge ist aber groß genug, um das Nachrutschen der Asche zu erleichtern. Die-den Blasrohren 11 zugeführte Kühlluft wird dem Luftkasten 8 entnommen. Druckstöße im Luftkasten 8, die durch zerplatzende Blasen und nachschießendes Material in der Wirbelschicht verursacht werden, erzeugen daher in der Kühlluft zeitgleiche Druckstöße, die die von der Wirbelschicht auf die Aschefüllung ausgeübten Stöße weitgehend kompensieren und so einer Verfestigung der Aschefüllung entgegenwirken. Die Wirbelluft wird ebenfalls dem Luftkasten8 entnommen. Durch die intensive Luftströmung wird der Trichter 6 von außen ständig wirksam gekühlt und die abgeführte Wärme voll genutzt.In the
Beim Anfahren wird die Wirbelluft mit den Zündbrennern 18 auf rund 800 o C aufgeheizt, bevor sie in die Wirbelschicht eingeführt wird. Die durch die Spalte 19 gemäß Pfeil 20 in die Fluidisierrohre 16 einströmende Wirbelluft dient dabei gleichzeitig als Sekundärluft für die Zündbrenner 18.When starting the fluidizing air with the
Claims (5)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Trichter (6) mit Luft beaufschlagte, mit Austrittsöffnungen versehene Blasrohre (11) angeordnet sind.1. fluidized bed combustion, in particular for burning ash-rich fuels,
characterized in that in the funnel (6) with air, provided with outlet openings, blow pipes (11) are arranged.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3115236 | 1981-04-15 | ||
DE3115236A DE3115236A1 (en) | 1981-04-15 | 1981-04-15 | Fluid bed firing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0063173A1 true EP0063173A1 (en) | 1982-10-27 |
EP0063173B1 EP0063173B1 (en) | 1984-09-26 |
Family
ID=6130217
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81108394A Expired EP0063173B1 (en) | 1981-04-15 | 1981-10-16 | Fluidized bed furnace |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0063173B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3115236A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0251247A1 (en) * | 1986-07-03 | 1988-01-07 | ASEA STAL Aktiebolag | Power plant with combustion of a fuel in a fluidized bed |
US4852345A (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1989-08-01 | Abb Stal Ab | Method of cooling bed material from a fluidized bed and a power plant with cooling means for bed material |
US4909163A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1990-03-20 | Abb Stal Ab | Method and a device for cooling ashes in a PFBC power plant |
US4944148A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1990-07-31 | Abb Stal Ab | Method and a device for cooling of a PFBC power plant after a gas turbine trip |
WO2010057714A2 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-05-27 | Biomass Heating Solutions Limited | A Fluidised Bed Unit |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3343480A1 (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1985-06-13 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach | Process and apparatus for the fluidising and simultaneous cooling of fluidised bed material in a fluidised bed furnace |
DE3527825A1 (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-02-05 | Hoelter Heinz | Fluidised-bed furnace installation with open afflux bottom |
AT399379B (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1995-04-25 | Waagner Biro Ag | COMBUSTION DEVICE FOR ASH FUELS |
RU2488061C2 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2013-07-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Воронежский государственный технический университет" | Method of gas media heat exchange |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2303452A1 (en) * | 1972-01-26 | 1973-08-02 | British Petroleum Co | DISTRIBUTION PLATE FOR FLUIDED BED FURNACE |
DE2935542A1 (en) * | 1978-09-04 | 1980-03-27 | Hamjern As | METHOD FOR OPERATING A FLUID-LAYER COMBUSTION PLANT AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
GB2032598A (en) * | 1978-10-03 | 1980-05-08 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corp | Cooling material discharged from fluidized beds |
DE2856870A1 (en) * | 1978-12-30 | 1980-07-10 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Fluidized bed firing for central heating boilers |
-
1981
- 1981-04-15 DE DE3115236A patent/DE3115236A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-10-16 DE DE8181108394T patent/DE3166348D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-16 EP EP81108394A patent/EP0063173B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2303452A1 (en) * | 1972-01-26 | 1973-08-02 | British Petroleum Co | DISTRIBUTION PLATE FOR FLUIDED BED FURNACE |
DE2935542A1 (en) * | 1978-09-04 | 1980-03-27 | Hamjern As | METHOD FOR OPERATING A FLUID-LAYER COMBUSTION PLANT AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
GB2032598A (en) * | 1978-10-03 | 1980-05-08 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corp | Cooling material discharged from fluidized beds |
DE2856870A1 (en) * | 1978-12-30 | 1980-07-10 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Fluidized bed firing for central heating boilers |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0251247A1 (en) * | 1986-07-03 | 1988-01-07 | ASEA STAL Aktiebolag | Power plant with combustion of a fuel in a fluidized bed |
US4805405A (en) * | 1986-07-03 | 1989-02-21 | Asea Stal Ab | Power plant with combustion of a fuel in a fluidized bed |
US4852345A (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1989-08-01 | Abb Stal Ab | Method of cooling bed material from a fluidized bed and a power plant with cooling means for bed material |
US4909163A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1990-03-20 | Abb Stal Ab | Method and a device for cooling ashes in a PFBC power plant |
US4944148A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1990-07-31 | Abb Stal Ab | Method and a device for cooling of a PFBC power plant after a gas turbine trip |
WO2010057714A2 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-05-27 | Biomass Heating Solutions Limited | A Fluidised Bed Unit |
WO2010057714A3 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-07-22 | Biomass Heating Solutions Limited | A Fluidised Bed Unit |
US8819987B2 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2014-09-02 | Biomass Heating Solutions Limited | Mushroom production process |
US8919289B2 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2014-12-30 | Biomass Heating Solutions Limited | Poultry rearing process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3166348D1 (en) | 1984-10-31 |
EP0063173B1 (en) | 1984-09-26 |
DE3115236A1 (en) | 1982-11-04 |
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