EP0062573A1 - Heater for combustible solids - Google Patents
Heater for combustible solids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0062573A1 EP0062573A1 EP82400563A EP82400563A EP0062573A1 EP 0062573 A1 EP0062573 A1 EP 0062573A1 EP 82400563 A EP82400563 A EP 82400563A EP 82400563 A EP82400563 A EP 82400563A EP 0062573 A1 EP0062573 A1 EP 0062573A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- boiler according
- tubes
- composite wall
- sheets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/44—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups F24H1/24 - F24H1/40 , e.g. boilers having a combination of features covered by F24H1/24 - F24H1/40
Definitions
- the invention relates to a solid fuel boiler, in particular for wood, charcoal or charcoal, the design of which enables a sufficiently high operating temperature to be achieved so that the combustion of this type of fuel is as complete as possible. to avoid tarring or bistrage of boiler elements and chimney flues.
- the object of the invention is to resolve all these drawbacks, mainly by proposing a boiler structure making it possible to increase the temperature of the hearth appreciably, this in order to reduce the formation of tar or fatty soot and to eliminate condensation.
- the invention mainly relates to a solid fuel boiler, in particular for wood, charcoal and / or coal, of the type comprising a combustion chamber, a smoke evacuation nozzle and a heat exchanger in thermal contact. with said combustion chamber and in which a heat transfer fluid such as water is capable of circulating in order to be heated, characterized in that said combustion chamber is essentially delimited by a composite wall comprising a quilting of refractory bricks simply stacked one on top of the other the others and consolidated by a support system comprising in particular a metallic external envelope, preferably removable.
- the heat exchanger comprises water circulation tubes, inserted in said composite wall, between the bricks, and welded to internal sheets of said holding system. This facilitates the exchange of heat between the hearth and this part of the exchanger, while avoiding the deformation of the internal sheets of the holding system, since these are permanently cooled by the flow of the coolant.
- the boiler essentially consists of a combustion chamber II provided, at the rear, with a smoke evacuation nozzle 12 and, at the front, with an upper door 13, for loading the fuel, as well than a lower door 14, for cleaning.
- These two doors each consist of two parallel sheet metal plates, assembled at their periphery, between which a thickness of glass wool is inserted.
- the lower door 14 further comprises a movable flap 15 regulating the flow of combustion air.
- a heat exchanger 16 is arranged all around the combustion chamber to present optimal thermal contact with the hearth. This exchanger has a nozzle 17 for the departure of hot water, at its upper part, and a nozzle 18 for the return of water, at its lower part.
- the combustion chamber 11 is essentially delimited by a composite wall 19 comprising a quilting of refractory bricks 20, which bricks are stacked one on the other, mainly on the two lateral faces of the combustion chamber. combustion and over part of the height of the rear face.
- this quilting is consolidated by a holding system 21. comprising in particular an outer casing 21a, made of sheets, which can be dismantled.
- This holding system also includes internal sheets 21b, arranged vertically step by step between parts of the brick quilting. The sheets 21b are each welded to water circulation tubes 25 of the exchanger 16. Thus, the function of these internal sheets is twofold.
- the outer envelope 21a is itself surrounded by an insulation barrier 26 comprising a certain thickness of glass wool or the like.
- an insulation barrier 26 comprising a certain thickness of glass wool or the like.
- the interstitial spaces 27 between the bricks and the tubes 25 inserted in the composite wall are filled with sand.
- This exchanger is in the form of a cage and comprises, in particular, a lower horizontal part forming a grid 28 for supporting the fuel.
- This grid is composed of a tubular frame 28a, rectangular, composed of relatively large section tubes and a plurality of parallel tubes 28b, of smaller section, connected to the frame 28a.
- the tubes 25 inserted in the composite wall 19 are arranged vertically and connected between the frame 28a and a horizontal tank 29, upper, surmounting the combustion chamber II.
- a rear laminar passage 30 extends along substantially the entire rear face of the combustion chamber II. It establishes a connection between the frame 28a and the horizontal tank 29. This rear passage is protected up to a certain height by a part of the brick quilting.
- a means for drying the fumes is disposed in the combustion chamber, in the vicinity of the exhaust nozzle 12. It is a system of baffles 34 made of sheet metal, projecting inside the combustion chamber and extending in the extension of the internal orifice 12a of the exhaust nozzle 12.
- the baffle system consists of a stack of flat, parallel sheets, extending over the entire width of the combustion chamber 11, in front of the internal orifice 12a. In this way, the fumes are forced to circulate in this system of overheated baffles, before being evacuated from the combustion chamber.
- an anti-boiling safety system mainly comprising a cold water circulation coil 36, immersed in the upper tank 29.
- a temperature probe (not shown) in thermal contact with the exchanger ordered the circulation of cold water in the coil when the water from the heat exchanger threatens to boil.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne une chaudière à combustible solide, notamment pour le bois, le charbon de bois ou le charbon, dont la conception permet d'atteindre une température de fonctionnement suffisamment élevée pour que la combustion de ce genre de combustible soit aussi complète que possible pour éviter le goudronnage ou le bistrage des éléments de la chaudière et des conduits de cheminée.The invention relates to a solid fuel boiler, in particular for wood, charcoal or charcoal, the design of which enables a sufficiently high operating temperature to be achieved so that the combustion of this type of fuel is as complete as possible. to avoid tarring or bistrage of boiler elements and chimney flues.
Le prix des produits pétroliers ne cessant d'augmenter, on assiste à un regain d'intérêt, notamment en milieu rural, pour des combustibles de chauffage délaissés pendant de nombreuses années, à savoir les combustibles solides mentionnés plus haut. Cependant, les notions de confort ont sensiblement évolué depuis l'époque où ces combustibles étaient utilisés couramment, de sorte qu'on se trouve amené à mettre au point des chaudières, notamment pour le chauffage central, de puissance relativement élevée, propres à assurer le chauffage de locaux parfois importants. Il faut donc prévoir un foyer relativement vaste pouvant recevoir une quantité importante de.combustible, pour garantir une autonomie suffisante et un échangeur de chaleur efficace, propre à garantir un rendement calorifique convenable de l'ensemble de l'installation. Des essais récents ont révélé le problème des quantités relativement importantes de goudrons dégagés par de tels combustibles. Les conséquences de cette formation de goudrons sur le bon fonctionnement de la chaudière sont : l'encrassement et l'obturation rapide des conduits, la pollution et la corrosion des tuyaux d'évacuation des fumées.As the price of petroleum products continues to increase, there is a renewed interest, particularly in rural areas, for heating fuels which have been neglected for many years, namely the solid fuels mentioned above. However, the concepts of comfort have evolved significantly since the time when these fuels were commonly used, so that we are led to develop boilers, especially for central heating, of relatively high power, capable of ensuring the sometimes important premises heating. It is therefore necessary to provide a relatively large hearth which can receive a large quantity of fuel, to guarantee sufficient autonomy and an efficient heat exchanger, capable of guaranteeing a suitable calorific efficiency of the entire installation. Recent tests have revealed the problem of the relatively large quantities of tar released by such fuels. The consequences of this tar formation on the proper functioning of the boiler are: fouling and rapid sealing of the pipes, pollution and corrosion of the smoke evacuation pipes.
L'invention a pour but de résoudre tous ces inconvénients, principalement en proposant une structure de chaudière permettant d'augmenter sensiblement la température du foyer, ceci pour réduire la formation des goudrons ou des suies grasses et pour éliminer la condensation.The object of the invention is to resolve all these drawbacks, mainly by proposing a boiler structure making it possible to increase the temperature of the hearth appreciably, this in order to reduce the formation of tar or fatty soot and to eliminate condensation.
Dans cet esprit, l'invention concerne principalement une chaudière à combustible solide, notamment pour bois, charbon de bois et/ou charbon, du type comportant une chambre de combustion, une buse d'évacuation des fumées et un échangeur de chaleur en contact thermique avec ladite chambre de combustion et dans lequel un fluide caloporteur tel que l'eau est susceptible de circuler pour être réchauffé, caractérisée en ce que ladite chambre de combustion est délimitée essentiellement par une paroi composite comportant un matelassage de briques réfractaires simplement empilées les unes sur les autres et consolidé par un système de maintien comportant notamment une enveloppe externe métallique, de préférence démontable.In this spirit, the invention mainly relates to a solid fuel boiler, in particular for wood, charcoal and / or coal, of the type comprising a combustion chamber, a smoke evacuation nozzle and a heat exchanger in thermal contact. with said combustion chamber and in which a heat transfer fluid such as water is capable of circulating in order to be heated, characterized in that said combustion chamber is essentially delimited by a composite wall comprising a quilting of refractory bricks simply stacked one on top of the other the others and consolidated by a support system comprising in particular a metallic external envelope, preferably removable.
Selon une autre caractéristique importante de l'invention, l'échangeur de chaleur comporte des tubes de circulation d'eau, insérés dans ladite paroi composite,entre les briques,et soudés à des tôles internes dudit système de maintien. Ceci facilite l'échange de chaleur entre le foyer et cette partie de l'échangeur, tout en évitant la déformation des tôles internes du système de maintien, puisque celles-ci sont refroidies en permanence par l'écoulement du fluide caloporteur.According to another important characteristic of the invention, the heat exchanger comprises water circulation tubes, inserted in said composite wall, between the bricks, and welded to internal sheets of said holding system. This facilitates the exchange of heat between the hearth and this part of the exchanger, while avoiding the deformation of the internal sheets of the holding system, since these are permanently cooled by the flow of the coolant.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront mieux à la lumière de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation actuellement préféré d'une chaudière conforme au principe de l'invention, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins non limitatifs annexés, dans lesquels :
- - la figure 1 est une élévation en coupe partielle de la chaudière; et
- - la figure 2 est une vue de dessus en coupe partielle de cette même chaudière.
- - Figure 1 is an elevation in partial section of the boiler; and
- - Figure 2 is a top view in partial section of the same boiler.
La chaudière se compose essentiellement d'une chambre de combustion Il munie, à l'arrière, d'une buse d'évacuation des fumées 12 et, à l'avant, d'une porte supérieure 13, pour le chargement du combustible, ainsi que d'une porte inférieure 14, pour le nettoyage. Ces deux portes sont constituées, chacune, de deux plaques de tôle parallèles, assemblées à leur périphérie, entre lesquelles est insérée une épaisseur de laine de verre. La porte inférieure 14 comporte en outre un volet mobile 15 réglant le débit d'air comburant. Un échangeur de chaleur 16 est agencé tout autour de la chambre de combustion pour présenter un contact thermique optimal avec le foyer. Cet échangeur comporte un embout 17 pour le départ de l'eau chaude, à sa partie supérieure, et un embout 18 pour le retour de l'eau, à sa partie inférieure. Selon une caractéristique propre à l'invention, la chambre de combustion 11 est essentiellement délimitée par une paroi composite 19 comportant un matelassage de briques réfractaires 20, lesquelles briques sont empilées les unes sur les autres, principalement sur les deux faces latérales de la chambre de combustion et sur une partie de la hauteur de la face arrière. En outre, ce matelassage est consolidé par un système de maintien 21. comportant notamment une enveloppe externe 21a, en tôles, démontable. Ce système de maintien comporte aussi des tôles internes 21b, disposées verticalement de proche en proche entre des parties du matelassage de briques. Les tôles 21b sont soudées, chacune, à des tubes 25 de circulation d'eau de l'échangeur 16. Ainsi, la fonction de ces tôles internes est double. Elles participent au maintien du matelassage de briques, et elles favorisent l'échange de chaleur avec les tubes 25 de l'échangeur. En outre, leur refroidissement est assuré par l'eau circulant dans ces tubes, ce qui évite leur déformation, même lorsque la température du foyer est de l'ordre de 500°, ce qui est le but visé par l'invention.The boiler essentially consists of a combustion chamber II provided, at the rear, with a
L'enveloppe externe 21a est elle-même entourée d'une barrière d'isolation 26 comportant une certaine épaisseur de laine de verre ou analogue. D'autre part, les espaces interstitiels 27 entre les briques et les tubes 25 insérés dans la paroi composite sont comblés par du sable.The
On va maintenant décrire plus en détail la structure particulière de l'échangeur de chaleur 16. Cet échangeur est en forme de cage et comporte, en particulier, une partie horizontale inférieure formant grille 28 support de combustible. Cette grille est composée d'un cadre tubulaire 28a, rectangulaire, composé de tubes à section relativement forte et d'une pluralité de tubes parallèles 28b, de section plus faible, reliés au cadre 28a. Les tubes 25 insérés dans la paroi composite 19 sont agencés verticalement et connectés entre le cadre 28a et un réservoir horizontal 29, supérieur, surmontant la chambre de combustion II. En outre, un passage laminaire arrière 30 s'étend le long de sensiblement toute la face arrière de la chambre de combustion II. Il établit une connection entre le cadre 28a et le réservoir horizontal 29. Ce passage arrière est protégé jusqu'à une certaine hauteur par une partie du matelassage de briques.We will now describe in more detail the particular structure of the
En outre, un moyen d'assèchement des fumées est disposé dans la chambre de combustion, au voisinage de la buse d'évacuation 12. Il s'agit d'un système de chicanes 34 en tôles, faisant saillie à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion et s'étendant dans le prolongement de l'orifice interne 12a de la buse d'évacuation 12. Dans l'exemple représenté, le système de chicanes est constitué d'un empilement de tôles planes, parallèles, s'étendant sur toute la largeur de la chambre de combustion 11, en avant de l'orifice interne 12a. De cette façon, les fumées sont obligées de circuler dans ce système de chicanes surchauffé, avant d'être évacuées de la chambre de combustion.In addition, a means for drying the fumes is disposed in the combustion chamber, in the vicinity of the
Enfin, on notera la présence d'un système de sécurité anti-ébullition, comportant principalement un serpentin de circulation d'eau froide 36, immergé dans le réservoir supérieur 29. Une sonde de température (non représentée) en contact thermique avec l'échangeur commande la circulation de l'eau froide dans le serpentin lorsque l'eau de l'échangeur de température menace d'entrer en ébullition.Finally, note the presence of an anti-boiling safety system, mainly comprising a cold
Les avantages mentionnés plus haut de la chaudière qui vient d'être décrite résultent avec évidence de sa structure. Le matelassage de briques réfractaires permet d'atteindre une température de fonctionnement très supérieure à celles qui sont habituelles dans les chaudières utilisées jusqu'à présent. La combustion est donc presque complète, ce qui évite la formation des goudrons. En outre, le dessèchement des fumées avant leur évacuation au-delà de la buse 12 évite l'encrassement et la corrosion des tuyaux.The advantages mentioned above of the boiler which has just been described are evident from its structure. The quilting of refractory bricks makes it possible to reach an operating temperature much higher than those usual in boilers used until now. The combustion is therefore almost complete, which avoids the formation of tar. In addition, the drying of the fumes before their evacuation beyond the
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit, mais elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens mis en jeu si ceux-ci le sont dans le cadre des revendications qui suivent.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described, but it includes all the technical equivalents of the means involved if these are in the context of the claims which follow.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8106970A FR2503331B1 (en) | 1981-04-07 | 1981-04-07 | SOLID FUEL BOILER |
FR8106970 | 1981-04-07 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0062573A1 true EP0062573A1 (en) | 1982-10-13 |
EP0062573B1 EP0062573B1 (en) | 1985-06-05 |
Family
ID=9257116
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19820400563 Expired EP0062573B1 (en) | 1981-04-07 | 1982-03-29 | Heater for combustible solids |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0062573B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3264010D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2503331B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2583858A1 (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1986-12-26 | Peyrot Pierre | High-efficiency solid fuel boiler |
ITCZ20090027A1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-02-24 | Ungaro Srl | PELLET STOVE |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105114930A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2015-12-02 | 哈尔滨市金京锅炉有限公司 | Efficient combustion boiler |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1224951A (en) * | 1959-02-09 | 1960-06-28 | Vertical grid central heating boiler for all fuels | |
GB888711A (en) * | 1959-12-02 | 1962-02-07 | Josef Fendel | Improvements in or relating to boilers |
CH419520A (en) * | 1964-04-13 | 1966-08-31 | Widmer Walter | Boiler |
FR2348448A2 (en) * | 1976-04-13 | 1977-11-10 | Landreau Andre | Dual fuel central heating boiler - has rectangular nest of water tubes buried in refractory combustion chamber walls |
US4154210A (en) * | 1977-08-24 | 1979-05-15 | Jaymes John B | Wood fired furnace |
GB2049125A (en) * | 1980-02-22 | 1980-12-17 | Mid Ulster Eng Ltd | Double-shelled oil-fired boilers |
-
1981
- 1981-04-07 FR FR8106970A patent/FR2503331B1/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-03-29 EP EP19820400563 patent/EP0062573B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-29 DE DE8282400563T patent/DE3264010D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1224951A (en) * | 1959-02-09 | 1960-06-28 | Vertical grid central heating boiler for all fuels | |
GB888711A (en) * | 1959-12-02 | 1962-02-07 | Josef Fendel | Improvements in or relating to boilers |
CH419520A (en) * | 1964-04-13 | 1966-08-31 | Widmer Walter | Boiler |
FR2348448A2 (en) * | 1976-04-13 | 1977-11-10 | Landreau Andre | Dual fuel central heating boiler - has rectangular nest of water tubes buried in refractory combustion chamber walls |
US4154210A (en) * | 1977-08-24 | 1979-05-15 | Jaymes John B | Wood fired furnace |
GB2049125A (en) * | 1980-02-22 | 1980-12-17 | Mid Ulster Eng Ltd | Double-shelled oil-fired boilers |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2583858A1 (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1986-12-26 | Peyrot Pierre | High-efficiency solid fuel boiler |
ITCZ20090027A1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-02-24 | Ungaro Srl | PELLET STOVE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3264010D1 (en) | 1985-07-11 |
FR2503331A1 (en) | 1982-10-08 |
EP0062573B1 (en) | 1985-06-05 |
FR2503331B1 (en) | 1986-01-24 |
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