EP0061981B1 - Carbon foundation for metallurgical furnaces, and method for its manufacture - Google Patents

Carbon foundation for metallurgical furnaces, and method for its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0061981B1
EP0061981B1 EP19820420041 EP82420041A EP0061981B1 EP 0061981 B1 EP0061981 B1 EP 0061981B1 EP 19820420041 EP19820420041 EP 19820420041 EP 82420041 A EP82420041 A EP 82420041A EP 0061981 B1 EP0061981 B1 EP 0061981B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bars
reference plane
pisé
furnace
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820420041
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0061981A1 (en
Inventor
Serge Lacroix
Daniel Dumas
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Societe des Electrodes et Refractaires Savoie SA
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Societe des Electrodes et Refractaires Savoie SA
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Publication of EP0061981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0061981A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F21/20—Implements for finishing work on buildings for laying flooring
    • E04F21/22—Implements for finishing work on buildings for laying flooring of single elements, e.g. flooring cramps ; flexible webs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
    • C21B7/106—Cooling of the furnace bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B3/14—Arrangements of linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1626—Making linings by compacting a refractory mass in the space defined by a backing mould or pattern and the furnace wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/12—Shells or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B1/14—Arrangements of linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0018—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes

Definitions

  • the new base which is the subject of the invention, relates to ovens used in metallurgy and, more particularly, those which include a crucible in which a metal or liquid alloy brought together at high temperature is collected.
  • blast furnaces and electrometallurgy ovens relate more particularly to blast furnaces and electrometallurgy ovens and, especially, those which have below the lining of the crucible, a cooled bottom, the temperature level of which is controlled by circulation of a fluid such as water, oil or any other fluid.
  • metallurgical furnaces which include a crucible, the refractory lining of which is made, at least in part, of graphite and / or carbon blocks assembled with a sharp joint.
  • a method of construction makes it possible to obtain a very long service life of the crucibles, provided that the assembling of the planking blocks is carried out. with great precision and remains perfectly stable over time.
  • the base on which the refractory lining of the crucible will be mounted has good flatness and good mechanical strength over time. This is all the more necessary since we now know how to machine the flat faces of carbonaceous blocks with an accuracy of ⁇ 0.2 mm.
  • This cooling is particularly important in the areas adjacent to the axis of the furnace.
  • the base must therefore allow good flow of the heat flow, between the graphite and / or carbon blocks constituting the lining, and the cooling means.
  • the first type is a refractory concrete constituted by aggregates based on oxides, such as, for example, silicoaluminous refractories bound by a cement.
  • Such concretes are relatively easy to set up and harden by hydraulic setting.
  • the thermal conductivity of such a base is low, of the order of 1 W - m -1 ⁇ K - 1 ; it is possible to double it using a corundum-based aggregate, but such a solution is very expensive and, moreover, the grinding operation is made even more difficult because of the curity of this material.
  • a second type of base is constituted by a paving of refractory tiles of a few centimeters of thickness posed, for example, on a bed of cement.
  • Patent FR 2104389 describes a method for precisely adjusting such tiles so that their upper surface is in the same plane.
  • reference tiles are placed at well-defined intervals on a bed of cement or mortar which has previously been laid on the bottom sheet.
  • the level of these tiles is adjusted by driving them more or less into the mortar so that their surface merges with a reference plane which is controlled by optical means well known to those skilled in the art. From these reference points, the adjustment of the intermediate tiles can be carried out simply by checking, by means of a flat ruler, that their upper face is in the reference plane.
  • Such a method makes it possible to produce a base having a reference plane which can be of great precision if the surface quality of the tiles is satisfactory and if the laying has been carried out with sufficient care.
  • the paving can be carried out by means of tiles of carbonaceous material and, in particular, of graphite.
  • the base which is the subject of the invention consists of a layer of rammed earth in direct contact with the cooled bottom, containing at least 80% by weight of graphite and a binder based on synthetic resin, and a thin layer of a leveling grout which covers the rammed earth and contains at least 40% by weight of graphite fines and a binder based on synthetic resin.
  • the invention also relates to the method of setting up this base.
  • the adobe based on graphite contains either natural graphite such as Ceylon or Madagascar graphite, or artificial graphite, or a mixture of these two qualities of graphite.
  • a resin such as, for example, a thermosetting resin with a content of about 8 to 15% by weight is used as binder.
  • a catalyst is added which allows the adobe to set at room temperature.
  • the layer of rammed earth which is deposited in the bottom of the blast furnace must have a sufficient thickness to constitute, after hardening, a non-deformable base. This thickness depends to some extent on the diameter of the blast furnace and the arrangement of the cooling means.
  • the thickness of the rammed earth layer after compaction will be of the order of 5 to 20 cm depending on the case. It will be necessary to make the upper surface relatively flat and horizontal in order to limit to a minimum the thickness of the layer of leveling grout which will be deposited on this adobe.
  • Different methods can be used to obtain good compaction of the rammed earth, making it possible to make excellent contact with the bottom sheet as well as possibly with the cooling pipes, and also to obtain an upper surface as close as possible to the plane of reference and having a minimum of flatness defects.
  • a base having an upper surface constituting an almost perfect horizontal plane by covering the adobe layer with a thin leveling layer with a fluid grout.
  • a fluid grout is very easily distributed by filling in small unevennesses and areas in depression and makes it possible to obtain a perfectly horizontal reference plane.
  • the thickness of this grout is limited to the minimum necessary. The average value of this thickness is generally between 1 and 5 mm.
  • This grout contains about 40 to 70% by weight of natural or artificial graphite powder, in the form of fines with a grain size of less than 0.3 mm.
  • thermosetting resin generally added with a solvent to increase its fluidity.
  • a suitable catalyst is incorporated into the grout, allowing setting at room temperature.
  • the process for installing the base which has been developed according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a base, the upper surface of which, after the grout has hardened, consists of a horizontal plane which has deviations from a point at all points. ideal medium plane generally less than a millimeter. This process will be described later.
  • the thermal conductivity of this base depends, to some extent, on the relative thickness of the adobe layer and the grout layer.
  • the thermal conductivity of the grout being lower than that of the rammed earth, it is very important to minimize the thickness of this grout and one of the essential advantages of the process of setting up the base, which is also the subject of l invention, is the possibility of reducing the average thickness of this grout to only a few millimeters.
  • the thermal conductivity of the base is then generally between 10 and 20 W - m- 1.
  • K- 1 depending on the nature of the graphite used, the composition of the rammed earth in% by weight and the degree of compaction.
  • This process consists in depositing above the bottom, at an average distance equal to the thickness of the rammed earth that it is proposed to make, horizontal rectilinear adjustment bars at a suitable distance from each other, so as to divide the surface to be coated in sectors.
  • the bars may be arranged in substantially equidistant parallel lines, or in a square network or in another suitable manner.
  • the height adjustment of these bars is carried out by making removable adjustable links between them and the bottom which will allow the vertical distances which separate them from this bottom to be adjusted, so that the upper surface of the assembly of these bars are in the same horizontal plane.
  • a simple method will consist in providing the bottom with fixing means well known to those skilled in the art, such as nuts with a vertical axis, welded to a bottom plate at determined locations, with which will be secured the ends of connecting means such as vertical threaded rods.
  • the upper ends of these connecting means will be connected to the horizontal bars so that they are adjustable in height.
  • the upper ends of the latter can be engaged in holes provided at the ends of the horizontal bars, the height of the latter being adjusted for example by means of nuts. well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the adobe layer is adjusted so as to reach the level of the adjustment bars at all points.
  • a new adjustment of the horizontal bars is carried out so as to bring them to the level of a second reference plane, offset upwards relative to the first, which will correspond to the final upper level of the base.
  • the distance between this second plane and the first will therefore correspond on average to the thickness of the leveling grout which will be deposited on the adobe.
  • the bars will be adjusted by adjusting their position along the adjustable connecting means. When these are threaded rods, this adjustment will be made by acting on the nuts which secure the bars to these rods.
  • relatively inexpensive medium precision bars will be used for the production of the first reference plane and, instead of using the same bars to produce the second reference plane, they are used. will replace with a second set of precision bars which will be adjusted with great care.
  • Such an adjustment can be made by means well known to those skilled in the art, such as water levels and / or optical leveling devices.
  • We then put in place the thin layer of leveling grout which, given its great fluidity, will be very easily leveled, so as to be flush with all the upper surface of the adjustment bars.
  • the adjustment bars and the connecting means will generally be dismantled and the voids thus created will be filled with small amounts of rammed earth and / or grout.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a part of a bottom plate of a blast furnace (1) on which are arranged steel cooling tubes such as (2) fixed from distance to distance to the sheet by collars such as (3 ), nuts (4) welded to the sheet serve as a fixing point for threaded rods (5).
  • Adjustment bars such as (6), pierced with holes, are crossed by the upper end of the rods (5) and the adjustment of these bars, according to the reference plane, is carried out by means of nuts such as (7 ) and (8) which enclose the bars. It is understood that by screwing more or less the nuts on the threaded rods, it is possible to adjust the level of the upper face (9) of the bars so as to make them coincide with the first horizontal reference plane which is at a mean distance about 12 cm from the bottom sheet. This adjustment is controlled by means of levels and by optical sighting in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. An adobe consisting of 87% by weight of artificial graphite and 10% by weight of phenol resin is then put in place.
  • This rammed earth is compacted in successive layers by means of a pneumatic jack with a flat sole of approximately 20 x 20 cm. This compaction is carried out so as to reach a density of approximately 1.7.
  • the thickness of the rammed earth is adjusted as described above so that its surface coincides as well as possible with the first reference plane defined by the upper surface of the adjustment bars.
  • the bars used for the definition of this first reference plane are dismantled and replaced by a second set of bars of the same dimensions, but more precise, their deflection not exceeding 0.1 mm / m. These bars are adjusted in height after insertion of their ends into the threaded rods so that their upper face coincides with a second horizontal reference plane located at an average distance of approximately 3 mm above the first. The same adjustment means are used for the second busbar as for the first.
  • a leveling grout is then poured onto the surface of the adobe.
  • This consists of 60% by weight of artificial graphite fines with a grain size less than 0.3 mm, 30% of a phenol-formaldehyde resin and 10% of a setting catalyst.
  • the grout is distributed in the spaces between the bars so that its level is flush with the upper edge of the bars. Then let this grout harden.
  • the adjustment bars and threaded rods are then removed, then the housing of these bars is filled with small amounts of grout so as to obtain a perfectly smooth surface. Any roughness is ground.
  • a base such as that shown in Figure 3, which includes a rammed earth (10) covered with a layer of grout (11) whose upper surface (12) is perfectly horizontal.
  • the mounting of the crucible bottom can be carried out with very high precision.
  • the quality of this surface allows, in particular, the installation of graphite or semi-graphite blocks, or carbon blocks machined with great precision and assembled with live joints without any binder so as to guarantee a very long service life. without significant deformation.
  • Such an assembly allows an excellent transmission of the heat flux in the axial zone of the blast furnace, in the direction of the bottom sheet, thanks to the good thermal contact existing between, on the one hand, this base and the bottom sheet and, on the other hand, this base and the blocks of graphite or other carbonaceous materials.
  • Thermal conductivity measurements carried out on samples of the base thus produced, gave an average conductivity of 18 W. m- ! ⁇ K-- 1 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
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Description

Le nouveau soubassement, qui fait l'objet de l'invention, concerne les fours utilisés en métallurgie et, plus particulièrement, ceux qui comportent un creuset dans lequel se rassemble un métal ou alliage liquide porté à température élevée.The new base, which is the subject of the invention, relates to ovens used in metallurgy and, more particularly, those which include a crucible in which a metal or liquid alloy brought together at high temperature is collected.

Il concerne plus particulièrement les hauts fourneaux et les fours d'électrométallurgie et, tout spécialement, ceux qui comportent au-dessous du garnissage du creuset, un fond refroidi dont le niveau de température est contrôlé par circulation d'un fluide tel que de l'eau, de l'huile ou tout autre fluide. Il concerne enfin les fours de métallurgie qui comportent un creuset dont le garnissage réfractaire est constitué, au moins en partie, de blocs de graphite et/ou de carbone assemblés à joint vif. L'expérience a montré, en particulier dans le cas des hauts fourneaux, qu'un te) mode de construction permet d'obtenir une très longue durée de vie des creusets, à condition que l'assemblage des blocs de ganirs- sage soit réalisé avec une très grande précision et demeure parfaitement stable dans le temps.It relates more particularly to blast furnaces and electrometallurgy ovens and, especially, those which have below the lining of the crucible, a cooled bottom, the temperature level of which is controlled by circulation of a fluid such as water, oil or any other fluid. Finally, it relates to metallurgical furnaces which include a crucible, the refractory lining of which is made, at least in part, of graphite and / or carbon blocks assembled with a sharp joint. Experience has shown, in particular in the case of blast furnaces, that a method of construction makes it possible to obtain a very long service life of the crucibles, provided that the assembling of the planking blocks is carried out. with great precision and remains perfectly stable over time.

Pour cela, il est important que le soubassement sur lequel sera monté le garnissage réfractaire du creuset présente une bonne planéité et une bonne tenue mécanique dans le temps. Ceci est d'autant plus nécessaire qu'on sait aujourd'hui usiner les faces planes des blocs carbonés avec une précision de ±0,2 mm.For this, it is important that the base on which the refractory lining of the crucible will be mounted has good flatness and good mechanical strength over time. This is all the more necessary since we now know how to machine the flat faces of carbonaceous blocks with an accuracy of ± 0.2 mm.

Par ailleurs, on a constaté qu'il était nécessaire de favoriser un certain refroidissement du garnissage du creuset de façon à empêcher les infiltrations de métal liquide qui attaquent à la longue le garnissage et, éventuellement, provoquent un percement de celui-ci et un écoulement de métal liquide vers l'extérieur du four.Furthermore, it has been found that it is necessary to promote a certain cooling of the lining of the crucible so as to prevent the infiltration of liquid metal which attacks the lining in the long run and, possibly, causes it to pierce and flow. liquid metal to the outside of the oven.

Ce refroidissement est particulièrement important dans les zones voisines de l'axe du four. Le soubassement doit donc permettre un bon écoulement du flux thermique, entre les blocs de graphite et/ou de carbone constituant le garnissage, et les moyens de refroidissement.This cooling is particularly important in the areas adjacent to the axis of the furnace. The base must therefore allow good flow of the heat flow, between the graphite and / or carbon blocks constituting the lining, and the cooling means.

Plusieurs méthodes ont été proposées pour réaliser des soubassements susceptibles de convenir pour le montage de garnissages réfractaires de ce type, en particulier dans le cas des garnissages des creusets des hauts fourneaux.Several methods have been proposed for producing bases which may be suitable for mounting refractory linings of this type, in particular in the case of linings for crucibles of blast furnaces.

Deux types principaux de soubassement sont particulièrement connus.Two main types of base are particularly known.

Le premier type est un béton réfractaire constitué par des granulats à base d'oxydes, tels que, par exemple, les réfractaires silicoalumi- neux liés par un ciment. De tels bétons sont relativement faciles à mettre en place et durcissent par prise hydraulique.The first type is a refractory concrete constituted by aggregates based on oxides, such as, for example, silicoaluminous refractories bound by a cement. Such concretes are relatively easy to set up and harden by hydraulic setting.

Même si des soins particuliers sont pris pour égaliser la surface de la couche de béton, après coulée de celle-ci, de façon qu'elle soit sensiblement plane et horizontale, l'expérience a montré que des dénivellations de plusieurs millimètres sont quasi inévitables d'un point à l'autre. Si, donc, on désire pouvoir monter avec précision un garnissage constitué de blocs usinés, sur un tel soubassement, il est nécessaire de meuler celui-ci pratiquement sur toute sa surface pour éliminer les inégalités, ce qui représente un travail considérable. Il est très difficile d'arriver à une planéité suffisante. Par ailleurs, la conductivité thermique d'un tel soubassement est faible, de l'ordre de 1 W - m-1 · K - 1; il est possible de la doubler en utilisant un granulat à base de corindon, mais une telle solution est très coûteuse et, de plus, l'opération du meulage est rendue encore bien plus difficile à cause de la cureté de ce matériau.Even if special care is taken to level the surface of the concrete layer, after pouring it, so that it is substantially flat and horizontal, experience has shown that unevenness of several millimeters is almost inevitable d 'point to point. If, therefore, it is desired to be able to mount a lining made up of machined blocks with precision, on such a base, it is necessary to grind it practically over its entire surface in order to eliminate the inequalities, which represents considerable work. It is very difficult to achieve sufficient flatness. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of such a base is low, of the order of 1 W - m -1 · K - 1 ; it is possible to double it using a corundum-based aggregate, but such a solution is very expensive and, moreover, the grinding operation is made even more difficult because of the curity of this material.

Un deuxième type de soubassement est constitué par un dallage de carreaux réfrectaires de quelcues centimètres d'épaiseur posés, par exemple, sur un lit de ciment.A second type of base is constituted by a paving of refractory tiles of a few centimeters of thickness posed, for example, on a bed of cement.

Le brevet FR 2104389 décrit une méthode permettant d'ajuster avec précision de tels carreaux de façon que leur surface supérieure se trouve dans un même plan. Pour cela, on met en place, à des intervalles bien déterminés, des carreaux de référence sur un lit de ciment ou de mortier qui a été au préalable étendu sur la tôle de fond. On règle le niveau de ces carreaux en les enfonçant plus ou moins dans le mortier de façon que leur surface se confonde avec un plan de référence qui est contrôlé par des moyens optiques bien connus de l'homme de l'art. A partir de ces points de référence, l'ajustage des carreaux intermédiaires peut être effectué simplement en contrôlant, au moyen d'une règle plate, que leur face supérieure se trouve dans le plan de référence. Une telle méthode permet de réaliser un soubassement présentant un plan de référence qui peut être d'une grande précision si la qualité de surface des carreaux est satisfaisante et si la pose a été exécutée avec un soin suffisant. Afin d'améliorer la conductivité du soubassement, on peut réaliser le dallage au moyen de carreaux en matière carbonée et, en particulier, en graphite.Patent FR 2104389 describes a method for precisely adjusting such tiles so that their upper surface is in the same plane. To do this, reference tiles are placed at well-defined intervals on a bed of cement or mortar which has previously been laid on the bottom sheet. The level of these tiles is adjusted by driving them more or less into the mortar so that their surface merges with a reference plane which is controlled by optical means well known to those skilled in the art. From these reference points, the adjustment of the intermediate tiles can be carried out simply by checking, by means of a flat ruler, that their upper face is in the reference plane. Such a method makes it possible to produce a base having a reference plane which can be of great precision if the surface quality of the tiles is satisfactory and if the laying has been carried out with sufficient care. In order to improve the conductivity of the base, the paving can be carried out by means of tiles of carbonaceous material and, in particular, of graphite.

Une telle solution est cependant coûteuse car les carreaux minces en graphite sont d'un prix de revient élevé et, comme celà a été dit plus haut, la pose doit être effectuée avec beaucoup de soins pour obtenir une surface de référence parfaitement plane permettant la mise en place des blocs constituant le garnissage avec la précision voulue. Il peut être nécessaire, dans bien des cas, d'effectuer une opération supplémentaire de meulage des carreaux qu'il n'a pas été possible d'ajuster au niveau de référence, par exemple, en utilisant une fraise pendulaire qui aura cependant tendance à donner une légère courbure à la surface de référence.Such a solution is however expensive because thin graphite tiles are of a high cost price and, as has been said above, the installation must be carried out with great care to obtain a perfectly flat reference surface allowing the setting in place of the blocks constituting the lining with the desired precision. It may be necessary, in many cases, to perform an additional operation of grinding the tiles which it was not possible to adjust to the reference level, for example, using a pendulum cutter which will however tend to give a slight curvature to the reference surface.

D'une façon générale, les deux types de soubassement qui viennent d'être décrits nécessitent, pour arriver à un résultat satisfaisant, un long travail de mise en place et le résultat obtenu dépend, pour une large part, de l'habileté des exécutants. Par ailleurs, le conductivité thermique de ces soubassements est souvent insuffisante à cause de l'utilisation de mortiers ou de bétons réfractaires de relativement faible conductivité. Le remplacement du mortier ou du béton par un pisé à base de matière carbonée permet d'améliorer la conductivité thermique mais ne résout pas les problèmes de planéité.In general, the two types of base which have just been described require, in order to reach a satisfactory result, a long work of installation and the result obtained depends, to a large extent, on the skill of the performers. . Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of these bases is often insufficient health due to the use of relatively low conductivity mortars or refractory concretes. Replacing mortar or concrete with an adobe based on carbonaceous material improves thermal conductivity but does not solve the problems of flatness.

On a cherché à mettre au point un nuveau type de soubassement pour les fours métallurgiques qui comportent un fond refroidi, la surface supérieure de ce soubassement devant constituer un plan horizontal de référence présentant des écarts par rapport au plan théorique de très faible amplitude, ce soubassement pouvant être réalisé de façon rapide et économique par une méthode simple, facile à mettre en oeuvre et donnant des résultats parfaitement reproductibles.Attempts have been made to develop a new type of base for metallurgical furnaces which have a cooled bottom, the upper surface of this base having to constitute a horizontal reference plane having deviations from the theoretical plane of very small amplitude, this base can be carried out quickly and economically by a simple method, easy to implement and giving perfectly reproducible results.

On a cherché aussi à réaliser un soubassement ayant une conductivité themrique élevée de façon à abaisser la température du garnissage.Attempts have also been made to produce a base having a high thermal conductivity so as to lower the temperature of the lining.

On a cherché, enfin, à réaliser un soubassement permettant d'assurer une excellente liaison thermique avec les moyens de refroidissement du fond du four, par exemple dans le cas d'un refroidissement par circulation d'air au-dessous d'une tôle de fond, ou bien dans celui d'un refroidissement par circulation de liquide dans des canalisations disposées au-dessus d'une tôle de fond.Finally, an attempt has been made to provide a base making it possible to ensure an excellent thermal connection with the means for cooling the bottom of the furnace, for example in the case of cooling by circulation of air below a sheet of bottom, or in that of cooling by circulation of liquid in pipes arranged above a bottom sheet.

Le soubassement qui fait l'objet de l'invention est constitué d'une couche d'un pisé en contact direct avec le fond refroidi, contenant au moins 80% en poids de graphite et un liant à base de résine synthétique, et d'une mince couche d'un coulis de nivellement qui recouvre le pisé et contient au moins 40% en poids de fines de graphite et un liant à base de résine synthétique.The base which is the subject of the invention consists of a layer of rammed earth in direct contact with the cooled bottom, containing at least 80% by weight of graphite and a binder based on synthetic resin, and a thin layer of a leveling grout which covers the rammed earth and contains at least 40% by weight of graphite fines and a binder based on synthetic resin.

Comme on le verra ci-après, l'invention concerne également le procédé de mise en place de ce soubassement.As will be seen below, the invention also relates to the method of setting up this base.

Le pisé à base de graphite contient soit du graphite naturel tel que le graphite de Ceylan ou de Madagascar, soit du graphite artificiel, soit encore un mélange de ces deux qualités de graphite.The adobe based on graphite contains either natural graphite such as Ceylon or Madagascar graphite, or artificial graphite, or a mixture of these two qualities of graphite.

On utilise comme liant une résine telle que, par exemple, une résine thermodurcissable à une teneur d'environ 8 à 15% en poids. On ajoute en général un catalyseur qui permet au pisé de faire prise à température ambiante. La couche de pisé qui est déposée dans le fond du haut fourneau doit présenter une épaisseur suffisante pour constituer, après durcissement, une base indéformable. Cette épaisseur dépend dans une certaine mesure du diamètre du haut fourneau et de la disposition des moyens de refroidissement.A resin such as, for example, a thermosetting resin with a content of about 8 to 15% by weight is used as binder. In general, a catalyst is added which allows the adobe to set at room temperature. The layer of rammed earth which is deposited in the bottom of the blast furnace must have a sufficient thickness to constitute, after hardening, a non-deformable base. This thickness depends to some extent on the diameter of the blast furnace and the arrangement of the cooling means.

Dans le cas fréquent où les canalisations de fluide de refroidissement sont disposées au-dessus d'une tôle de fond, ce pisé doit entourer et recouvrir ces canalisations.In the frequent case where the coolant pipes are arranged above a bottom plate, this rammed earth must surround and cover these pipes.

Dans la pratique, l'épaisseur de la couche de pisé après compactage sera de l'ordre de 5 à 20 cm suivant les cas. Il sera nécessaire de rendre la surface supérieure relativement plane et horizontale afin de limiter au minimum l'épaisseur de la couche de coulis de nivellement qui sera déposée sur ce pisé.In practice, the thickness of the rammed earth layer after compaction will be of the order of 5 to 20 cm depending on the case. It will be necessary to make the upper surface relatively flat and horizontal in order to limit to a minimum the thickness of the layer of leveling grout which will be deposited on this adobe.

Différentes méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour obtenir un bon compactage du pisé, permettant de réaliser un excellent contact avec la tôle de fond ainsi qu'éventuellement, avec les canalisations de refroidissement, et aussi d'obtenir une surface supérieure aussi proche que possible du plan de référence et présentant un minimum de défauts de planéité.Different methods can be used to obtain good compaction of the rammed earth, making it possible to make excellent contact with the bottom sheet as well as possibly with the cooling pipes, and also to obtain an upper surface as close as possible to the plane of reference and having a minimum of flatness defects.

Un procédé de mise en place du soubassement, particulièrement efficace pour arriver à ce résultat, a été développé. Ce procédé fait partie de l'invention et sera décrit plus loin.A process for setting up the base, which is particularly effective in achieving this result, has been developed. This process is part of the invention and will be described later.

On obtient suivant l'invention un soubassement présentant une surface supérieure constituant un plan horizontal presque parfait en recouvrant la couche de pisé d'une mince couche de nivellement d'une coulis fluide. Un tel coulis se répartit très facilement en comblant les petites inégalités et les zones en dépression et permet d'obtenir un plan de référence parfaitement horizontal. L'épaisseur de ce coulis est limitée au minimum nécessaire. La valeur moyenne de cette épaisseur est, en général, comprise entre 1 et 5 mm. Ce coulis contient environ 40 à 70% en poids de graphite naturel ou artificiel en poudre, sous forme de fines de grosseur de grains inférieure à 0,3 mm.There is obtained according to the invention a base having an upper surface constituting an almost perfect horizontal plane by covering the adobe layer with a thin leveling layer with a fluid grout. Such a grout is very easily distributed by filling in small unevennesses and areas in depression and makes it possible to obtain a perfectly horizontal reference plane. The thickness of this grout is limited to the minimum necessary. The average value of this thickness is generally between 1 and 5 mm. This grout contains about 40 to 70% by weight of natural or artificial graphite powder, in the form of fines with a grain size of less than 0.3 mm.

Le reste est une résine thermodurcissable additionnée en général d'un solvant pour accroître sa fluidité.The remainder is a thermosetting resin generally added with a solvent to increase its fluidity.

On incorpore le plus souvent au coulis un catalyseur convenable permettant la prise à température ambiante.In most cases, a suitable catalyst is incorporated into the grout, allowing setting at room temperature.

Le procédé de mise en place du soubassement qui a été développé suivant l'invention, permet d'obtenir un soubassement dont la surface supérieure, après durcissement du coulis, est constituée par un plan horizontal qui présente en tous points des écarts par rapport à un plan moyen idéal généralement inférieurs au millimètre. Ce procédé sera décrit plus loin.The process for installing the base which has been developed according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a base, the upper surface of which, after the grout has hardened, consists of a horizontal plane which has deviations from a point at all points. ideal medium plane generally less than a millimeter. This process will be described later.

Les mesures de caractéristiques mécaniques effectuées sur le soubassement suivant l'invention ont montré qu'il présente une résistance minimale à l'écrasement de 8 MPa quand il est à base de graphite naturel, cette valeur minimale atteignant 20 MPa quand il est à base de graphite artificiel.Measurements of mechanical characteristics carried out on the base according to the invention have shown that it has a minimum crush resistance of 8 MPa when it is based on natural graphite, this minimum value reaching 20 MPa when it is based on artificial graphite.

La conductivité thermique de ce soubassement dépend, dans une certaine mesure, de l'épaisseur relative de la couche de pisé et de la couche de coulis.The thermal conductivity of this base depends, to some extent, on the relative thickness of the adobe layer and the grout layer.

La conductivité thermique du coulis étant inférieure à celle du pisé, il est très important de réduire au minimum l'épaisseur de ce coulis et l'un des avantages essentiel du procédé de mise en place du soubassement, qui fait également l'objet de l'invention, est la possibilité de réduire l'épaisseur moyenne de ce coulis à quelques millimètres seulement.The thermal conductivity of the grout being lower than that of the rammed earth, it is very important to minimize the thickness of this grout and one of the essential advantages of the process of setting up the base, which is also the subject of l invention, is the possibility of reducing the average thickness of this grout to only a few millimeters.

La conductivité thermique du soubassement est alors généralement comprise entre 10 et 20 W - m-1 . K-1 suivant la nature du graphite utilisé la composition du pisé en % en poids et le degré de compactage.The thermal conductivity of the base is then generally between 10 and 20 W - m- 1. K- 1 depending on the nature of the graphite used, the composition of the rammed earth in% by weight and the degree of compaction.

Ce procédé consiste à déposer au-dessus du fond, à une distance moyenne égale à l'épaisseur du pisé qu'on se propose de réaliser, des barres de réglage rectilignes horizontales à distance convenable les unes des autres, de façon à diviser la surface à revêtir en secteurs. On pourra, suivant les cas, disposer les barres en lignes parallèles sensiblement équidistantes, ou encore en un réseau carré ou d'une autre façon appropriée. Le réglage en hauteur de ces barres est effectué en réalisant, entre elles et le fond, des liaisons réglables démontables qui perme- tront d'ajuster les distances verticales qui les séparent de ce fond, de façon que la surface supérieure de l'ensemble de ces barres se trouve dans un même plan horizontal. Pour atteindre ce but, une méthode simple consistera à pourvoir le fond de moyens de fixation bien connus de l'homme de l'art, tels que des écrous à axe vertical, soudés à une tôle de fond à des emplacements déterminés, avec lesquels seront solidarisées les extrémités de moyens de liaison tels que des tiges filetées verticales. Les extrémités supérieures de ces moyens de liaison seront raccordées aux barres horizontales de façon que celles-ci soient réglables en hauteur. Dans le cas de l'utilisation de tiges filetées, on pourra engager les extrémités supérieures de celles-di dans des trous prévus aux extrémités des barres horizontales, le réglage de la hauteur de celles-ci étant effectué par exemple au moyen d'écrous de façon bien connue de l'homme de l'art. Une fois les barres horizontales ajustées au niveau d'un premier plan de référence, qui correspondra à la surface supérieure du pisé, celui-ci est mis en place de façon habituelle, par couches successives, en utilisant par exemple des moyens de compactage pneumatique bien connus de l'homme de l'art.This process consists in depositing above the bottom, at an average distance equal to the thickness of the rammed earth that it is proposed to make, horizontal rectilinear adjustment bars at a suitable distance from each other, so as to divide the surface to be coated in sectors. Depending on the case, the bars may be arranged in substantially equidistant parallel lines, or in a square network or in another suitable manner. The height adjustment of these bars is carried out by making removable adjustable links between them and the bottom which will allow the vertical distances which separate them from this bottom to be adjusted, so that the upper surface of the assembly of these bars are in the same horizontal plane. To achieve this goal, a simple method will consist in providing the bottom with fixing means well known to those skilled in the art, such as nuts with a vertical axis, welded to a bottom plate at determined locations, with which will be secured the ends of connecting means such as vertical threaded rods. The upper ends of these connecting means will be connected to the horizontal bars so that they are adjustable in height. In the case of using threaded rods, the upper ends of the latter can be engaged in holes provided at the ends of the horizontal bars, the height of the latter being adjusted for example by means of nuts. well known to those skilled in the art. Once the horizontal bars have been adjusted to the level of a first reference plane, which will correspond to the upper surface of the rammed earth, the latter is placed in the usual way, in successive layers, using for example pneumatic compacting means known to those skilled in the art.

La couche de pisé est ajustée de façon à atteindre en tous points le niveau des barres de réglage. On peut utiliser de façon connue des régies mobiles horizontales, qu'on déplace en faisant glisser leurs extrémités sur les barres de réglage, de façon à ajuster le niveau du pisé entre ces barres.The adobe layer is adjusted so as to reach the level of the adjustment bars at all points. One can use in a known manner horizontal movable boards, which are moved by sliding their ends on the adjustment bars, so as to adjust the level of the rammed earth between these bars.

On réalise un nouveau réglage des barres horizontales de façon à les amener au niveau d'un deuxième plan de référence, décalé vers le haut par rapport au premier, qui correspondra au niveau supérieur définitif du soubassement. La distance entre ce deuxième plan et le premier correspondra donc en moyenne à l'épaisseur du coulis de nivellement qui sera déposé sur le pisé.A new adjustment of the horizontal bars is carried out so as to bring them to the level of a second reference plane, offset upwards relative to the first, which will correspond to the final upper level of the base. The distance between this second plane and the first will therefore correspond on average to the thickness of the leveling grout which will be deposited on the adobe.

Le réglage des barres sera effectué en ajustant leur position le long des moyens de liaison réglables. Lorsque ceux-ci sont des tiges filetées, ce réglage sera effectué en agissant sur les écrous qui solidarisent les barres avec ces tiges.The bars will be adjusted by adjusting their position along the adjustable connecting means. When these are threaded rods, this adjustment will be made by acting on the nuts which secure the bars to these rods.

Dans bien des cas, étant donné la précision recherchée, on utilisera pour la réalisation du premier plan de référence des barres de précision moyenne, relativement peu coûteuses et, au lieu d'utiliser les mêmes barres pour réaliser le deuxième plan de référence, on les remplacera par un deuxième jeu de barres de précision qui seront ajustées avec un très grand soin. Un tel ajustage pourra être fait par des moyens bien connus de l'homme de l'art, tels que niveaux à eau et/ou dispositifs optiques de nivellement. On mettra ensuite en place la mince couche de coulis de nivellement qui, étant donné sa grande fluidité, sera très facilement égalisée, de façon à affleurer en tous points la surface supérieure des barres de réglage. Après la prise du coulis, on démontera en général les barres de réglage et les moyens de liaison et on remplira les vides ainsi créés par de petites quantités de pisé et/ou de coulis.In many cases, given the desired precision, relatively inexpensive medium precision bars will be used for the production of the first reference plane and, instead of using the same bars to produce the second reference plane, they are used. will replace with a second set of precision bars which will be adjusted with great care. Such an adjustment can be made by means well known to those skilled in the art, such as water levels and / or optical leveling devices. We then put in place the thin layer of leveling grout which, given its great fluidity, will be very easily leveled, so as to be flush with all the upper surface of the adjustment bars. After setting the grout, the adjustment bars and the connecting means will generally be dismantled and the voids thus created will be filled with small amounts of rammed earth and / or grout.

De nombreuses modifications peuvent être apportées au procédé qui vient d'être décrit, qui présente l'avantage considérable d'une très grande simplicité de mise en oeuvre, qui garantit à la fois une exécution très précise et très rapide.Many modifications can be made to the process which has just been described, which has the considerable advantage of a very great simplicity of implementation, which guarantees both a very precise and very fast execution.

Il convient de noter, en effet, que, dans la grande majorité des cas, on recherche une grande rapidité d'exécution pour limiter au minimum la durée de réfection des fours de très grande capacité. En effet, dans le cas des hauts fourneaux modernes par exemple, dont effectue la réfection, la période d'interruption de fonctionnement représente une perte de production considérable qu'il est impératif de limiter au strict minimum.It should be noted, in fact, that in the vast majority of cases, great speed of execution is sought in order to limit the duration of repair of very large capacity ovens to a minimum. Indeed, in the case of modern blast furnaces for example, which is being refurbished, the period of interruption of operation represents a considerable loss of production which it is imperative to limit to the strict minimum.

L'exemple ci-après décrit de façon non limitative un soubassement de haut fourneau suivant l'invention qui a été réalisée de façon expérimentale.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en plan du dispositif suivant l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une coupe A-A de la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 est une vue du soubassement suivant l'invention après démontage des barres et des tiges de liaison.
The example below describes, without limitation, a blast furnace base according to the invention which has been carried out experimentally.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of the device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a section AA of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a view of the base according to the invention after dismantling the bars and connecting rods.

Les figures 1 et 2 représentent une partie d'une tôle de fond de haut fourneau (1) sur laquelle sont disposés des tubes de refroidissement en acier tels que (2) fixés de distance en distance à la tôle par des colliers tels que (3), des écrous (4) soudés à la tôle servent de point de fixation à des tiges filetées (5).Figures 1 and 2 show a part of a bottom plate of a blast furnace (1) on which are arranged steel cooling tubes such as (2) fixed from distance to distance to the sheet by collars such as (3 ), nuts (4) welded to the sheet serve as a fixing point for threaded rods (5).

Des barres de réglage telles que (6), percées de trous, sont traversées par l'extrémité supérieure des tiges (5) et le réglage de ces barres, suivant le plan de référence, est effectué au moyen d'écrous tels que (7) et (8) qui enserrent les barres. On comprend qu'en vissant plus ou moins les écrous sur les tiges filetées, on peut ajuster le niveau de la face supérieure (9) des barres de façon à les faire coïncider avec le premier plan de référence horizontal qui se trouve à une distance moyenne d'environ 12 cm de la tôle de fond. Ce réglage est contrôlé au moyen de niveaux et par visée optique de façon bien connue de l'homme de l'art. On met ensuite en place un pisé constitué de 87% en poids de graphite artificle, 10% en poids de résine phénol formol et 3% d'un catalyseur de prise. On compacte ce pisé par couches successives au moyen d'une dame pneumatique comportant une semelle plate d'environ 20 x 20 cm. Ce compactage est effectué de façon à atteindre une densité d'environ 1,7. On ajuste de la façon décrite plus haut l'épaisseur du pisé de façon que sa surface coïncide aussi bien que possible avec le premier plan de référence défini par la surface supérieure des barres de réglage.Adjustment bars such as (6), pierced with holes, are crossed by the upper end of the rods (5) and the adjustment of these bars, according to the reference plane, is carried out by means of nuts such as (7 ) and (8) which enclose the bars. It is understood that by screwing more or less the nuts on the threaded rods, it is possible to adjust the level of the upper face (9) of the bars so as to make them coincide with the first horizontal reference plane which is at a mean distance about 12 cm from the bottom sheet. This adjustment is controlled by means of levels and by optical sighting in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. An adobe consisting of 87% by weight of artificial graphite and 10% by weight of phenol resin is then put in place. formalin and 3% of a setting catalyst. This rammed earth is compacted in successive layers by means of a pneumatic jack with a flat sole of approximately 20 x 20 cm. This compaction is carried out so as to reach a density of approximately 1.7. The thickness of the rammed earth is adjusted as described above so that its surface coincides as well as possible with the first reference plane defined by the upper surface of the adjustment bars.

Après durcissement du pisé, on démonte les barres utilisées pour la définition de ce premier plan de référence et on les remplace par un deuxkème jeu de barres de mêmes dimensions, mais plus précises, leur flèche ne dépassant pas 0,1 mm/m. On règle ces barres en hauteur après introduction de leurs extrémités dans les tiges filetées de façon que leur face supérieure coïncide avec un deuxième plan horizontal de référence situé à une distance moyenne d'environ 3 mm au-dessus du premier. Les mêmes moyens de réglage sont utilisés pour le deuxième jeu de barres que pour le premier.After hardening of the rammed earth, the bars used for the definition of this first reference plane are dismantled and replaced by a second set of bars of the same dimensions, but more precise, their deflection not exceeding 0.1 mm / m. These bars are adjusted in height after insertion of their ends into the threaded rods so that their upper face coincides with a second horizontal reference plane located at an average distance of approximately 3 mm above the first. The same adjustment means are used for the second busbar as for the first.

On coule ensuite à la surface du pisé un coulis de nivellement. Celui-ci est constitué de 60% en poids de fines de graphite artificiel de grosseur de grains inférieure à 0,3 mm, 30% d'une résine phénol-formol et 10% d'un catalyseur de prise. Au moyen d'une règle d'égalisation qu'on fait glisser sur les bords supérieurs des barres, on répartit le coulis dans les espaces compris entre les barres de façon que son niveau affleure le bord supérieur de celles-ci. On laisse ensuite durcir ce coulis. On enlève alors les barres de réglage et les tiges filetées, puis on remplit le logement de ces barres au moyen de petites quantités de coulis de façon à obtenir un plan parfaitement lisse. Les éventuelles aspérités sont meulées. On dispose alors d'un soubassement tel que celui représenté figure 3, qui comporte un pisé (10) recouvert d'une couche de coulis (11) dont la surface supérieure (12) est parfaitement horizontale. Sur cette surface, le montage du fond de creuset peut être exécuté avec une très grande précision. La qualité de cette surface permet, en particulier, la mise en place de blocs de graphite ou semi-graphite, ou encore de blocs carbonés usinés avec une grande précision et assemblés à joints vifs sans aucun liant de façon à garantir une très longue durée d'utilisation sans déformation sensible. Un tel assemblage permet une excellente transmission du flux thermique dans la zone axiale du haut fourneau, en direction de la tôle de fond, grâce au bon contact thermique existant entre, d'une part, ce soubassement et la tôle de fond et, d'autre part, ce soubassement et les blocs de graphite ou autres matières carbonées. Des mesures de conductivité thermique, effectuées sur des échantillons du soubassement ainsi réalisé, ont donné une conductivité moyenne de 18 W . m-! · K--1.A leveling grout is then poured onto the surface of the adobe. This consists of 60% by weight of artificial graphite fines with a grain size less than 0.3 mm, 30% of a phenol-formaldehyde resin and 10% of a setting catalyst. By means of an equalization rule which is slid over the upper edges of the bars, the grout is distributed in the spaces between the bars so that its level is flush with the upper edge of the bars. Then let this grout harden. The adjustment bars and threaded rods are then removed, then the housing of these bars is filled with small amounts of grout so as to obtain a perfectly smooth surface. Any roughness is ground. There is then a base such as that shown in Figure 3, which includes a rammed earth (10) covered with a layer of grout (11) whose upper surface (12) is perfectly horizontal. On this surface, the mounting of the crucible bottom can be carried out with very high precision. The quality of this surface allows, in particular, the installation of graphite or semi-graphite blocks, or carbon blocks machined with great precision and assembled with live joints without any binder so as to guarantee a very long service life. without significant deformation. Such an assembly allows an excellent transmission of the heat flux in the axial zone of the blast furnace, in the direction of the bottom sheet, thanks to the good thermal contact existing between, on the one hand, this base and the bottom sheet and, on the other hand, this base and the blocks of graphite or other carbonaceous materials. Thermal conductivity measurements, carried out on samples of the base thus produced, gave an average conductivity of 18 W. m- ! · K-- 1 .

De nombreux autres modes de réalisation du soubassement qui fait l'objet de l'invention peuvent être envisagés, qui ne sortent pas pour autant du domaine de l'invention.Many other embodiments of the base which is the subject of the invention can be envisaged, which do not depart from the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A sub-foundation for a blast furnace hearth, characterized in that it comprises a layer of a pisé (10) in direct contact with the bottom of the furnace (1), the pisé containing at least 80% by weight of graphite and a synthetic resin-base binder, and that said pisé is covered by a thin layer of a levelling grout (11) containing at least 40% by weight of graphite fines and a synthetic resin diluted in a solvent.
2. A sub-foundation according to claim 1 characterized in that the thickness of the layer of pise is from 5 to 20 cm and the thickness of the layer of grout is from 1 to 5 mm on average.
3. A process for producing a sub-foundation for a blast furnace hearth, characterized by the following successive operations:
a) an assembly of horizontal bars (6) is disposed at a suitable distance above the bottom of the furnace, the upper edges of the bars defining a horizontal reference plane (9),
b) a first adjustment is effected in respect of the horizontal bars (6) in accordance with the first reference plane (9),
c) a graphite-base pisé (10) is set in position and compacted between the bottom of the furnace and said first reference plane, and said pisé is left to harden,
d) the position of the horizontal bars (6) is adjusted in accordance with a second horizontal reference plane disposed at a distance of at least 1 mm above the first, and
e) the pisé (10) is covered with a thin layer of a levelling grout (11) to the level of the second reference plane.
4. A process according to claim 3 characterized in that the adjustment in respect of height of the horizontal bars (6) is effected by securing fixing means (4) to the bottom of the furnace at given spacings, the lower end of connecting means (5) being connected to said fixing means (4) and the upper end of said connecting means being connected to the ends of said bars in such a way as to provide for adjustment in respect of height thereof.
5. A process according to claim 3 characterized in that, after the pisé (10) has been set in place, the horizontal bars (6) used for determining the first reference plane are replaced by high-precision bars with an amount of sag of less than or equal to 0.1 mm/m to define the second reference plane.
6. A process according to one of claims 3 to 5 characterized in that, after the sub-foundation has set, the horizontal bars (6) are removed.
7. A process according to one of claims 3 to 6 characterized in that the bottom of the furnace comprises a bottom sheet metal member (1).
8. A process according to one of claims 3 to 7 characterized in that the bottom of the furnace comprises cooling means (2) comprising circulation of a liquid and/or gaseous fluid.
9. A process according to claim 8 characterized in that the cooling means are tubes (2) disposed above the bottom sheet metal member (1).
EP19820420041 1981-04-01 1982-03-29 Carbon foundation for metallurgical furnaces, and method for its manufacture Expired EP0061981B1 (en)

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FR8106996 1981-04-01
FR8106996A FR2503186A1 (en) 1981-04-01 1981-04-01 NEW CARBON-BASED SOFTWARE FOR METALLURGY FURNACES AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

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EP0061981A1 EP0061981A1 (en) 1982-10-06
EP0061981B1 true EP0061981B1 (en) 1984-10-31

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AU (1) AU545543B2 (en)
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GB1520896A (en) * 1975-08-22 1978-08-09 Marshall & Co Loxley Ltd Thoma Laying of floors of tiles blocks slabs and the like

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FR2503186B1 (en) 1983-05-13
DE3261102D1 (en) 1984-12-06
FR2503186A1 (en) 1982-10-08
JPS6362473B2 (en) 1988-12-02
JPS582267A (en) 1983-01-07
AU545543B2 (en) 1985-07-18
EP0061981A1 (en) 1982-10-06
AU8217682A (en) 1982-10-07

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