EP0058106A2 - Process and installation for the liquefaction of a gas - Google Patents
Process and installation for the liquefaction of a gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0058106A2 EP0058106A2 EP82400099A EP82400099A EP0058106A2 EP 0058106 A2 EP0058106 A2 EP 0058106A2 EP 82400099 A EP82400099 A EP 82400099A EP 82400099 A EP82400099 A EP 82400099A EP 0058106 A2 EP0058106 A2 EP 0058106A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- compartments
- exchanger
- compartment
- cycle fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000021183 entrée Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
- F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
- F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
- F25J1/0272—Multiple identical heat exchangers in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/50—Arrangement of multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/902—Apparatus
- Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure
Definitions
- a heat exchanger according to the invention used for implementing the above process is of the compact type, with brazed plates on spacer bars forming a plurality of flat compartments of generally rectangular shape stacked in a transverse direction called thickness of exchanger, and having another transverse dimension, or width of exchanger, and a longitudinal dimension or length of exchanger, characterized in that a plurality of compartments devoid of any transverse wall, individually adjacent to at least one other plurality of compartments is é q ui- proceedingse, in addition to input means and output of intermediate admission means between said input means - outlet opening laterally to the heat exchanger along the same intermediate zone of the length of exchanger and comprising, for each compartment, distribution means distributed over the entire width of the compartment.
- an installation for liquefying a gas comprises a closed circuit 1 for a cycle fluid formed of a refrigerant mixture, or cycle mixture, incorporating hydrocarbons from C 1 to C 4 and, where appropriate, nitrogen, with essentially a cycle compressor 2 with two stages 3 and 4, a conduit 7 for a main cycle fluid under low pressure, or low pressure conduit (refrigerant) , leading to stage 3 of compressor 2, a pipe for a high pressure cycle fluid 5, or high pressure pipe (circulating), an expansion valve 6, a bypass pipe 8 for a secondary cycle fluid derived from the liquid and medium pressure state at the base of a medium pressure separator 9 interposed between the two compression stages 3 and 4, and a bypass duct 10 for a secondary cycle fluid withdrawn in the liquid state and under high pressure at the base of an 11 pl high pressure separator acé at the outlet of the high pressure stage 4, these secondary fluid bypass ducts of cycle 8 and 9 each having a first section under pressure (circulating) 12 and 13, respectively under medium
- the main cycle fluid in the low pressure conduit 7 causes the cooling to liquefaction of a gas to be liquefied flowing in a conduit 18 and also the cooling of the main cycle fluid under high pressure in the duct 5, as well as the sub-cooling of the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid cycle state in the first sections under medium pressure 12 and under high pressure 13.
- each heat exchange module 21 forms, in the example described,.
- compartments 22 to 31 also have in (or in the vicinity of) their lower or “cold” end bars 91 "low” or “cold” windows, each opening into three boxes 36, 37 and 38, namely a box of outlet of liquefied natural gas 36, one can e outlet of the cycle fluid under high pressure 37 and a double inlet box of the main cycle fluid under low pressure 38.
- the compartment 22 opens by a "hot" window 22a (zone hatched) in the inlet box of the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid state and at medium pressure 32, the compartments 23, 25, 27 and 29, and 31 opening out through “hot” windows 23a, 25a, 27a, 29a , 31a in the low-pressure cycle fluid outlet box 35, the compartments 24 and 28 opening through “hot” windows 24a and 28a in the high-pressure cycle fluid inlet box 33 and the compartments 26 and 30 opening out through "hot” windows at 26a and 30a into the natural gas inlet box 34.
- a "hot” window 22a zone hatched in the inlet box of the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid state and at medium pressure 32
- the compartments 23, 25, 27 and 29, and 31 opening out through "hot” windows 23a, 25a, 27a, 29a , 31a in the low-pressure cycle fluid outlet box 35
- the compartments 24 and 28 opening through “hot” windows 24a and 28a in the high-pressure cycle fluid inlet box 33
- the compartments 26 and 30
- the compartments 22, 26 and 30 are each partitioned by two transverse bars 40, 41, 42 and 43, 44, 45 located two di f levels - ferent longitudinal or temperature, (1a bar 40 being at a level higher than the bars 41 and 42, while the bars 43, 44 and 45 are all at the same level), with care, between these levels, an intermediate zone, called the addition zone 46, thus defining, in the compartments 22, 26, 30 and in extension of one another, a section of compartment "high” (or "hot”) ) respectively 50, 51, 52, the compartment section 50 being shorter than the compartment sections 51 and 52, a compartment section "low” (or “cold”) respectively 53, 54, 55 all of equal length and an intermediate compartment section 56, 57, 58 respectively.
- the section of "hot” compartment 50 opens downwards through a side window 50b into an outlet box for cycle fluid in the liquid state at medium pressure 60, while the sections of "hot” compartment 51 and 52 open towards the bottom and through side windows 51b and 52b in a natural gas outlet manifold 61 disposed just below the outlet box 60.
- the "bottom" compartment sections 53, 54 and 55 open at 53a, 54a, 55a upwards in an iatural gas inlet box 62.
- the intermediate compartment sections 56, 57, 58 communicate by double side windows 56a, 56h; 57a, 57b, 58a, 58b both upwards and downwards with a separating box 63 connected by the pipe 16 incorporating the valve 14, to the outlet box for the secondary cycle fluid 60, and these intermediate sections 56, 37, 58 have walls 66 and 67, adjacent to the low pressure compartments 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 which are provided with a plurality of perforations 68 regularly distributed over the entire width between a high level N 1 and a low level N 2 of less vertical extension than the height of the clearance, or addition zone 46.
- the compartments 24 and 28 opening at 24b and 28b in the high pressure outlet box 37 Towards the bottom, i.e. towards the cold end 91, from the low pressure compartments 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 open at 23b, 25b, 27b, 29b and 31b in the low pressure inlet box 38, the compartments 24 and 28 opening at 24b and 28b in the high pressure outlet box 37, on the other hand the sections of the compartments 53, 54 and 55 open at 53b, 54b, 55b in the natural gas outlet box 36.
- the conduit for the main cycle fluid under low pressure 7 incorporates a plurality (equal to five times the number of modules 21) of heat exchange passages formed by the compartments such as 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 from feeding from the "cold" inlet box 38 to the evacuation by the "hot” outlet box 35;
- the conduit for the high pressure cycle fluid 5 incorporates a plurality (equal to twice the number of modules 21) of heat exchange passages formed by the compartments such as 24 and 28 from the supply by the inlet box "hot” 33 to the cold outlet box 37
- the liquefied gas conduit 18 incorporates on the one hand the "high” or “hot” compartment sections such as the two compartment sections 51 and 52 and the sections of "low” or “cold” compartment such as 53, 54 and 55 between the inlet box 34 and the outlet box 36.
- modules such as 21, are supplied at the location of their compartment section 50 by the medium pressure cycle fluid 8 by means of the inlet box 32, while other modules such as 21 ', of identical construction to that of the modules 21, (on the right in FIG. 1) are supplied in the same way, except for the section of high or "hot" compartment 50 ′ (homologous to the section of high or hot compartment 50 of the modules 21) which is fed by the window 22'a and the collector 32 'by the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid state and under high pressure 10, the two medium pressure cycle fluids 8 and highêt- s ion then being 10 each relaxed one by the valve 14, the other by the valve 15, at the same pressure, equal to the low cycle pressure, before being introduced into the common separator box 63.
- the expansion of the high pressure fluid at the location of the valve 6 generally has the effect of creating a two-phase mixture and the reinjection of the low pressure main cycle fluid at the cold end 91 of the exchanger 20 must take place through a separator 80, a conduit for a liquid fraction 81 and a conduit for a vapor fraction 82 leading to the double inlet box 38 via means known per se for recombining the liquid and vapor phases.
- the intermediate addition zone 46 comprising the sections of the compartments 56, 57, 58 for receiving the expanded secondary cycle fluid (8 and 10) has, on both sides and d other of the transverse row - along the width (T 2 ) - of orifices 68, flow waves 101 - 102 associated respectively with "liquid” 103 and "vapor" zones 104, each comprising essentially two distributing waves 105 and 106, 105 'and 106', the waves 106 to 1 06 'leading respectively by 56a windows, 56b (57a, 57b) (58a, 58b) at points "low” and "high” of the separator box 63.
- the heat exchanger 110 here comprises a plurality of compartments for a cycle fluid under high pressure 111 extending right through and without interruption from a hot end 112 to a cold end 113 of the exchanger 110 and a plurality of compartments for a liquefied gas 114 extending from the hot end 11 2 to the cold end 113, with, in an intermediate zone 115, extraction at 116, separation of the heavy in 117 and reintroduction of the vapor fraction in 118.
- the compartments for the main fluid of low pressure cycle 120 extend only over a limited part (L 1 ) of the length (L) of the exchanger 110 in the extension of the compartment sections serving also to transport the primary cycle fluid 119.
- the secondary cycle fluid 121 is also reintroduced into a combined addition zone with ec the heavy extraction zone 115, in the same way as described with reference to FIG. 1, but here, since there is no section compartment for the sub-cooling of the secondary cycle fluid (121) the gas to be liquefied is reintroduced only in the downstream compartment sections 114a extending the upstream compartment sections 114b, located on the other side of the addition zone- extraction 115.
- the addition of the secondary cycle fluid 121 takes place directly in the compartments for the main cycle fluid under low pressure 120 - for example as described in FIG. 5 via one or more tubes 122 with distributed perforations 123, extending over the entire width T 2 of the exchanger, preferably, for each compartment, a "vapor" tube in the high position 122 'and a “liquid” tube in the low position 122 “connected respectively by inlet boxes 124 and 125 at the top and bottom points of a separator 126, or as described in FIGS.
- a liquefaction installation comprises a battery of exchangers 140, 140 ', 140 "mounted in parallel and comprising a plurality of longitudinal compartments 141, 141', 141" for a cycle fluid under high pressure 142, a plurality of longitudinal compartments 143, 143 ', 143 "for a low pressure cycle fluid 144, with individual reinjection at the cold end of each exchanger 140, 140', 140" via an expansion valve 145, 145 ', 145 ", a separator 146, 146', 146".
- Two secondary cycle fluids 147 and 148 are also available here, taken in the liquid state at the bottom of the separators 149 and 150 at the outlet of the compression stage.
- the secondary cycle fluids 147 and 148 are sub-cooled in an auxiliary exchanger 153 and from there expanded in 154 and 155 at low pressure and separated into two partial liquid streams 156 and 157, the partial stream 156 being directed as a fluid refrigerant in the auxiliary exchanger 153, while the partial current 157 is separated into as many subdivided currents 158, 158 ', 158 "as there are exchangers 140, 140', 140" ... and assistant, in the intermediate zones of said exchangers, individually to each of the main cycle fluids under low pressure 143, 1431, 143 ".
- FIG. 9 there is a battery of several exchangers, for example three, 161, 162, 163 of which one 161 is intended for cooling the gas to be liquefied 164 and of which the other two 162 and 163 are used for cooling cycle fluid under high pressure 165 subdivided for this purpose into two streams 165 'and 165 ", and this by means of three streams of cycle fluid - main low pressure 166, 166', 166" from the two streams of fluid cycle under high pressure 165 'and 165 "relaxed in 167, 168 in a separator 169 from which three partial liquid streams 170, 170' and 170 '' and three partial gas streams 171, 171 ', 171" are derived 170 and 171, 170 'and 171', 170 "and 171” being recombined at the cold end of the exchangers 161, 162, 163 to form the three main cycle fluids under low pressure 166, 166 ', 166 "...
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de liquéfaction d'un gaz, tel le- gaz naturel, mettant en oeuvre un fluide de cycle à mélange réfrigérant, avec au moins un fluide de cycle principal sous une pression dite basse pression frigorigène, en échange thermique à contre-courant d'une part avec un fluide à liquéfier calorigène, d'autre part avec au moins un fluide de cycle principal calorigène, sous une pression dite haute pression, avec adjonction à un dit fluide de cycle principal sous une pression basse et à une température intermédiaire de réchauffement d'au moins un fluide de cycle secondaire obtenu par dérivation d'une partie à l'état liquide dudit mélange réfrigérant à une pression supérieure à sa basse pression, qui est détendu à une basse pression avant ladite adjonction. Dans des réalisations connues de ce procédé, on a toujours utilisé des échangeurs du type bobiné, placés en ligne permettant les extractions et adjonctions de fluide à l'extrémité froide de chaque échangeur. Cependant, la redistribution des fluides sous basse pression nécessite des dispositions relativement complexes et en tout cas très coûteuses. Au contraire, les échangeurs du type à empilage de plaques et barres-entretoises formant :
- - au moins une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux ininterrompus formant passages pour un tel fluide de cycle principal sous une basse pression, les dits compartiments s'étendant depuis une extrémité froide dudit échangeur;
- - au moins une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux formant passages pour au moins un des fluides suivants, à savoir au moins un tel fluide de cycle principal sous une haute pression et ledit fluide à liquéfier, les dits compartiments aboutissant à une extrémité froide dudit échangeur,
sont de réalisation peu coûteuse, mais également ici on est amené à prévoir plusieurs échangeurs en ligne, pour la réintroduction des fluides secondaires. C'est la raison pour laquelle, lorsqu'on a décidé, pour limiter les frais, de ne mettre en oeuvre qu'un échangeur unique assurant seul la liquéfaction du gaz traité, on a été amené à choisir un procédé simplifié sans formation de fluide de cycle secondaire nécessitant des réintroductions, mais la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé est assez onéreuse, car scn énergie spécifique est élevée.The present invention relates to a process for liquefying a gas, such as natural gas, using a cycle fluid with a refrigerant mixture, with at least one main cycle fluid under a pressure known as low refrigerant pressure, in heat exchange at countercurrent on the one hand with a circulating fluid to circulate, on the other hand with at least one circulating main cycle fluid, under a pressure called high pressure, with addition to a said main cycle fluid under low pressure and at an intermediate temperature for heating at least one secondary cycle fluid obtained by bypassing a portion in the liquid state of said refrigerant mixture at a pressure higher than its low pressure, which is expanded to a low pressure before said addition. In known embodiments of this process, exchangers of the wound type have always been used, placed in line allowing the extractions and additions of fluid to the cold end of each exchanger. However, the redistribution of fluids under low pressure requires relatively complex arrangements and in any case very expensive. On the contrary, exchangers of the stacked type of plates and spacer bars forming:
- - At least a plurality of uninterrupted longitudinal compartments forming passages for such a main cycle fluid under low pressure, the said compartments extending from a cold end of said exchanger;
- at least a plurality of longitudinal compartments forming passages for at least one of the following fluids, namely at least one such main cycle fluid under high pressure and said fluid to be liquefied, said compartments ending in a cold end of said exchanger,
are inexpensive to produce, but also here it is necessary to provide several exchangers in line, for the reintroduction of secondary fluids. This is the reason why, when it was decided, in order to limit the costs, to use only a single exchanger ensuring alone the liquefaction of the treated gas, we were led to choose a simplified process without formation of fluid. secondary cycle requiring reintroductions, but the implementation of such a process is quite expensive, because scn specific energy is high.
L'invention a pour objet un procédé de liquéfaction qui présente à la fois les avantages d'un échangeur de ligne unique pour tout le gradient de température jusqu'à la liquéfaction du gaz à traiter et d'un procédé mettant en oeuvre au moins une dérivation et réintroduction d'un fluide de cycle secondaire. Selon l'invention, le procédé du type rappelé ci-dessus est caractérisé en ce que ledit échange thermique s'effectue dans un échangeur du type à empilage de plaques avec barres entretoises, formant :
- - au moins une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux ininterrompus formant passages pour un tel fluide de cycle principal sous une basse pression, les dits compartiments s'étendant depuis une extrémité froide dudit échangeur;
- - au moins une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux formant passages pour au moins un des fluides suivants, à savoir au moins un tel fluide de cycle principal sous une haute pression et ledit fluide à liquéfier, les dits compartiments aboutissant à une extrémité froide dudit échangeur ;
- - ladite adjonction d'un fluide secondaire à un fluide principal s'effectuant de façon répartie dans chaque compartiment basse pression en au moins une zone transversale s'étendant selon l'épaisseur de l'échangeur et située à distance d'échange thermique des entrées et sorties des dits compartiments formant passages pour un fluide principal sous une basse pression.
- - At least a plurality of uninterrupted longitudinal compartments forming passages for such a main cycle fluid under a low pressure, said compartments extending from a cold end of said exchanger;
- - At least a plurality of longitudinal compartments forming passages for at least one of the following fluids, namely at least one such main cycle fluid under high pressure and said fluid to be liquefied, said compartments ending in a cold end of said exchanger;
- - Said addition of a secondary fluid to a main fluid being carried out in a distributed manner in each low pressure compartment in at least one transverse zone extending along the thickness of the exchanger and located at a heat exchange distance from the inlets and outlets of said compartments forming passages for a main fluid under low pressure.
Un échangeur selon l'invention utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus est du type compact, à plaques brasées sur barres-entretoises formant une pluralité de compartiments plats de forme générale rectangulaire empilés selon une direction transversale dite d'épaisseur d'échangeur, et ayant une autre dimension transversale, ou largeur d'échangeur, et une dimension longitudinale ou longueur d'échangeur, caractérisé en ce qu'une pluralité de compartiments démunis de toute paroi transversale , adjacents individuellement à au moins une autre pluralité de compartiments est équi- pée, outre les moyens d'entrée et sortie, de moyens d'admission intermédiaire entre les dits moyens d'entrée - sortie débouchant latéralement à l'échangeur le long d'une même zone intermédiaire de la longueur d'échangeur et comportant, pour chaque compartiment, des moyens de distribution répartis sur toute la largeur de compartiment.A heat exchanger according to the invention used for implementing the above process is of the compact type, with brazed plates on spacer bars forming a plurality of flat compartments of generally rectangular shape stacked in a transverse direction called thickness of exchanger, and having another transverse dimension, or width of exchanger, and a longitudinal dimension or length of exchanger, characterized in that a plurality of compartments devoid of any transverse wall, individually adjacent to at least one other plurality of compartments is é q ui- pée, in addition to input means and output of intermediate admission means between said input means - outlet opening laterally to the heat exchanger along the same intermediate zone of the length of exchanger and comprising, for each compartment, distribution means distributed over the entire width of the compartment.
Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de.la description qui suit dans laquelle :
- - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un échangeur selon l'invention;
- - les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues en coupe selon II-II et III-III des figures 1 et 2;
- - les figures 4 et 5 d'une part et les figures 6 et 7 d'autre part sont des vues en coupe transversale de deux variantes de réalisation.
- - les figures 8 et 9 sont des vues schématiques d'une installation selon l'invention mettant en oeuvre une batterie d'échangeurs.
- - Figure 1 is a perspective view of an exchanger according to the invention;
- - Figures 2 and 3 are sectional views along II-II and III-III of Figures 1 and 2;
- - Figures 4 and 5 on the one hand and Figures 6 and 7 on the other hand are cross-sectional views of two alternative embodiments.
- - Figures 8 and 9 are schematic views of an installation according to the invention using a battery of exchangers.
En se référant aux figures 1, 2 et 3, une installation de liquéfaction d'un gaz (par exemple du gaz naturel) comprend un circuit fermé 1 pour un fluide de cycle formé d'un mélange réfrigérant, ou mélange de cycle, incorporant des hydrocarbures de C1 à C4 et le cas échéant de l'azote, avec essentiellement un compresseur de cycle 2 à deux étages 3 et 4, un conduit 7 pour un fluide de cycle principal sous basse pression, ou conduit basse pression (frigorigène), aboutissant à l'étage 3 du compresseur 2, un conduit pour un fluide de cycle sous haute pression 5, ou conduit haute pression (calorigène), une vanne de détente 6, un conduit de dérivation 8 pour un fluide de cycle secondaire dérivé à l'état liquide et sous moyenne pression à la base d'un séparateur moyenne pression 9 intercalé entre les deux étages de compression 3 et 4, et un conduit de dérivation 10 pour un fluide de cycle secondaire prélevé à l'état liquide et sous haute pression à la base d'un séparateur haute pression 11 placé à la sortie de l'étage haute pression 4, ces conduits de dérivation de fluide secondaire de cycle 8 et 9 ayant chacun une première section sous pression (calorigène) 12 et 13, respectivement sous moyenne pression et sous haute pression, et, au-delà de deux vannes de détente 14 et 15, une seconde section sous basse pression 16, aboutissant directement dans le conduit 7 pour le fluide principal de cycle sous basse pression.Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, an installation for liquefying a gas (for example natural gas) comprises a closed circuit 1 for a cycle fluid formed of a refrigerant mixture, or cycle mixture, incorporating hydrocarbons from C 1 to C 4 and, where appropriate, nitrogen, with essentially a
Dz.ns l'exemple décrit, le fluide de cycle principal dans le conduit basse pression 7 provoque le refroidissement jusqu'à liquéfaction d'un gaz à liquéfier circulant dans un conduit 18 et également le refroidissement du fluide de cycle principal sous haute pression dans le conduit 5, ainsi que le sous-refroidissement du fluide de cycle secondaire à l'état liquide de cycle dans les premières sections sous moyenne pression 12 et sous haute pression 13.In the example described, the main cycle fluid in the low pressure conduit 7 causes the cooling to liquefaction of a gas to be liquefied flowing in a
Comme on le voit, l'ensemble de ces opérations de refroidissement ou plus généralement de transfert thermique s'effectue dans un même échangeur de chaleur 20, du type à plaques brasées et constitué d'une pluralité de modules, dont l'un est représenté en détails en 21.à la figure 1 et qui sont disposés côte à côte.Chaque module d'échange thermique 21 forme, dans l'exemple décrit,. un empilage selon une direction transversale (T1) de dix compartiments plats de forme rectangulaire selon une deuxième direction transversale, ou largeur (T 2), et une direction longitudinale (L), désignés par les chiffres 22 à 31, tous comprenant aux extrémités longitudinales dans, (ou au voisinage de), leurs barres d'extrémité supérieures ou "chaudes" 90 des fenêtres "chaudes", chacune débouchant dans une des quatre boîtes 32 à 35, à savoir une boite d'entrée du fluide de cycle secondaire à l'état liquide et sous moyenne pression 32, une boîte d'entrée du fluide de cycle principal sous haute pression 33, une boîte d'entrée du gaz naturel 34, une boîte de sortie du fluide de cycle principal basse pression 35. Les compartiments 22 à 31 présentent également dans (ou au voisinage de) leurs barres d'extrémité inférieures ou "froides" 91 des fenêtres "basses" ou "froides", chacune débouchant dans trois boîtes 36, 37 et 38, à savoir une boîte de sortie du gaz naturel liquéfié 36, une boite de sortie du fluide de cycle sous haute pression 37 et une boite double d'entrée du fluide de cycle principal sous basse pression 38.As can be seen, all of these cooling or more generally heat transfer operations are carried out in the same heat exchanger 20, of the brazed plate type and consisting of a plurality of modules, one of which is shown. in detail in 21. in FIG. 1 and which are arranged side by side. Each heat exchange module 21 forms, in the example described,. a stack in a transverse direction (T 1 ) of ten flat compartments of rectangular shape in a second transverse direction, or width (T 2), and a longitudinal direction (L), designated by the numbers 22 to 31, all comprising at the ends longitudinal in, (or in the vicinity of), their upper or "hot"
.Ainsi, pour le module 21, et en partant de la gauche vers la droite de la figure, vers le haut, (ou du côté de l'extrémité chaude 90) le compartiment 22 s'ouvre par une fenêtre "chaude" 22a (zone hachurée) dans la boîte d'entrée du fluide de cycle secondaire à l'état liquide et sous moyenne pression 32, les compartiments 23, 25, 27 et 29, et 31 débouchant par des fenêtres "chaudes" 23a, 25a, 27a, 29a, 31a dans la boîte de sortie du fluide de cycle basse pression 35, les compartiments 24 et 28 s'ouvrant par des fenêtres "chaudes" 24a et 28a dans la boîte d'entrée de fluide de cycle sous haute pression 33 et les compartiments 26 et 30 débouchant par des fenêtres "chaudes" en 26a et 30a dans la boite d'entrée de gaz naturel 34. . Thus, for the module 21, and starting from the left towards the right of the figure, upwards (or on the side of the hot end 90) the compartment 22 opens by a "hot"
A une certaine distance de l'extrémité chaude 90 de l'échangeur et également à distance de l'extrémité froide 91, les compartiments 22, 26 et 30 sont cloisonnés chacun par deux barres transversales 40, 41, 42 et 43, 44, 45 situées à deux niveaux dif- férents longitudinaux ou de température,(1a barre 40 étant à un niveau plus haut que les barres 41 et 42, tandis que les barres 43, 44 et 45 sont toutes au même niveau), avec ménagement, entre ces niveaux, d'une zone intermédiaire, dite zone d'adjonction 46, définissant ainsi, dans les compartiments 22, 26, 30 et en prolongement l'une de l'autre, un tronçon de compartiment "haut" (ou "chaud") respectivement 50, 51, 52, le tronçon de compartiment 50 étant moins long que les tronçons de compartiments 51 et 52, un tronçon de compartiment "bas" (ou "froid") respectivement 53, 54, 55 tous d'égales longueurs et un tronçon de compartiment intermédiaire respectivement 56, 57, 58.At a certain distance from the
Le tronçon de compartiment "chaud" 50 débouche vers le bas par une fenêtre latérale 50b dans une boite de sortie de fluide de cycle à l'état liquide sous moyenne pression 60, tandis que les tronçons de compartiment "chauds" 51 et 52 débouchent vers le bas et par des fenêtres latérales 51b et 52b dans un collecteur de sortie de gaz naturel 61 disposé juste en dessous de la boîte de sortie 60.The section of "hot"
Les tronçons de compartiment "bas" 53, 54 et 55 débouchent en 53a, 54a, 55a vers le haut dans une boîte d'entrée de gaz iaturel 62.The "bottom"
Les tronçons de compartiment intermédiaires 56, 57, 58 communiquent par des fenêtres latérales doubles 56a, 56h; 57a, 57b, 58a, 58b à la fois vers le haut et vers le bas avec une boîte-sépara- t-ice 63 raccordée par la canalisation 16 incorporant la vanne 14, à la boite de sortie du fluide de cycle secondaire 60, et ces tronçons intermédiaires 56, 37, 58 ont des parois 66 et 67, adjacentes aux compartiments basse pression 23, 25, 27, 29 et 31 qui sont pourvues d'ine pluralité de perforations 68 régulièrement réparties sur toute la largeur entre un niveau haut N1 et un niveau bas N2 de moindre extension verticale que la hauteur du dégagement, ou zone d'adjonction 46.The
Vers le bas, c'est-à-dire vers l'extrémité froide 91, d ine part les compartiments basse pression 23, 25, 27, 29 et 31 s'ouvrent en 23b, 25b, 27b, 29b et 31b dans la boîte d'entrée basse pression 38, les compartiments 24 et 28 débouchant en 24b et 28b dans la boite de sortie haute pression 37, d'autre part les tronçons des compartiments 53, 54 et 55 débouchent en 53b, 54b, 55b dans la boîte de sortie de gaz naturel 36.Towards the bottom, i.e. towards the cold end 91, from the
Ainsi, le conduit pour le fluide de cycle principal sous basse pression 7 incorpore une pluralité (égale à cinq fois le nombre de modules 21) de passages d'échange thermique formés par les compartiments tels que 23, 25, 27,29 et 31 depuis l'alimentation à partir de la boîte d'entrée "froide" 38 jusqu'à l'évacuation par la boite de sortie "chaude" 35; le conduit pour le fluide de cycle sous haute pression 5 incorpore une pluralité (égale à deux fois le nombre de modules 21) de passages d'échange thermique formés par les compartiments tels que 24 et 28 depuis l'alimentation par la boîte d'entrée "chaude" 33 jusqu'à la boîte de sortie froide 37, et le conduit de gaz à liquéfier 18 incorpore d'une part les tronçons de compartiment "hauts" ou "chauds" tels que les deux tronçons de compartiment 51 et 52 et les tronçons de compartiment "bas" ou "froid" tels que 53, 54 et 55 entre la boîte d'entrée 34 et la boîte de sortie 36. Avantageusement, entre les boîtes de sortie 61 et d'entrée ô2-est aménagé un séparateur de phases 70 avec extraction, en 71, de la fraction liquide formée des condensats "lourds" indésirables, tandis que la fraction gazeuse 72 est réintroduite en 62.Thus, the conduit for the main cycle fluid under low pressure 7 incorporates a plurality (equal to five times the number of modules 21) of heat exchange passages formed by the compartments such as 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 from feeding from the "cold"
Certains modules, tels que 21, sont alimentés à l'endroit de leur tronçon de compartiment 50 par le fluide de cycle sous moyenne pression 8 au moyen de la boite d'entrée 32, tandis que d'autres modules tels que 21', de construction identique à celle des modules 21, (à droite sur la figure 1) sont alimentés de la même façon, à l'exception du tronçon de compartiment haut ou "chaud" 50' (homologue au tronçon de compartiment haut ou chaud 50 des modules 21) qui est alimenté par la fenêtre 22'a et le collecteur 32' par le fluide de cycle secondaire à l'état liquide et sous haute pression 10, les deux fluides de cycle moyenne pression 8 et haute pres- sion 10 étant ensuite chacun détendu l'un par la vanne 14, l'autre par la vanne 15, à la même pression, égale à la basse pression de cycle, avant d'être introduits dans la boîte-séparatrice commune 63.Some modules, such as 21, are supplied at the location of their
On note également que la détente du fluide à haute pression à l'endroit de la vanne 6 a généralement pour effet de créer un mélange diphasique et la réinjection du fluide de cycle principal basse pression à l'extrémité froide 91 de l'échangeur 20 doit s'effectuer par un séparateur 80, un conduit pour une fraction liquide 81 et un conduit pour une fraction vapeur 82 aboutissant à la boite d'entrée double 38 via des moyens connus en soi de recombinaison des phases liquide et vapeur.It is also noted that the expansion of the high pressure fluid at the location of the valve 6 generally has the effect of creating a two-phase mixture and the reinjection of the low pressure main cycle fluid at the cold end 91 of the exchanger 20 must take place through a
Ainsi, on peut résumer maintenant les différents circuits:
- - le conduit pour un fluide de cycle haute pression 5 comprend dans l'échangeur 20, une paire de boîtes d'extrémité 33, 37 de part et d'autre d'une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux tels 24 et 28 s'étendant pratiquement de part en part sur toute la hauteur de l'échangeur 20.
- - le conduit pour un fluide de cycle basse pression 7 comprend dans l'échangeur 20 une paire de boîtes d'extrémité 35, 38, de part et d'autre d'une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux tels 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 ;
- - le conduit de fluide de cycle secondaire sous
moyenne pression 8 comprend, dans les modules 21,-une partie amont sous ladite moyenne pression comprenant une boîte d'entrée haute ou "chaude" 32, une pluralité de tronçons de compartiments "amont" 50, une boîte de sortie intermédiaire 60, une vanne dedétente 14 et une partie aval basse pression incorporant leconduit 16 et la boîte séparatrice intermédiaire 63 et une pluralité (identique à la somme des tronçons decompartiments amont 50 et 51, 52) de tronçons de compartiment intermédiaire 56, 57, 58 et des orifices deréinjection 68. - - le conduit de fluide de cycle secondaire sous
haute pression 10 comprend, dans les modules 21', une partie amont sous ladite haute pression comprenant une boîte d'entrée haute ou "chaude" 32', une pluralité de tronçons de compartiments amont 50', une boîte de sortie intermédiaire 60', une vanne dedétente 15 et une partie aval basse pression incorporant leconduit 16 et la boîte-séparatrice intermédiaire 63 et une pluralité (identique à celle de tronçons de compartiments amont 50' et 51', 52' de tronçons de compartiments intermédiaires 56' et des orifices deréinjection 68; - - le circuit de gaz naturel 18 comprend, dans l'échangeur 20, une boite d'entrée haute ou "chaude" 34, une pluralité de tronçons de compartiment amont tels que 51 et 52, une boîte de sortie intermédiaire 61, le
séparateur 70, une boîte d'entrée intermédiaire 62, et une pluralité (égale à la somme de la pluralité de tronçons de compartiments amont 50 pour le fluide de cycle secondaire sous moyenne pression 8 (ou 50' soushaute pression 10 dans les modules 21') et de la pluralité de tronçons de 51, 52 pour le gaz naturel à liquéfier 18, de tronçons de compartiments aval tels 53, 54, 55, et la boîte de sortie basse ou "froide" 36.compartiment amont
- - The conduit for a high pressure cycle fluid 5 comprises in the exchanger 20, a pair of
33, 37 on either side of a plurality of longitudinal compartments such as 24 and 28 extending substantially from right through the whole height of the exchanger 20.end boxes - the conduit for a low pressure cycle fluid 7 comprises in the exchanger 20 a pair of
35, 38, on either side of a plurality of longitudinal compartments such as 23, 25, 27, 29, 31;end boxes - the medium cycle secondary
cycle fluid conduit 8 comprises, in the modules 21, an upstream part under said medium pressure comprising a high or "hot"inlet box 32, a plurality of sections of "upstream"compartments 50 , anintermediate outlet box 60, anexpansion valve 14 and a low pressure downstream part incorporating theconduit 16 and the intermediate separatingbox 63 and a plurality (identical to the sum of the sections of 50 and 51, 52) of sectionsupstream compartments 56, 57, 58 andintermediate compartment re-injection orifices 68. - - the high pressure secondary
cycle fluid conduit 10 comprises, in the modules 21 ', an upstream part under said high pressure comprising a high or "hot" inlet box 32', a plurality of sections of upstream compartments 50 ' , an intermediate outlet box 60 ', anexpansion valve 15 and a low pressure downstream part incorporating theconduit 16 and theintermediate separator box 63 and a plurality (identical to that of sections ofupstream compartments 50' and 51 ', 52 ′ of sections ofintermediate compartments 56 ′ andreinjection orifices 68; - the
natural gas circuit 18 comprises, in the exchanger 20, a high or "hot"inlet box 34, a plurality of sections of upstream compartment such as 51 and 52, anintermediate outlet box 61, theseparator 70 , anintermediate inlet box 62, and a plurality (equal to the sum of the plurality of sections ofupstream compartments 50 for the secondary cycle fluid under medium pressure 8 (or 50 'athigh pressure 10 in the modules 21') and of the plurality of 51, 52 for the natural gas to be liquefied 18, of downstream compartment sections such as 53, 54, 55, and the low or "cold"upstream compartment sections outlet box 36.
En se référant plus particulièrement aux figures 2 et 3, on voit que la zone intermédiaire d'adjonction 46 comprenant les tronçons des compartiments 56, 57, 58 de réception du fluide de cycle secondaire détendu (8 et 10) présente, de part et d'autre de la rangée transversale - selon la largeur (T2) - d'orifices 68, des ondes d'écoulement 101 - 102 associées respectivement à des zones "liquide" 103 et "vapeur" 104, comprenant chacune essentiellement deux ondes distributrices 105 et 106, 105' et 106', les ondes 106 et 106' débouchant respectivement par les fenêtres 56a, 56b (57a, 57b) (58a, 58b) en des points "bas" et "haut" de la boite séparatrice 63.Referring more particularly to FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the
Selon la variante de réalisation représentée à la figure 4, l'échangeur de chaleur 110 comprend ici une pluralité de compartiments pour un fluide de cycle sous haute pression 111 s'étendant de part en part et sans interruption d'une extrémité chaude 112 à une extrémité froide 113 de l'échangeur 110 et une pluralité de compartiments pour un gaz à liquéfier 114 s'étendant de l'extrémité chaude 112 à l'extrémité froide 113, avec, dans une zone intermédiaire 115, extraction en 116, séparation des lourds en 117 et réintroduction de la fraction vapeur en 118. Ici, on dispose d'un cycle frigorigène primaire indépendant 119 et les compartiments pour le fluide principal de cycle basse pression 120 ne s'étendent que sur une partie restreinte (L1) de la longueur (L) de l'échangeur 110 dans le prolongement des tronçons de compartiment servant à véhiculer également le fluide de cycle primaire 119. Le fluide de cycle secondaire 121 est également réintroduit dans une zone d'adjonction confondue avec la zone d'extraction des lourds 115, de la même façon que décrite en référence à la figure 1, mais ici, puisqu'il n'existe pas de tronçon de compartiment pour le sous-refroidissement du fluide de cycle secondaire (121) le gaz à liquéfier est réintroduit seulement dans les tronçons de compartiment aval 114a prolongeant les tronçons de compartiment amont 114b, situés de l'autre côté de la zone d'adjonction-extraction 115.According to the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the
Dans un tel cas, l'adjonction du fluide de cycle secondaire 121 s'effectue directement dans les compartiments pour le fluide de cycle principal sous basse pression 120 - par exemple comme décrit à la figure 5 par l'intermédiaire d'un ou plusieurs tubes 122 à perforations réparties 123,s'étendant sous toute la largeur T2 de l'échangeur, de préférence, pour chaque compartiment, un tube "vapeur" en position haute 122' et un tube "liquide" en position basse 122" raccordés respectivement par des boîtes d'entrée 124 et 125 aux points haut et bas d'un séparateur 126, ou comme décrit aux figures 6 et 7 par des tronçons de compartiments étroits de réinjection 130 ménagés dans une partie de l'épaisseur (T1) des compartiments 131 pour le fluide de cycle principal sous basse pression 120, alimentés par une boite d'entrée basse 133 pour une fraction liquide 134 de ce fluide de cycle secondaire et une boîte d'entrée haute 135 pour une fraction "vapeur" 136 de ce fluide de cycle secondaire, la séparation s'effectuant dans un séparateur de phase 137 alimenté via une vanne de détente 138 par un collecteur 139 pour le f-luide de cycle secondaire sous pression, l'adjonction dans les compartiments 120 s'effectuant par des rangées de perforations 140.In such a case, the addition of the
Selon la variante de réalisation représentée à la figure 8, une installation de liquéfaction comporte une batterie d'échangeurs 140, 140', 140" montés en parallèle et comportant une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux 141, 141', 141" pour un fluide de cycle sous haute pression 142, une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux 143, 143', 143" pour un fluide de cycle sous basse pression 144, avec réinjection individuelle à l'extrémité froide de chaque échangeur 140, 140', 140" via une vanne de détente 145, 145', 145", un séparateur 146, 146', 146". On dispose également ici de deux fluides de cycle secondaire 147 et 148 prélevés à l'état liquide au bas des séparateurs 149 et 150 à la sortie de l'étage de compression moyenne pression 151 et de l'étage haute pression 1.52. Les fluides de cycle secondaire 147 et 148 sont sous-refroidis dans un échangeur auxiliaire 153 et de là détendus en 154 et 155 à la basse pression et séparés en deux courants partiels liquides 156 et 157, le courant partiel 156 étant dirigé à titre de fluide frigorigène dans l'échangeur auxiliaire 153, tandis que le courant partiel 157 est séparé en autant de courants subdivisés 158, 158', 158" qu'il y a d'échangeurs 140, 140', 140" ... et adjoint, dans les zones intermédiaires des dits échangeurs, individuellement à chacun des fluides de cycle principaux sous basse pression 143, 1431, 143".According to the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 8, a liquefaction installation comprises a battery of
Selon la figure 9, on dispose d'une batterie de plusieurs échangeurs, par exemple trois, 161, 162, 163 dont l'un 161, est destiné au refroidissement du gaz à liquéfier 164 et dont les deux autres 162 et 163 servent au refroidissement du fluide de cycle sous haute pression 165 subdivisé à cet effet en deux courants 165' et 165", et cela au moyen de trois courants de fluide de cycles - principaux basse pression 166, 166', 166" issus des deux courants de fluide de cycle sous haute pression 165' et 165" détendu en 167, 168 dans un séparateur 169 à partir duquel sont dérivés trois courants partiels liquides 170, 170' et 170'' et trois courants partiels gazeux 171, 171', 171", les courants 170 et 171, 170' et 171', 170" et 171" étant recombinés à l'extrémité froide des échangeurs 161, 162, 163 pour former les trois fluides de cycle principaux sous basse pression 166, 166', 166"... Des liquides de cycle secondaire 172 et 173 sous moyenne et haute pression occupant des tronçons de compartiment amont 174 et 175 de l'échangeur 166, sont soutirés de l'échangeur 166 en 176 et 177, détendus en 178, 179 à la basse pression et conduits dans un séparateur commun 180 à partir duquel sont soutirés trois courants liquides 181, 181', 181" et trois courants vapeur 182, 182', 182" recombinés deux à deux pour être adjoints respectivement aux trois fluides de cycle principaux 166, 166', 166".According to FIG. 9, there is a battery of several exchangers, for example three, 161, 162, 163 of which one 161 is intended for cooling the gas to be liquefied 164 and of which the other two 162 and 163 are used for cooling cycle fluid under high pressure 165 subdivided for this purpose into two streams 165 'and 165 ", and this by means of three streams of cycle fluid - main low pressure 166, 166', 166" from the two streams of fluid cycle under high pressure 165 'and 165 "relaxed in 167, 168 in a separator 169 from which three partial liquid streams 170, 170' and 170 '' and three partial gas streams 171, 171 ', 171" are derived 170 and 171, 170 'and 171', 170 "and 171" being recombined at the cold end of the exchangers 161, 162, 163 to form the three main cycle fluids under low pressure 166, 166 ', 166 "... Liquids of secondary cycle 172 and 173 under medium and high pressure occupying sections of compartment upstream 174 and 175 of the exchanger 166, are withdrawn from the exchanger 166 at 176 and 177, expanded at 178, 179 at low pressure and led into a common separator 180 from which three liquid streams 181, 181 'are drawn off , 181 "and three vapor streams 182, 182 ', 182" combined two by two to be added to the three main cycle fluids 166, 166', 166 "respectively.
Claims (24)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT82400099T ATE9113T1 (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1982-01-20 | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE LIQUEFICATION OF A GAS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8102202A FR2499226B1 (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1981-02-05 | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR LIQUEFACTION OF A GAS |
FR8102202 | 1981-02-05 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0058106A2 true EP0058106A2 (en) | 1982-08-18 |
EP0058106A3 EP0058106A3 (en) | 1982-12-08 |
EP0058106B1 EP0058106B1 (en) | 1984-08-22 |
Family
ID=9254859
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82400099A Expired EP0058106B1 (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1982-01-20 | Process and installation for the liquefaction of a gas |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4486210A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0058106B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS57149386A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE9113T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3260587D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2499226B1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0125980A2 (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1984-11-21 | Compagnie Francaise D'etudes Et De Construction "Technip" | Process and apparatus for the cooling and liquefaction of at least a low boiling point gas, such as natural gas |
EP0128614A1 (en) * | 1983-05-27 | 1984-12-19 | FDO Technische Adviseurs B.V. | Sorption heat pump construction |
WO1998054524A1 (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1998-12-03 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for liquefying a flow rich in hydrocarbons |
FR2957663A3 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2011-09-23 | Air Liquide | Method for carrying out heat exchanging of two-phase fluid e.g. liquid, in exchange line, involves mixing second fluid with one of fractions of first fluid, where state of second liquid is different from state of first fluid |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5233839A (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1993-08-10 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process for operating a heat exchanger |
EP0723125B1 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 2001-10-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Gas liquefying method and plant |
GB2302044A (en) * | 1995-06-12 | 1997-01-08 | William Harrold Aitken | Liquid-vapour contact apparatus |
GB9515492D0 (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1995-09-27 | Aitken William H | Apparatus for combined heat and mass transfer |
US5657643A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-08-19 | The Pritchard Corporation | Closed loop single mixed refrigerant process |
FR2751402B1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-10-09 | Packinox Sa | THERMAL EXCHANGE INSTALLATION BETWEEN AT LEAST THREE FLUIDS |
DE10206388A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-28 | Linde Ag | Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream |
NO328205B1 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-01-11 | Sinvent As | Procedure and process plant for gas condensation |
FR2932876B1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2013-09-27 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR LIQUEFACTING A NATURAL GAS WITH PRE-COOLING THE REFRIGERANT MIXTURE |
FR2980564A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-29 | Air Liquide | REFRIGERATION METHOD AND INSTALLATION |
CA2941608C (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2021-10-12 | Conocophillips Company | Heat exchanger system with mono-cyclone inline separator |
CN104896986B (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏科技大学 | High-efficiency compact type LNG carburetor |
AR105277A1 (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-09-20 | Chart Energy & Chemicals Inc | MIXED REFRIGERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD |
US20210285719A1 (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-16 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Heat exchanger apparatus, manifold arrangement for a heat exchanger apparatus, and methods relating to same |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2061736A1 (en) * | 1969-09-16 | 1971-06-25 | Trane Co | |
US3587731A (en) * | 1968-07-22 | 1971-06-28 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Plural refrigerant tray type heat exchanger |
FR2154352A1 (en) * | 1971-10-01 | 1973-05-11 | Air Liquide | |
FR2384221A1 (en) * | 1977-03-16 | 1978-10-13 | Air Liquide | PLATE EXCHANGER TYPE HEAT EXCHANGE ASSEMBLY |
FR2417066A2 (en) * | 1978-02-08 | 1979-09-07 | Air Liquide | Thermal exchange combination of plate heat exchanger type - incorporates exchangers connected in parallel in arrangement giving perfect feed equilibrium, partic, for liquefying natural gas |
FR2456924A2 (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1980-12-12 | Air Liquide | THERMAL EXCHANGE ASSEMBLY OF THE PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER TYPE |
-
1981
- 1981-02-05 FR FR8102202A patent/FR2499226B1/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-01-20 EP EP82400099A patent/EP0058106B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-20 AT AT82400099T patent/ATE9113T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-20 DE DE8282400099T patent/DE3260587D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-05 JP JP57016459A patent/JPS57149386A/en active Pending
-
1983
- 1983-08-12 US US06/522,626 patent/US4486210A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3587731A (en) * | 1968-07-22 | 1971-06-28 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Plural refrigerant tray type heat exchanger |
FR2061736A1 (en) * | 1969-09-16 | 1971-06-25 | Trane Co | |
FR2154352A1 (en) * | 1971-10-01 | 1973-05-11 | Air Liquide | |
FR2384221A1 (en) * | 1977-03-16 | 1978-10-13 | Air Liquide | PLATE EXCHANGER TYPE HEAT EXCHANGE ASSEMBLY |
FR2417066A2 (en) * | 1978-02-08 | 1979-09-07 | Air Liquide | Thermal exchange combination of plate heat exchanger type - incorporates exchangers connected in parallel in arrangement giving perfect feed equilibrium, partic, for liquefying natural gas |
FR2456924A2 (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1980-12-12 | Air Liquide | THERMAL EXCHANGE ASSEMBLY OF THE PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER TYPE |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0125980A2 (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1984-11-21 | Compagnie Francaise D'etudes Et De Construction "Technip" | Process and apparatus for the cooling and liquefaction of at least a low boiling point gas, such as natural gas |
EP0125980A3 (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1984-12-27 | Compagnie Francaise D'etudes Et De Construction "Technip" | Process and apparatus for the cooling and liquefaction of at least a low boiling point gas, such as natural gas |
EP0128614A1 (en) * | 1983-05-27 | 1984-12-19 | FDO Technische Adviseurs B.V. | Sorption heat pump construction |
WO1998054524A1 (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1998-12-03 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for liquefying a flow rich in hydrocarbons |
US6334334B1 (en) | 1997-05-28 | 2002-01-01 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream |
AU745564B2 (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 2002-03-21 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for liquefying a flow rich in hydrocarbons |
FR2957663A3 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2011-09-23 | Air Liquide | Method for carrying out heat exchanging of two-phase fluid e.g. liquid, in exchange line, involves mixing second fluid with one of fractions of first fluid, where state of second liquid is different from state of first fluid |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS57149386A (en) | 1982-09-14 |
FR2499226A1 (en) | 1982-08-06 |
EP0058106A3 (en) | 1982-12-08 |
DE3260587D1 (en) | 1984-09-27 |
FR2499226B1 (en) | 1985-09-27 |
ATE9113T1 (en) | 1984-09-15 |
EP0058106B1 (en) | 1984-08-22 |
US4486210A (en) | 1984-12-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0058106A2 (en) | Process and installation for the liquefaction of a gas | |
EP0431143B1 (en) | Process and device for the simultaneous transfer of material and heat | |
JP5898264B2 (en) | LNG system using stacked vertical heat exchanger to provide liquid reflux stream | |
KR20070084502A (en) | Vertical heat exchanger configuration for lng facility | |
CN1119618C (en) | Improved heat exchanger with brazed plates | |
FR2912811A1 (en) | High pressure heat exchanger for motor vehicle, has collecting boxes collecting fluid circulating in plane tubes, and separation wall with recess to authorize passage of another fluid on both sides of wall between rows of two of tubes | |
JPH0154639B2 (en) | ||
EP3479044A1 (en) | Heat exchanger comprising a device for distributing a liquid/gas mixture | |
EP1179724B1 (en) | Heat exchanger with multiple heat exchange blocks with fluid inlet manifold providing uniform distribution, and vaporizer-condenser comprising same | |
EP0564342B1 (en) | Container for production and storage of ice | |
EP0145515B1 (en) | Fluid heating installation comprising an absorption heat pump associated cycle | |
FR2647887A1 (en) | INTERCALE LIQUEUR HEATING DEVICE FOR PLATE-TYPE RIPE EVAPORATORS AND METHOD FOR COOLING A STEAM BELOW ITS CONDENSING AND / OR EVAPORATING TEMPERATURE OF A LIQUID USING SUCH A DEVICE | |
KR20070108025A (en) | Evaporator | |
EP0738862A1 (en) | Heat exchanger with brazed plates, and corresponding method for processing a two-phase fluid | |
FR2920866A1 (en) | MAIN EXCHANGE LINE AND CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION AIR SEPARATION APPARATUS INCORPORATING SUCH EXCHANGE LINE | |
JP7399938B2 (en) | Heat exchange method implementing heat exchanger with improved passage configuration and related methods | |
EP0553340B1 (en) | Plate-type heat exchanger | |
WO2021032916A1 (en) | Method for liquefying natural gas with improved exchanger configuration | |
FR3001795A1 (en) | Heat exchanger arrangement for air-conditioning circuit of air-conditioning device in modern vehicle, has channel distributer and collector extending longitudinally in parallelepipedic block and are in connection with continuous spaces | |
EP4062118B1 (en) | Heat exchanger having an arrangement of mixing devices improving the dispensing of a biphasic mixture | |
US1678485A (en) | Refrigeration | |
FR3101141A1 (en) | HEAT EXCHANGER, LIQUEFACTION SYSTEM WITH DOUBLE COOLING CYCLE INCLUDING LEDIT HEAT EXCHANGER | |
TW202309456A (en) | Side draw reflux heavy hydrocarbon removal system and method | |
BE541344A (en) | ||
FR3121743A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for separating a mixture containing at least nitrogen and methane |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19821014 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 19840822 Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19840822 Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19840822 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19840822 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 9113 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19840915 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3260587 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19840927 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19850131 Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19850131 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19850131 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19961209 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19961218 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19961219 Year of fee payment: 16 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19961219 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980120 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980131 Ref country code: FR Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 19980131 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: L' AIR LIQUIDE S.A. POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION Effective date: 19980131 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19980120 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981103 |