EP0058106A2 - Process and installation for the liquefaction of a gas - Google Patents

Process and installation for the liquefaction of a gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0058106A2
EP0058106A2 EP82400099A EP82400099A EP0058106A2 EP 0058106 A2 EP0058106 A2 EP 0058106A2 EP 82400099 A EP82400099 A EP 82400099A EP 82400099 A EP82400099 A EP 82400099A EP 0058106 A2 EP0058106 A2 EP 0058106A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
compartments
exchanger
compartment
cycle fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82400099A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0058106A3 (en
EP0058106B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Gauthier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Priority to AT82400099T priority Critical patent/ATE9113T1/en
Publication of EP0058106A2 publication Critical patent/EP0058106A2/en
Publication of EP0058106A3 publication Critical patent/EP0058106A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0058106B1 publication Critical patent/EP0058106B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
    • F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
    • F25J1/0272—Multiple identical heat exchangers in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/50—Arrangement of multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/902—Apparatus
    • Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure

Definitions

  • a heat exchanger according to the invention used for implementing the above process is of the compact type, with brazed plates on spacer bars forming a plurality of flat compartments of generally rectangular shape stacked in a transverse direction called thickness of exchanger, and having another transverse dimension, or width of exchanger, and a longitudinal dimension or length of exchanger, characterized in that a plurality of compartments devoid of any transverse wall, individually adjacent to at least one other plurality of compartments is é q ui- proceedingse, in addition to input means and output of intermediate admission means between said input means - outlet opening laterally to the heat exchanger along the same intermediate zone of the length of exchanger and comprising, for each compartment, distribution means distributed over the entire width of the compartment.
  • an installation for liquefying a gas comprises a closed circuit 1 for a cycle fluid formed of a refrigerant mixture, or cycle mixture, incorporating hydrocarbons from C 1 to C 4 and, where appropriate, nitrogen, with essentially a cycle compressor 2 with two stages 3 and 4, a conduit 7 for a main cycle fluid under low pressure, or low pressure conduit (refrigerant) , leading to stage 3 of compressor 2, a pipe for a high pressure cycle fluid 5, or high pressure pipe (circulating), an expansion valve 6, a bypass pipe 8 for a secondary cycle fluid derived from the liquid and medium pressure state at the base of a medium pressure separator 9 interposed between the two compression stages 3 and 4, and a bypass duct 10 for a secondary cycle fluid withdrawn in the liquid state and under high pressure at the base of an 11 pl high pressure separator acé at the outlet of the high pressure stage 4, these secondary fluid bypass ducts of cycle 8 and 9 each having a first section under pressure (circulating) 12 and 13, respectively under medium
  • the main cycle fluid in the low pressure conduit 7 causes the cooling to liquefaction of a gas to be liquefied flowing in a conduit 18 and also the cooling of the main cycle fluid under high pressure in the duct 5, as well as the sub-cooling of the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid cycle state in the first sections under medium pressure 12 and under high pressure 13.
  • each heat exchange module 21 forms, in the example described,.
  • compartments 22 to 31 also have in (or in the vicinity of) their lower or “cold” end bars 91 "low” or “cold” windows, each opening into three boxes 36, 37 and 38, namely a box of outlet of liquefied natural gas 36, one can e outlet of the cycle fluid under high pressure 37 and a double inlet box of the main cycle fluid under low pressure 38.
  • the compartment 22 opens by a "hot" window 22a (zone hatched) in the inlet box of the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid state and at medium pressure 32, the compartments 23, 25, 27 and 29, and 31 opening out through “hot” windows 23a, 25a, 27a, 29a , 31a in the low-pressure cycle fluid outlet box 35, the compartments 24 and 28 opening through “hot” windows 24a and 28a in the high-pressure cycle fluid inlet box 33 and the compartments 26 and 30 opening out through "hot” windows at 26a and 30a into the natural gas inlet box 34.
  • a "hot” window 22a zone hatched in the inlet box of the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid state and at medium pressure 32
  • the compartments 23, 25, 27 and 29, and 31 opening out through "hot” windows 23a, 25a, 27a, 29a , 31a in the low-pressure cycle fluid outlet box 35
  • the compartments 24 and 28 opening through “hot” windows 24a and 28a in the high-pressure cycle fluid inlet box 33
  • the compartments 26 and 30
  • the compartments 22, 26 and 30 are each partitioned by two transverse bars 40, 41, 42 and 43, 44, 45 located two di f levels - ferent longitudinal or temperature, (1a bar 40 being at a level higher than the bars 41 and 42, while the bars 43, 44 and 45 are all at the same level), with care, between these levels, an intermediate zone, called the addition zone 46, thus defining, in the compartments 22, 26, 30 and in extension of one another, a section of compartment "high” (or "hot”) ) respectively 50, 51, 52, the compartment section 50 being shorter than the compartment sections 51 and 52, a compartment section "low” (or “cold”) respectively 53, 54, 55 all of equal length and an intermediate compartment section 56, 57, 58 respectively.
  • the section of "hot” compartment 50 opens downwards through a side window 50b into an outlet box for cycle fluid in the liquid state at medium pressure 60, while the sections of "hot” compartment 51 and 52 open towards the bottom and through side windows 51b and 52b in a natural gas outlet manifold 61 disposed just below the outlet box 60.
  • the "bottom" compartment sections 53, 54 and 55 open at 53a, 54a, 55a upwards in an iatural gas inlet box 62.
  • the intermediate compartment sections 56, 57, 58 communicate by double side windows 56a, 56h; 57a, 57b, 58a, 58b both upwards and downwards with a separating box 63 connected by the pipe 16 incorporating the valve 14, to the outlet box for the secondary cycle fluid 60, and these intermediate sections 56, 37, 58 have walls 66 and 67, adjacent to the low pressure compartments 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 which are provided with a plurality of perforations 68 regularly distributed over the entire width between a high level N 1 and a low level N 2 of less vertical extension than the height of the clearance, or addition zone 46.
  • the compartments 24 and 28 opening at 24b and 28b in the high pressure outlet box 37 Towards the bottom, i.e. towards the cold end 91, from the low pressure compartments 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 open at 23b, 25b, 27b, 29b and 31b in the low pressure inlet box 38, the compartments 24 and 28 opening at 24b and 28b in the high pressure outlet box 37, on the other hand the sections of the compartments 53, 54 and 55 open at 53b, 54b, 55b in the natural gas outlet box 36.
  • the conduit for the main cycle fluid under low pressure 7 incorporates a plurality (equal to five times the number of modules 21) of heat exchange passages formed by the compartments such as 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 from feeding from the "cold" inlet box 38 to the evacuation by the "hot” outlet box 35;
  • the conduit for the high pressure cycle fluid 5 incorporates a plurality (equal to twice the number of modules 21) of heat exchange passages formed by the compartments such as 24 and 28 from the supply by the inlet box "hot” 33 to the cold outlet box 37
  • the liquefied gas conduit 18 incorporates on the one hand the "high” or “hot” compartment sections such as the two compartment sections 51 and 52 and the sections of "low” or “cold” compartment such as 53, 54 and 55 between the inlet box 34 and the outlet box 36.
  • modules such as 21, are supplied at the location of their compartment section 50 by the medium pressure cycle fluid 8 by means of the inlet box 32, while other modules such as 21 ', of identical construction to that of the modules 21, (on the right in FIG. 1) are supplied in the same way, except for the section of high or "hot" compartment 50 ′ (homologous to the section of high or hot compartment 50 of the modules 21) which is fed by the window 22'a and the collector 32 'by the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid state and under high pressure 10, the two medium pressure cycle fluids 8 and highêt- s ion then being 10 each relaxed one by the valve 14, the other by the valve 15, at the same pressure, equal to the low cycle pressure, before being introduced into the common separator box 63.
  • the expansion of the high pressure fluid at the location of the valve 6 generally has the effect of creating a two-phase mixture and the reinjection of the low pressure main cycle fluid at the cold end 91 of the exchanger 20 must take place through a separator 80, a conduit for a liquid fraction 81 and a conduit for a vapor fraction 82 leading to the double inlet box 38 via means known per se for recombining the liquid and vapor phases.
  • the intermediate addition zone 46 comprising the sections of the compartments 56, 57, 58 for receiving the expanded secondary cycle fluid (8 and 10) has, on both sides and d other of the transverse row - along the width (T 2 ) - of orifices 68, flow waves 101 - 102 associated respectively with "liquid” 103 and "vapor" zones 104, each comprising essentially two distributing waves 105 and 106, 105 'and 106', the waves 106 to 1 06 'leading respectively by 56a windows, 56b (57a, 57b) (58a, 58b) at points "low” and "high” of the separator box 63.
  • the heat exchanger 110 here comprises a plurality of compartments for a cycle fluid under high pressure 111 extending right through and without interruption from a hot end 112 to a cold end 113 of the exchanger 110 and a plurality of compartments for a liquefied gas 114 extending from the hot end 11 2 to the cold end 113, with, in an intermediate zone 115, extraction at 116, separation of the heavy in 117 and reintroduction of the vapor fraction in 118.
  • the compartments for the main fluid of low pressure cycle 120 extend only over a limited part (L 1 ) of the length (L) of the exchanger 110 in the extension of the compartment sections serving also to transport the primary cycle fluid 119.
  • the secondary cycle fluid 121 is also reintroduced into a combined addition zone with ec the heavy extraction zone 115, in the same way as described with reference to FIG. 1, but here, since there is no section compartment for the sub-cooling of the secondary cycle fluid (121) the gas to be liquefied is reintroduced only in the downstream compartment sections 114a extending the upstream compartment sections 114b, located on the other side of the addition zone- extraction 115.
  • the addition of the secondary cycle fluid 121 takes place directly in the compartments for the main cycle fluid under low pressure 120 - for example as described in FIG. 5 via one or more tubes 122 with distributed perforations 123, extending over the entire width T 2 of the exchanger, preferably, for each compartment, a "vapor" tube in the high position 122 'and a “liquid” tube in the low position 122 “connected respectively by inlet boxes 124 and 125 at the top and bottom points of a separator 126, or as described in FIGS.
  • a liquefaction installation comprises a battery of exchangers 140, 140 ', 140 "mounted in parallel and comprising a plurality of longitudinal compartments 141, 141', 141" for a cycle fluid under high pressure 142, a plurality of longitudinal compartments 143, 143 ', 143 "for a low pressure cycle fluid 144, with individual reinjection at the cold end of each exchanger 140, 140', 140" via an expansion valve 145, 145 ', 145 ", a separator 146, 146', 146".
  • Two secondary cycle fluids 147 and 148 are also available here, taken in the liquid state at the bottom of the separators 149 and 150 at the outlet of the compression stage.
  • the secondary cycle fluids 147 and 148 are sub-cooled in an auxiliary exchanger 153 and from there expanded in 154 and 155 at low pressure and separated into two partial liquid streams 156 and 157, the partial stream 156 being directed as a fluid refrigerant in the auxiliary exchanger 153, while the partial current 157 is separated into as many subdivided currents 158, 158 ', 158 "as there are exchangers 140, 140', 140" ... and assistant, in the intermediate zones of said exchangers, individually to each of the main cycle fluids under low pressure 143, 1431, 143 ".
  • FIG. 9 there is a battery of several exchangers, for example three, 161, 162, 163 of which one 161 is intended for cooling the gas to be liquefied 164 and of which the other two 162 and 163 are used for cooling cycle fluid under high pressure 165 subdivided for this purpose into two streams 165 'and 165 ", and this by means of three streams of cycle fluid - main low pressure 166, 166', 166" from the two streams of fluid cycle under high pressure 165 'and 165 "relaxed in 167, 168 in a separator 169 from which three partial liquid streams 170, 170' and 170 '' and three partial gas streams 171, 171 ', 171" are derived 170 and 171, 170 'and 171', 170 "and 171” being recombined at the cold end of the exchangers 161, 162, 163 to form the three main cycle fluids under low pressure 166, 166 ', 166 "...

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

Method and apparatus for liquefying a gas such as natural gas, utilizing at least one cycle fluid comprising a refrigerating mixture, with at least one first principal cycle fluid under a low pressure in countercurrent heat exchange with the gas which is to be liquefied and with at least one second principal cycle fluid under a high pressure. At least one secondary cycle fluid is obtained by withdrawing a portion in liquid phase from the refrigerating mixture at the high pressure and is expanded to the low pressure and is then added to the first principal cycle fluid. The heat exchange takes place in at least one heat exchanger comprising a stack of plates which form uninterrupted longitudinal compartments forming passages for the first principal cycle fluid under a low pressure, these compartments extending from the cold end of the exchanger, and a plurality of longitudinal compartments forming passages for at least one of the second principal cycle fluid and the fluid to be liquefied, these latter compartments extending to the cold end of the exchanger. The addition of the secondary fluid to the first principal fluid takes place in a distributed manner into each low pressure compartment in at least one transverse volume extending along the thickness of the exchanger, this volume being located at heat exchange distance from the inlets and outlets of the compartments forming passages for the first principal fluid under low pressure.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de liquéfaction d'un gaz, tel le- gaz naturel, mettant en oeuvre un fluide de cycle à mélange réfrigérant, avec au moins un fluide de cycle principal sous une pression dite basse pression frigorigène, en échange thermique à contre-courant d'une part avec un fluide à liquéfier calorigène, d'autre part avec au moins un fluide de cycle principal calorigène, sous une pression dite haute pression, avec adjonction à un dit fluide de cycle principal sous une pression basse et à une température intermédiaire de réchauffement d'au moins un fluide de cycle secondaire obtenu par dérivation d'une partie à l'état liquide dudit mélange réfrigérant à une pression supérieure à sa basse pression, qui est détendu à une basse pression avant ladite adjonction. Dans des réalisations connues de ce procédé, on a toujours utilisé des échangeurs du type bobiné, placés en ligne permettant les extractions et adjonctions de fluide à l'extrémité froide de chaque échangeur. Cependant, la redistribution des fluides sous basse pression nécessite des dispositions relativement complexes et en tout cas très coûteuses. Au contraire, les échangeurs du type à empilage de plaques et barres-entretoises formant :

  • - au moins une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux ininterrompus formant passages pour un tel fluide de cycle principal sous une basse pression, les dits compartiments s'étendant depuis une extrémité froide dudit échangeur;
  • - au moins une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux formant passages pour au moins un des fluides suivants, à savoir au moins un tel fluide de cycle principal sous une haute pression et ledit fluide à liquéfier, les dits compartiments aboutissant à une extrémité froide dudit échangeur,

sont de réalisation peu coûteuse, mais également ici on est amené à prévoir plusieurs échangeurs en ligne, pour la réintroduction des fluides secondaires. C'est la raison pour laquelle, lorsqu'on a décidé, pour limiter les frais, de ne mettre en oeuvre qu'un échangeur unique assurant seul la liquéfaction du gaz traité, on a été amené à choisir un procédé simplifié sans formation de fluide de cycle secondaire nécessitant des réintroductions, mais la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé est assez onéreuse, car scn énergie spécifique est élevée.The present invention relates to a process for liquefying a gas, such as natural gas, using a cycle fluid with a refrigerant mixture, with at least one main cycle fluid under a pressure known as low refrigerant pressure, in heat exchange at countercurrent on the one hand with a circulating fluid to circulate, on the other hand with at least one circulating main cycle fluid, under a pressure called high pressure, with addition to a said main cycle fluid under low pressure and at an intermediate temperature for heating at least one secondary cycle fluid obtained by bypassing a portion in the liquid state of said refrigerant mixture at a pressure higher than its low pressure, which is expanded to a low pressure before said addition. In known embodiments of this process, exchangers of the wound type have always been used, placed in line allowing the extractions and additions of fluid to the cold end of each exchanger. However, the redistribution of fluids under low pressure requires relatively complex arrangements and in any case very expensive. On the contrary, exchangers of the stacked type of plates and spacer bars forming:
  • - At least a plurality of uninterrupted longitudinal compartments forming passages for such a main cycle fluid under low pressure, the said compartments extending from a cold end of said exchanger;
  • at least a plurality of longitudinal compartments forming passages for at least one of the following fluids, namely at least one such main cycle fluid under high pressure and said fluid to be liquefied, said compartments ending in a cold end of said exchanger,

are inexpensive to produce, but also here it is necessary to provide several exchangers in line, for the reintroduction of secondary fluids. This is the reason why, when it was decided, in order to limit the costs, to use only a single exchanger ensuring alone the liquefaction of the treated gas, we were led to choose a simplified process without formation of fluid. secondary cycle requiring reintroductions, but the implementation of such a process is quite expensive, because scn specific energy is high.

L'invention a pour objet un procédé de liquéfaction qui présente à la fois les avantages d'un échangeur de ligne unique pour tout le gradient de température jusqu'à la liquéfaction du gaz à traiter et d'un procédé mettant en oeuvre au moins une dérivation et réintroduction d'un fluide de cycle secondaire. Selon l'invention, le procédé du type rappelé ci-dessus est caractérisé en ce que ledit échange thermique s'effectue dans un échangeur du type à empilage de plaques avec barres entretoises, formant :

  • - au moins une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux ininterrompus formant passages pour un tel fluide de cycle principal sous une basse pression, les dits compartiments s'étendant depuis une extrémité froide dudit échangeur;
  • - au moins une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux formant passages pour au moins un des fluides suivants, à savoir au moins un tel fluide de cycle principal sous une haute pression et ledit fluide à liquéfier, les dits compartiments aboutissant à une extrémité froide dudit échangeur ;
  • - ladite adjonction d'un fluide secondaire à un fluide principal s'effectuant de façon répartie dans chaque compartiment basse pression en au moins une zone transversale s'étendant selon l'épaisseur de l'échangeur et située à distance d'échange thermique des entrées et sorties des dits compartiments formant passages pour un fluide principal sous une basse pression.
The subject of the invention is a liquefaction process which has both the advantages of a single line exchanger for the entire temperature gradient up to the liquefaction of the gas to be treated and of a process using at least one bypass and reintroduction of a secondary cycle fluid. According to the invention, the method of the type recalled above is characterized in that said heat exchange takes place in an exchanger of the plate stacking type with spacer bars, forming:
  • - At least a plurality of uninterrupted longitudinal compartments forming passages for such a main cycle fluid under a low pressure, said compartments extending from a cold end of said exchanger;
  • - At least a plurality of longitudinal compartments forming passages for at least one of the following fluids, namely at least one such main cycle fluid under high pressure and said fluid to be liquefied, said compartments ending in a cold end of said exchanger;
  • - Said addition of a secondary fluid to a main fluid being carried out in a distributed manner in each low pressure compartment in at least one transverse zone extending along the thickness of the exchanger and located at a heat exchange distance from the inlets and outlets of said compartments forming passages for a main fluid under low pressure.

Un échangeur selon l'invention utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus est du type compact, à plaques brasées sur barres-entretoises formant une pluralité de compartiments plats de forme générale rectangulaire empilés selon une direction transversale dite d'épaisseur d'échangeur, et ayant une autre dimension transversale, ou largeur d'échangeur, et une dimension longitudinale ou longueur d'échangeur, caractérisé en ce qu'une pluralité de compartiments démunis de toute paroi transversale , adjacents individuellement à au moins une autre pluralité de compartiments est équi- pée, outre les moyens d'entrée et sortie, de moyens d'admission intermédiaire entre les dits moyens d'entrée - sortie débouchant latéralement à l'échangeur le long d'une même zone intermédiaire de la longueur d'échangeur et comportant, pour chaque compartiment, des moyens de distribution répartis sur toute la largeur de compartiment.A heat exchanger according to the invention used for implementing the above process is of the compact type, with brazed plates on spacer bars forming a plurality of flat compartments of generally rectangular shape stacked in a transverse direction called thickness of exchanger, and having another transverse dimension, or width of exchanger, and a longitudinal dimension or length of exchanger, characterized in that a plurality of compartments devoid of any transverse wall, individually adjacent to at least one other plurality of compartments is é q ui- pée, in addition to input means and output of intermediate admission means between said input means - outlet opening laterally to the heat exchanger along the same intermediate zone of the length of exchanger and comprising, for each compartment, distribution means distributed over the entire width of the compartment.

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de.la description qui suit dans laquelle :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un échangeur selon l'invention;
  • - les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues en coupe selon II-II et III-III des figures 1 et 2;
  • - les figures 4 et 5 d'une part et les figures 6 et 7 d'autre part sont des vues en coupe transversale de deux variantes de réalisation.
  • - les figures 8 et 9 sont des vues schématiques d'une installation selon l'invention mettant en oeuvre une batterie d'échangeurs.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent during the following description, in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a perspective view of an exchanger according to the invention;
  • - Figures 2 and 3 are sectional views along II-II and III-III of Figures 1 and 2;
  • - Figures 4 and 5 on the one hand and Figures 6 and 7 on the other hand are cross-sectional views of two alternative embodiments.
  • - Figures 8 and 9 are schematic views of an installation according to the invention using a battery of exchangers.

En se référant aux figures 1, 2 et 3, une installation de liquéfaction d'un gaz (par exemple du gaz naturel) comprend un circuit fermé 1 pour un fluide de cycle formé d'un mélange réfrigérant, ou mélange de cycle, incorporant des hydrocarbures de C1 à C4 et le cas échéant de l'azote, avec essentiellement un compresseur de cycle 2 à deux étages 3 et 4, un conduit 7 pour un fluide de cycle principal sous basse pression, ou conduit basse pression (frigorigène), aboutissant à l'étage 3 du compresseur 2, un conduit pour un fluide de cycle sous haute pression 5, ou conduit haute pression (calorigène), une vanne de détente 6, un conduit de dérivation 8 pour un fluide de cycle secondaire dérivé à l'état liquide et sous moyenne pression à la base d'un séparateur moyenne pression 9 intercalé entre les deux étages de compression 3 et 4, et un conduit de dérivation 10 pour un fluide de cycle secondaire prélevé à l'état liquide et sous haute pression à la base d'un séparateur haute pression 11 placé à la sortie de l'étage haute pression 4, ces conduits de dérivation de fluide secondaire de cycle 8 et 9 ayant chacun une première section sous pression (calorigène) 12 et 13, respectivement sous moyenne pression et sous haute pression, et, au-delà de deux vannes de détente 14 et 15, une seconde section sous basse pression 16, aboutissant directement dans le conduit 7 pour le fluide principal de cycle sous basse pression.Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, an installation for liquefying a gas (for example natural gas) comprises a closed circuit 1 for a cycle fluid formed of a refrigerant mixture, or cycle mixture, incorporating hydrocarbons from C 1 to C 4 and, where appropriate, nitrogen, with essentially a cycle compressor 2 with two stages 3 and 4, a conduit 7 for a main cycle fluid under low pressure, or low pressure conduit (refrigerant) , leading to stage 3 of compressor 2, a pipe for a high pressure cycle fluid 5, or high pressure pipe (circulating), an expansion valve 6, a bypass pipe 8 for a secondary cycle fluid derived from the liquid and medium pressure state at the base of a medium pressure separator 9 interposed between the two compression stages 3 and 4, and a bypass duct 10 for a secondary cycle fluid withdrawn in the liquid state and under high pressure at the base of an 11 pl high pressure separator acé at the outlet of the high pressure stage 4, these secondary fluid bypass ducts of cycle 8 and 9 each having a first section under pressure (circulating) 12 and 13, respectively under medium pressure and under high pressure, and, at -beyond two expansion valves 14 and 15, a second section under low pressure 16, leading directly into the conduit 7 for the main cycle fluid under low pressure.

Dz.ns l'exemple décrit, le fluide de cycle principal dans le conduit basse pression 7 provoque le refroidissement jusqu'à liquéfaction d'un gaz à liquéfier circulant dans un conduit 18 et également le refroidissement du fluide de cycle principal sous haute pression dans le conduit 5, ainsi que le sous-refroidissement du fluide de cycle secondaire à l'état liquide de cycle dans les premières sections sous moyenne pression 12 et sous haute pression 13.In the example described, the main cycle fluid in the low pressure conduit 7 causes the cooling to liquefaction of a gas to be liquefied flowing in a conduit 18 and also the cooling of the main cycle fluid under high pressure in the duct 5, as well as the sub-cooling of the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid cycle state in the first sections under medium pressure 12 and under high pressure 13.

Comme on le voit, l'ensemble de ces opérations de refroidissement ou plus généralement de transfert thermique s'effectue dans un même échangeur de chaleur 20, du type à plaques brasées et constitué d'une pluralité de modules, dont l'un est représenté en détails en 21.à la figure 1 et qui sont disposés côte à côte.Chaque module d'échange thermique 21 forme, dans l'exemple décrit,. un empilage selon une direction transversale (T1) de dix compartiments plats de forme rectangulaire selon une deuxième direction transversale, ou largeur (T 2), et une direction longitudinale (L), désignés par les chiffres 22 à 31, tous comprenant aux extrémités longitudinales dans, (ou au voisinage de), leurs barres d'extrémité supérieures ou "chaudes" 90 des fenêtres "chaudes", chacune débouchant dans une des quatre boîtes 32 à 35, à savoir une boite d'entrée du fluide de cycle secondaire à l'état liquide et sous moyenne pression 32, une boîte d'entrée du fluide de cycle principal sous haute pression 33, une boîte d'entrée du gaz naturel 34, une boîte de sortie du fluide de cycle principal basse pression 35. Les compartiments 22 à 31 présentent également dans (ou au voisinage de) leurs barres d'extrémité inférieures ou "froides" 91 des fenêtres "basses" ou "froides", chacune débouchant dans trois boîtes 36, 37 et 38, à savoir une boîte de sortie du gaz naturel liquéfié 36, une boite de sortie du fluide de cycle sous haute pression 37 et une boite double d'entrée du fluide de cycle principal sous basse pression 38.As can be seen, all of these cooling or more generally heat transfer operations are carried out in the same heat exchanger 20, of the brazed plate type and consisting of a plurality of modules, one of which is shown. in detail in 21. in FIG. 1 and which are arranged side by side. Each heat exchange module 21 forms, in the example described,. a stack in a transverse direction (T 1 ) of ten flat compartments of rectangular shape in a second transverse direction, or width (T 2), and a longitudinal direction (L), designated by the numbers 22 to 31, all comprising at the ends longitudinal in, (or in the vicinity of), their upper or "hot" end bars 90 of the "hot" windows, each opening into one of the four boxes 32 to 35, namely a secondary cycle fluid inlet box in the liquid state and under medium pressure 32, an inlet box for the main cycle fluid under high pressure 33, a natural gas inlet box 34, an outlet box for the low pressure main cycle fluid 35. compartments 22 to 31 also have in (or in the vicinity of) their lower or "cold" end bars 91 "low" or "cold" windows, each opening into three boxes 36, 37 and 38, namely a box of outlet of liquefied natural gas 36, one can e outlet of the cycle fluid under high pressure 37 and a double inlet box of the main cycle fluid under low pressure 38.

.Ainsi, pour le module 21, et en partant de la gauche vers la droite de la figure, vers le haut, (ou du côté de l'extrémité chaude 90) le compartiment 22 s'ouvre par une fenêtre "chaude" 22a (zone hachurée) dans la boîte d'entrée du fluide de cycle secondaire à l'état liquide et sous moyenne pression 32, les compartiments 23, 25, 27 et 29, et 31 débouchant par des fenêtres "chaudes" 23a, 25a, 27a, 29a, 31a dans la boîte de sortie du fluide de cycle basse pression 35, les compartiments 24 et 28 s'ouvrant par des fenêtres "chaudes" 24a et 28a dans la boîte d'entrée de fluide de cycle sous haute pression 33 et les compartiments 26 et 30 débouchant par des fenêtres "chaudes" en 26a et 30a dans la boite d'entrée de gaz naturel 34. . Thus, for the module 21, and starting from the left towards the right of the figure, upwards (or on the side of the hot end 90) the compartment 22 opens by a "hot" window 22a (zone hatched) in the inlet box of the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid state and at medium pressure 32, the compartments 23, 25, 27 and 29, and 31 opening out through "hot" windows 23a, 25a, 27a, 29a , 31a in the low-pressure cycle fluid outlet box 35, the compartments 24 and 28 opening through "hot" windows 24a and 28a in the high-pressure cycle fluid inlet box 33 and the compartments 26 and 30 opening out through "hot" windows at 26a and 30a into the natural gas inlet box 34.

A une certaine distance de l'extrémité chaude 90 de l'échangeur et également à distance de l'extrémité froide 91, les compartiments 22, 26 et 30 sont cloisonnés chacun par deux barres transversales 40, 41, 42 et 43, 44, 45 situées à deux niveaux dif- férents longitudinaux ou de température,(1a barre 40 étant à un niveau plus haut que les barres 41 et 42, tandis que les barres 43, 44 et 45 sont toutes au même niveau), avec ménagement, entre ces niveaux, d'une zone intermédiaire, dite zone d'adjonction 46, définissant ainsi, dans les compartiments 22, 26, 30 et en prolongement l'une de l'autre, un tronçon de compartiment "haut" (ou "chaud") respectivement 50, 51, 52, le tronçon de compartiment 50 étant moins long que les tronçons de compartiments 51 et 52, un tronçon de compartiment "bas" (ou "froid") respectivement 53, 54, 55 tous d'égales longueurs et un tronçon de compartiment intermédiaire respectivement 56, 57, 58.At a certain distance from the hot end 90 of the exchanger and also at a distance from the cold end 91, the compartments 22, 26 and 30 are each partitioned by two transverse bars 40, 41, 42 and 43, 44, 45 located two di f levels - ferent longitudinal or temperature, (1a bar 40 being at a level higher than the bars 41 and 42, while the bars 43, 44 and 45 are all at the same level), with care, between these levels, an intermediate zone, called the addition zone 46, thus defining, in the compartments 22, 26, 30 and in extension of one another, a section of compartment "high" (or "hot") ) respectively 50, 51, 52, the compartment section 50 being shorter than the compartment sections 51 and 52, a compartment section "low" (or "cold") respectively 53, 54, 55 all of equal length and an intermediate compartment section 56, 57, 58 respectively.

Le tronçon de compartiment "chaud" 50 débouche vers le bas par une fenêtre latérale 50b dans une boite de sortie de fluide de cycle à l'état liquide sous moyenne pression 60, tandis que les tronçons de compartiment "chauds" 51 et 52 débouchent vers le bas et par des fenêtres latérales 51b et 52b dans un collecteur de sortie de gaz naturel 61 disposé juste en dessous de la boîte de sortie 60.The section of "hot" compartment 50 opens downwards through a side window 50b into an outlet box for cycle fluid in the liquid state at medium pressure 60, while the sections of "hot" compartment 51 and 52 open towards the bottom and through side windows 51b and 52b in a natural gas outlet manifold 61 disposed just below the outlet box 60.

Les tronçons de compartiment "bas" 53, 54 et 55 débouchent en 53a, 54a, 55a vers le haut dans une boîte d'entrée de gaz iaturel 62.The "bottom" compartment sections 53, 54 and 55 open at 53a, 54a, 55a upwards in an iatural gas inlet box 62.

Les tronçons de compartiment intermédiaires 56, 57, 58 communiquent par des fenêtres latérales doubles 56a, 56h; 57a, 57b, 58a, 58b à la fois vers le haut et vers le bas avec une boîte-sépara- t-ice 63 raccordée par la canalisation 16 incorporant la vanne 14, à la boite de sortie du fluide de cycle secondaire 60, et ces tronçons intermédiaires 56, 37, 58 ont des parois 66 et 67, adjacentes aux compartiments basse pression 23, 25, 27, 29 et 31 qui sont pourvues d'ine pluralité de perforations 68 régulièrement réparties sur toute la largeur entre un niveau haut N1 et un niveau bas N2 de moindre extension verticale que la hauteur du dégagement, ou zone d'adjonction 46.The intermediate compartment sections 56, 57, 58 communicate by double side windows 56a, 56h; 57a, 57b, 58a, 58b both upwards and downwards with a separating box 63 connected by the pipe 16 incorporating the valve 14, to the outlet box for the secondary cycle fluid 60, and these intermediate sections 56, 37, 58 have walls 66 and 67, adjacent to the low pressure compartments 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 which are provided with a plurality of perforations 68 regularly distributed over the entire width between a high level N 1 and a low level N 2 of less vertical extension than the height of the clearance, or addition zone 46.

Vers le bas, c'est-à-dire vers l'extrémité froide 91, d ine part les compartiments basse pression 23, 25, 27, 29 et 31 s'ouvrent en 23b, 25b, 27b, 29b et 31b dans la boîte d'entrée basse pression 38, les compartiments 24 et 28 débouchant en 24b et 28b dans la boite de sortie haute pression 37, d'autre part les tronçons des compartiments 53, 54 et 55 débouchent en 53b, 54b, 55b dans la boîte de sortie de gaz naturel 36.Towards the bottom, i.e. towards the cold end 91, from the low pressure compartments 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 open at 23b, 25b, 27b, 29b and 31b in the low pressure inlet box 38, the compartments 24 and 28 opening at 24b and 28b in the high pressure outlet box 37, on the other hand the sections of the compartments 53, 54 and 55 open at 53b, 54b, 55b in the natural gas outlet box 36.

Ainsi, le conduit pour le fluide de cycle principal sous basse pression 7 incorpore une pluralité (égale à cinq fois le nombre de modules 21) de passages d'échange thermique formés par les compartiments tels que 23, 25, 27,29 et 31 depuis l'alimentation à partir de la boîte d'entrée "froide" 38 jusqu'à l'évacuation par la boite de sortie "chaude" 35; le conduit pour le fluide de cycle sous haute pression 5 incorpore une pluralité (égale à deux fois le nombre de modules 21) de passages d'échange thermique formés par les compartiments tels que 24 et 28 depuis l'alimentation par la boîte d'entrée "chaude" 33 jusqu'à la boîte de sortie froide 37, et le conduit de gaz à liquéfier 18 incorpore d'une part les tronçons de compartiment "hauts" ou "chauds" tels que les deux tronçons de compartiment 51 et 52 et les tronçons de compartiment "bas" ou "froid" tels que 53, 54 et 55 entre la boîte d'entrée 34 et la boîte de sortie 36. Avantageusement, entre les boîtes de sortie 61 et d'entrée ô2-est aménagé un séparateur de phases 70 avec extraction, en 71, de la fraction liquide formée des condensats "lourds" indésirables, tandis que la fraction gazeuse 72 est réintroduite en 62.Thus, the conduit for the main cycle fluid under low pressure 7 incorporates a plurality (equal to five times the number of modules 21) of heat exchange passages formed by the compartments such as 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 from feeding from the "cold" inlet box 38 to the evacuation by the "hot" outlet box 35; the conduit for the high pressure cycle fluid 5 incorporates a plurality (equal to twice the number of modules 21) of heat exchange passages formed by the compartments such as 24 and 28 from the supply by the inlet box "hot" 33 to the cold outlet box 37, and the liquefied gas conduit 18 incorporates on the one hand the "high" or "hot" compartment sections such as the two compartment sections 51 and 52 and the sections of "low" or "cold" compartment such as 53, 54 and 55 between the inlet box 34 and the outlet box 36. Advantageously, between the outlet boxes 61 and the inlet 2-is arranged a separator of phases 70 with extraction, in 71, of the liquid fraction formed of undesirable "heavy" condensates, while the gaseous fraction 72 is reintroduced in 62.

Certains modules, tels que 21, sont alimentés à l'endroit de leur tronçon de compartiment 50 par le fluide de cycle sous moyenne pression 8 au moyen de la boite d'entrée 32, tandis que d'autres modules tels que 21', de construction identique à celle des modules 21, (à droite sur la figure 1) sont alimentés de la même façon, à l'exception du tronçon de compartiment haut ou "chaud" 50' (homologue au tronçon de compartiment haut ou chaud 50 des modules 21) qui est alimenté par la fenêtre 22'a et le collecteur 32' par le fluide de cycle secondaire à l'état liquide et sous haute pression 10, les deux fluides de cycle moyenne pression 8 et haute pres- sion 10 étant ensuite chacun détendu l'un par la vanne 14, l'autre par la vanne 15, à la même pression, égale à la basse pression de cycle, avant d'être introduits dans la boîte-séparatrice commune 63.Some modules, such as 21, are supplied at the location of their compartment section 50 by the medium pressure cycle fluid 8 by means of the inlet box 32, while other modules such as 21 ', of identical construction to that of the modules 21, (on the right in FIG. 1) are supplied in the same way, except for the section of high or "hot" compartment 50 ′ (homologous to the section of high or hot compartment 50 of the modules 21) which is fed by the window 22'a and the collector 32 'by the secondary cycle fluid in the liquid state and under high pressure 10, the two medium pressure cycle fluids 8 and high près- s ion then being 10 each relaxed one by the valve 14, the other by the valve 15, at the same pressure, equal to the low cycle pressure, before being introduced into the common separator box 63.

On note également que la détente du fluide à haute pression à l'endroit de la vanne 6 a généralement pour effet de créer un mélange diphasique et la réinjection du fluide de cycle principal basse pression à l'extrémité froide 91 de l'échangeur 20 doit s'effectuer par un séparateur 80, un conduit pour une fraction liquide 81 et un conduit pour une fraction vapeur 82 aboutissant à la boite d'entrée double 38 via des moyens connus en soi de recombinaison des phases liquide et vapeur.It is also noted that the expansion of the high pressure fluid at the location of the valve 6 generally has the effect of creating a two-phase mixture and the reinjection of the low pressure main cycle fluid at the cold end 91 of the exchanger 20 must take place through a separator 80, a conduit for a liquid fraction 81 and a conduit for a vapor fraction 82 leading to the double inlet box 38 via means known per se for recombining the liquid and vapor phases.

Ainsi, on peut résumer maintenant les différents circuits:

  • - le conduit pour un fluide de cycle haute pression 5 comprend dans l'échangeur 20, une paire de boîtes d'extrémité 33, 37 de part et d'autre d'une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux tels 24 et 28 s'étendant pratiquement de part en part sur toute la hauteur de l'échangeur 20.
  • - le conduit pour un fluide de cycle basse pression 7 comprend dans l'échangeur 20 une paire de boîtes d'extrémité 35, 38, de part et d'autre d'une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux tels 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 ;
  • - le conduit de fluide de cycle secondaire sous moyenne pression 8 comprend, dans les modules 21,-une partie amont sous ladite moyenne pression comprenant une boîte d'entrée haute ou "chaude" 32, une pluralité de tronçons de compartiments "amont" 50, une boîte de sortie intermédiaire 60, une vanne de détente 14 et une partie aval basse pression incorporant le conduit 16 et la boîte séparatrice intermédiaire 63 et une pluralité (identique à la somme des tronçons de compartiments amont 50 et 51, 52) de tronçons de compartiment intermédiaire 56, 57, 58 et des orifices de réinjection 68.
  • - le conduit de fluide de cycle secondaire sous haute pression 10 comprend, dans les modules 21', une partie amont sous ladite haute pression comprenant une boîte d'entrée haute ou "chaude" 32', une pluralité de tronçons de compartiments amont 50', une boîte de sortie intermédiaire 60', une vanne de détente 15 et une partie aval basse pression incorporant le conduit 16 et la boîte-séparatrice intermédiaire 63 et une pluralité (identique à celle de tronçons de compartiments amont 50' et 51', 52' de tronçons de compartiments intermédiaires 56' et des orifices de réinjection 68;
  • - le circuit de gaz naturel 18 comprend, dans l'échangeur 20, une boite d'entrée haute ou "chaude" 34, une pluralité de tronçons de compartiment amont tels que 51 et 52, une boîte de sortie intermédiaire 61, le séparateur 70, une boîte d'entrée intermédiaire 62, et une pluralité (égale à la somme de la pluralité de tronçons de compartiments amont 50 pour le fluide de cycle secondaire sous moyenne pression 8 (ou 50' sous haute pression 10 dans les modules 21') et de la pluralité de tronçons de compartiment amont 51, 52 pour le gaz naturel à liquéfier 18, de tronçons de compartiments aval tels 53, 54, 55, et la boîte de sortie basse ou "froide" 36.
So, we can now summarize the different circuits:
  • - The conduit for a high pressure cycle fluid 5 comprises in the exchanger 20, a pair of end boxes 33, 37 on either side of a plurality of longitudinal compartments such as 24 and 28 extending substantially from right through the whole height of the exchanger 20.
  • the conduit for a low pressure cycle fluid 7 comprises in the exchanger 20 a pair of end boxes 35, 38, on either side of a plurality of longitudinal compartments such as 23, 25, 27, 29, 31;
  • the medium cycle secondary cycle fluid conduit 8 comprises, in the modules 21, an upstream part under said medium pressure comprising a high or "hot" inlet box 32, a plurality of sections of "upstream" compartments 50 , an intermediate outlet box 60, an expansion valve 14 and a low pressure downstream part incorporating the conduit 16 and the intermediate separating box 63 and a plurality (identical to the sum of the sections of upstream compartments 50 and 51, 52) of sections intermediate compartment 56, 57, 58 and re-injection orifices 68.
  • - the high pressure secondary cycle fluid conduit 10 comprises, in the modules 21 ', an upstream part under said high pressure comprising a high or "hot" inlet box 32', a plurality of sections of upstream compartments 50 ' , an intermediate outlet box 60 ', an expansion valve 15 and a low pressure downstream part incorporating the conduit 16 and the intermediate separator box 63 and a plurality (identical to that of sections of upstream compartments 50' and 51 ', 52 ′ of sections of intermediate compartments 56 ′ and reinjection orifices 68;
  • the natural gas circuit 18 comprises, in the exchanger 20, a high or "hot" inlet box 34, a plurality of sections of upstream compartment such as 51 and 52, an intermediate outlet box 61, the separator 70 , an intermediate inlet box 62, and a plurality (equal to the sum of the plurality of sections of upstream compartments 50 for the secondary cycle fluid under medium pressure 8 (or 50 'at high pressure 10 in the modules 21') and of the plurality of upstream compartment sections 51, 52 for the natural gas to be liquefied 18, of downstream compartment sections such as 53, 54, 55, and the low or "cold" outlet box 36.

En se référant plus particulièrement aux figures 2 et 3, on voit que la zone intermédiaire d'adjonction 46 comprenant les tronçons des compartiments 56, 57, 58 de réception du fluide de cycle secondaire détendu (8 et 10) présente, de part et d'autre de la rangée transversale - selon la largeur (T2) - d'orifices 68, des ondes d'écoulement 101 - 102 associées respectivement à des zones "liquide" 103 et "vapeur" 104, comprenant chacune essentiellement deux ondes distributrices 105 et 106, 105' et 106', les ondes 106 et 106' débouchant respectivement par les fenêtres 56a, 56b (57a, 57b) (58a, 58b) en des points "bas" et "haut" de la boite séparatrice 63.Referring more particularly to FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the intermediate addition zone 46 comprising the sections of the compartments 56, 57, 58 for receiving the expanded secondary cycle fluid (8 and 10) has, on both sides and d other of the transverse row - along the width (T 2 ) - of orifices 68, flow waves 101 - 102 associated respectively with "liquid" 103 and "vapor" zones 104, each comprising essentially two distributing waves 105 and 106, 105 'and 106', the waves 106 to 1 06 'leading respectively by 56a windows, 56b (57a, 57b) (58a, 58b) at points "low" and "high" of the separator box 63.

Selon la variante de réalisation représentée à la figure 4, l'échangeur de chaleur 110 comprend ici une pluralité de compartiments pour un fluide de cycle sous haute pression 111 s'étendant de part en part et sans interruption d'une extrémité chaude 112 à une extrémité froide 113 de l'échangeur 110 et une pluralité de compartiments pour un gaz à liquéfier 114 s'étendant de l'extrémité chaude 112 à l'extrémité froide 113, avec, dans une zone intermédiaire 115, extraction en 116, séparation des lourds en 117 et réintroduction de la fraction vapeur en 118. Ici, on dispose d'un cycle frigorigène primaire indépendant 119 et les compartiments pour le fluide principal de cycle basse pression 120 ne s'étendent que sur une partie restreinte (L1) de la longueur (L) de l'échangeur 110 dans le prolongement des tronçons de compartiment servant à véhiculer également le fluide de cycle primaire 119. Le fluide de cycle secondaire 121 est également réintroduit dans une zone d'adjonction confondue avec la zone d'extraction des lourds 115, de la même façon que décrite en référence à la figure 1, mais ici, puisqu'il n'existe pas de tronçon de compartiment pour le sous-refroidissement du fluide de cycle secondaire (121) le gaz à liquéfier est réintroduit seulement dans les tronçons de compartiment aval 114a prolongeant les tronçons de compartiment amont 114b, situés de l'autre côté de la zone d'adjonction-extraction 115.According to the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the heat exchanger 110 here comprises a plurality of compartments for a cycle fluid under high pressure 111 extending right through and without interruption from a hot end 112 to a cold end 113 of the exchanger 110 and a plurality of compartments for a liquefied gas 114 extending from the hot end 11 2 to the cold end 113, with, in an intermediate zone 115, extraction at 116, separation of the heavy in 117 and reintroduction of the vapor fraction in 118. Here, there is an independent primary refrigerant cycle 119 and the compartments for the main fluid of low pressure cycle 120 extend only over a limited part (L 1 ) of the length (L) of the exchanger 110 in the extension of the compartment sections serving also to transport the primary cycle fluid 119. The secondary cycle fluid 121 is also reintroduced into a combined addition zone with ec the heavy extraction zone 115, in the same way as described with reference to FIG. 1, but here, since there is no section compartment for the sub-cooling of the secondary cycle fluid (121) the gas to be liquefied is reintroduced only in the downstream compartment sections 114a extending the upstream compartment sections 114b, located on the other side of the addition zone- extraction 115.

Dans un tel cas, l'adjonction du fluide de cycle secondaire 121 s'effectue directement dans les compartiments pour le fluide de cycle principal sous basse pression 120 - par exemple comme décrit à la figure 5 par l'intermédiaire d'un ou plusieurs tubes 122 à perforations réparties 123,s'étendant sous toute la largeur T2 de l'échangeur, de préférence, pour chaque compartiment, un tube "vapeur" en position haute 122' et un tube "liquide" en position basse 122" raccordés respectivement par des boîtes d'entrée 124 et 125 aux points haut et bas d'un séparateur 126, ou comme décrit aux figures 6 et 7 par des tronçons de compartiments étroits de réinjection 130 ménagés dans une partie de l'épaisseur (T1) des compartiments 131 pour le fluide de cycle principal sous basse pression 120, alimentés par une boite d'entrée basse 133 pour une fraction liquide 134 de ce fluide de cycle secondaire et une boîte d'entrée haute 135 pour une fraction "vapeur" 136 de ce fluide de cycle secondaire, la séparation s'effectuant dans un séparateur de phase 137 alimenté via une vanne de détente 138 par un collecteur 139 pour le f-luide de cycle secondaire sous pression, l'adjonction dans les compartiments 120 s'effectuant par des rangées de perforations 140.In such a case, the addition of the secondary cycle fluid 121 takes place directly in the compartments for the main cycle fluid under low pressure 120 - for example as described in FIG. 5 via one or more tubes 122 with distributed perforations 123, extending over the entire width T 2 of the exchanger, preferably, for each compartment, a "vapor" tube in the high position 122 'and a "liquid" tube in the low position 122 "connected respectively by inlet boxes 124 and 125 at the top and bottom points of a separator 126, or as described in FIGS. 6 and 7 by sections of narrow reinjection compartments 130 formed in part of the thickness (T 1 ) of the compartments 131 for the main cycle fluid under low pressure 120, supplied by a low inlet box 133 for a liquid fraction 134 of this secondary cycle fluid and a high inlet box 135 for a "vapor" fraction 136 of this secondary cycle fluid, sep aration being carried out in a phase separator 137 supplied via an expansion valve 138 by a manifold 139 for the secondary cycle f-luide under pressure, the addition into the compartments 120 being effected by rows of perforations 140.

Selon la variante de réalisation représentée à la figure 8, une installation de liquéfaction comporte une batterie d'échangeurs 140, 140', 140" montés en parallèle et comportant une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux 141, 141', 141" pour un fluide de cycle sous haute pression 142, une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux 143, 143', 143" pour un fluide de cycle sous basse pression 144, avec réinjection individuelle à l'extrémité froide de chaque échangeur 140, 140', 140" via une vanne de détente 145, 145', 145", un séparateur 146, 146', 146". On dispose également ici de deux fluides de cycle secondaire 147 et 148 prélevés à l'état liquide au bas des séparateurs 149 et 150 à la sortie de l'étage de compression moyenne pression 151 et de l'étage haute pression 1.52. Les fluides de cycle secondaire 147 et 148 sont sous-refroidis dans un échangeur auxiliaire 153 et de là détendus en 154 et 155 à la basse pression et séparés en deux courants partiels liquides 156 et 157, le courant partiel 156 étant dirigé à titre de fluide frigorigène dans l'échangeur auxiliaire 153, tandis que le courant partiel 157 est séparé en autant de courants subdivisés 158, 158', 158" qu'il y a d'échangeurs 140, 140', 140" ... et adjoint, dans les zones intermédiaires des dits échangeurs, individuellement à chacun des fluides de cycle principaux sous basse pression 143, 1431, 143".According to the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 8, a liquefaction installation comprises a battery of exchangers 140, 140 ', 140 "mounted in parallel and comprising a plurality of longitudinal compartments 141, 141', 141" for a cycle fluid under high pressure 142, a plurality of longitudinal compartments 143, 143 ', 143 "for a low pressure cycle fluid 144, with individual reinjection at the cold end of each exchanger 140, 140', 140" via an expansion valve 145, 145 ', 145 ", a separator 146, 146', 146". Two secondary cycle fluids 147 and 148 are also available here, taken in the liquid state at the bottom of the separators 149 and 150 at the outlet of the compression stage. medium pressure 151 and the high pressure stage 1 .52. The secondary cycle fluids 147 and 148 are sub-cooled in an auxiliary exchanger 153 and from there expanded in 154 and 155 at low pressure and separated into two partial liquid streams 156 and 157, the partial stream 156 being directed as a fluid refrigerant in the auxiliary exchanger 153, while the partial current 157 is separated into as many subdivided currents 158, 158 ', 158 "as there are exchangers 140, 140', 140" ... and assistant, in the intermediate zones of said exchangers, individually to each of the main cycle fluids under low pressure 143, 1431, 143 ".

Selon la figure 9, on dispose d'une batterie de plusieurs échangeurs, par exemple trois, 161, 162, 163 dont l'un 161, est destiné au refroidissement du gaz à liquéfier 164 et dont les deux autres 162 et 163 servent au refroidissement du fluide de cycle sous haute pression 165 subdivisé à cet effet en deux courants 165' et 165", et cela au moyen de trois courants de fluide de cycles - principaux basse pression 166, 166', 166" issus des deux courants de fluide de cycle sous haute pression 165' et 165" détendu en 167, 168 dans un séparateur 169 à partir duquel sont dérivés trois courants partiels liquides 170, 170' et 170'' et trois courants partiels gazeux 171, 171', 171", les courants 170 et 171, 170' et 171', 170" et 171" étant recombinés à l'extrémité froide des échangeurs 161, 162, 163 pour former les trois fluides de cycle principaux sous basse pression 166, 166', 166"... Des liquides de cycle secondaire 172 et 173 sous moyenne et haute pression occupant des tronçons de compartiment amont 174 et 175 de l'échangeur 166, sont soutirés de l'échangeur 166 en 176 et 177, détendus en 178, 179 à la basse pression et conduits dans un séparateur commun 180 à partir duquel sont soutirés trois courants liquides 181, 181', 181" et trois courants vapeur 182, 182', 182" recombinés deux à deux pour être adjoints respectivement aux trois fluides de cycle principaux 166, 166', 166".According to FIG. 9, there is a battery of several exchangers, for example three, 161, 162, 163 of which one 161 is intended for cooling the gas to be liquefied 164 and of which the other two 162 and 163 are used for cooling cycle fluid under high pressure 165 subdivided for this purpose into two streams 165 'and 165 ", and this by means of three streams of cycle fluid - main low pressure 166, 166', 166" from the two streams of fluid cycle under high pressure 165 'and 165 "relaxed in 167, 168 in a separator 169 from which three partial liquid streams 170, 170' and 170 '' and three partial gas streams 171, 171 ', 171" are derived 170 and 171, 170 'and 171', 170 "and 171" being recombined at the cold end of the exchangers 161, 162, 163 to form the three main cycle fluids under low pressure 166, 166 ', 166 "... Liquids of secondary cycle 172 and 173 under medium and high pressure occupying sections of compartment upstream 174 and 175 of the exchanger 166, are withdrawn from the exchanger 166 at 176 and 177, expanded at 178, 179 at low pressure and led into a common separator 180 from which three liquid streams 181, 181 'are drawn off , 181 "and three vapor streams 182, 182 ', 182" combined two by two to be added to the three main cycle fluids 166, 166', 166 "respectively.

Claims (24)

1. Procédé de liquéfaction d'un gaz, tel le gaz naturel, mettant en oeuvre au moins un fluide de cycle à mélange réfrigérant (1), avec au moins un fluide de cycle principal sous une pression dite basse pression frigorigène (7) (120) (143) (166), en échange thermique à contre-courant d'une part avec un fluide à liquéfier calorigène (18) (114) (159) (164), d'autre .part avec au moins un fluide de cycle principal calorigène sous une pression dite haute pression (5) (111) (142) (165), avec adjonction à un dit fluide de cycle principal sous une pression basse (7) (120) (143) (166) et à une température intermédiaire de réchauffement d'au moins un fluide de cycle secondaire (10) et/ou (8) (121) (158) (181-182) obtenu par dérivation d'une partie à l'état liquide dudit mélange réfrigérant à une pression supérieure à sa basse pression, qui est détendu (14, 15) (138)(154, 155) (178-179) à une basse pression avant ladite adjonction, caractérisé en ce que ledit échange thermique s'effectue dans un échangeur du type à empilage de plaques avec barres-entretoises formant : - de façon connue en soi au moins une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux ininterrompus (23, 25, 27, 29, 31) formant passages pour un tel fluide de cycle principal sous une basse pression (7), les dits compartiments s'étendant depuis une extrémité froide (91) dudit échangeur ; - de façon connue en soi au moins une pluralité de compartiments longitudinaux (24 et 28)/ ; (26 et 30) formant passages pour au moins un des fluides suivants, à savoir au moins un tel fluide de cycle principal sous une haute pression (5) et ledit fluide à liquéfier (18), les dits compartiments (24 et 28)/ ; (26 et 30) aboutissant à une extrémité froide (91) dudit échangeur ; - ladite adjonction d'un fluide secondaire (8 et 10) (121) (158), (181-182) à un fluide principal (7) s'effectuant, de façon connue en soi, de façon répartie dans chaque compartiment basse pression (23-25-27, 29, 31) en au moins une zone transversale (46) (115) s'étendant selon l'épaisseur(T1) de l'échangeur, la dite zone (46) (115) étant située à distance d'échange thermique des entrées ( 23b, 25b, 27b, 29b, 31b) et sorties (23a, 25a, 27a, 29a, 31a) des dits compartiments formant passages pour un fluide principal sous une basse pression (23, 25, 27, 29, 31). 1. Method for liquefying a gas, such as natural gas, using at least one refrigerant-mixing cycle fluid (1), with at least one main cycle fluid under a pressure known as low refrigerant pressure (7) ( 120) (143) (166), in countercurrent heat exchange on the one hand with a circulating liquefying fluid (18) (114) (159) (164), on the other hand with at least one main circulating cycle under so-called high pressure (5) (111) (142) (165), with the addition of a said main cycle fluid under low pressure (7) (120) (143) (166) and a intermediate temperature for reheating at least one secondary cycle fluid (10) and / or (8) (121) (158) (181-182) obtained by derivation of a part in the liquid state of said refrigerant mixture at a pressure higher than its low pressure, which is relaxed (14, 15) (138) (154, 155) (178-179) at a low pressure before said addition, characterized in that said heat exchange takes place in a plate stack type exchanger with spacer bars forming: - in a manner known per se at least a plurality of uninterrupted longitudinal compartments (23, 25, 27, 29, 31) forming passages for such a main cycle fluid under low pressure (7), said compartments extending from a cold end (91) of said exchanger; - In a manner known per se at least a plurality of longitudinal compartments (24 and 28) /; (26 and 30) forming passages for at least one of the following fluids, namely at least one such main cycle fluid under high pressure (5) and said fluid to be liquefied (18), said compartments (24 and 28) / ; (26 and 30) terminating at a cold end (91) of said exchanger; - Said addition of a secondary fluid (8 and 10) (121) (158), (181-182) to a main fluid (7) taking place, in a manner known per se, in a distributed manner in each low pressure compartment (23-25-27, 29, 31) in at least one transverse zone (46) (115) extending along the thickness (T 1 ) of the exchanger, said zone (46) (115) being located at a distance for heat exchange from the inputs (23b, 25b, 27b, 29b, 31b) and outputs (23a, 25a, 27a, 29a, 31a) of said compartments forming passages for a main fluid under low pressure (23, 25, 27, 29, 31). 2. Procédé de liquéfaction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un fluide de cycle principal calorigène sous une haute pression (5) s'écoule, de l'extrémité chaude (90) à l'extrémité froide (91) en totalité et exclusivement dans une pluralité de tels compartiments (24 et 28).2. Liquefaction method according to claim 1, characterized in that a circulating main cycle fluid under high pressure (5) flows from the hot end (90) to the cold end (91) in full and exclusively in a plurality of such compartments (24 and 28). 3. Procédé de liquéfaction selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, du genre où l'on extrait (61) hors de l'échangeur le fluide à liquéfier (18) où l'on réintroduit (62) dans ledit échangeur au moins une partie dudit fluide à liquéfier, caractérisé en ce que ladite extraction s'effectue en une position (61 selon la direction L) et dans le sens extrémité chaude (90) vers extrémité froide (91) qui est en amont de ladite zone transversale d'adjonction (46) d'un fluide secondaire (8, 10), tandis que ladite réintroduction (62) s'effectue en aval de ladite zone transversale d'adjono- tion (46) d'un fluide de cycle secondaire (8, 10).3. A method of liquefaction according to claim 1 or claim 2, of the kind where one extracts (61) from the exchanger the fluid to be liquefied (18) where one reintroduces (62) in said exchanger at least one part of said fluid to be liquefied, characterized in that said extraction takes place in a position (61 in direction L) and in the direction from hot end (90) to cold end (91) which is upstream of said transverse zone of addition (46) of a secondary fluid (8, 10), while said reintroduction (62) takes place downstream of said transverse zone of addition (46) of a secondary cycle fluid (8, 10 ). 4. Procédé de liquéfaction selon la revendication 3, du genre où l'on sous-refroidit un fluide de cycle secondaire dans une pluralité de tronçons de compartiments (50, 50'), caractérisé en ce que l'on soutire ledit fluide hors des dits tronçons de compartiment (50, 50') en amont de la zone transversale d'adjonction (46) dudit fluide de cycle secondaire à un fluide principal sous une basse pression (7).4. A liquefaction method according to claim 3, of the type in which a secondary cycle fluid is sub-cooled in a plurality of sections of compartments (50, 50 ′), characterized in that said fluid is withdrawn from the said compartment sections (50, 50 ′) upstream of the transverse area of addition (46) of said secondary cycle fluid to a main fluid under low pressure (7). 5. Procédé de liquéfaction selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on sous-refroidit un fluide de cycle secondaire (8, 10) dans une pluralité de tronçons de compartiment (50,50') s'étendant à partir de l'extrémité chaude (90) de l'échangeur.5. Liquefaction method according to claim 4, characterized in that a secondary cycle fluid (8, 10) is sub-cooled in a plurality of compartment sections (50.50 ′) extending from the 'hot end (90) of the exchanger. 6. Procédé de liquéfaction selon la revendication 4,caractérisé en ce que la réintroduction (62) du fluide à liquéfier (18) s'effectue dans une double pluralité (53a), 54a et 55a) de tronçons de compartiments situés en aval par rapport à ladite zone transversale d'adjonction (46), qui prolongent la pluralité des tronçons de compartiments amont pour le fluide à liquéfier (51, 52) et la pluralité de tronçons de compartiments amont (50,50') pour le fluide de cycle secondaire (8, 10).6. Liquefaction method according to claim 4, characterized in that the reintroduction (62) of the fluid to be liquefied (1 8 ) is carried out in a double plurality (53a), 54a and 55a) of sections of compartments located downstream by relative to said transverse addition zone (46), which extend the plurality of sections of upstream compartments for the fluid to be liquefied (51, 52) and the plurality of sections of upstream compartments (50.50 ') for the cycle fluid secondary (8, 10). 7. Procédé de liquéfaction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, du genre mettant en oeuvre plusieurs tels échangeurs (140, 140', 140") et un seul groupe de compression (151, 152) entre un fluide de cycle basse pression (144) et un fluide de cycle haute pression (142) et au moins un fluide de cycle secondaire (147, 148) (172-173), sous-refroidi en (153) (174,175) et détendu en (154,155) (178,179), séparé en (160) (180) en une fraction liquide et une fraction vapeur, caractérisé en ce qu'on sépare au moins les dites fractions liquides en autant de fractions subdivisées (158, 158', 158") (181, 181', 181") que l'on adjoint individuellement à chaque fluide de cycle à basse pression de chaque échangeur (140, 140', 140") (161, 162, 163).7. Liquefaction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, of the kind using several such exchangers (140, 140 ', 140 ") and a single compression group (151, 152) between a low cycle fluid pressure (144) and a fluid high pressure cycle (142) and at least one secondary cycle fluid (147, 148) (172-173), sub-cooled in (153) (174,175) and expanded in (154,155) (178,179), separated in (160 ) (180) into a liquid fraction and a vapor fraction, characterized in that at least said liquid fractions are separated into as many subdivided fractions (158, 158 ', 158 ") (181, 181', 181") as each low-pressure cycle fluid of each exchanger (140, 140 ', 140 ") (161, 162, 163) is added individually. 8. Procédé de liquéfaction selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la fraction vapeur est adjointe entièrement (182) à un fluide de cycle basse pression circulant dans un seul échangeur (153) (161).8. A liquefaction method according to claim 7, characterized in that the vapor fraction is added entirely (182) to a low pressure cycle fluid circulating in a single exchanger (153) (161). 9. Procédé de liquéfaction selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un échangeur (161) est utilisé pour refroidir le gaz à liquéfier (164) à l'exclusion du fluide sous haute pression et au moins un autre échangeur (162, 163) est utilisé pour refroidir le fluide de cycle sous haute pression (165',165") à l'exclusion du gaz à liquéfier, caractérisé en ce que ledit échangeur (164) est utilisé pour refroidir au moins un fluide de cycle secondaire (174, 175) qui après détente et séparation a au moins sa fraction liquide subdivisée en autant de courants partiels qu'il y a d'échangeurs et adjoint à chaque fluide de cycle principal basse- pression (166, 166', 166") des dits échangeurs.9. Liquefaction method according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one exchanger (161) is used to cool the gas to be liquefied (164) excluding the high pressure fluid and at least one other exchanger (162 , 163) is used to cool the high-pressure cycle fluid (165 ', 165 ") excluding the gas to be liquefied, characterized in that said exchanger (164) is used to cool at least one secondary cycle fluid (174, 175) which after expansion and separation has at least its liquid fraction subdivided into as many partial streams as there are exchangers and added to each main low-pressure cycle fluid (166, 166 ', 166 ") said exchangers. 10. Procédé de liquéfaction selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'extraction hors de l'échangeur du fluide à liquéfier s'effectue (en 61) à un niveau de température où ledit fluide à liquéfier est à l'état partiellement condensé (70) et en ce qu'on soutire (71) et élimine la fraction liquide lourde,tandis que seule la fraction vapeur (72) est réintroduite (en 62).10. Liquefaction method according to claim 2, characterized in that the extraction from the exchanger of the fluid to be liquefied takes place (at 61) at a temperature level where said fluid to be liquefied is in the partially condensed state (70) and in that it is withdrawn (71) and eliminates the heavy liquid fraction, while only the vapor fraction (72) is reintroduced (at 62). 11. Procédé de liquéfaction selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la réintroduction (62) du fluide à liquéfier (72) s'effectue dans une pluralité de tronçons de compartiments (54,55) situés en aval par rapport à la zone transversale d'adjonction (46), qui prolongent la pluralité de tronçons de compartiment amont (51,52) pour ledit fluide à liquéfier (18).11. Liquefaction method according to claim 3, characterized in that the reintroduction (62) of the fluid to be liquefied (72) takes place in a plurality of sections of compartments (54,55) located downstream relative to the transverse zone addition (46), which extend the plurality of upstream compartment sections (51,52) for said fluid to be liquefied (18). 12. Procédé de liquéfaction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le fluide (157) adjoint au fluide de cycle sous une pression basse (143) est sous forme monophasique,liquide ou12. Liquefaction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid (157) added to the cycle fluid under low pressure (143) is in monophasic, liquid or 13. Procède de liquéfaction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le fluide (8, 10) adjoint au fluide de cycle-sous une pression basse est sous forme diphasique gaz et liquide, de préférence avec séparation des phases (63) (134) et recombinaison (68) (140) de courants fluide diphasique au niveau de chaque compartiment.13. Liquefaction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid (8, 10) added to the cycle fluid under low pressure is in two-phase gas and liquid form, preferably with phase separation (63) (134 ) and recombination (68) (140) of two-phase fluid currents at the level of each compartment. 14. Procédé de liquéfaction d'un gaz selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on met en oeuvre plusieurs fluides de cycle (111 - 120) (119), le fluide (119) d'un des cycles circulant dans des tronçons de compartiments longitudinaux prolongeant en alignement d'autres tronçons de compartiments longitudinaux dans lesquels circule l'autre fluide de cycle (120).14. A method of liquefying a gas according to claim 1, characterized in that several cycle fluids (111 - 120) (119) are used, the fluid (119) of one of the cycles circulating in sections of longitudinal compartments extending in alignment with other sections of longitudinal compartments in which the other cycle fluid circulates (120). 15. Echangeur de chaleur du type à plaques brasées sur barres-entretoises formant des compartiments plats de formé générale rectangulaire empilés selon une direction transversale dite d'épaisseur d'échangeur (T1), et ayant une autre dimension transversale, ou largeur d'échangeur (T2), et une dimension longitudinale ou longueur d'échangeur (L), avec une pluralité de compartiments démunis de toute paroi transversale (23, 25, 27, 29, 31), adjacents individuellement à au moins une autre pluralité de compartiments (24, 26), (28, 30) et ayant des moyens d'entrée (23b, 25b, 27b, 29b, 31b) et sortie (23a, 25a, 27a, 29a, 31a), caractérisé en ce que la dite pluralité de compartiments est équipée de moyens d'admission intermédiaire (56, 57, 58 et 68) entre les dits moyens d'entrée-sortie, débouchant latéralement à l'échangeur le long d'une même zone intermédiaire (46) de la longueur d'échangeur (L) et comportant, pour chaque compartiment (23, 25, 27, 29, 31) , de façon connue en soi des moyens de distribution répartis (105, 106, 105', 106') (123) sur toute la largeur de compartiment (T2).15. Heat exchanger of the brazed plate type on spacer bars forming flat compartments of generally rectangular shape stacked in a transverse direction called thickness of exchanger (T1), and having another transverse dimension, or width of exchanger (T 2 ), and a longitudinal dimension or length of exchanger (L), with a plurality of compartments devoid of any transverse wall (23, 25, 27, 29, 31), individually adjacent to at least one other plurality of compartments (24, 26), (28, 30) and having inlet means (23b, 25b, 27b, 29b, 31b) and outlet (23a, 25a, 27a, 29a, 31a), characterized in that said plurality of compartments is equipped with intermediate admission means (56, 57, 58 and 68) between said entry-exit means, opening laterally to the exchanger along the same intermediate zone (46) of length d exchanger (L) and comprising, for each compartment (23, 25, 27, 29, 31), in a manner known per se distribution distribution (105, 106, 105 ', 106') (123) over the entire width of the compartment (T 2 ). 16. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'admission intermédiaires comprennent, dans chaque compartiment (120) et sur toute sa largeur, au moins un tute (122) à perforations radiales réparties (123) sur toute la dimension (T2) dudit tube (122).16. Heat exchanger according to claim 15, characterized in that the intermediate intake means comprise, in each compartment (120) and over its entire width, at least one tute (122) with radial perforations distributed (123) over the whole the dimension (T 2 ) of said tube (122). 17. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 16, caractérisé par deux tubes agencés parallèlement (122' et 122") à faible écartement longitudinal selon (L).17. Heat exchanger according to claim 16, characterized by two tubes arranged in parallel (122 'and 122 ") with small longitudinal spacing according to (L). 18. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 15,caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'admission intermédiaires comprennent un tronçon de compartiment intermédiaire (56, 57, 58) (130) à extension selon la largeur (T2) et pourvu sur toute la largeur (T2) d'une série médiane d'orifices (68, 140) de communication avec ladite pluralité de compartiments (23, 25, 27, 29, 31) (120).18. Heat exchanger according to claim 15, characterized in that the intermediate intake means comprise a section of intermediate compartment (56, 57, 58) (130) extending along the width (T 2 ) and provided over the entire width (T 2 ) of a median series of orifices (68, 140) communicating with said plurality of compartments (23, 25, 27, 29, 31) (120). 19. Echangeur selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que les tronçons de compartiment intermédiaire (130) sont d'épaisseur (selon T1) nettement plus faible que l'épaisseur d'un compartiment (120) et sont placés dans chaque compartiment (120) de ladite pluralité de compartiments.19. Exchanger according to claim 18, characterized in that the sections of intermediate compartment (130) are of thickness (according to T 1 ) significantly less than the thickness of a compartment (120) and are placed in each compartment ( 120) of said plurality of compartments. 20. Echangeur selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que le tronçon de compartiment intermédiaire (56, 57, 58) est délimité, dans un compartiment (22) (26) (30) par deux parois, ou barres (40, 43) (41, 44) (42, 45) de séparation d'avec deux tronçons de compartiment (50, 53) (51, 54) (52, 55), ladite série d'orifices (68) étant ménagée dans au moins une paroi séparatrice (66) d'un compartiment (23, 25, 27, 29, 31) de ladite pluralité de compartiments.20. Exchanger according to claim 18, characterized in that the intermediate compartment section (56, 57, 58) is delimited, in a compartment (22) (26) (30) by two walls, or bars (40, 43) (41, 44) (42, 45) for separation from two compartment sections (50, 53) (51, 54) (52, 55), said series of orifices (68) being formed in at least one wall separator (66) of a compartment (23, 25, 27, 29, 31) of said plurality of compartments. 21. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce que chaque compartiment (23, 25, 27, 29) ou tronçon de compartiment (50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58) (130) ou tubes (122, 122', 122") est équipé de deux boîtes d'alimentation (3o-35, 133-135, 33-37) (32-60, 34-61) (62,36) (63) (124, 125) (135, 136) écartés longitudinalement, les boîtes d'alimentation des moyens d'admission intermédiaires (63) (124,125) (135, 136) étant latérales à l'échangeur.21. Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that each compartment (23, 25, 27, 29) or section of compartment (50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58) (130) or tubes (122, 122 ', 122 ") is equipped with two feed boxes (3o-35, 133-135, 33-37) (32-60, 34-61) (62 , 36) (63) (124, 125) (135, 136) separated longitudinally, the supply boxes of the intermediate intake means (63) (124, 125) (135, 136) being lateral to the exchanger. 22. Echangeur selon la revendication 21 ,caractérisé en ce qu'une boîte d'alimentation (63) d'un tronçon intermédiaire (56, 57, 58) forme une boîte-séparatrice de phases (63) et s'étend donc dans le sens (L) jusqu'à recouvrir deux passages d'in-' troduction (56a, 57a, 58a).22. Exchanger according to claim 21, characterized in that a feed box (63) of an intermediate section (56, 57, 58) forms a phase separator box (63) and therefore extends in the direction (L) until covering two introduction passages (56a, 57a, 58a). 23. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 19,caractérisé en ce que la boîte d'alimentation (62) d'une pluralité de tronçons de compartiment d'extrémité (54, 55) située d'un côté de la paroi de séparation (44, 45) d'avec le tronçon de compartiment intermédiaire (57, 58) est raccordée avec la boîte d'alimentation homologue (61) d'au moins la pluralité de compartiment d'extrémité homologue (51-52) situé de l'autre côté d'une paroi (41, 42) délimitant ladite pluralité de tronçons de compartiments intermédiaires (57, 58).23. Heat exchanger according to claim 19, characterized in that the supply box (62) of a plurality of end compartment sections (54, 55) located on one side of the partition wall (44 , 45) with the intermediate compartment section (57, 58) is connected with the food box homologous tion (61) of at least the plurality of homologous end compartments (51-52) located on the other side of a wall (41, 42) delimiting said plurality of sections of intermediate compartments (57, 58) . 24. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce que d'autres tronçons de compartiments non homologues (53) sont raccordés, par les dites boites d'alimentation (62,61) avec les tronçons de compartiment (51,52).24. Heat exchanger according to claim 23, characterized in that other sections of non-homologous compartments (53) are connected, by said supply boxes (62,61) with the compartment sections (51,52) .
EP82400099A 1981-02-05 1982-01-20 Process and installation for the liquefaction of a gas Expired EP0058106B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82400099T ATE9113T1 (en) 1981-02-05 1982-01-20 PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE LIQUEFICATION OF A GAS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8102202A FR2499226B1 (en) 1981-02-05 1981-02-05 METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR LIQUEFACTION OF A GAS
FR8102202 1981-02-05

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EP0058106A2 true EP0058106A2 (en) 1982-08-18
EP0058106A3 EP0058106A3 (en) 1982-12-08
EP0058106B1 EP0058106B1 (en) 1984-08-22

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US (1) US4486210A (en)
EP (1) EP0058106B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57149386A (en)
AT (1) ATE9113T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3260587D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2499226B1 (en)

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EP0125980A2 (en) * 1983-05-06 1984-11-21 Compagnie Francaise D'etudes Et De Construction "Technip" Process and apparatus for the cooling and liquefaction of at least a low boiling point gas, such as natural gas
EP0128614A1 (en) * 1983-05-27 1984-12-19 FDO Technische Adviseurs B.V. Sorption heat pump construction
WO1998054524A1 (en) * 1997-05-28 1998-12-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for liquefying a flow rich in hydrocarbons
FR2957663A3 (en) * 2010-07-08 2011-09-23 Air Liquide Method for carrying out heat exchanging of two-phase fluid e.g. liquid, in exchange line, involves mixing second fluid with one of fractions of first fluid, where state of second liquid is different from state of first fluid

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US5233839A (en) * 1991-03-13 1993-08-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process for operating a heat exchanger
EP0723125B1 (en) * 1994-12-09 2001-10-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Gas liquefying method and plant
GB2302044A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-01-08 William Harrold Aitken Liquid-vapour contact apparatus
GB9515492D0 (en) * 1995-07-28 1995-09-27 Aitken William H Apparatus for combined heat and mass transfer
US5657643A (en) * 1996-02-28 1997-08-19 The Pritchard Corporation Closed loop single mixed refrigerant process
FR2751402B1 (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-10-09 Packinox Sa THERMAL EXCHANGE INSTALLATION BETWEEN AT LEAST THREE FLUIDS
DE10206388A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2003-08-28 Linde Ag Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream
NO328205B1 (en) * 2006-11-01 2010-01-11 Sinvent As Procedure and process plant for gas condensation
FR2932876B1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2013-09-27 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR LIQUEFACTING A NATURAL GAS WITH PRE-COOLING THE REFRIGERANT MIXTURE
FR2980564A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-29 Air Liquide REFRIGERATION METHOD AND INSTALLATION
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CN104896986B (en) * 2015-06-09 2017-03-22 江苏科技大学 High-efficiency compact type LNG carburetor
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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0125980A2 (en) * 1983-05-06 1984-11-21 Compagnie Francaise D'etudes Et De Construction "Technip" Process and apparatus for the cooling and liquefaction of at least a low boiling point gas, such as natural gas
EP0125980A3 (en) * 1983-05-06 1984-12-27 Compagnie Francaise D'etudes Et De Construction "Technip" Process and apparatus for the cooling and liquefaction of at least a low boiling point gas, such as natural gas
EP0128614A1 (en) * 1983-05-27 1984-12-19 FDO Technische Adviseurs B.V. Sorption heat pump construction
WO1998054524A1 (en) * 1997-05-28 1998-12-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for liquefying a flow rich in hydrocarbons
US6334334B1 (en) 1997-05-28 2002-01-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream
AU745564B2 (en) * 1997-05-28 2002-03-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for liquefying a flow rich in hydrocarbons
FR2957663A3 (en) * 2010-07-08 2011-09-23 Air Liquide Method for carrying out heat exchanging of two-phase fluid e.g. liquid, in exchange line, involves mixing second fluid with one of fractions of first fluid, where state of second liquid is different from state of first fluid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57149386A (en) 1982-09-14
FR2499226A1 (en) 1982-08-06
EP0058106A3 (en) 1982-12-08
DE3260587D1 (en) 1984-09-27
FR2499226B1 (en) 1985-09-27
ATE9113T1 (en) 1984-09-15
EP0058106B1 (en) 1984-08-22
US4486210A (en) 1984-12-04

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