Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
  • G01N21/251—Colorimeters; Construction thereof
  • G01N21/253—Colorimeters; Construction thereof for batch operation, i.e. multisample apparatus
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
  • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
  • G01N21/82—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a precipitate or turbidity

Definitions

• the present invention is concerned with a method for the measurement of the properties of an agglutination, a precipitate, or of a corresponding reaction result placed on the bottom of a vessel by means of radiation and of a detector that receives radiation, whereat the beam of measurement coming from the source of radiation passes substantially in the direction of the vertical axis of the vessel, and the intensity of the radiation passing through, or reflected from, the precipitate on the bottom of the vessel is measured.
• the invention is also con ⁇ cerned with an apparatus for the implementation of the method, to which apparatus one or several measurement vessels can be fitted and which apparatus comprises one or several sources of radiation, one or several detectors receiving radiation, the said detector(s) being placed so that the beam of measurement received by the detector passes substantially in the direction of the vertical axis of the vessel to be fitted to the apparatus, as well as an output unit.
• OMPI &RUll Among agglutination reactions, most difficult to interpret is, e.g., a weak Rh-positive result obtained in blood-group identifications. In such situ ⁇ ations it is of essential importance to obtain a reliable output, because the safety of the patient is concerned.
• the objective of the method in accordance with the invention is to be able to ascertain the difference between agglutination and non-agglutination sufficiently clearly and reproducibl .
• Such a position-sensitive detector is known by whose means it is possible to indicate the location of a point of light produced by the source of light on the detector face by means of x- and y-coordi- nates and, at the same time, to measure the intensity of the radiation arriving at the detector at each particular " point.
• the beam of light may move completely arbitrarily on the detector face.
• the method in accordance with the invention is characterized in that, i order to measure the formation, location, and form of the agglutination or precipitate and/or the density or other properties of different points of the agglutination or precipitate, a component field out of the field of the vessel bottom to be measured is measured, the source of radiation is moved in relation to the detector and the vessel so that the component field
• the apparatus in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the source of radiation, which covers only a component field out of the bottom of the vessel at a time, can be shifted in relation to the vessel and to the detector so that the component field to be measured out of the bottom of the vessel, on the bottom of the vessel, can be exchanged, and that the detector is a detector in itself known which indicates the location of the beam of measurement and the intensity of the radiation at the said location.
• the method and appara ⁇ tus in accordance with the present invention besides the vertical measurement (like in FP-9 and FP-90 photo ⁇ meters, of Labsystems 0Y 3 or Titertek Multiscan readers, Eflab Oy, U.S. Patent 4,144,030) that 1.
• One or several vessels of measurement are in position above or underneath the beam of measurement during measurement.
• the beam of measurement may consist, e.g., of a beam of light, of radiation of a certain wavelength, of a laser beam, etc., and the beam of measurement at each particular time used passes along the desired route at the vessel of measurement (cuvette) or vessels of measurement placed in a matrix (set of cuvettes).
• the beam of measurement at each particular time used may be either focused or unfocused onto the appropriate point of the detectors or of the precipitate to be measured.
• a detector which is, e.g., dual-axis position-sensitive and which thereby gives
• the detector concerning the position of the beam of measurement and the corresponding intensity of the beam of measurement.
• Figure 1 shows a vessel of measurement and a detector
• Figure 2 shows a cuvette-set matrix and a detector.
• a beam of measurement 5 arrives in the vessel of measurement 1, whose source moves within the x-y system of coordinates.
• reaction result 4 can be registered point by point, and the information obtained in this way is used for the determination of the final result.
• FIG. 2 shows a cuvette-set matrix 7 which includes several vessels of measurement (cuvettes) 1, on whose bottoms a reaction result 4 has been formed or is about to be formed.
• Each cuvette is measured by means of the beam of measurement 5 moving within the x-y system of coordinates, and pair values of intensity and position of the beam of measurement are obtained from each cuvette 1 to the detector corresponding each particular cuvette or to a wide detector 6 in accordance with the desired program. It is evident that each cuvette in the cuvette- set matrix 7 may also have a detector of its own which is capable of registering both the intensity of the beam of measurement and the position of same in relation to the reaction result 4 placed in the cuvette 1.
• the method of measurement may, of course, being a single-channel or multi-channel method (one or several vessels of measurement), be additionally based, e.g., on turbidometry, fluorometry, or, e.g., on the use of a source of radiation and a receiver for luminescence, laser beam, ultrasound, etc. phenomena, either one of them at a time or as a desired combination.
• the positioning of the measurement vessels, of sources of measurement beams, of detectors, etc. auxiliary equipment may be performed in the way most appropriate in each particular case.
• the equipment may also involve various degrees of automation, e.g., in the pipetting of the samples and reagents, in the shifting of the beams of measurement, and in the processing of the results.
• the measurement vessels may be measured subsequently by means of two or more wave lengths (Suovaniemi, Os o: multichromatic measurement) or methods of measurement (e.g., photometry and fluorometry), the final result being based on the information thereby ob ained.
• reaction result e.g., out of agglu ⁇ tination or corresponding reaction result on the bottom of the vessel of measurement.
• a certain type of pattern in the process of formation of the reaction result is also characteristic of some reactions.
• the reaction result formed on the bottom of the vessel of measurement may also be observed so that the beam of measurement follows the limit of a pre- determined level or levels of intensity of the beam of measurement on the detector, whereby the reaction result yields a topography in accordance with the intensity of the beam of measurement coming onto the detector, on the detector, because by means of the detector it is pos- sible to ascertain the position corresponding each in ⁇ tensity within the x-y system of coordinates.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

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• 1981
  • 1981-07-24 WO PCT/FI1981/000061 patent/WO1982000357A1/en unknown
  • 1981-07-24 EP EP19810902329 patent/EP0056416A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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